Express test for fathers and children. Who calls whom “a retired man” and “a ladybug.” To whom is the dedication of the novel “Fathers and Sons” addressed?

Outstanding Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy, in perhaps his most grandiose work, “War and Peace,” devotes enormous space to historical military events and real historical figures. They act not only as markers of the era and structurally necessary characters, but also as the focus of the novel’s ideas. Such a figure, in particular, is M.I. Kutuzov, commander-in-chief of the Russian army.

If you pay attention to the appearance that is described in the work, then Mikhail Illarionovich will seem to the reader like some kind of simple fat old man: “a plump face disfigured by a wound,” an inappropriate “eagle nose” on it, “a huge body, with a stooped back,” “ fat neck” and “plump old hands” - all this creates an unflattering picture. But we all know that appearance is not the main thing, and this is fully confirmed by the example of the commander.

His plump face with a leaky eye and a scar “became lighter and brighter from the senile gentle smile that wrinkled like stars in the corners of his lips and eyes,” and therefore no longer seemed at all unpleasant. The light of kindness that Kutuzov kept within himself defeated external plainness. We see this feeling in Mikhail Illarionovich already in the episode of the review in Barnau. The commander, conducting a review, looks at the soldiers with fatherly attention and a kind heart. He arranged this review not to drill the military, but to take care of them as if they were his sons, to try to protect them from losses, to prove to the foreign command their unpreparedness.

Kutuzov is calm in any situation and carries himself without unnecessary ceremony, simply. He is not ashamed of his obesity and awkwardness, is not embarrassed if he accidentally falls asleep at meetings, and with his whole appearance he looks more like a simple soldier than a commander shining in glory. In this he is close to a simple peasant peasant who lives without embellishment, but conceals true great wisdom in his soul.

Mikhail Illarionovich demonstrates this wisdom at the most crucial moments for the Russian army. So, on the eve of the decisive Battle of Borodino, Kutuzov does not invent brilliant tactics or maneuvers, he simply “will not interfere with anything useful and will not allow anything harmful. He understands that there is something more significant than his will...” The commander-in-chief conveys his inner strength and calmness to all his subordinates, who in the end were able to win at least not a physical, but a moral victory over the French and even achieve, so to speak, a draw.

But Kutuzov fulfilled his main purpose, accomplished thanks to his fearless, calm wisdom, by deciding to leave Moscow to the French. You had to be a truly strong and brave person to take such a seemingly crazy step. But this reflected his national strength, his national character - he saved the destinies of people, their lives - the greatest value on earth.

Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov remained in the history of Russia as one of the greatest commanders, having served his Motherland gloriously, but his human image was captured precisely by L.N. Tolstoy, and it is this image that makes Mikhail Kutuzov closer and more valuable to the entire Russian people.

Test based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

Option 1.

1. “To accurately and powerfully reproduce the truth, the reality of life, is the highest happiness for a writer, even if this truth does not coincide with his own sympathies.” Who does I. S. Turgenev sympathize with:

1) Democratic revolutionaries. 2) Commoners. 3) Liberals. 4) Monarchists.

2 What is Bazarov’s future specialty.1) engineer, 2) doctor 3) teacher 4) military

3. Whose portrait is this?: “... a tall man, in a long robe with tassels... a bare red arm... a lazy but courageous voice,” a face “long and thin, with a wide forehead...”?

4. Whose portrait is this?: “...a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots... He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver...”?

1) Father of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. 2) Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov.

3) Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov. 4) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

5. Whose portrait is this?: “...It was a young woman of about twenty-three, all white and soft, with dark hair and eyes, with red, childishly plump lips and tender hands. She was wearing a neat cotton dress; the new blue scarf lay lightly on her round shoulders?

1) Fenechka. 2) Avdotya Nikitishna Kukshina, “emancipated woman.” 3) Landowner Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. 4) Katya, Odintsova’s sister.

6. The disputes between the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” were conducted around various issues that worried the social thought of Russia. Find the odd one out:

1) On the attitude towards the noble cultural heritage. 2) About art, science.

3) About the system of human behavior, about moral principles.

4) About the situation of the working class. 5) About public duty, about education.

7. Giving a general assessment of the political content of “Fathers and Sons,” I. S. Turgenev wrote: “My whole story is directed against...” (choose the correct one).

1) The proletariat as an advanced class. 2) The nobility as an advanced class.

3) The peasantry as an advanced class. 4) Revolutionary democrats as the advanced class.

8. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” can be called a “little man”:

1) Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov. 2) Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. 3) Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov.

4) Fenechka.

9. In what circles of Russian society does E. Bazarov place his hopes?: 1) Peasantry.2) Noble aristocracy.3) Russian patriarchal nobility. 4) The intelligentsia.

10. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” corresponds to the given characteristics:

1) A representative of the young noble generation, quickly turning into an ordinary landowner, spiritual limitations and weakness of will, superficiality of democratic hobbies, a tendency to eloquence, lordly manners and laziness.

2) An opponent of everything truly democratic, an aristocrat admiring himself, whose life has been reduced to love and, unfortunately, about the passing past, an esthete.

3) Uselessness and inability to adapt to life, to its new conditions, the type of “outgoing nobility”.

4) Independent nature, not bowing to any authority, nihilist.

a) O Evgeny Bazarov b) Arkady Kirsanov c) Pavel Petrovich d) Nikolai Petrovich

11. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wrote: “He did not experience, like Onegin and Pechorin, an era of idealization and sympathetic exaltation.” Why was Bazarov negatively received by both the progressive magazine Sovremennik and liberal and democratic circles:

1) Because of its extremes, unacceptable for some and futile for others.

2) Because of the atypical character and time.

3) Because of the hero’s attitude towards the people and his role in the democratic movement.

4) Because of differences in the question of the paths of the liberation movement.

12. Why E. Bazarov was especially distant from the author of the novel:

1) Misunderstanding of the role of the people in the liberation movement.

2) Nihilistic attitude towards the cultural heritage of Russia.

3) Exaggeration of the role of the intelligentsia in the liberation movement.

4) Separation from any practical activity.

13. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons”: “... dreamed that in the biography of his son there would be the phrase: “the son of a simple staff doctor, who, however, managed to figure him out early and spared nothing for his upbringing "? 1) Governor of the city***. 2) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. 3) Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. 4) Bazarov's father.

14. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” “...called Bazarov predatory, and Arkady Kirsanov tame”? 1) Fenichka. 2) Katya, Odintsova’s sister. 3) Avdotya Nikitishna Kukshina. 4) Landowner A. S. Odintsova.

15. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” ... “stands up for the peasants”, but “when talking to them ... frowns and sniffs cologne”?

1) Governor of the city***. 2) Son of the tax farmer Sitnikov. 3) Evgeny Bazarov. 4) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

16. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” ... gives the following characterization to another: “Your brother, a nobleman, cannot go beyond noble humility or noble boiling, and this is nothing... You are a glorious fellow; but you’re still a soft, liberal gentleman...”?

1) P.P. Kirsanov - Bazarov. 2) Kukshina - Sitnikov. 3) Peasants - to Bazarov. 4) Bazarov - Arkady.

17. Find the correspondence between the characters in the novel and their social status:

1) “Emancipe”. 2) Russian aristocrat. 3) Regimental doctor. 4) Baric student. 5) Democratic student

A) Evgeny Bazarov B) Kukshina C) V.I. Bazarov D) Arkady Kirsanov D) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov

18. What moment in the biography of Evgeny Bazarov became a turning point in his awareness of his personality:

1) Love for Odintsova. 2) Breakup with Arkady. 3) Dispute with P. P. Kirsanov. 4) Visiting parents.

Answers to the test based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

1 - 1 2 - 2 3 - 3 4 - 4 5 - 1 6 - 4 7 - 2 8 - 1 9 - 4

Answers to test option 1

10 - 1b, 2c, 3d, 4a 11 - 1 12 - 2 13 - 4 14 - 4 15 - 4 16 -4 17 - 1b, 2d, 3c, 4d, 5a 18 - 1

Creativity test I.S. Turgenev. Novel "Fathers and Sons".

Option 2.

1. To whom is the dedication of the novel “Fathers and Sons” addressed:

1) A.I. Herzen. 2) V. G. Belinsky. 3) N. A. Nekrasov. 4) Pauline Viardot.

2. Which hero of the novel is essentially the exponent of the author’s point of view?

1) P.P. Kirsanov 2) E. Bazarov 3) N.P. Kirsanov 4) A.S. Odintsova

3. The basis of the conflict in the novel “Fathers and Sons” is:

4. Whose portrait is this?: “... a gentleman of about forty years old, in a dusty coat and checkered trousers... we see him in the month of May 1859, already completely gray-haired, plump and slightly hunched, he is waiting for his son, who, like himself once, received the title candidate"?

1) Father of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. 2) Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov.

3) Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov. 4) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

5. Whose portrait is this:“He was always fussing and in a hurry; in the morning he put on a tight uniform and an extremely tight tie, didn’t eat enough and didn’t drink enough, was in charge of everything”?

1) Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov. 2) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. 3) Governor of the city***. 4) Son of the tax farmer Sitnikov.

6. Whose portrait is this?: “...a man of short stature, in a Slavophile Hungarian dress... An alarming and dull expression was reflected in the small, however pleasant, features of his sleek face...”? 1) Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov. 2) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. 3) Governor of the city***. 4) Son of the tax farmer Sitnikov.

7. Whose portrait is this?: “On a leather sofa there was a lady reclining, still young, blond, somewhat disheveled, in a silk, not very neat dress, with large bracelets on her short hands, with a lace scarf on her head...”?

1) Fenechka. 2) Avdotya Nikitishna Kukshina, “emancipated woman.”

3) Landowner Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. 4) Katya, Odintsova’s sister.

8. Which of the characters in the novel owns the words: “We know approximately why physical illnesses occur, and moral illnesses arise from bad upbringing... from the ugly state of society, in a word, correct society, and there will be no illnesses.”

1) Arkady Kirsanov. 2) N. P. Kirsanov. 3) E. V. Bazarov. 4) P. P. Kirsanov

9. “Bazarov” wrote a critical article:

1) I. S. Turgenev. 2) V. G. Belinsky. 3) A. I. Herzen. 4) D. I. Pisarev.

10. Typing is:

1) The image of the general through the individual, i.e. the combination of the characteristic and the individual in a single artistic image.

2) A frequently recurring nature or situation that is widespread.

3) Literary experience in creating an artistic world, accumulated by many generations of authors.

11. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” “...lived very well and quietly: they almost never parted, read together, played four hands on the piano, sang duets; she planted flowers and watched the poultry yard, he occasionally went hunting and did housework”?

1) Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov and his first wife. 2) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Princess R..

3) Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov and Fenechka. 4) Bazarov and Odintsova.

12. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” “... having fallen in love with a woman with a mysterious look, lived for ten years “colorless, fruitless and quickly”, gradually grew old, remained single and began to live in the village, “he settled his whole life on English taste"?

1) Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. 2) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

3) Chairman of the city treasury chamber***. 4) Viktor Sitnikov, son of a tax farmer.

13. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” “... extremely loved nature, especially on a summer day when, in his words, “every bee takes a bribe from every flower”?

1) Father of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. 2) Governor of the city***.

3) Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov. 4) Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

14. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons”: “... groveled before his wife only because she was born Princess Durdolesova”?

1) Father of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. 2) Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov.

3) Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov. 4) Son of the tax farmer Sitnikov.

15. Which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons”: “...claimed that “all people are similar to each other, both in body and soul... small changes do not mean anything”?

1) Fenechka. 2) Governor of the city***.

3) Son of the tax farmer Sitnikov. 4) Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov.

16. People close to Evgeny Bazarov in spirit are called:

17. Determine which of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” belongs to the given “words and catchphrases”:

1) “The scientists there”, “others will say the truth, I agree”, Latin words, “you, tea, have heard...”.

2) “...Without self-esteem,” “there is no solid foundation for the social,” “principles” and French words, “I want to prove it.”

A) Pavel Petrovich. B) Evgeny Bazarov

18. When creating a novel, I. S. Turgenev widely uses the technique of antithesis. What does this term mean:

1) Confrontation between the characters of a literary work.

2) A doctrine that places man at the center of the universe, considering man to be the “crown of nature.”

3) Artistic contrast of characters, circumstances, concepts, phenomena, compositional elements.

Answers to the test based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

Answers to test option 2

Description of the landscape, characteristics of the characters through their relationship to nature - all this occupies a large place in the works of Turgenev. Love for nature and frequent references to it in his works made the author an expert in landscape characterization. Speaking about nature in the novel "Fathers and Sons", first of all the reader will remember the forest or, more specifically, the tree. And this makes sense, because some of the novel’s characters are directly related to the forest and trees.

There will be no doubt about the statement that many of the heroes of Fathers and Sons are zoomorphic. For example, Bazarov directly calls Nikolai Petrovich a ladybug, and Fenechka is a cat in Bazarov’s dream. And what about Bazarov himself? It is already more difficult to compare it with any animal. Perhaps he compares himself with a frog, believing that all people are the same as a frog. Speaking about Bazarov, it must be said that he is probably the only hero who has talismans. And here nature shows its influence, to which Bazarov is indifferent, even with cynicism: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” But it was nature that gave him one of his talismans - the aspen. But aspen is a very unusual tree, it absorbs energy, and criminals have even been hanged on it. Why did the aspen tree become Bazarov’s talisman? Perhaps because Bazarov himself looks like an aspen. In conversations with him, many were lost, embarrassed, not knowing how to behave; it was as if he was taking energy from the people who communicated with him. This was probably the reason why Arkady Kirsanov followed Bazarov, although he was not a nihilist at heart. But at the same time, there is a version that the cross of Christ was made from aspen, that is, there is a positive principle in aspen. And, of course, one cannot deny the positive qualities of Bazarov as an intelligent and sufficiently educated person. Bazarov is a frog, but only she can turn to God.

Bazarov’s words that not a single botanist would consider each birch tree separately became an aphorism. And Bazarov said this, comparing birches with people. His own life convinced him otherwise. He met such an unusual, slightly mysterious woman as Odintsova, and fell in love with her, although before meeting Odintsova he spoke contemptuously about women, saying that only a freak thinks freely between women. But the birch, with which he compared people, is a tree that gives off energy, unlike aspen.

Another bright character in “Fathers and Sons” is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. And if we compare Bazarov to an aspen tree, then Pavel Petrovich is a forest. The forest consists of human trees, which is partly in its favor, partly not. Pavel Petrovich is a fairly strong man, but still he could not overcome himself when he met Princess R. It is in the forest that ladybugs live, and you can find a cat and a frog there. Therefore, probably, Pavel Petrovich as a result begins to understand Bazarov, because the frog is Bazarov’s talisman. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich have more similarities than differences, and this is confirmed by the fact that the frog lives in the forest. And also Bazarov is both a worm and an eagle, and Pavel Petrovich is both the Apostle Paul and the “little one”.

We also see the tree motif during Arkady Kirsanov’s meeting with Katya Odintsova. They sat under an ash tree, which promoted their love and protected them. They probably felt this and that’s why they met there.

In the scene under the haystack, when Bazarov and Arkady were resting there, there is a tree motif. A maple leaf is falling. And the maple leaf resembles a cross and takes on the meaning of the key to life, turning to God.

And at the turning point of the novel - the duel - there is also a tree motif: the duel took place behind a grove, this grove hid the duelists, and no one guessed what actually happened between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.

Bazarov, who had mocked beauty all his life, at the end of his life wondered why he lived, did Russia need him? Love and nature defeated his coldness and indifference, and above his grave we see two beautiful Christmas trees, planted by caring hands! his parents.

The motif of the forest and the tree can be traced throughout almost the entire novel and is of no small importance. This is both a means of characterizing characters and a means of expressing the author’s position. It takes great skill to make seemingly small details significant. And Turgenev, possessing this gift, put an undeniable importance and necessity into the descriptions and mentions of forests and trees.

In the novel, the main opponent in his ideological disputes.

Life story

Pavel Petrovich was brought up in the page corps. Having become an officer, he enjoyed great success in the world: Kirsanov was self-confident, mocking and “amusingly bilious.” Women liked him, easily had affairs, and aroused the envy of men. At twenty-seven he was already a captain and had a brilliant career ahead of him. And suddenly everything changed. A woman appeared in St. Petersburg society who became fatal for Kirsanov.

Pavel Petrovich fell passionately in love with Princess R., who was known in the world as a frivolous coquette. However, love did not bring Kirsanov happiness: having initially reciprocated his feelings, Princess R. soon lost interest in him. However, this obstacle did not stop the hero. For many years he tried to maintain this relationship; for many years this withering, debilitating passion did not give him peace.

Having become painfully attached to Princess R., Kirsanov could never understand her; he was struck by her strangeness, imbalance, something cherished and inaccessible” in her soul, where no one could penetrate. After tender meetings, he felt only “tearing and bitter disappointment” in his heart. Having parted with Princess R., Kirsanov tried to live his old, familiar life, but he could no longer get back into the old rut. He grew old, turned grey, and no longer thought about novels. Soon Pavel Petrovich and his brother settled in Maryino. At the end of his life he moved to Dresden, where he lived out his life alone.

Kirsanov has a number of advantages: he is intellectual, insightful, noble, has a strong-willed character (Pavel Petrovich does not have a truly strong-willed character - his high liberal principles about freedom and equality remain in words (although who said that a person with a strong-willed character must be a liberal?), but in terms of the strength of his character he is truly a worthy rival to Bazarov).

Literature

E.V. Amelina Preparing for the literature exam -: Onyx 21st century, 2005. - 0 p. ISBN 5-329-01102-7

see also

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2010.

See what “Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov” is in other dictionaries:

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov in the role of Pavel Kirsanov Creator: I. S. Turgenev Works: “Fathers and Sons” Gender: male Nationality: Russian Role played by: Evgeny Pavlov ... Wikipedia The central character of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” (1862). P.P. Kirsanov, along with his brother Nikolai Petrovich, is a representative of centuries-old noble culture. Personality of P.P. no less contradictory than the personality of the “new...

Literary heroes Kirsanov, Pavel Petrovich ("Fathers and Sons") - See also 2) According to Antonovich, K. is still not as empty and limited as Pavel Petrovich; all the same, her thoughts are turned to objects more serious than fezzes, ties, collars, potions and baths; and she apparently neglects this. She… …

Dictionary of literary types Kirsanov, Pavel Petrovich ("Fathers and Sons") - See also 2) According to Antonovich, K. is still not as empty and limited as Pavel Petrovich; all the same, her thoughts are turned to objects more serious than fezzes, ties, collars, potions and baths; and she apparently neglects this. She… …

Latin Produc. forms: Pavlik, Pashka, Pasha, Pavlusha, Pashenka, Pakha, Pashok, Pavlyan, Pashulya Foreign analogues: English. Paul Arm. Պողոս belor. Paval, Pauluk bolg ... Wikipedia

Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov Creator: I. S. Turgenev Works: “Fathers and Sons” Gender: male Nationality: Russian Family: brother ... Wikipedia Laureates of the Stalin Prize for outstanding inventions and fundamental improvements in production methods - Stalin Prize for outstanding inventions and fundamental improvements in methods production work is a form of encouragement for citizens of the USSR for significant services in the technical development of Soviet industry, the development of new technologies, modernization... ... Wikipedia

1. What was the idea behind the novel Fathers and Sons? How was the socio-political struggle of the 60s of the 19th century reflected in it? In this case, did the writer’s intentions and the objective meaning of his work coincide?

“My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class,” argued I. S. Turgenev. In Bazarovo he pictured an extraordinary, titanic figure, growing from the soil of the people, but lonely and therefore doomed to death. The author conceived the main conflict of the novel as a conflict of ideologies: the moderate liberal position of the “fathers” and the extreme left views of nihilists (read revolutionaries, the author notes). The writer wanted to show the triumph of democracy over the aristocracy, but was sure of the defeat of the revolutionaries. Therefore, he categorically objected to the revolutionary conclusions made by Dobrolyubov after reading Fathers and Sons, and because of this he broke with his dear Sovremennik. The writer, who served “the revolution with the heartfelt meaning of his works” (from the proclamation of the People’s Volunteers), turned out to be wrong: the objective meaning of his novel outgrew the concept and turned out to be broader and more convincing than Turgenev had imagined.

2. What is the main conflict in Fathers and Sons? Does the novel show the struggle of two generations or two ideologies?
3. Which of the characters in the novel immediately attracts attention and evokes sympathy? Who can be called a hero of his time? Why do you think so?
4. What does the generation of “fathers” (the Kirsanov brothers, Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov) look like in Turgenev’s image? What do you think about their attitude towards the younger generation? Does the author sympathize with them or despise them?
5. What is the essence of ideological disputes between “fathers” and “children”? Whose side is Turgenev on?
6. Why do you think Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov became Bazarov’s main opponent? What does the duel scene characterize each of them?
7. What are Bazarov's views? What attracts (or repulses) him? Why does Turgenev show him alone not only in the camp of the “fathers”, but also among the “children”?
8. Prove that Bazarov is a fighter and thinker. What is the essence of Bazarov's nihilism? Does he have the moral right to call himself self-destructive?

Bazarov has the character of a fighter. He never backs down in disputes with ideological opponents, does not change his beliefs, most often developed through experience. His aphorisms, often controversial, are the result of a lot of mental work. Bazarov’s nihilism is not denial for the sake of denial, but a firm conviction that “science “in general” does not exist at all,” that one must look at everything critically, check the results of one’s research in the laboratory, etc. Bazarov is confident that “everyone a person must educate himself,” and cites himself as an example. He has the right to call himself “self-deluded” because he never gives in to his weaknesses and fearlessly defends what he considers true.

9. How does Bazarov feel about his parents? Why can’t there be spiritual intimacy between them?
10. It is known that the test of love is a difficult exam for Turgenev’s heroes. How does Bazarov reveal himself in love? How does Turgenev show the sincerity and strength of his hero’s feelings? Is Anna Sergeevna Odintsova worthy of his love?
11. “To die the way Bazarov died is the same as having accomplished a great feat.” Do you agree with this opinion of D.I. Pisarev? Why do you think the novel ends with the picture of Bazarov’s death? How does D.I. Pisarev answer this question? Why did Turgenev call Bazarov a “tragic face”?
12. What is the role of landscape in Fathers and Sons?
13. Why does Arkady belong to the camp of the “fathers”?

Arkady in the epilogue “has become a zealous owner,” his “farm brings in significant income.” This suggests that the influence

14. How are the ideological views of the characters revealed in the novel “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev?

Bazarov quickly disappeared - after all, Arkady, despite the search for a social ideal outside the ideology of the nobility, remained a “liberal gentleman.” He is the keeper of the traditions of the “fathers” not only in relation to culture. The ideological views of the heroes of I.S. Turgenev are most fully revealed in the disputes between the Kirsanovs and Bazarov.

15. Describe the portrait of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is an aristocrat, which is emphasized by his beautiful white hands “with long pink nails”, “English suit, fashionable low ties”, “amazing collars”. He speaks with emphasized refined politeness, slightly tilting his head.

16. Which principles of Bazarov cannot stand up to a dispute with life?

Bazarov's nihilistic attitude towards love is shattered by his own feelings for Odintsova. For the first time, he realizes that he is powerless to give up love for the sake of reason, that he becomes dependent on a woman whose words, glance, and manners arouse in him a storm of irresistible passions. After defeat in a love match, Bazarov loses optimism and comes to gloomy discussions about the insignificance of man in the face of eternity.

17. How do you understand the meaning of the word “nihilist”?

The concept of “nihilism” by I.S. Turgenev introduced into the Russian language as a designation for the system of views of “new people” who entered Russian public life from the late 50s of the 19th century. Nihilism is a simplified, crudely materialistic understanding of life, in which rational, experimental knowledge through the natural sciences is brought to the fore, religion, art, beauty, and morality are denied as useless in society. “We act because of what we recognize as useful. At the present time, the most useful thing is denial - we deny.”

18. What is the weakness of Bazarov’s position?Material from the site

    The weakness of Bazarov's position lies in the total denial of everything that goes beyond the scope of empirical knowledge: art, the beauty of nature, love, religion. Life itself shatters his rejection of love. His materialism is superficial and crude, identifying physiology and morality (“each of us has a brain, spleen, heart, and lungs that are constructed in the same way,” which means that we all have the same “moral qualities”). Bazarov has no loyal supporters, he is alone, and therefore doomed.

19. Why does I. S. Turgenev end Bazarov’s line with the death of the hero?

I. S. Turgenev believed that the “Russian Insarovs” had come, but their time had not come. Bazarov is a premature person who does not have a close social perspective, which is why he had to die.

20. What is the meaning of the title of the novel “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Tour-geneva?

The name has a double meaning: the confrontation between two social forces - liberal nobles (“fathers”) and commoner democrats (“children”); the eternal contradiction of generations.

21. What details of the portrait emphasize Bazarov’s democracy?

I.S. Turgenev emphasized Bazarov’s democracy in his appearance. His face “long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat upward, pointed nose downward, large greenish eyes and hanging sand-colored sideburns, was enlivened by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence.” He dresses simply and pointedly casually - in a “long robe with tassels”, and his hands are “red and naked”, never wearing gloves.

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