33 presentations on real OGE condensed. Texts of expositions (oge) from the open fipi bank

Ready-made condensed presentations (with options) for the OGE - 2017.

Works taken from the website “Traps of the Unified State Exam and State Examination”

Presentation 1.

Tests of Friendship

Option 1

Today's times dictate a new test for friendship. With the acceleration of the pace of life came an understanding of the importance of time. To achieve your goal, you need to save time. As a result, a person communicates with friends less and less.

But here’s a paradox: people are depressed by excessive communication, especially in big cities. Now we strive to isolate ourselves, to retire.

Despite all this, relationships with friends remain in the first place for us.

Option 2

Our busy time with activities and events is a huge test for friendship, because the desire to quickly realize oneself has brought people an understanding of the importance of time. Each of us realizes: in order to achieve a goal, we need to save not only a day, but also an hour... As a result, a person has less and less time to communicate with friends.

But what is surprising: time is becoming less and less, and people are depressed by excessive communication, especially in big cities. So people strive to isolate themselves, to retire.

Option 3

The main test for friendship today is changes in the way and routine of people's lives, which have changed due to the acceleration of the pace of life. Thus, hospitality ceased to be meaningful, and meetings of friends became rare.

In our world, people are oppressed by the excess of forced communication, especially in big cities. In defense, people tend to isolate themselves. It would seem that this should reduce the need for friendship to a minimum. But that's not true.

Relationships with friends remain in first place, since friendship warms the soul with the confidence that we will not be alone in both joy and sorrow. (85 words)

Presentation 2.

About the role of toys

1 option

Each of us once had favorite toys. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from every person’s childhood.

In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones, but the toy still remains irreplaceable because it teaches, develops the child, and helps him gain life experience.

A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, to form a correct understanding of good and evil, you need to carefully choose a toy. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys. (83 words)

Option 2

Everyone's favorite toy is their most vivid childhood memory.

In the modern computer age, virtual toys seem to be replacing real ones. But this is not so: a traditional toy remains indispensable, developing the baby and enriching his life experience.

Since a toy is the key to a child’s consciousness, it is necessary to choose it carefully, because a toy strengthens the positive qualities in him and forms a correct understanding of good and evil. It is necessary to remember: it is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negatively oriented toys. (72 words.)

Presentation 3.

"Alarm clock" of the sense of nature

1 option

Each person has his own “alarm clock” of the sense of nature. For me it was the book “Hero Animals”, for others it was a month spent in the village in the summer, the first trip with an overnight stay in the forest...

Is it necessary to list everything that can awaken a child’s interest in nature? Growing up, a person must comprehend with his mind how everything is interconnected in the living world, how this world is strong and vulnerable at the same time.

But still, it is not the mind, but Love for all living things that makes knowledge of the world so interesting and provides a certain point of support in the calculation of all the values ​​of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds... Love that brings a person closer to happiness.

Option 2

For many people, the “wake-up call” to their sense of nature was traveling with a backpack, walking in the forest with friends, and for me, the book “Hero Animals”.

It doesn’t matter at all what exactly arouses in childhood interest and a reverent feeling for forests and fields, rivers and mountains. Growing up, a person understands that everything in the living world is interconnected: our lives depend on the health of nature.

But at the beginning of everything is Love for all living things. It helps us to understand the world, to find an important point of support and reference for life values. It is Love for nature that leads a person to happiness. (83 words)

Exposition 4.

Childhood impressions

1 option

Without reading books, a child's home and school life becomes deprived. It is impossible to make up for the time lost in childhood, because early impressions can later influence the rest of your life. Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting; they form the foundation of the child’s future spiritual life.

The biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood.

Subsequent life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions determined by many character traits. It is obvious that all the personality traits of an adult were laid down in childhood and had their own seed. (77 words)

Option 2

If a child has not read precious books in childhood, he is deprived: early impressions later influence his whole life. Childhood impressions are the foundation of future spiritual life, a golden fund.

In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not all of them will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is such that most of these seeds will gradually germinate.

Subsequent life is complex and varied. But every character trait of an adult, every action was sown in childhood, and from then on had its own germ, its own seed. (71 words)

Exposition 5.

Child education

First option:

Difficulties in raising the younger generation are associated with the decreasing importance of family. If in the early years the family did not lay down anything strong for a person in a moral sense, then society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.

The world is changing, but if parents were unable to establish contact with the child and shifted their responsibilities to others, then one should not be surprised that such a child becomes cynical, and his life becomes flat and dry. (91 words)

Second option:

There is no doubt that raising a child is very difficult! And the main problem in this matter is the decreasing importance of family. If the main unit of society in childhood does not instill in the child anything lasting in a moral sense, then society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen later.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. They did not give him warmth at a young age and, feeling guilty, strive to pay in the future with petty care and material interest.

If the parents were unable to establish contact with the child, then one should not be surprised that he will grow up cynical, and his life will be morally poor.

Exposition 6.

About good and evil

1 option

One man, having heard an acquaintance’s unflattering comments about himself, replied that this could not be: after all, he had not done anything good for him. In his life, apparently, more than once he encountered the black ingratitude of people who responded to good with evil.

Morality is a guide to life. And if you forget about it, you can go astray. People will treat you the way you treat them.

This phenomenon must be treated philosophically. By doing good that is sure to pay off, you yourself will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. Sublime natures do good. (92 words)

Option 2

One man was told that an acquaintance had spoken badly of him. “But I didn’t do anything good for him!” he was surprised, meaning that most people respond to good with evil.

Morality is a guide to life, and if you forget about it, you can not only lose your way in life, but also lose all those who have always treated you well.

How should we perceive this phenomenon? Philosophically. Do good and remember that it will surely pay off. And you will be happy because you will have fulfilled the main goal of your life. And remember: sublime natures do good. (93 words)

Exposition 7.

About love

Option 1

Each new generation has its own tastes and life goals. But difficult personal questions remain the same: how to attract the attention of the one you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?

A youthful dream of love is a dream of mutual understanding. A teenager needs to realize himself in communication with peers and show his qualities to those who are ready to understand him.

Love is unconditional trust that brings out the best in everyone that a person is capable of. True love is always greater than friendship. Only in love do we recognize another person’s complete right to everything that makes up our world. (89 words)

Option 2

Each new generation has different life goals and tastes. The only things that do not change are personal questions that are difficult to resolve: how to attract the attention of someone you like and how to distinguish affection from love?

The first dream of love is a dream of mutual understanding, which will help a girl or boy realize himself, show his individuality to someone who is ready to understand him.

Love, undoubtedly, is based on the trust of two people in each other, which reveals in each the best that is in his soul. True love includes friendships, but it is always more than friendship, since only in love do we share with another person everything that makes up our world. (103 words.)

Exposition 8.

How to overcome uncertainty?

Option 1

Lack of self-confidence is an ancient problem, but only in the middle of the 20th century it became clear that it can cause a lot of troubles, even serious illnesses.

Lack of self-confidence can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others, in which a person who lacks self-confidence becomes indecisive and cannot use life situations to his advantage.

Only a person who correctly sets goals, relates them to external circumstances and positively evaluates their results can overcome self-doubt.

Option 2

More recently, the attention of scientists has been drawn to a problem known since ancient times - self-doubt. I was attracted to her because growing uncertainty brings a lot of trouble.

Lack of self-confidence can cause dependence on the opinions of other people. And as a result: the opinions of others seem more important and meaningful than your own. I want approval from everyone, and since this is impossible, then such a person becomes indecisive.

How to get rid of self-doubt? It is necessary to overcome shyness, set life goals correctly and positively evaluate your results. (77 words)

Exposition 9.

The essence of the concept of “power”

1 option

Power is the ability to force another person to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A person, like a tree trying to get around the obstacles that prevent it from growing, wants to get out of obedience. Submissive people usually suffer, but they often become tyrants themselves.

A person who commands everywhere and everyone will face loneliness, since he does not know how to communicate as equals. Inside he has anxiety, giving way to calm only when his orders are carried out. Commanders are dishonest people who breed misfortune.

Commanding and managing are different concepts. To manage means to be able to take responsibility for your actions. (86 words)

Option 2

The ability to force another person to do something that he does not want is “power”. But not all of us want to obey. Just as trees that are prevented from growing upward, bending under obstacles, reach for the sun, so a person tries to get out of submission. But submissive people most often suffer...

The person who is used to commanding is also unhappy. He does not know how to communicate as equals, so he is always alone. And the “commander” feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders.

But there is a way for those in power to remain happy and mentally healthy. It is necessary not to command, but to manage people, being able to take responsibility for their actions. (100 words)

10 presentation.

What is art?

1 option

No formula can define what art is. By creating an image in art, a person leaves his mark on history.

The moment a person turns to creativity allows him to comprehend his place in the world, to come into contact with other individuals, peoples and civilizations. The language of art is universal, and it is it that makes it possible for humanity to feel itself as a single whole.

Since ancient times, an attitude has been formed towards art as a powerful force capable of capturing the image of an era and passing it on to descendants. (72 words)

Option 2

Art cannot be defined by one formula: after all, it is charm and witchcraft, knowledge of the world and humanity. In art, a person creates his own image, which remains in history for centuries

The moment a person turns to creativity is the greatest discovery, thanks to which he can comprehend his life and his place in the world, come into contact with different personalities and peoples. The language of art is universal, and it is this language that allows humanity to feel itself as a single whole.

Since ancient times, the attitude towards art has been formed not as entertainment, but as a powerful force capable of transmitting the image of time to its descendants.

Exposition 11.

War is a cruel school for children

Option 1

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.

The memory of the war must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time. (89 words)

Option 2

The war was a cruel school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but weapons. Lacking life experience, children did not understand the true value of simple things.

The war forced them to grow up quickly: they cried not from grief, but from hatred. Those who survived returned from the battlefields, managing to preserve a pure soul within themselves, becoming more uncompromising to evil, kinder to good.

The memory of the war must live: after all, the main participants in history are People and Time. Neither one nor the other should be forgotten! (89 words)

Presentation 12.

Choosing a life path

1 option

There is no universal recipe for how to choose the right path in life. The final choice always remains with the person.

We make this choice already in childhood, but we still make most of the serious decisions in our youth. It is at this time that a person chooses his closest friend, profession, and circle of interests for the rest of his life.

It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter, it cannot be postponed until later. You should not hope that the error can be corrected. It will be possible to correct some things, but not everything. Success comes to those who believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals. (87 words)

Option 2

There is no perfect recipe for how to choose the right path in life. It must be remembered that the final choice always remains with the person.

And we do it in early childhood, but, according to scientists, the most crucial period is adolescence. It is then that the most important thing is chosen: your closest friend, circle of interests, profession.

Such a choice is a responsible matter, it cannot be postponed until later. You should not hope that the error can be corrected later. Some things, of course, will be able to change, but not everything. Success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, and persistently achieve their goals. (86 words)

Exposition 13.

About friendship

Option 1

There are values ​​that are lost and disappear over time. But there remain eternal values ​​that are of great importance to people of all generations and cultures. For example, friendship.

People use this word very often in their language, but few can formulate what it is. Friendship is a relationship based on openness, trust and willingness to help each other.

Friends should have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines. True friendship is not afraid of time and distance. You can be close friends without seeing each other for years and talking occasionally. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship. (86 words)

Option 2

In human society there are values ​​that change, disappear, becoming the dust of time, and eternal values ​​that persist for centuries. These certainly include friendship.

We pronounce this word very often, but few can clearly answer what friendship is. Relationships based on complete trust and constant readiness to help each other - this is friendship.

True friendship is not affected by time and distance. True friends may rarely meet and not talk often, but this does not prevent them from remaining close people. And all because they have the same life values, similar spiritual

landmarks. (90 words)

Exposition 14.

About mom

Option 1

The word "mother" is a special word. It accompanies us throughout our lives. This word is in the language of any nation, and everywhere it sounds gentle and affectionate.

The place of a mother in our lives is special. We always share our joy and sorrow with her and find her understanding. In difficult life circumstances, we call on her for help and believe that she will always help. The word “mother” becomes equivalent to the word “life”.

Many artists and composers dedicate their works to their mother. Unfortunately, we realize late that we were not caring enough for our mothers. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy constantly. Grateful children are the best gift for them.(99 words)

Option 2

There is a word in the language of any nation that sounds with special tenderness and accompanies us all our lives. This is the word "mother"...

It is equivalent to the word “life”, because in difficult moments it is she who comes to the rescue, shares both grief and joy with us.

Artists, composers, poets have created wonderful works about mothers! Unfortunately, we often forget the words of the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov: “Take care of mothers!” and realize late that we forgot to say many kind words to our mother. In order not to regret it later, you need to constantly give her joy: after all, grateful children are the best gift for a mother. (word 89)

Exposition 15.

Mutual assistance and mutual assistance

Option 1

Human society was formed and continues to exist thanks to common cause and helping the weak. In modern society, where the idea of ​​individualism reigns, many have forgotten about mutual assistance and mutual assistance. Where does this lead?

It leads to the fact that individualism destroys society, and, therefore, weakens us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

If we all want to live well together and not depend on anyone, then we must help each other, and not live according to the principle of primitive selfishness. Help just like that, without looking for benefits for yourself. Then they will definitely help you in return. (94 words)

Option 2

Many people have now forgotten about mutual assistance and mutual assistance. But human society was formed and exists precisely thanks to the common cause and helping the weak.

How can we support a completely opposite point of view: there are no other interests other than our own?! This is individualism, destroying society and weakening us. And only mutual support can save and unite people. What is more important – mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? Of course, the first one!

In order not to depend on anyone, we must understand and help each other, without seeking our own benefit. Then they will definitely help you in return. (87 words)

Exposition 16.

About kindness

Option 1

When asked what kind of person they want to become, boys list many of their best traits, forgetting about kindness. But without kindness, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

Good feelings must be cultivated in childhood, because they are acquired simultaneously with the knowledge of the first truths. Humanity and kindness are born in worries, joys and sorrows.

Good feelings are the center of humanity. Today, when there is enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant of each other and take courageous actions in the name of good. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. (82 words)

Option 2

To the question: “What kind of person do you want to become?” - Hundreds of boys answered in different ways, but no one answered – kind. Why is kindness not as important for children as courage and courage: after all, without it, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible?

Good feelings go back to childhood. During that period, they need to be educated, remembering that humanity and kindness are born in worries, joys and sorrows.

Good feelings are the center of humanity. We should be more patient and kinder towards others and the world around us: after all, there is enough evil in it. The path of good is the most acceptable path for a person. (92 words)

Exposition 17.

Why is a person happy in childhood?

Option 1

Why is a person happy in childhood? Because by nature a child is a creature predisposed to happiness. And because he has nothing to compare his life with yet. But the main thing is that the soul of a child is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult.

Growing up, a person will always find a reason to feel deeply unhappy. He comes up with a non-existent drama, sincerely complains about it to his friends, wasting his health and mental strength on worries.

And only when a real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd the imaginary suffering was. Then we grab our heads and tell ourselves that we were stupid to suffer because of some nonsense. (94 words)

Option 2

As a child, a person is happy for several reasons. Firstly, a child is a creature predisposed to happiness. Secondly, he has nothing to compare his life with yet. And, thirdly, his soul has not yet had time to become covered with a shell and is more open to goodness than the soul of an adult.

But adult people, no matter how calm and prosperous life is, will not calm down until they find some kind of thorn in it in order to feel deeply unhappy. And they believe in the invented drama, wasting time and health on worries.

And only in the face of true grief do they understand how absurd the imaginary suffering was and how mediocrely the time was wasted when they could have been happy. (99 words)

Exposition 18.

About betrayal

Option 1

We often hear statements about the betrayal of friends and loved ones. The more we invest our souls, the stronger the pain of betrayal. Hugo also said that a pin prick from a friend is more painful than a knife blow from an enemy.

Many hope in vain that the traitor will awaken his conscience. But he doesn't have it. Having betrayed once, a person will betray again and again.

Betrayal destroys a person’s dignity, so traitors try to justify what they did. Some are afraid of retribution, others just try to forget everything. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty and meaningless. (76 words)

Option 2

We often hear statements that we have been betrayed. Most often, those in whom we invest our souls betray. The more you do for a person, the more painful you perceive betrayal.

Many hope that the traitor will have a conscience, but he does not have one. The first betrayal gives impetus to new treacheries.

Betrayal destroys a person’s dignity, so traitors behave differently: they justify their behavior or try to forget everything. One thing is clear: the life of a traitor becomes worthless, empty and meaningless. (70 words)

Exposition 19.

Memory of the war

But a person’s memory weakens over time, first the secondary, and then the essential, disappears from it bit by bit. Veterans are passing away, those who went through the war and could talk about it. Therefore, if the self-sacrifice of the people is not reflected in documents and works of art, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed!

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has fueled art for decades: many wonderful films have been made and wonderful books have been written. And all because there remains pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. (115 words)

Option 2

Why is the memory of the Great Patriotic War alive in the hearts and souls of people? Because we cannot forget our unprecedented feat in the name of victory over German fascism.

But still, a person’s memory weakens over time, much of what he experienced is forgotten... In addition, veterans who could talk about the war leave. What remains are documents and works of art that reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people.

The theme of the Great Patriotic War still feeds literature and art. Wonderful films have been made, wonderful works of literature have been written. And all because the pain that does not leave the soul of the people does not subside. The only thing we must take into account is truthfulness and authenticity in the depiction of war.(100 words)

Presentation2 0 .

What is friendship?

Option 1

Friendship is not something external, as it lies deep in the heart. You cannot force someone to be friends with you, it will not be true friendship.

The two main and main conditions for friendship are respect and trust. Respect means taking into account the opinion of a friend, and trust means being sure that a friend will not betray or deceive. Common moral values ​​and the same interests are important for friendship. People who have different understandings of what is good and what is evil will not be friends.

Friendship is forever, and it does not depend on age. Life is unthinkable without her. (88)

Option 2

Friendship lies deep in the heart, so you cannot force yourself to be friends.

For friendship, mutual respect and trust are important, which are manifested in the words and deeds of people. A friend always feels that he is valued as a person and that they help him in all matters. Confidence in your friend's sincerity and that he will never betray you is just as important. Friends should have common moral values: it is difficult for people who have different views on life to be friends. Strengthen friendship and common interests and hobbies.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. Life is unthinkable without friendship. (84 words)

Exposition 21.

What can you do to appreciate kindness and understand its meaning?

Option 1

What can you do to appreciate kindness and understand its meaning? To do this, you need to experience it, be imbued with a ray of someone’s kindness, feel how this ray takes possession of your heart.

Someone else's kindness is the warmth that warms the soul. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond in kind sooner or later.

Feeling the flame of kindness in your heart is great happiness. At such moments, a person finds the best in himself, and there is no room left in the soul for enmity and hatred. (74 words)

Option 2

Kindness comes not out of obligation, but as a gift. To appreciate and understand it, you yourself need to perceive the ray of someone else’s kindness and live in it.

And this someone else's kindness will not only warm the heart, but also cause a response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond in kind.

Feeling the fire of kindness in your heart is great happiness! At this moment a person finds the best in his soul. And immediately the alien disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me.” There is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred. (84 words)

Exposition 22.

About a dream

Option 1

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, then he will no longer have the desire to fight for the sake of the future, which we must predict. The absence of dreams among people will lead to the fact that culture and science will not develop.

What is the value of a dream? In that it disturbs a person and makes him desire a more perfect life, it causes excitement, a source of high feelings. Therefore, not only children, but also adults need a dream.

Only a hypocrite can say that we need to rest on our laurels. But then we won’t have a wonderful future, so we need to be able to dream, dream passionately and deeply, beautifully and effectively. (93 words)

Exposition 23.

What are the benefits of reading?

Option 1

The benefits of reading books are obvious. It broadens one's horizons, enriching a person's inner world, increases vocabulary, and develops clear thinking. It's easy to verify this. Once you read a classic work thoughtfully, you will immediately notice that it has become easier to express thoughts. Reading serious works makes you think constantly because it develops logical thinking.

The benefits of reading books are obvious. Firstly, they broaden a person’s horizons and make him smarter. Secondly, a person who reads speaks more competently. Thirdly, reading increases our vocabulary and develops logical thinking. Don't believe me? And you read, for example, “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” by Conan Doyle and make sure that after reading you will think faster, your mind will become sharper.

Reading is also useful because it affects us morally. After reading a classic work, people sometimes begin to change for the better. (80 words)

Exposition 24.

What should a good book be?

Option 1

A good book should be exciting and interesting, make you think and express emotions. It should carry a deep meaning that makes the book useful.

Where to start reading? From books from the school curriculum, if you read them in an abbreviated form, because this is a mandatory basis for every person. Great works contain disappointment and joy, tragedy and comedy. They will teach you to be sensitive, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Popular scientific literature also expands your horizons, which will provide an opportunity for self-development. Make a book your best friend. (91 words)

Option 2

What should a good book be? Interesting, written in rich language, making you think about life.

You should not get carried away by one genre of literature. Thus, reading only science fiction can turn readers into worthless dreamers.

If you have not read books from the school curriculum, then you should start with them, because classical literature is a mandatory basis for every person. She will teach you to be sensitive, emotional, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. It is also useful to read popular science literature. It will expand your horizons and form knowledge about the world. (81 words)

Exposition 25.

About family

Option 1

Having a family and children is necessary and natural. The head of the family has long been considered the father, whom the children respected and obeyed. He did hard work, and his older sons helped him.

The management of the household was in the hands of the woman. She was in charge of everything: she looked after the livestock, took care of food, and clothing. The children helped her little by little

Mutual love always reigned in a good family. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness evoked pity for their bearers. Love for relatives gave rise to love outside the home: if you do not love relatives, then it is difficult to expect respect for strangers. (86s)

Exposition 26.

About culture

1 option

The word “culture” carries the concept of spirituality, light and true beauty. If people understand this, our country will prosper. It would be nice to have a cultural center in every city or village.

Real culture is aimed at upbringing and education, so these centers should be headed by literate people who accurately understand the role of culture.

The key note of culture is such concepts as peace, truth, beauty, therefore honest and unselfish people should engage in culture. In culture, a huge ocean of creativity, everyone will find something to do. And then our planet will become more beautiful.

Option 2

The concept of culture includes spirituality, light, knowledge and true beauty, which can be developed if every city and town has its own cultural center. Then our country will become prosperous.

The main directions of culture are upbringing and education, so such centers should be headed by people who understand what real culture is.

A true cultural worker is an honest and selfless person who loves his work and respects others. It is he who will be able to ensure that such concepts as peace, truth, and beauty become the key note of culture. (79 words)

Presentation 27 .

What does it mean to be a cultured person?

Option 1

A cultured person is considered to be one who is educated, educated, responsible, who knows how to be grateful, and shows compassion for his neighbor.

Such a person always strives for happiness and increasing goodness in the world. This is his goal! The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.

Nowadays people don’t even think about joining the culture. Maybe because this process does not occur since childhood. And the child is simply obliged to get acquainted with the traditions of the family and people, learning cultural values. Then he can be useful to society. (74 words)

Exposition 28.

Who do we consider an adult?

Option 1

When does a person grow up? There is no consensus on this issue.

Adulthood means the ability to do without anyone's help. If a person does everything himself and does not expect support from others, then he is an adult. There are situations when a person cannot cope alone, then friends and relatives come to the rescue.

An independent person knows how to be responsible not only for himself, but also for someone else. He plans his own life and evaluates himself, without relying on anyone else's opinion. Adulthood does not depend on age, but on life experience, on the desire to live life without nannies.

Exposition 29.

Who becomes friends?

Option 1

Who become friends? Those who are united by fate, profession, common thoughts. But people who seem to have nothing in common in life can become friends.

Friendship is based on similarities and manifests itself in differences. So, one gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. One makes friends and shares his skills, the other enriches himself with experience through friendship. One, helping a young friend, learns his strength and maturity, and the weak one sees in a friend his role model.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you to your weaknesses and shortcomings. (84 words)

So, the ninth graders are gradually starting to worry. The Russian language is a difficult exam, because in addition to knowing the rules, you need to be able to write expositions, understand the main idea of ​​the text, clearly express your thoughts and select the correct argumentation in detailed answers to questions about the text.

In our first article on the OGE, we will try to give some useful tips on preparing for the first part of the Russian presentation exam. In March, it’s time to start actively training.

1. Focus on the main thing!

At school, statements are written in every class, so students often believe that problems simply cannot arise here. On the one hand, training always helps, on the other hand, there are several points that make sense to pay close attention to.

In the exam, the first task requires you to write a concise summary.

With a concise presentation, a detailed retelling of the text is not necessary. Another important skill required of the student is to understand the main content and key points that support the main idea. Everything else is not only possible, but also must be omitted.

The less you scatter your thoughts throughout the tree, the more clearly you formulate, the better. The main thing in the format of a concise presentation is to clearly convey the core of the text with the author’s arguments and examples (they are called microtopics). This is precisely the direction in which training is needed. Listening texts are publicly available on the FIPI website. How to work with them?

2. First audition = plan

Turn on the audio recording and listen to the text carefully. There is no need to write anything down while reading! Trying to take shorthand is a big mistake for schoolchildren. Often, with this approach, the meaning of the text slips away; missing pieces are very difficult to restore, because they flew past the ears.

Just try to concentrate and understand what they are telling you. Immediately grasp the main topic, pay attention to the author’s arguments or examples. And of course – style!

Changing the style of presentation is one of the most common and sad mistakes. Stick to the author's style, do not change the artistic style to the business one, because you are not rewriting the work, but just retelling it.

After you have listened to the text, write down the main theme and important points you noted. That is, make a short work plan. This way you will have a diagram in front of your eyes that you will rely on.

3. From second audition to draft

But during the second listening, work with a plan already drawn up, mark paragraphs for each author’s statement.

Advice - write non-consecutively, leave enough space between the intended paragraphs to write in what is missing from memory.

So, you have a presentation plan and outlined paragraphs. Now we are writing a draft. Take your time, don't be afraid to miss something. Texts for presentation are within the capabilities of every schoolchild. Write paragraph by paragraph, remembering what you heard. Try to maintain the author's style and avoid ad-libbing.

After writing a draft, be sure to check your original plan with the resulting text. Think about whether you have taken everything into account, “scroll” the text in your head. Have you covered the topic? Does what is written correspond to the author’s logic? Are the micro-topics clearly presented and do they lead to the main idea expressed in the text? If you are satisfied with the work, move on to checking spelling and punctuation.

4. Test ourselves

The level of literacy during the exam is also assessed, and points for errors are reduced. But you are not writing a dictation, but an exposition, this format works for you. If you have any doubts about the spelling of a word, remember the synonyms. Change words, phrases, even sentences if you are not sure of the correct spelling and punctuation. In the presentation, it is important not to use the exact author’s words, but to convey the meaning.

But remember that either Hemingway or an elementary school student can write in telegraphic style. They still expect detailed sentences from a ninth grader, so there is no need to be cunning in the hope of avoiding mistakes, as this may turn against you.

5. How to understand that everything worked out

So you're practicing your skills, but how do you know if it's working? Firstly, you can start by practicing on printed texts. This way you will better see the correspondence between the presentation and the original. Try reading the text out loud yourself, removing the text, writing down the plan. Read it a second time, remove it, write down the plan in paragraphs. Write a draft. Check your literacy. And then check both texts.

Secondly, you can involve your parents and friends - let them read the text to you, and you follow the above scheme. It’s very convenient to practice with friends – you can take turns reading and checking each other’s work.

Well, and thirdly, if you feel unsure, there is still time to improve your skills through courses or with the help of tutors.

Presentation is, first of all, an analysis of the text, a quick understanding of the main idea. You can learn this even if there is nothing left before the exam.

Good luck preparing for your exams!

Text 1

Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is a changed way of life, a change in the way and routine of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life, with the desire to quickly realize oneself, came an understanding of the importance of time. Previously, it was impossible to imagine, for example, that hosts would be burdened by guests; now, when time is the price of achieving one’s goal, rest and hospitality have ceased to be significant. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

But here’s a paradox: previously the circle of communication was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in cities with high population density. We strive to isolate ourselves, to choose a secluded place in the subway, in a cafe, in the reading room of a library.

Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is the changed way of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life came an understanding of the importance of time. Time has become the price of achieving your goal. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

At the same time, previously the circle of communication was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in big cities. We strive to retire, to isolate ourselves.

Text 2

Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has bright and tender memories associated with them, which he carefully keeps in his heart. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from every person’s childhood.

In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones, but, despite all the emerging new products, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind. After all, nothing teaches and develops a child better than a toy with which he can communicate, play and even gain life experience.

A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, make him mentally healthy, instill love for others, form a correct understanding of good and evil, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only its image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a system of values ​​and worldviews. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has a carefully preserved bright and tender memory associated with them. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from childhood.

In the age of computer technology, real toys do not attract as much attention as virtual ones. But an ordinary toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind, because it teaches and develops a child, he can communicate with it, play, and gain life experience.

A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, to instill love for others, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring behavior, attributes, a value system and worldview into his world. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

Text 3

When I was ten years old, someone’s caring hand gave me a volume of “Hero Animals.” I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know from other people that for them the “wake-up call” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the village in the summer, a walk in the forest with a person who “opened his eyes to everything,” the first trip with a backpack. There is no need to list everything that can awaken in human childhood interest and reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life.

Growing up, a person must comprehend with his mind how complexly everything in the living world is intertwined and interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our lives depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.

And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. When awakened in time, it makes learning about the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also finds a certain point of support, an important point of reference for all the values ​​of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors - this is the love that brings a person closer to happiness.

When I was about ten years old, I read the book Animal Heroes. I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know that for some people, the “wake-up call” for their sense of nature was a month in the village, their first trip with a backpack...

There is no need to list everything that can awaken in childhood interest and a special attitude towards the great mystery of life. Growing up, a person comprehends with his mind how everything in the living world is interconnected, how strong it is and at the same time vulnerable, how everything depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.

And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. She makes learning about the world interesting. With it, a person acquires an important point of reference for all the values ​​of life. Love for nature is the love that brings a person closer to happiness.

Text 4

No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, if he does not read precious books, he will be deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read a book today or in a year - the difference is small. In childhood, time is counted differently; here every day there are discoveries. And the acuteness of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can later influence the rest of your life.

Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting impressions. This is the foundation of future spiritual life, a golden fund. In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everyone will germinate, not everyone will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood.

Subsequent life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions, determined by many character traits and, in turn, forming this character. But if you trace and find the connection between phenomena, it will become obvious that every character trait of an adult, every quality of his soul and, perhaps, even every action of his were sown in childhood, and since then have had their own germ, their own seed.

No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, without reading precious books he is deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read the book today or in a year. As a child, every day is a discovery. The acuity of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can affect the rest of your life. Vivid and lasting impressions of childhood are the foundation of a future spiritual life, a golden fund.

In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everything will germinate or bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the germination of seeds sown in childhood.

Later life is difficult. It consists of millions of actions that are determined by character and shape it. Every character trait of an adult, qualities and actions were sown in childhood, had their own germ, their own seed.

Text 5

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person just starting out in life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the diminishing importance of the family in raising a child. And if in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.

The world is changing, becoming different. But if parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a young person. The biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the role of the family in raising a child. If in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have problems with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and strive to pay off their spiritual debt with belated care and material benefits.

The world is changing. But if the parents were unable to establish internal contact with their son or daughter, then another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness, his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

Text 6

Morality is a guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a windfall, thorny bushes, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same towards you.

How should we approach this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will receive pleasure from doing good. That is, you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

One person was told that an acquaintance had spoken unflatteringly about him. "Can't be! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” This is an algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. This man met with people who had mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.

Morality is a guide to life. If you deviate from the road, you can wander into a windfall or drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to respond in kind.

This phenomenon should be treated philosophically. Do good, from this you will receive pleasure, that is, you will be happy. The goal in life is to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

Text 7

Times change, new generations come, for whom, it would seem, everything is different from the previous ones: tastes, interests, life goals. But intractable personal issues, meanwhile, for some reason remain unchanged. Today's teenagers, like their parents in their time, are concerned about the same thing: how to attract the attention of the one you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?

A youthful dream of love is, no matter what they say, first of all, a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just to show his qualities and abilities to those who are friendly towards him, who are ready to understand him.

Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust, which reveals in everyone the best that a person is capable of. True love certainly includes friendships, but is not limited to them. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to everything that makes up our world.

Times change, but difficult personal issues remain the same. How to attract the attention of someone you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?

A youthful dream of love is a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just show your qualities and abilities to those who are ready to understand him.

Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust that brings out the best that a person is capable of. True love is not limited to friendships. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to what makes up our world.

Text 8

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it attracted the attention of doctors, teachers and psychologists relatively recently - in the middle of the 20th century. It was then that it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt could cause a lot of troubles - even serious illnesses, not to mention everyday problems.

What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Let’s imagine how uncomfortable it is to feel dependent: other people’s assessments seem more important and meaningful to him than his own. He sees his every action primarily through the eyes of those around him. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone: from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess the life situation.

How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it gained attention in the mid-20th century. Then it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt can cause various troubles, including serious illnesses.

Lack of self-confidence can become the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. For an addict, other people's assessments seem more important than their own. He wants approval from everyone. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess life situations.

How to overcome self-doubt? Scientists are looking for an answer to this question. You can overcome self-doubt if you set goals correctly and positively evaluate your results.

Text 9

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. But even if it fails to grow evenly, then, bending under obstacles, it tries to get out from under them and stretch upward again. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they have managed to throw off their “burden,” they often turn into tyrants themselves.

If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be lonely. After all, he does not know how to communicate on equal terms. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of a person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. Even bending under obstacles, it tries to stretch upward. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people suffer and often turn into tyrants.

If you always command, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. The commander does not know how to communicate on equal terms. He feels calm when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people and breed misfortune.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility. This approach preserves the mental health of the person himself and those around him.

Text 10

Is it possible to define what art is in one comprehensive formula? Of course not. Art is charm and witchcraft, it is the identification of the funny and the tragic, it is morality and immorality, it is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of existing outside of himself and remaining after him as his trace in history.

The moment a person turns to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. After all, through art, each individual person and the people as a whole comprehend their characteristics, their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just touch, but recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is precisely this that makes it possible for humanity to feel itself as a single whole.

That is why, since ancient times, an attitude towards art has been formed not as entertainment or amusement, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

Is it possible to define what art is in one formula? No. Art is charm and witchcraft, revealing the funny and tragic, morality and immorality, knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of leaving a mark on history.

The moment a person turns to creativity is the greatest discovery. After all, through art, every person and people as a whole comprehend their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples, civilizations distant from us in time and space. Recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is it that makes it possible for humanity to feel like a single whole.

That is why, since ancient times, art was considered a force capable of capturing the image of time and man and passing it on to descendants.

Text 11

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they had never rejoiced either before or after the war, with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine-gun belts. Not yet having life experience, the children did not understand the true value of simple things.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could rejoice at the spring crane wedge like a child, and with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. The survivors managed to maintain pure peace, faith and hope within themselves, becoming kinder to goodness.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live on. The main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

Text 12

There is simply no universal recipe for how to choose the right, the only true, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person. We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends, learn to build relationships with peers, and play.

But we still make most of the most important decisions that determine our life path in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, his circle of main interests, his profession.

It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be put off until later. You shouldn’t hope that the mistake can be corrected later: you’ll have time, your whole life is ahead! Some things, of course, can be corrected and changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals.

There is no and cannot be a universal recipe for how to choose the right, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person.

We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends and learn to play. But we still make most of the most important decisions in our youth. This is the most crucial period. At this time, a person chooses the most important thing in life: his closest friend, circle of interests, profession.

Such a choice is a responsible matter. It is impossible to dismiss him. You should not hope that the error can be corrected later. Wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. Success comes to those who know what they want and decisively go towards the goal.

Text 13

There are values ​​that change, are lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship.

People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who a real friend is, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any time.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines. Then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitudes to certain life phenomena are different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

There are values ​​that change, are lost, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​remain that are significant for people of all generations and cultures. One of them is friendship.

People often use this word in their language, but few can say what friendship is, who a true friend is. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on openness, trust and readiness to help each other at any time.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values ​​and guidelines, then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitude to certain phenomena in life is different. Then friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other occasionally and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

Text 14

The word “mother” is a special word. It is born with us, accompanies us in the years of growing up and maturity. It is babble by a child in a cradle, spoken with love by a young man and an old man. The language of any nation has this word, and in all languages ​​it sounds tender and affectionate.

The place of a mother in our lives is special, exceptional. We always bring our joy and pain to her and find understanding. Mother's love inspires, gives strength, inspires deeds. In difficult life circumstances, we always remember our mother, and at this moment we only need her. A man calls his mother and believes that no matter where she is, she hears him, has compassion and is in a hurry to help. The word “mother” becomes equivalent to the word life.

How many artists, composers, and poets have created wonderful works about mothers. "Take care of mothers!" - the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov proclaimed in his poem. Unfortunately, we realize too late that we forgot to say a lot of good and kind words to our mothers. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour, because grateful children are the best gift for them.

The word “mother” is a special word. It is always with us: in childhood, youth, maturity, old age. The language of every nation has this word. And in all languages ​​it sounds tender and affectionate.

The place of a mother in our lives is special. We bring her our joy and pain, we find understanding. Mother's love gives strength and inspires heroism. In difficult circumstances, we always remember our mother. A person calls his mother, believing that she hears, has compassion, and is in a hurry to help. The words “mother” and “life” become equivalent.

How many wonderful works have been created about mother! Very late we realize that we forgot to say a lot of good, kind words to our mother. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour. Grateful children are the best gift for them.

Text 15

In a society where the idea of ​​individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about such things as mutual assistance and mutual assistance. And human society was formed and continues to exist thanks to a common cause and helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. And how can we now support the absolutely opposite point of view, which says that there are no other interests other than our own?

And the point here is not even that it sounds selfish. The fact is that it is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine. Do you understand how much deeper this is than it seems? After all, individualism destroys society, and, therefore, weakens us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

And what is more in our interests – mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? There can be no two opinions here. We must understand each other if we all want to live well together and not depend on anyone. And when helping people in difficult times, there is no need to expect gratitude, you just need to help without looking for benefits for yourself. Then they will definitely help you in return.

In a society where individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about mutual assistance and assistance. Society was formed and exists thanks to a common cause, helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. How can we now believe that there are no interests other than our own? Personal and public interests are intertwined in this issue.

It's deeper than it seems. Individualism destroys society and weakens us. Only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

What is more in line with our common interests – mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? The answer is clear. We must help each other if we want to live well and not depend on anyone. You just need to help without expecting gratitude, without looking for benefits, then they will definitely help you in return.

Text 16

I remember hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not put on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? But without kindness, genuine warmth of the heart, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

And experience confirms that good feelings should be rooted in childhood. If they are not raised in childhood, you will never educate them, because they are acquired simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main one of which is the value of life, someone else’s, your own, the life of the animal world and plants. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in excitement, joy and sorrow.

Good feelings, emotional culture are the focus of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the living world around us and do the bravest acts in the name of good. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. It is tested, it is true, it is useful both to the individual and to society as a whole.

I remembered hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? – Strong, courageous, smart... And no one said: kind. But without kindness, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

Good feelings are the center of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, it is worth being more tolerant, attentive and kind to each other, to the living world around us. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. He is tried, true and useful to everyone.

Learning to feel and sympathize is the most difficult thing in education. If good feelings are not cultivated in childhood, you will never cultivate them. In childhood, a person must go through an emotional school - the school of instilling good feelings. Humanity and kindness are born in worries, worries, joys and sorrows.

Text 17

In childhood, a person is happy, as they say now, by default. By nature, a child is a creature instinctively predisposed to happiness. No matter how difficult and even tragic his life may be, he still rejoices and constantly finds new and new reasons for this. Perhaps because there is nothing to compare life with yet. He does not yet suspect that it could be somehow different, but most likely, it is still because the soul has not yet had time to become covered with a shell and is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult.

And with age, everything seems to turn inside out. No matter how calm and prosperous life may be, we will not calm down until we find some thorn in it, a clumsiness, a problem, we cling to it and feel deeply unhappy. And we believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain about it to our friends, we waste time, health, and mental strength on worries.

Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is and how trivial the reason for it is. Then we grab our heads and say to ourselves: “Lord, what a fool I was when I suffered because of some nonsense. No, to live for your own pleasure and enjoy every minute.”

In childhood, a person is happy by default. A child is instinctively predisposed to happiness. Under any circumstances, he rejoices and constantly finds new reasons for this. Perhaps because he has nothing to compare his life with yet, that the child’s soul has not yet had time to be covered with a protective shell and is more open to goodness and hopes than the soul of an adult.

With age, everything changes. No matter how well our life develops, we will not calm down until we find some problem in it, feeling deeply unhappy. We believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain to our friends, we worry.

Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is. Then we realize that we have committed a stupidity, suffering because of nonsense, we understand that we need to enjoy life.

Text 18

I was betrayed by a loved one, I was betrayed by my best friend. Unfortunately, we hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern here is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. In such situations, I remember the statement of Victor Hugo: “I am indifferent to the knife blows of an enemy, but the pin prick of a friend is painful to me.”

Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his act by the interests of the case, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits a second, third, and so on ad infinitum.

Betrayal precisely destroys a person’s dignity, and as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends their behavior, trying to justify what they did, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone simply tries to forget everything, without burdening themselves with emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless.

I was betrayed by a loved one, my best friend. We hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. The “friend’s pin prick” brings severe pain.

Many endure mockery of themselves, hoping to awaken the conscience of the traitor. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his action by the interests of the cause, committing one betrayal after another.

Betrayal destroys a person’s dignity, and traitors behave differently. They try to justify what they did, fall into a feeling of guilt and fear, and try to forget everything. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty and meaningless.

Text 19

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can we forget our unprecedented feat, our irreparable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - German fascism.

The severity of the four years of war cannot be compared with any other years in our history. But a person’s memory weakens over time; first, the secondary things disappear from it bit by bit: less significant and bright; and then - the essential. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed!

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has fueled literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about the life and feats of man during the war, and wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no intentionality here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants, the living, but mainly the dead.

The Great Patriotic War is becoming a thing of the past, but the memory of it is alive. It is impossible to forget the feat and sacrifices made in the name of victory. Four years of war cannot be compared with anything in terms of the severity of the experience. The most important feature of the war is its national character, when everyone fought for a common cause, giving themselves without reserve in the name of the coming victory...

But a person's memory weakens over time. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. This cannot be allowed.

The theme of the Great Patriotic War nourishes literature and art. Films have been made about the war and works of literature have been created. This is the pain of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. When discussing this topic, it is important to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war and its participants.

Text 20

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it. But fiction has a particularly strong impact on a person.

Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, giving people the opportunity to communicate with each other across decades and centuries, becoming a kind of memory repository for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views and feelings, character, tastes, and awakens a love of beauty. That is why, in difficult moments of life, people often turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. The importance of art, which has firmly entered our lives, is great.

Contact with the world of creativity brings joy and selfless pleasure. It is wrong to see works of art only as a means of obtaining pleasure. The importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, becoming a repository of memory for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views, character, tastes, and awakens a love of beauty. Therefore, in difficult moments of life, people turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

Text 21

To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning, you must experience it yourself. You need to accept the ray of someone else's kindness and live in it. One must feel how a ray of this kindness takes possession of the heart, word and deeds of one’s whole life. Kindness comes not out of obligation, not out of duty, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something greater, which is not even immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond sooner or later, confidently or uncertainly, with his kindness.

It is a great happiness to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. In this moment, in these hours, a person finds his best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “mine” are forgotten, what is alien disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me.” And there is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred. (138 words)

To appreciate and understand kindness, you need to experience it yourself, perceive the ray of someone else’s kindness, and live in it. You need to feel how he takes control of your heart, word, and deeds. Kindness comes not out of obligation, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something that is not immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness will sooner or later respond with his own kindness.

Great happiness is to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. At this moment, a person finds the best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “one’s own” are forgotten, and what is alien disappears. There is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred.

Text 22

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, then one of the most powerful motivations that gives rise to culture, art, science and the desire to fight for a wonderful future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create in us the feeling that we are already living in this future and that we ourselves are becoming different.

Not only children, but also adults need a dream. It causes excitement, a source of high feelings. She does not allow us to calm down and always shows us new sparkling distances, a different life. It disturbs and makes you passionately desire this life. This is its value.

Only a hypocrite can say that we need to calm down and stop. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream passionately, deeply and effectively. You need to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful. (123 words)

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, one of the reasons that gives birth to art, science and the desire to fight for the future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create the feeling that we are already living in this future and are changing ourselves.

Everyone needs a dream. She is a source of high feelings. She doesn’t let you calm down, she shows you new horizons, a different life. Its value lies in the fact that it disturbs and makes one desire this life.

Only a hypocrite can say that we should stop there. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream, to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful.

Text 23

What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

The benefits of reading books are obvious. Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich his inner world, and make him smarter. It is also important to read books because it increases a person’s vocabulary and develops clear and clear thinking. Everyone can verify this by their own example. One has only to thoughtfully read some classical work, and you will notice how easier it has become to express your own thoughts with the help of speech, to select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, it develops logical thinking. Don't believe me? And you read something from the classics of the detective genre, for example, “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” by Conan Doyle. After reading, you will think faster, your mind will become sharper and you will understand that reading is useful and beneficial.

It is also useful to read books because they have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and on our spiritual development. After reading one or another classic work, people sometimes begin to change for the better. (based on Internet materials) 168 words

What are the benefits of reading? Why do people read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich their inner world, and make them smarter. Reading increases a person's vocabulary and develops clear thinking. Everyone can be convinced of this. It’s worth reading a classic work thoughtfully, and you will notice how easier it has become to express thoughts using speech and select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, develops logical thinking, intelligence, and intelligence.

Books have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and spiritual development. After reading a classic work, people sometimes change for the better.

Text 24

What is a good book? Firstly, the book should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make us think and express emotions. Secondly, the book should be written in rich language. Thirdly, it must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Thus, a passion for the fantasy genre alone can turn young readers into goblins and elves who know the way to Avalon much better than the way home.

If you have not read books from the school curriculum or read them in an abbreviated form, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. Great works contain disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. They will teach you to be sensitive, emotional, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Naturally, read popular science literature. It will expand your horizons, form knowledge about the world, help you determine your path in life, and provide an opportunity for self-development. We hope that these reasons for reading will make the book your best friend. (based on Internet materials) 174 words

What is a good book? It should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make you think and express emotions. The book should be written in rich language. It must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Focusing solely on the fantasy genre can turn young readers into those who know the way to Avalon better than the way home. If you have not read books from the school curriculum, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. It has

disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. Such books will teach sensitivity, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Popular science literature will broaden your horizons, help you determine your path in life, and provide the opportunity for self-development.

We hope the reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

Text 25

Having a family and children is as necessary and natural as it is necessary and natural to work. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father, who was traditionally considered the head. The children respected and obeyed their father. He was engaged in agricultural work, construction, logging and firewood. The entire burden of peasant labor was shared with him by his adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife and mother. She was in charge of everything in the house: she looked after the livestock, took care of food, and clothing. She did not do all this work alone: ​​even children, having barely learned to walk, little by little, along with play, began to do something useful.

Kindness, tolerance, mutual forgiveness of insults grew into mutual love in a good family. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and evoked pity for their bearers. One had to be able to give in, forget the offense, respond kindly or remain silent. Love and harmony between relatives gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family. (according to Belov) 148 words

Having a family and children is necessary and natural. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father. The children respected and obeyed the head of the family. He was engaged in peasant labor, the full burden of which was shared with him by his adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife, the mother. She was in charge of everything in the house, taking care of food and clothing. The children helped her in everything...

In a good family there was mutual love. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and aroused pity. One had to be able to give in, forget the insult, and respond kindly. Love and harmony within the family gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family.

Text 26

The word "culture" is multifaceted. What, first of all, does true culture contain? It carries the concept of spirituality, light, knowledge and true beauty. And if people understand this, then our country will become prosperous. And therefore it would be very good if every city and town had its own cultural center, a creative center not only for children, but also for people of all ages.

True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, and what its significance is.

The key note of culture can be such concepts as peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if people who were honest and selfless, selflessly devoted to their work, and respectful of each other, were engaged in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity, there is enough space for everyone, there is something for everyone. And if we all begin to participate together in its creation and strengthening, then our entire planet will become more beautiful. (according to M. Tsvetaeva) 152 words

The word "culture" is multifaceted. What does true culture contain? Spirituality, light, knowledge, beauty. If people understand this, our country will become prosperous. It would be nice if every city and town had its own center of culture and creativity for people of all ages.

True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. Such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is and why it is needed.

The key note of culture is peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if people who were honest, dedicated to their work, and respectful of each other were engaged in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity in which there is enough room for everyone. If we take part in its creation together, our planet will become more beautiful.

Text 27

What does it mean to be a cultured person? A person who is educated, well-mannered, and responsible can be considered cultured. He respects himself and others. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, striving for high things, the ability to be grateful, love of nature and homeland, compassion and empathy for one’s neighbor, and goodwill.

A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a clearly defined goal and achieves it. The main goal of such a person is to increase goodness in the world, to strive to ensure that all people are happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.

Nowadays people devote too little time to culture. And many people don’t even think about it throughout their lives. It’s good if a person’s process of familiarization with culture occurs from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions passed down from generation to generation, absorbs the positive experience of the family and his homeland, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society. (based on Internet materials) 143 words

What does it mean to be cultured? Be educated, well-mannered, respectful of yourself and others. A cultured person is distinguished by creative work, the ability to be grateful, patriotism, and compassion for others.

A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a goal and achieves it. His main goal is to increase goodness in the world, to strive for all people to be happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.

Today people spend too little time on culture. It’s good if a person is introduced to culture from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions, absorbs positive experiences, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society.

Text 28

Some people believe that a person matures at a certain age, for example, at 18, when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?

Adulthood means independence, that is, the ability to do without anyone’s help or care. A person with this quality does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Of course, there are situations when a person cannot cope alone. Then you have to ask for help from friends, relatives and acquaintances. But in general, it is not typical for an independent, adult person to rely on others.

There is an expression: the hand should expect help only from the shoulder. An independent person knows how to be responsible for himself, his affairs and actions. He plans his own life and evaluates himself, without relying on anyone else's opinion. He understands that much in life depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. But for this you also need to become independent, be able to make decisions. Adulthood does not depend on age, but on life experience, on the desire to live life without nannies.

Some believe that a person matures when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?

Adulthood means independence. An adult does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Sometimes you can't do it alone. Then you have to ask your loved ones for help. But in general, it is not typical for an independent person to rely on others.

An adult knows how to be responsible for himself, his affairs and actions. He plans his life himself, evaluates himself, realizing that much depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. To do this, you need to become independent and be able to make decisions. Adulthood depends on life experiences.

Text 29

What is friendship? How do you become friends? You will most often meet friends among people with a common destiny, the same profession, and common thoughts. And yet it cannot be said with confidence that such a community determines friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.

Can two opposite characters be friends? Certainly! Friendship is equality and similarity. But at the same time, friendship is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but friends do not always receive equal amounts from friendship. One is friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience in friendship. One, helping a weak, inexperienced, young friend, learns his strength and maturity. Another, weak one, recognizes in a friend his ideal, strength, experience, maturity. So, one gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities, but manifests itself in differences, contradictions, and dissimilarities.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

What is friendship? You will most often meet friends among like-minded people, people of a common destiny. This cannot be said to define friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.

Two opposite characters can also be friends. Friendship is equality and similarity and at the same time it is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but they don’t always get the same amount out of their friendship. One makes friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience. One, helping an inexperienced person, learns his strength and maturity. The weak recognize in a friend his ideal, strength, and experience. One gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities and manifests itself in differences.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A loving friend exposes your weaknesses and vices.

Text 30

Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You cannot force yourself to be a friend to someone or force someone to be your friend.

Friendship requires a lot, first of all mutual respect. What does it mean to respect your friend? This means taking into account his opinion and recognizing his positive traits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A friend who is respected feels that he is valued as a person, his dignity is respected and he is helped not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust is important, that is, confidence in the sincerity of a friend, that he will not betray or deceive. Of course, a friend can make mistakes. But we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. In addition, common moral values ​​are important for friendship, for example. People who have different views on what is good and what is evil will have a hard time being friends. The reason is simple: can we show deep respect and, perhaps, trust to a friend if we see that he commits actions that are unacceptable, in our opinion, and considers this the norm. Strengthen friendships and common interests or hobbies. However, for a friendship that has existed for a long time and has been tested by time, this is not important.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a person many experiences. But life is unthinkable without friendship.

Friendship is not something external. It lies deep in the heart. You can't force someone to be friends.

Friendship requires, above all, mutual respect. This means taking into account the opinion of a friend and recognizing his merits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A respected friend feels valued as a person and helps him not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust, confidence in the sincerity and reliability of a friend is important. A friend may be wrong, because we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. General moral values ​​and ideas about good and evil are also important. For friendships that have existed for a long time and have been tested by time, common interests or hobbies are less significant.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can bring a person many experiences. Life is unthinkable without friendship.

Text 31

It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon, one of a kind. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not already been reflected in world literature. Love, loyalty, jealousy, betrayal, cowardice, the search for the meaning of life - all this has already been experienced by someone, changed their mind, reasons, answers were found and captured on the pages of fiction. It’s just a matter of little things: take it and read it and you’ll find everything in the book.

Literature, revealing the world with the help of words, creates a miracle, doubles, triples our inner experience, infinitely expands our view of life, of man, and makes our perception more subtle. In childhood, we read fairy tales and adventures to experience the excitement of search and intrigue. But the hour comes when we feel the need to open a book in order to delve deeper into ourselves with its help. This is the hour of growing up. We are looking for an interlocutor in the book who enlightens, ennobles, and teaches.

So we picked up the book. What is happening in our soul? With every book we read, which opens up storehouses of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a Human. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and a textbook of life.

It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon. In fact, there is not a single problem that would not be reflected in world literature. Love, separation - you will find all this in books.
Literature opens up the world with the help of words and expands views on life. As children, we read fairy tales to relive intrigue. But the hour comes when we open a book to delve deeper into ourselves - this is the hour of growing up.
So we took the book, what happens to us? With the help of literature, a person becomes a person. It is no coincidence that the book is called “a teacher and textbook of life.”

Text 32

Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think and doing what you say. But here’s the problem: a person who immediately voices what first came into his head risks being branded not only natural, but also ill-mannered, and even stupid. Rather, a sincere and natural person is one who knows how to be himself: to take off his masks, step out of his usual roles and show his true face.

The main problem is that we don’t know ourselves well, we are chasing illusory goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you really don’t need at all.

If you look inside yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it won’t become easier or simpler for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your path in life. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

“Know yourself,” said the great wise Socrates. Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think. A sincere person is one who knows how to be himself.
The main problem is that we don't know ourselves well. You need to look into your heart to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed by society.
If you look inside yourself, you will discover your characteristics and talents, you just need to study them. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

Text 33

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to establish their self. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What paths does it take to get there? What moral values ​​matter in his eyes? The question is extremely important.

Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the reluctance to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know.” , “I can’t” - there are no words. Selfish people evoke feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to affirm his self. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.

The true worth of a person is revealed sooner or later. And the higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us, the so-called little ordinary person, is in fact a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to stand out.
Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of our self-esteem, we sometimes do rash actions. Self-loving people cause a feeling of condemnation, but you should not lose your dignity forever, sometimes you need it in life. It is not always easy to apply.

The true worth of a person is still revealed. The higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us is actually a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

Text 34

Therefore, take care of your youth until old age. Appreciate all the good things you acquired in your younger years, don’t lose friends. Nothing acquired in youth passes without a trace. Good youth skills to make life easier. The bad ones will complicate it and make it difficult. Remember the Russian proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age”? All the actions committed in youth remain in memory. The good ones will make you happy. The bad ones won't let you sleep.

I once thought that my social circle would be different in old age. But in reality it turned out differently. Peers are always with me. I remember that the only real friends my parents had were friends from the gymnasium or fellow students. The desire to be friends decreases with age, because youth is the time of rapprochement. We should remember this and appreciate those who are close to you. A true friend can not only sympathize in your grief, but also rejoice at your successes. When the time comes for misfortunes and losses, you cannot be alone.

Nothing acquired in youth passes without a trace. Habits and skills last a lifetime. Get used to work - and work will always bring joy. This is very important for human happiness! There is no more unhappy person than a lazy person. Wonderful habits make life more beautiful, bad habits make it more difficult.

There is a Russian proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” All the actions committed in youth remain in memory. The good ones will make you happy, the bad ones will keep you awake!

Text 35

What really lies in this seemingly familiar concept of friendship? Scientifically speaking, friendship is a selfless relationship between people that is based on common likes, interests and hobbies. A true friend is always there, whether we feel bad or good. He will never try to take advantage of your weakness for his own purposes and will always come to the rescue when you need him so much. He will not only help you in trouble, but will also sincerely rejoice in moments of happiness with you.

But, unfortunately, such relationships are gradually fading away. Selfless friendship is gradually becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in this or that matter, or those with whom we can have a good time. In fact, if one of the supposedly close friends has a crisis, the friends disappear somewhere until this crisis passes. This situation is familiar to almost everyone. In a word, beneficial friendship is rapidly replacing selfless friendship.

We must remember that many problems that seem grandiose and frightening can be solved without much difficulty if you have reliable friends nearby. Friendship gives confidence in the future. It makes a person bolder, freer and more optimistic, and his life warmer, more interesting and multifaceted. True friendship spiritually unites people, contributing to the development in them of a desire for creation rather than destruction.

What is the concept of friendship? Scientifically, friendship is a selfless relationship between people based on common sympathies and interests. A true friend is always there, whether we feel bad or good. He will never try to take advantage of your weakness for his own purposes and will always come to the rescue. A friend will not only help you in trouble, but will also sincerely rejoice in moments of happiness with you.

But selfless friendship is gradually becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in this or that matter, or those with whom we can spend time. During a crisis, friends disappear somewhere. Beneficial friendship is rapidly replacing selfless friendship.

We must remember that many problems can be solved if we have reliable friends nearby. Friendship gives confidence in the future. It makes a person bolder, freer and more optimistic, and his life more multifaceted. True friendship spiritually unites people, contributing to the development of their desire to create.

The mandatory state exam is a topic that worries every ninth-grader today, because for many, the scores obtained while passing the OGE open up the opportunity to continue their education in a specialized class or one of the best colleges in the country.

In the 2018-2019 academic year, the attention of teachers, parents and students themselves is most focused on the Russian language, because it is in the structure and KIMs of this compulsory exam that the most changes have occurred.

Structure of the OGE in the Russian language

In 2019, the OGE in the Russian language will include an oral part (the so-called preliminary interview) and a written part, in which graduates will need to give correct answers to test questions, write a summary and an essay on a given topic.

Oral part

During the oral exam, ninth-graders will have to:

• read the text expressively;
• retell the text using additional information;
• build a monologue on a given topic;
• support dialogue.

1 minute is allotted for preparation for each task, and all the examinee’s answers will be recorded.

Written part

The testing and measuring materials that were used in the 2017-2018 academic year during the OGE in the Russian language allow us to fully assess the student’s level, and therefore no special changes are expected in the structure of tasks in 2019. As before, examinees will be asked to:

• give short answers to test questions using theoretical knowledge and practical skills on the topics studied;
• write a summary, while compressing a text of 200 words to 70-100 without losing the main meaning;
• write a final essay on one of the moral and ethical topics of 2019.

Dates

The draft GIA schedule for 2019 indicates the following dates for interviews in the Russian language for 9th grades:

The written part of the 2019 OGE in Russian will be held on the following days:

Criteria for evaluating a concise presentation

In total, for a correctly written concise presentation at the 2019 OGE, a student can score 7 points, which are awarded according to the following principle:

How to write a summary?

In Russian language lessons, students learn to write a short summary and for most, the requirements of the OGE in the Russian language presented in 2019 will not come as something unexpected. Test takers will be asked to listen to the text twice and summarize it in writing.

The process of writing a statement includes the following steps:

• highlighting the main idea and secondary information;
• dividing the text into three main blocks;
• uniform compression of text using basic techniques.

Important! When listening to the text for the first time, briefly write down important points from the draft, and also try to highlight logical blocks. While listening to the text a second time, correct your thoughts, take notes and record on the draft the main phrases and thoughts that are important not to miss.

Remember that when checking a condensed presentation, OGE experts in the 2018-2019 academic year pay special attention to literacy, uniform compression of the text and the variety of techniques used. There are three main compression techniques in the Russian language:

1. exception;
2. generalization;
3. replacement.

While FIPI has not officially presented the texts on the basis of which 9th grade graduates will write a presentation as part of the 2019 OGE, you can quite successfully practice on assignments from previous years, developing the skills of using compression techniques.

Since in 2019, at the OGE, the fragment on which it is necessary to write a statement will be presented as an audio recording, teachers are recommended to prepare the 9th grade, offering a similar assignment format.

Secrets of preparation

Does a student taking the OGE in the 2018-2019 academic year need a personal tutor who will tell him how to write a presentation and an essay? This question is asked by many parents of ninth-graders. In fact, individual lessons will be useful in two cases:

• The child plans to go to college after 9th grade and needs to score the highest possible score in the Russian language.
• The child has serious gaps in knowledge that are difficult to fill through independent learning.

In all other cases, Russian language lessons are more than enough, in which graduates of 2019 will examine in detail how to write a presentation and an essay according to the requirements of the final certification. Of course, additional classes will not be amiss. If for some reason at school in the 2018-2019 academic year there are no group classes to prepare for the Unified State Exam for students entering the 9th grade, you can prepare yourself by practicing writing an essay and following the advice of experienced teachers that can be found on the Internet.

A concise presentation of the OGE is not the easiest task for nervous people who were nervous during the exam. Unfortunately, our brain has the ability to skip all the important information at the most crucial moment, so if you have not prepared for listening in advance, are not accustomed to memorizing the text by ear and recording the main details, then it will be very difficult for you to write a summary from memory. Fortunately, all texts for the ill-fated OGE in Russian are available in printed form. You can get acquainted with them right now.

Some useful information for orientation in space. Audio recordings in the OBZ are located in two links: Speech (R) and Information processing of texts of various styles and genres (IOTRS). Their number varies: 38 (P) and 35 (IOTSZH). Some audio recordings have disappeared, so don’t be lazy once again to see what will still be useful, because the old ones have been replaced by those that you still have no idea about. But there is a positive aspect: you can kill four birds with one stone, because some audio files are repeated.

Note! Each text has a title: the first phrase with which the entry begins and a number assigned to it by the organizers of the OGE.

Friendship always faces challenges. The main one today is a changed way of life, a change in the way and routine of life. With the acceleration of the pace of life, with the desire to quickly realize oneself, came an understanding of the importance of time. Previously, it was impossible to imagine, for example, that hosts would be burdened by guests; now, when time is the price of achieving one’s goal, rest and hospitality have ceased to be significant. Frequent meetings and leisurely conversations are no longer indispensable companions of friendship. Due to the fact that we live in different rhythms, meetings of friends become rare.

But here’s a paradox: previously the circle of communication was limited, today a person is oppressed by the redundancy of forced communication. This is especially noticeable in cities with high population density. We strive to isolate ourselves, to choose a secluded place in the subway, in a cafe, in the reading room of a library.

Each of us once had a favorite toy: 3ee3FD

Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has bright and tender memories associated with them, which he carefully keeps in his heart. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from every person’s childhood.

In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones, but, despite all the emerging new products, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind. After all, nothing teaches and develops a child better than a toy with which he can communicate, play and even gain life experience.

A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, make him mentally healthy, instill love for others, form a correct understanding of good and evil, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only its image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a system of values ​​and worldviews. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

When I was ten years old: 2408B6

When I was ten years old, someone’s caring hand gave me a volume of “Hero Animals.” I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know from other people that for them the “wake-up call” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the village in the summer, a walk in the forest with a person who “opened his eyes to everything,” the first trip with a backpack. There is no need to list everything that can awaken in human childhood interest and reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life.

Growing up, a person must comprehend with his mind how complexly everything in the living world is intertwined and interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our lives depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.

And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. When awakened in time, it makes learning about the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also finds a certain point of support, an important point of reference for all the values ​​of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors - this is the love that brings a person closer to happiness.

No matter how interesting the child’s home and school life may be: 5C1D07

No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, if he does not read precious books, he will be deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read a book today or in a year - the difference is small. In childhood, time is counted differently; here every day there are discoveries. And the acuteness of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can later influence the rest of your life.

Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting impressions. This is the foundation of future spiritual life, a golden fund. In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everyone will germinate, not everyone will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood.

Subsequent life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions, determined by many character traits and, in turn, forming this character. But if you trace and find the connection between phenomena, it will become obvious that every character trait of an adult, every quality of his soul and, perhaps, even every action of his were sown in childhood, and since then have had their own germ, their own seed.

We often talk about complexity: DE831E

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person just starting out in life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the diminishing importance of the family in raising a child. And if in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.

The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.

The world is changing, becoming different. But if parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

One person was told: 14CC2B

One man was told that an acquaintance had spoken about him in unflattering terms. "Are you kidding! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” Here it is, the algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. In his life, one must assume, this man has more than once met people who have mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.

Morality is a guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a windfall, thorny bushes, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same towards you.

How should we approach this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will receive pleasure from doing good. That is, you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

Times change, new generations come: 514cD3

Times change, new generations come, for whom, it would seem, everything is different from the previous ones: tastes, interests, life goals. But intractable personal issues, meanwhile, for some reason remain unchanged. Today's teenagers, like their parents in their time, are concerned about the same thing: how to attract the attention of the one you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love?

A youthful dream of love is, no matter what they say, first of all, a dream of mutual understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just to show his qualities and abilities to those who are friendly towards him, who are ready to understand him.

Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust, which reveals in everyone the best that a person is capable of. True love certainly includes friendships, but is not limited to them. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to everything that makes up our world.

Self-doubt: c013D0

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it attracted the attention of doctors, educators and psychologists relatively recently - in the middle of the 20th century. It was then that it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt could cause a lot of troubles - even serious illnesses, not to mention everyday problems.

What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Let’s imagine how uncomfortable it is to feel dependent: other people’s assessments seem more important and meaningful to him than his own. He sees his every action primarily through the eyes of those around him. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone: from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess the life situation.

How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

The essence of the concept of “power”: A08E59

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. But even if it fails to grow evenly, then, bending under obstacles, it tries to get out from under them and stretch upward again. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they have managed to throw off their “burden,” they often turn into tyrants themselves.

If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be lonely. After all, he does not know how to communicate on equal terms. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly carry out his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.

Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

What is art: 1E8AA8

Is it possible to define what art is in one comprehensive formula? Of course not. Art is charm and witchcraft, it is the identification of the funny and the tragic, it is morality and immorality, it is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of existing outside of himself and remaining after him as his trace in history.

The moment a person turns to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. After all, through art, each individual person and the people as a whole comprehend their characteristics, their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just touch, but recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is precisely this that makes it possible for humanity to feel itself as a single whole.

That is why, since ancient times, an attitude towards art has been formed not as entertainment or amusement, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

The war was cruel for children: 5E6CAC

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.

The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they had never rejoiced either before or after the war, with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.

Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

There is simply no universal recipe: E1CBD5

There is simply no universal recipe for how to choose the right, the only true, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person. We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends, learn to build relationships with peers, and play.

But we still make most of the most important decisions that determine our life path in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, his circle of main interests, his profession.

It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be put off until later. You shouldn’t hope that the mistake can be corrected later: you’ll have time, your whole life is ahead! Some things, of course, can be corrected and changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals.

There are values ​​that change: 901369

There are values ​​that change, are lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship.

People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who a real friend is, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any time.

The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines. Then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitudes to certain life phenomena are different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. This kind of consistency is the hallmark of true friendship.

The word "mother" is a special word: cA2891

The word “mother” is a special word. It is born with us, accompanies us in the years of growing up and maturity. It is babble by a child in a cradle, spoken with love by a young man and an old man. The language of any nation has this word, and in all languages ​​it sounds tender and affectionate.

The place of a mother in our lives is special, exceptional. We always bring our joy and pain to her and find understanding. Mother's love inspires, gives strength, inspires deeds. In difficult life circumstances, we always remember our mother, and at this moment we only need her. A man calls his mother and believes that no matter where she is, she hears him, has compassion and is in a hurry to help. The word “mother” becomes equivalent to the word life.

How many artists, composers, and poets have created wonderful works about mothers. "Take care of mothers!" - the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov proclaimed in his poem. Unfortunately, we realize too late that we forgot to say a lot of good and kind words to our mothers. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour, because grateful children are the best gift for them.

In a society where the idea of ​​individualism is cultivated: 03C806

In a society where the idea of ​​individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about such things as mutual assistance and mutual assistance. And human society was formed and continues to exist thanks to a common cause and helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. And how can we now support the absolutely opposite point of view, which says that there are no other interests other than our own?

And the point here is not even that it sounds selfish. The fact is that it is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine. Do you understand how much deeper this is than it seems? After all, individualism destroys society, and, therefore, weakens us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.

And what is more in our interests – mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? There can be no two opinions here. We must understand each other if we all want to live well together and not depend on anyone. And when helping people in difficult times, there is no need to expect gratitude, you just need to help without looking for benefits for yourself. Then they will definitely help you in return.

I remember hundreds of answers: 173233

I remember hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not put on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? But without kindness, genuine warmth of the heart, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.

And experience confirms that good feelings should be rooted in childhood. If they are not raised in childhood, you will never educate them, because they are acquired simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main one of which is the value of life, someone else’s, your own, the life of the animal world and plants. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in excitement, joy and sorrow.

Good feelings, emotional culture are the focus of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the living world around us and do the bravest acts in the name of good. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. It is tested, it is true, it is useful both to the individual and to society as a whole.

A person is happy in childhood: 161694

In childhood, a person is happy, as they say now, by default. By nature, a child is a creature instinctively predisposed to happiness. No matter how difficult and even tragic his life may be, he still rejoices and constantly finds new and new reasons for this. Perhaps because there is nothing to compare life with yet. He does not yet suspect that it could be somehow different, but most likely, it is still because the soul has not yet had time to become covered with a shell and is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult.

And with age, everything seems to turn inside out. No matter how calm and prosperous life may be, we will not calm down until we find some thorn in it, a clumsiness, a problem, we cling to it and feel deeply unhappy. And we believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain about it to our friends, we waste time, health, and mental strength on worries.

Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is and how trivial the reason for it is. Then we grab our heads and say to ourselves: “Lord, what a fool I was when I suffered because of some nonsense. No, to live for your own pleasure and enjoy every minute.”

I was betrayed by a loved one: DE398F

I was betrayed by a loved one, I was betrayed by my best friend. Unfortunately, we hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern here is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. In such situations, I remember the statement of Victor Hugo: “I am indifferent to the knife blows of an enemy, but the pin prick of a friend is painful to me.”

Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his act by the interests of the case, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits a second, third, and so on ad infinitum.

Betrayal precisely destroys a person’s dignity, and as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends their behavior, trying to justify what they did, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone simply tries to forget everything, without burdening themselves with emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless.

The Great Patriotic War is moving further and further: 9F7F88

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can we forget our unprecedented feat, our irreparable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - German fascism.

The severity of the four years of war cannot be compared with any other years in our history. But a person’s memory weakens over time; first, the secondary things disappear from it bit by bit: less significant and bright; and then the essential. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed!

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has fueled literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about the life and feats of man during the war, and wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no intentionality here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants, the living, but mainly the dead.

There is no man in the modern world: 2180EE

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it. But fiction has a particularly strong impact on a person.

Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, giving people the opportunity to communicate with each other across decades and centuries, becoming a kind of memory repository for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views and feelings, character, tastes, and awakens a love of beauty. That is why, in difficult moments of life, people often turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

To appreciate kindness: 6E4449

To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning, you must experience it yourself. You need to accept the ray of someone else's kindness and live in it. One must feel how a ray of this kindness takes possession of the heart, word and deeds of one’s whole life. Kindness comes not out of obligation, not out of duty, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something greater, which is not even immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond sooner or later, confidently or uncertainly, with his kindness.

It is a great happiness to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. In this moment, in these hours, a person finds his best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “mine” are forgotten, what is alien disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me.” And there is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred. (138 words)

If you take away a person's ability: C7DF03

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, then one of the most powerful motivations that gives rise to culture, art, science and the desire to fight for a wonderful future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create in us the feeling that we are already living in this future and that we ourselves are becoming different.

Not only children, but also adults need a dream. It causes excitement, a source of high feelings. She does not allow us to calm down and always shows us new sparkling distances, a different life. It disturbs and makes you passionately desire this life. This is its value.

Only a hypocrite can say that we need to calm down and stop. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream passionately, deeply and effectively. You need to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful. (123 words)

What are the benefits of reading: C9D678

What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

The benefits of reading books are obvious. Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich his inner world, and make him smarter. It is also important to read books because it increases a person’s vocabulary and develops clear and clear thinking. Everyone can verify this by their own example. One has only to thoughtfully read some classical work, and you will notice how easier it has become to express your own thoughts with the help of speech, to select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, it develops logical thinking. Don't believe me? And you read something from the classics of the detective genre, for example, “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” by Conan Doyle. After reading, you will think faster, your mind will become sharper and you will understand that reading is useful and beneficial.

It is also useful to read books because they have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and on our spiritual development. After reading one or another classic work, people sometimes begin to change for the better. (168 words)

What is a good book: FE03F7

What is a good book? Firstly, the book should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make us think and express emotions. Secondly, the book should be written in rich language. Thirdly, it must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Thus, a passion for the fantasy genre alone can turn young readers into goblins and elves who know the way to Avalon much better than the way home.

If you have not read books from the school curriculum or read them in an abbreviated form, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. Great works contain disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. They will teach you to be sensitive, emotional, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Naturally, read popular science literature. It will expand your horizons, form knowledge about the world, help you determine your path in life, and provide an opportunity for self-development. We hope that these reasons for reading will make the book your best friend. (174 words)

Have a family and children: 9ABE05

Having a family and children is as necessary and natural as it is necessary and natural to work. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father, who was traditionally considered the head. The children respected and obeyed their father. He was engaged in agricultural work, construction, logging and firewood. The entire burden of peasant labor was shared with him by his adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife and mother. She was in charge of everything in the house: she looked after the livestock, took care of food, and clothing. She did not do all this work alone: ​​even children, having barely learned to walk, little by little, along with play, began to do something useful.

Kindness, tolerance, mutual forgiveness of insults grew into mutual love in a good family. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and evoked pity for their bearers. One had to be able to give in, forget the offense, respond kindly or remain silent. Love and harmony between relatives gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family. (according to Belov, 148 words)

The word “culture” has many facets: 3EB622

The word “culture” is multifaceted. What, first of all, does true culture contain? It carries the concept of spirituality, light, knowledge and true beauty. And if people understand this, then our country will become prosperous. And therefore it would be very good if every city and town had its own cultural center, a creative center not only for children, but also for people of all ages.

True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, and what its significance is.

The key note of culture can be such concepts as peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if people who were honest and selfless, selflessly devoted to their work, and respectful of each other, were engaged in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity, there is enough room for everyone, there is something for everyone. And if we all begin to participate together in its creation and strengthening, then our entire planet will become more beautiful. (according to M. Tsvetaeva, 152 words)

What does it mean to be a cultured person: AA9E09

What does it mean to be a cultured person? A person who is educated, well-mannered, and responsible can be considered cultured. He respects himself and others. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, striving for high things, the ability to be grateful, love of nature and homeland, compassion and empathy for one’s neighbor, and goodwill.

A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a clearly defined goal and achieves it. The main goal of such a person is to increase goodness in the world, to strive to ensure that all people are happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.

Nowadays people devote too little time to culture. And many people don’t even think about it throughout their lives. It’s good if a person’s process of familiarization with culture occurs from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions passed down from generation to generation, absorbs the positive experience of the family and his homeland, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society. (143 words)

Some believe that a person grows up: 2BF0BB

Some people believe that a person matures at a certain age, for example, at 18, when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?

Adulthood means independence, that is, the ability to do without anyone’s help or care. A person with this quality does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Of course, there are situations when a person cannot cope alone. Then you have to ask for help from friends, relatives and acquaintances. But in general, it is not typical for an independent, adult person to rely on others.

There is an expression: the hand should expect help only from the shoulder. An independent person knows how to be responsible for himself, his affairs and actions. He plans his own life and evaluates himself, without relying on anyone else's opinion. He understands that much in life depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. But for this you also need to become independent, be able to make decisions. Adulthood does not depend on age, but on life experience, on the desire to live life without nannies.

What is friendship: BA9370

What is friendship? How do you become friends? You will most often meet friends among people with a common destiny, the same profession, and common thoughts. And yet it cannot be said with confidence that such a community determines friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.

Can two opposite characters be friends? Certainly! Friendship is equality and similarity. But at the same time, friendship is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but friends do not always receive equal amounts from friendship. One is friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience in friendship. One, helping a weak, inexperienced, young friend, learns his strength and maturity. Another, weak one, recognizes in a friend his ideal, strength, experience, maturity. So, one gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities, but manifests itself in differences, contradictions, and dissimilarities.

A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

Friendship is not something external: 2E31AB

Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You cannot force yourself to be a friend to someone or force someone to be your friend.

Friendship requires a lot, first of all mutual respect. What does it mean to respect your friend? This means taking into account his opinion and recognizing his positive traits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A friend who is respected feels that he is valued as a person, his dignity is respected and he is helped not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust is important, that is, confidence in the sincerity of a friend, that he will not betray or deceive. Of course, a friend can make mistakes. But we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. In addition, common moral values ​​are important for friendship, for example. People who have different views on what is good and what is evil will have a hard time being friends. The reason is simple: can we show deep respect and, perhaps, trust to a friend if we see that he commits actions that are unacceptable, in our opinion, and considers this the norm. Strengthen friendships and common interests or hobbies. However, for a friendship that has existed for a long time and has been tested by time, this is not important.

Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a person many experiences. But life is unthinkable without friendship.

Text 31: We only think

It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon, one of a kind. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not already been reflected in world literature. Love, loyalty, jealousy, betrayal, cowardice, the search for the meaning of life - all this has already been experienced by someone, changed their mind, reasons, answers were found and captured on the pages of fiction. It’s just a matter of little things: take it and read it and you’ll find everything in the book.

Literature, revealing the world with the help of words, creates a miracle, doubles, triples our inner experience, infinitely expands our view of life, of man, and makes our perception more subtle. In childhood, we read fairy tales and adventures to experience the excitement of search and intrigue. But the hour comes when we feel the need to open a book in order to delve deeper into ourselves with its help. This is the hour of growing up. We are looking for an interlocutor in the book who enlightens, ennobles, and teaches.

So we picked up the book. What is happening in our soul? With every book we read, which opens up storehouses of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a Human. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and a textbook of life.

Text 32: Many people think that being sincere

Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think and doing what you say. But here’s the problem: a person who immediately voices what first came into his head risks being branded not only natural, but also ill-mannered, and even stupid. Rather, a sincere and natural person is one who knows how to be himself: to take off his masks, step out of his usual roles and show his true face.

The main problem is that we don’t know ourselves well, we are chasing illusory goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you really don’t need at all.

If you look inside yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it won’t become easier or simpler for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your path in life. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

Text 33: Every person is looking for a place in life.

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to establish their self. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What paths does it take to get there? What moral values ​​matter in his eyes? The question is extremely important.

Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the reluctance to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know.” “I can’t” - there are no words. Selfish people evoke feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to affirm his self. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.

The true worth of a person is revealed sooner or later. And the higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us, the so-called little ordinary person, is in fact a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

Text 34: When I was in school (2D98B8, EF499D, 035D23, F4DCBC)

When I was at school, it seemed to me that my adult life would take place in some other environment, as if in a different world, and that I would be surrounded by other people. But in reality everything turned out differently. My peers stayed with me. The friends of youth turned out to be the most faithful. The circle of acquaintances has grown unusually. But true friends, old, true friends, are made in youth. Youth is a time of bonding.

Therefore, take care of your youth until old age. Appreciate all the good things you acquired in your younger years, don’t lose friends. Nothing acquired in youth passes without a trace. Good youth skills to make life easier. The bad ones will complicate it and make it difficult. Remember the Russian proverb: “Take care of your honor from a young age”? All the actions committed in youth remain in memory. The good ones will make you happy. The bad ones won't let you sleep.

Text 35: What is really in this (B02C98, 94DA17, A38FC0, 39F272)

What really lies in this seemingly familiar concept of friendship? Scientifically speaking, friendship is a selfless relationship between people that is based on common likes, interests and hobbies. A true friend is always there, whether we feel bad or good. He will never try to take advantage of your weakness for his own purposes and will always come to the rescue when you need him so much. He will not only help you in trouble, but will also sincerely rejoice in moments of happiness with you.

But, unfortunately, such relationships are gradually fading away. Selfless friendship is gradually becoming a relic of the past. Friends now for us are people who can help in this or that matter, or those with whom you can have a good time. In fact, if one of the supposedly close friends has a crisis, the friends disappear somewhere until this crisis passes. This situation is familiar to almost everyone. In a word, beneficial friendship is rapidly replacing selfless friendship.

We must remember that many problems that seem grandiose and frightening can be solved without much difficulty if you have reliable friends nearby. Friendship gives confidence in the future. It makes a person bolder, freer and more optimistic, and his life warmer, more interesting and multifaceted. True friendship spiritually unites people, contributing to the development in them of a desire for creation rather than destruction.