Church of Tsarevich Dimitri "on the field". Temples of the Yaroslavl region, Uglich district Church of Tsarevich Dimitri "on the field"

Abstract on the topic:

Church of Demetrius in Pole (Pskov)

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Description
  • 1.1 Dimensions
• 2 History
  • 2.1 Church life
• 3 Dmitrievskoe cemetery
Sources

Introduction

Church of Demetrius the Myrrh-Streaming Field(Dmitry Solunsky) - Orthodox church in Pskov. A historical and cultural monument of federal significance of the 15th-16th centuries. Located in the middle of the Dmitrievsky cemetery on the left bank of the Pskov River

1. Description

The four-pillar quadrangle of the temple has three apses. On the western side there is a vestibule and a bell tower of three tiers, the upper tiers have six sides, which end with blades and a spire. The church has a southern aisle of a later construction with one apse, which ends with a small dome on a decorative drum. The temple has a modest decoration of the facades, which is typical for the temple architecture of Pskov in the 16th century. The light drum of the main temple has a decorative belt formed from two rows of curbs and a row of runner located between them. The western pillars of the quadrangle in the lower part are painted with white oil paint to the height of a person; in the upper part there is oil painting.

Constructed from local limestone slabs, using lime mortar, plastered and whitewashed.

1.1. Dimensions

The length of the temple along the west-east axis is 22 m, the width is −8 m. The length of the aisle is 21.5 m, the width is 8 m.

2. History

• A stone church, consecrated in the name of St. Demetrius, was built in 1534 in the monastery. The Pskov chronicle says: “... in the summer of 7042 the Church of the Holy Martyr Demetrius was erected in monasteries...”
• The church is mentioned in various sources of the second half of the 16th and early 17th centuries. It is called “... from the field, which is on the Stolbitskaya road above Pskov...”, “... to the ground, from behind the Petrovsky Gate...”.
• 1685 - peasants of the Dmitrievsky Monastery participated in the construction of the roof of the city walls of Pskov.
• 1698 - The Dmitrievsky Monastery, because of the Petrovsky Gate, owned 28 courtyards.
• 1615 - the monastery was destroyed by Swedish invaders, but was soon restored.
• 1763 - the first brief description of the church assigned to the bishop's house is given, the church is named “... behind the Peter's Gate, from the field...” The church is built of stone, covered with planks, the plank dome is brazed with tin, the bell tower is also made of stone, there are four bells.
• 1782 - at the expense of the Pskov merchant Vukola Evstafievich Podnebesny, a chapel was built, consecrated in the name of the Entry of the Mother of God into the temple.
• Beginning of the 19th century The church is indicated as a parish.
• 1808 - the church was supposed to be demolished due to dilapidation, but the demolition of the church was prohibited by the Holy Synod.
• 1864 - a chapel was built on, after which the Pskov ecclesiastical consistory decided to build a bell tower with a wooden frame.
• 1876 ​​- a new iconostasis was installed in the main church, and in 1882 - in the chapel.
• Until the end of the 1980s, it was one of the five operating Orthodox churches in Pskov.
• 1960 By Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 1327 of August 30, the temple, as a monument of republican significance, was taken under state protection.
• By decision of the Pskov city executive committee on September 21, 1960, the cemetery near the church was closed for burials.

2.1. Church life

• Since 1915, priest Alexy Cherepnin served here. He studied at the Pskov Theological Seminary together with the future Patriarch Tikhon (Bellavin). He was arrested in 1938 at the age of 80, the priest died in a Leningrad prison.
• The rector of the temple is Archimandrite Anatoly (Novozemtsev).

3. Dmitrievskoe cemetery

• The cemetery arose around the church at the beginning of the 19th century; nuns of the Old Ascension Monastery were buried here.
• By decision of the Pskov Ecclesiastical Consistory in 1862, a part of the cemetery was separated by a fence for the burial of Catholics. On the Catholic site there is the grave of the artist Vladimir Ottovich Rechenmacher, a student of I. E. Repin.

Famous residents of Pskov are buried in the cemetery:

• M. A. Nazimov (1801-1888), Decembrist and friend of M. Yu. Lermontov,
• relatives of the Decembrist Ivan Pushchin, a lyceum friend of A. S. Pushkin,
• I. I. Vasilev, founder of the Pskov Archaeological Society,
• participants of the Patriotic War: E. P. Nazimov and V. M. Bibikov.
• Metropolitan of Pskov and Porkhov in 1954-1987. John (Razumov), who died in 1990,
• F. M. Plyushkin, entrepreneur and art collector
• I. N. Skrydlov, director of public schools in the Pskov province, father of Admiral N. I. Skrydlov, killed in Petrograd in 1918,
• B. S. Skobeltsyn, architect, restorer,
• V. A. Poroshin, artist
• Some directors of the Pskov gymnasium are buried in the same cemetery.

Sources

• Okulich-Kazarin N. F. Companion to ancient Pskov. Pskov. 1913
• Spegalsky Yu.P. Pskov. L.-M.: “Art”. 1963 (Series “Architectural and artistic monuments of cities of the USSR”).
• Skobeltsyn B. S., Khrabrova N. S. Pskov. Monuments of ancient Russian architecture. - L.: “Art”. 1969
• Skobeltsyn B. S., Prokhanov A. Pskov land. Monuments of ancient Russian architecture. L.: “Art”. 1972
• Spegalsky Yu. P. Pskov. Artistic monuments. - L.: “Lenizdat”. 1972
• Spegalsky Yu. P. According to Pskov of the 17th century. L., 1974
• Sights of the Pskov region. Comp. L. I. Malyakov. Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional (3rd ed. - 1981). - L.: “Lenizdat”. 1977 - 360 pp., ill. P.11-22.
• Spegalsky Yu. P. Pskov. Ed. 2nd. - L.: “Art”. 1978 (Series “Architectural and artistic monuments of cities of the USSR”).
• Arshakuni O.K. Folk architecture of Pskov. Architectural heritage of Yu. P. Spegalsky. - M.: “Stroyizdat”. 1987
• Bologov A. A. Pskov. L.: Lenizdat. 1988
• Sedov V.V. Pskov architecture of the 16th century. M. 1996

To the 420th anniversary of the repose of Tsarevich Dimitri and the 405th anniversary of his glorification.

Glorification and transfer of the Holy Moshas of Tsarevich Dimitri from Uglich to Moscow

On May 28, 1606 (old style) in the city of Uglich, a sacred commission headed by Metropolitan Philaret of Rostov discovered and recognized as holy and incorruptible the relics of Tsarevich Dimitri, an innocently murdered youth and the last Uglich prince.

From the city cathedral, the procession with the coffin of the Passion-Bearer moved to the Rostov outpost. The bells of the city churches hummed hysterically and pitifully, seeing off the Tsarevich. At the border of the princely estate the procession stopped. Here, in an open field, thousands of people gathered, wanting to say goodbye and pay their last respects to their beloved prince. The clergy continuously conducted divine services for 24 hours in the open air.

During the Divine Liturgy, an event occurred that marked the beginning of the foundation of the temple on this site - a stream of blood spilled from the tomb of the Passion-Bearer onto the ground. The shrine was carefully collected by the clergy and placed in a silver shrine along with the earth. (Currently the shrine is kept in the collection of the Uglich Museum). On July 3, the funeral procession solemnly arrived in Moscow. The body of Tsarevich Dimitri rested in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. The people of Uglich found from the Lord their intercessor and miracle worker.

Creation of a temple

In the fall of 1606, the place of farewell to the Tsarevich was designated by a wooden chapel.

In 1610 the Poles burned it.

In 1637, the chapel was restored and stood for half a century. It was replaced by a wooden church taken from the Uglich Kremlin.

In 1729, the team of architect Mikhailo Volkov erected the first stone church. Initially, the church was a local church, then it became a cemetery without a parish. By the will of God her life was short-lived. The terrible fire on September 26, 1793, which destroyed half of Uglich, seriously damaged the church structure.

In 1798, it was decided to dismantle the temple due to its dilapidation and build a new one. The patrons of the temple were the Uglich merchants Rusinov. The new temple was placed 10 fathoms closer to the Rostov road in order to preserve the ancient cemetery.

On January 18, 1802, services resumed in the warm confines of St. Martyr. Kirik and Iulitta. In the summer of 1814, the main temple was completed. The icon painters Grigory and Vasily Burenin, as well as the artel of Timofey Medvedev - the best icon painters of Uglich - worked on its decoration.

He consecrated the temple in honor of the transfer of the relics of the holy prince. Tsarevich Dimitri Archimandrite Palladium from the Uglich Alekseevsky Monastery.

The temple has not been closed for 200 years. It contains a rich collection of icons.

In 1995, through the efforts of the rector, mitred archpriest Vladimir, the temple acquired a particle of the relics of its heavenly patron. All this spiritual wealth can be seen today.

Temple shrines

2011 marks the 200th anniversary of one of the revered shrines - the icon of the holy martyr John the Warrior.

The image was donated to the temple by the Uglich merchant Mikhail Alexandrovich Khorkhorin.

It is noteworthy that in the 20th century the icon was stolen twice, in 1925 and 1937. and both times miraculously came back.

The third theft occurred in 1993, but two years later the image returned home to its temple.

It is also the 200th anniversary of the temple icon of Tsarevich Demetrius, painted in 1811 by Uglich craftsmen for this church.

It is known that she participated in all religious processions throughout the city of Uglich, held on the Feast of the Intercession of the Mother of God.

At the right choir there is a shrine with a particle of the relics of Tsarevich Dimitri and a shroud.

Here is also the ark with the relics of the Holy Prince Roman of Uglich. He was the third Uglich prince and on the princely throne he was elevated by virtues and piety to the rank of locally revered saints.

The relics were discovered in 1495. In 1595 there was his general glorification. In 1611, during the Polish-Lithuanian intervention, the relics suffered from a fire and, following a luminous pillar above them, were recovered from the ashes a second time. Since 1930 they were in the Uglich Museum, and in 1989 they were transferred to the church.

At the left choir there is a reliquary with the relics of the infant martyr John (Chepolosov), killed on May 25 (June 8), 1663. He showed a high confession of love for God and his parents, refusing to study magic, for which he suffered cruel torture from his fanatic teacher. Soon the relics were miraculously recovered and glorified by the church commission. Already his parents, who were building a temple on the grave of their son, prayed to him.

The Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church venerated the temple's shrines and honored the memory of the deceased Uglich clergy. The visit of His Holiness the Patriarch is an important historical event in the annals of the temple. For the first time, its walls were received and sanctified by the prayer and preaching of the High Hierarch.

Many parishioners, youth and children of all ages gathered in the temple. First of all, the word of His Holiness the Patriarch was addressed to the youth. He talked about his spiritual mentor, Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov), ​​about his love for this temple and Uglich. August 2010 marked the 60th anniversary of the abbotship of Bishop Nicodemus in the Temple of Tsarevich Dmitry.

The name of Vladyka Nicodemus is especially revered in this temple, because it is to him that the temple owes its salvation from closure and ruin in 1961. His Holiness Patriarch Kirill especially noted the spiritual feat of the parishioners of those years, looking with warmth and attention into the faces of their descendants. The High Hierarch called upon the younger generation and parishioners to preserve and increase the spiritual heritage of the Tsar’s temple and to guard the faith of the fathers.

An excellent speaker and preacher, the Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church speaks with young people in living, figurative language, convincingly and intelligibly telling them the great and saving teaching of the Church of Christ. He is able to explain the essence of a variety of complex issues and problems, helping to find their only correct solution.

Indeed, there has never been such an outstanding apologist and missionary in the patriarchal department of the Russian Orthodox Church. The pilgrimage visit of the spiritual leader of Russia to Uglich and to the temple of Tsarevich Dimitri is the most important chronological and spiritual event, inscribed with a red line in the annals of the modern history of the temple.

Church of Tsarevich Dimitri on the field
Rostovskaya st., 60
Thrones: Demetrius Tsarevich, Kirik and Julitta.

This church is rarely visited by tourists and is off the beaten path. However, it is she who keeps many of the secrets of this city.

A brick church in the classical style, erected in 1798-1814 instead of the previous brick church built in 1729 at the expense of the townsman M. Volkov. A four-part building with a two-height temple part, crowned with a five-domed dome, decorated on the side facades with four-column porticoes. The refectory with the winter church of Kirik and Iulita, on the western side there is a three-tier bell tower, built in 1822.

The church was built on the site of the farewell to the relics of Tsarevich Dimitri when they were transferred to Moscow on June 3, 1606.

The procession moved directly along the Moscow road along the Volga, but in the area of ​​the Epiphany Monastery the stretcher with the relics suddenly stopped. The procession turned onto the Rostov road, and at the exit from the city stopped again so that the townspeople could say goodbye to the prince. Originally, a wooden chapel was soon built on this site.

In 1693, the old warm church at the Transfiguration Cathedral was moved to the place of the chapel from the Kremlin, since a new one was being built in the Kremlin. The “Kremlin” church stood for more than forty years, until 1729, when a stone church of Tsarevich Demetrius and St. Kirik and Iulita. The temple was deserted, from the end. XVIII century had the status of a cemetery.
Later, the existing temple was erected a little to the side of the previous one. Then there really were fields here, and not populated streets. Inside, paintings from 1836 have been preserved, similar in style to the frescoes of the Transfiguration Cathedral in the Kremlin, which is why researchers believe that both churches were painted by the same artel. The carved iconostasis in the shape of a triumphal arch has also been preserved.

In Soviet times, only it did not close and continued to operate. This is the only temple operating during Soviet times.

Surviving shrines and icons from all over Uglich were brought here. in 1989, a silver shrine with the relics of the holy noble prince of Uglich Roman in a silver shrine was transferred to the temple from the Transfiguration Cathedral of the Uglich Kremlin.
Stored here:
- the remains of the holy relics of the blessed prince Roman Vladimirovich of Uglich (his father left Uglich in 1237 and, when Batu’s army approached, he ordered the city to surrender without allowing blood - 02.1237. Batu left the city untouched, three years later the princes returned to Uglich, his father died in 1249. , R.'s elder brother, Andrey, Roman, prince of Uglich, became a prince from 1261, built at least 15 churches, died on February 3, 1285, was buried in the cathedral church of Uglich, in 1486 the relics were found incorrupt at the founding of a new temple, in 1595 they were examined. , in 1609 the Poles burned them along with the cathedral, their remains were kept until 1917 in the chapel dedicated to Roman)
-a particle of the relics of Tsarevich Dmitry;
-Feodorovskaya icon of B.M., in front of which the prince prayed;
-Athos icon B.M.
-icon of the Intercession B.M. (appeared in the 14th century, the same icon is kept in the historical and art museum - which of them is not known)
-until recently, the prince’s bloody nuts were also lying around, but they were stolen.
-part of the holy relics of the youth John Chepolosov (killed by his father’s worker - inflicted 25 wounds on him in 1663, in 1669 the relics were found incorrupt)

Painted at the beginning of the 19th century. The painting was restored in 1986 under the direction of E.M. Maslova.
Timofey Medvedev was also involved in icon painting; the published document from the funds of the Uglich branch of the State Archives has an important source study value: it allows us to characterize Timofey Medvedev as a major icon painter, expands the understanding of his activities in Uglich, defining its versatility. Until now, the Uglich period in Medvedev’s work has defined him only as a talented master of wall painting.

An agreement between the master painter Timofey Alekseevich Medvedev and the church warden and clergy of the Church of St. Demetrius Tsarevich, which is on the field of the city of Uglich, about painting 27 icons for the main iconostasis. 1812 February 1 day. I, of the Vladimir province of the Shuya district of Princess Daria Alexandrovna Dolgorukova of the village of Teikova, resident Timofey Alekseev Medvedev of the city of Uglich of the Tsarevskaya Church, that on the field (with) the clergy and clergy and church warden Nikolai Skornyakov that I, Medvedev, in that Tsarevich Church in the new iconostasis, paint icons on oil ground of the best Greek work and the best art - against the image of the Nativity of Christ given by me. Use the best paints for this work and gold for the crowns and gaps in the vestments, red gold, and not a double. In total, in this iconostasis there are twenty-seven icons, namely, at the top in the first belt in the middle, write the Savior, with those standing in five faces; in four, on the sides of it, there are Saviors, tsks (as in the original) - twelve Apostles; in two more marks next to the Saviors there are two Prophets or whatever they decide to write. In the second (belt) in the middle (write) the Last Supper and on the sides of the Supper, in the stamps, - (The Passion) of the Lord, and in the other stamps above the local images (twelfth) Feasts, as many of them as will fit. In the underside (belt on the Royal Doors) (write) the Annunciation and the Four Evangelists...(further unreadable, the text is lost - part of the sheet is torn) (On the right) side of the Royal Doors (write) the Savior,...(further unreadable, the text is lost – part of the sheet is torn) (Tsarevich Prince Dimitri); on the left side...(further unreadable, text lost) (D) believe in writing Archdeacon Stepan...(further unreadable, text lost) do not dissuade them, but write according to their pleasure.

For all of my work described above, I, Medvedev, agreed to receive one thousand rubles, from which, at an agreed price, as a deposit at the conclusion of this agreement, one hundred rubles (to be received); in March (another) one hundred rubles; in the month of April - the same hundred rubles. After taking the same money for the month of June, I, Medvedev, must present at least ten written pieces, and especially the temple image, for which I should receive another two hundred rubles. And I receive other money based on the success of my work presented to their church.
I will begin this work from the date written in the contract and continue no further until November of the same year. At the end of all my work, wait a year for the last two hundred rubles, or how they will be corrected by the amount.
In the case of my work, if after six months there is any malfunction or damage in the painting of icons, then I, Medvedev, must correct these icons at my own expense, without causing the church a loss.

To assure all my work, I gave the clergy and clergymen and the church elder this agreement, which I signed. The original agreement was signed as follows: To this agreement, the said icon painter Timofey Alekseev Medvedev, with his own hand, signs for the fulfillment of everything written above. According to this contract, I received an earnest money of one hundred rubles on the indicated date; on April 10, I also received the icon painter Timofey Medvedev, for the pieces of money provided, two hundred rubles, for which I signed (T.A. Medvedev’s autograph).

Church of Tsarevich Dimitri "on the field"

At the entrance from Rostov Velikiy to Uglich, on Rostovskaya Street, guests of the city are greeted by an elegant small church. This is the church of Tsarevich Dimitri “on the field”. The existing stone church was built in 1798-1814. But the construction of the current temple was preceded by a long history, about which there is a legend...

On June 3, 1606, when the relics of Tsarevich Dimitri were transferred from Uglich to Moscow, the procession first set off along the Moscow road. But at the exit from the city at the St. John the Theologian Monastery, the carriers with the relics suddenly stopped and they could not be moved from their place. Because of this, they decided that we needed to go along the Rostov road. The procession continued along it. At the exit from the city, the procession stopped again so that the townspeople could say goodbye to the prince. The clergy continuously conducted divine services for 24 hours in the open air.

During the Divine Liturgy, an event occurred that marked the beginning of the foundation of the temple at this place - from the coffin where the relics of Demetrius were located, a trickle of blood spilled onto the ground. The shrine was carefully collected by the clergy and placed in a silver shrine along with the earth. On July 3, the funeral procession solemnly arrived in Moscow. The body of Tsarevich Dimitri rested in the Archangel Cathedral of the Kremlin. The people of Uglich found from the Lord their intercessor and miracle worker.

Soon, a chapel was built at the holy place where the townspeople said goodbye to Tsarevich Demetrius. In 1693, the old warm church at the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral was moved to the place of the chapel from the Kremlin, as a new one was being built in the Kremlin. The “Kremlin” church stood for more than forty years, until 1729, when a stone church of Tsarevich Demetrius and Saints Kirik and Julita was erected in its place. And after another half a century, an existing temple was erected a little to the side of the previous one, which was popularly called the Church of Demetrius “on the field” (as it is called, in contrast to the Kremlin temple “on the blood”).

The church "on the field" is a typical monument of its time. It is one-story, five-domed with a refectory and a bell tower. With a traditional composition, its decoration is dominated by forms of classicism. These are the four Tuscan columns, pediments in front of the quadrangle, pilasters, cornices, and the design of the bell tower. The church cannot be called an interesting architectural monument, but it is beautiful and remarkable in its own way, and most importantly, it is an important historical monument and shrine of these places.

Inside, paintings from 1836 have been preserved, similar in style to the frescoes of the Transfiguration Cathedral in the Uglich Kremlin, which is why researchers believe that both churches were painted by the same artel. Here, too, you will encounter illusory forms - columns, a coffered vault, combined with the marks of saints and subjects, but, of course, the modesty of a small cemetery church is visible in everything. The carved iconostasis in the shape of a triumphal arch has also been preserved.

It’s probably no coincidence that the church dedicated to the city’s heavenly patron never closed and remained the only functioning church during the Soviet years. Surviving shrines and icons from all over Uglich were brought here. In 1989, the relics of the holy noble Uglich prince Roman in a silver shrine were donated to the temple. He was the third Uglich prince and on the princely throne he was elevated by virtues and piety to the rank of locally revered saints. The relics were found in 1495. In 1595 there was his general glorification. In 1611, during the Polish-Lithuanian intervention, the relics suffered from a fire and, along a luminous pillar above them, were rediscovered from the ashes. Since 1930 they were in the Uglich Museum.

On September 9, 2010, the city of Uglich and the Temple of Tsarevich Dmitry “on the field” were visited by His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus'.