"Ordeal by Death". Illness and death of Bazarov. Analysis of the death episode. The symbolic meaning of Bazarov's death Exposition on the topic of Bazarov's death

Bazarov in the face of death is one of the most striking images created by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev in his famous work “Fathers and Sons.” This work became iconic for the generation that grew up in the 60s of the 19th century. Many perceived this hero as an ideal, a role model.

Roman Turgeneva

Bazarov appears in the face of death at the very end of this novel. Its actions take place in 1859, on the eve of the peasant reform, which forever abolished serfdom in Russia. The main characters are Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. These are young people who come to stay at the Maryino estate with Arkady’s father and uncle. Bazarov develops a difficult and tense relationship with the older Kirsanovs, as a result of which he is forced to move away from them. Arkady, carried away by his comrade, follows him. In the provincial city they find themselves in the company of progressive youth.

Later, at the governor’s party, they meet Odintsova, perhaps the main female character in the novel. Bazarov and Kirsanov go to her estate called Nikolskoye. Both of them are infatuated with this woman. Bazarov even confesses his love to her, but this only scares Odintsova. Evgeniy is forced to leave again. This time again, together with Arkady, he goes to his parents. They love their son too much. Bazarov soon frankly gets tired of this, so he returns to Maryino. There he develops a new hobby - the girl's name is Fenechka. They kiss, and it turns out that Fenechka is the mother of Arkady’s father’s illegitimate son. All this leads to a duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, Arkady's uncle.

Meanwhile, Arkady himself goes alone to Nikolskoye and stays with Odintsova. True, he is not interested in the mistress of the estate, but in her sister, Katya. Bazarov also comes to Nikolskoye. He explains to Odintsova and apologizes for his feelings.

Fates of heroes

The novel ends with Bazarov, having said goodbye to his friend, leaving for his parents. He helps his father in a difficult task - treating people with typhus. During the operation, he accidentally cut himself while autopsying another deceased person and contracted a fatal infection.

Before his death, he asks Odintsova to see him one last time. The fate of the remaining characters is as follows: the progressive Pavel Petrovich goes abroad, Nikolai Petrovich marries Fenechka, and Arkady Kirsanov marries her sister, Katya Odintsova.

Problems of the novel

In Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons", Bazarov finds himself in the face of love and death. The author's decision to end his work with the death of the main character says a lot about the intention that the creator had. Turgenev's Bazarov dies in the finale. Therefore, it is so important to understand why the author treated him this way, why the description of this death is so important for understanding the meaning of the entire work. A detailed study of the episode dedicated to the death of the central character helps answer these questions. How does Bazarov find himself in the face of death? A summary of the novel's denouement can be found in this article.

Image of Evgeny Bazarov

Describing the main character of his work, the author notes that Bazarov was the son of a doctor. When he grew up, he decided to continue his father's work. The author himself characterizes him as an intelligent and cynical person. At the same time, somewhere inside, in the depths of his soul, he remains attentive, sensitive and kind.

Bazarov has a specific life position, which in subsequent years received a large number of adherents and supporters. Eugene denies any moral values of his contemporary society, as well as morality and any ideals. Moreover, he does not recognize any art, does not perceive love, which is sung by many poets, since he considers it pure physiology. At the same time, he does not recognize any authorities in life, believing that each person should focus only on himself, without following anyone.

Nihilism

Bazarov is a supporter of nihilism, but at the same time he differs from other young people who adhere to a similar philosophy, for example, from Kukshin or Sitnikov. For them, denial of everything around them is nothing more than a mask that helps hide their own inadequacy and callous, deep-seated vulgarity.

Bazarov is not at all like them. He does not prevaricate at all, defending his views with his characteristic ardor. He believes that the main thing for which a person should live is work that benefits the whole society. At the same time, Evgeniy treats most of those around him condescendingly, even despises many of them, placing them below himself.

Meeting with Odintsova

This philosophy of life of Bazarov, in the inviolability of which he was sure, changed radically after meeting with Odintsova. Bazarov truly falls in love for the first time, and after that he understands how much his beliefs diverge from the truths of life.

Collapse of ideals

The main character of Turgenev's novel feels that love is not only physiology, but also a real, strong feeling. An epiphany sets in, which changes a lot in the hero’s worldview. All his beliefs collapse, and after them his whole life loses its meaning. Turgenev could write about how this man abandons his ideals over time, turning into an average person. Instead, he puts Bazarov in the face of death.

It is worth recognizing that the death of the hero occurs stupidly and largely by accident. It is the result of a small cut that was received during the autopsy of a person who died of typhus. But at the same time, death was not at all sudden. Knowing that he was ill, Bazarov was able to appreciate what had been done and realize the extent of what he would never accomplish. It is remarkable how Bazarov behaves in the face of death. He doesn't look scared or confused. Instead, Evgeniy is strong, surprisingly calm and stoic, almost imperturbable. At these moments the reader begins to feel not pity for him, but sincere respect.

Death of Bazarov

At the same time, the author does not let us forget that Bazarov is still an ordinary person who is characterized by various weaknesses. No one perceives their death indifferently, which is why Evgeniy is openly worried. He constantly thinks about what he could still do, about the strength that is in him, but remains unspent.

At the same time, Bazarov remains ironic and cynical to the last in the face of death. Quote “Yes, go ahead, try to deny death. It denies you, and that’s it!” this only confirms it. Here, behind the hero’s irony, we can see the bitter regret of the passing minutes. In the last minutes of his life, he longs to meet his beloved woman, with whom he could not be together. Bazarov, in the face of death, asks Odintsova to come to him. She fulfills this desire.

On his deathbed, the main character softens towards his parents, realizing that in reality they have always occupied an important place in his life, shaped his essence and worldview. The way Bazarov looks in the face of death is probably what everyone would like to look like. He calmly analyzes everything he has done during his short but fruitful life, which he devoted to science, wanting to benefit his country. Death for the main character turns out to be not only the cessation of physical existence, but also a sign that Russia really does not need him. All his dreams of changing something end in virtually nothing. The physical death of the protagonist is preceded by the death of his views. Together with Bazarov, his genius dies, as well as his powerful character and sincere convictions.

Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 25 with in-depth study of individual subjects in the city of Rossoshi, Rossoshansky municipal district, Voronezh region

Subject:

Lesson developer:

Teacher of Russian language and literature

Ivleva L.E.

2012

Subject:

"The role of the episode of Bazarov's death in I.S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons"

“...And I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things, I won’t die, no matter what! There is a task, because I am a giant! And now the giant’s whole task is to die decently, although no one cares about this..”
I.S. Turgenev

Goals:

Leading students to answer the question: why does Turgenev end the novel with the death scene of the main character?
See the spiritual wealth and fortitude of Bazarov.
Clarify the features of the author's position in relation to the main character.
Through artistic analysis, come to a conclusion about the role of the episode in the novel.
Compare the students' conclusions with the opinions of critics.

During the classes

1. Report the topic of the lesson.

2. Working with text.

(Checking homework)

A selection of phrases and text that prove Bazarov’s loneliness, his doom in society.

First group.

Bazarov and the Kirsanov brothers (break for ideological reasons).

Chapter 10, 6 : – You are destroying everything “But you also need to build.”

- This is no longer our business. First you need to clear the place.

– I don’t understand how you can not recognize principles!

– At the present time, denial is the most useful thing.

Second group.

Bazarov and Odintsova (unrequited love).

Chapter 26: “apparently, Bazarov is right, curiosity, just curiosity, and love of peace, selfishness...;

Third group.

Kukshina and Sitnikov - Bazarov (vulgarity and insignificance).

Chapter 19: “I need rumors like this. It’s not for the gods to burn pots!”

Fourth group.

Bazarov and Arkady (denial of friendship - Arkady’s softness).

Chapter 26: “We say goodbye forever, and you know it yourself, you feel it, you’re a nice guy, but you’re still a soft, liberal gentleman.”

Fifth group.

Bazarov and parents (people of different generations, different development).

Chapter 21:

“I'll leave tomorrow. It’s boring, I want to work, but I can’t do it here.”
“He got bored with us. One is now like a finger, one!”

– Who does Bazarov consider himself close to? In whom he finds understanding, in his opinion (with the people).

- Is it really?

3. Reading creative works - miniatures “Bazarov and the People”.

(Individual homework)

Bazarov believes that he speaks the same language with the people, considers himself close to them. “My grandfather plowed the land.” However, he himself is a master for his men, and they do not understand and do not want to understand him.

Bazarov looks down on the people, in some places even despises them; with such feelings there can be no mutual understanding.

- So why does Turgenev condemn him to death?

(He considers him doomed. Two reasons: loneliness in society and the internal conflict of the hero. The author shows how Bazarov remains lonely.)

– But Turgenev does not just state death, he assigns special significance to the episode of death. Which? We will discuss this after reading the text.

4. Expressive reading of the episode.

5. Conversation. Episode analysis.

6. What qualities of Bazarov were revealed in the episode?

Chapter 27:

Courage. “I’m infected, and in a few days you’ll be burying me,” “I didn’t expect to die so soon,” “tomorrow my brain will retire.”
Willpower “He had not yet lost his memory and understood what was said to him; he was still struggling.” “I don’t want to be delusional,” he whispered, clenching his fists, “what nonsense!”
Convinced materialist. “After all, even the unconscious are given communion,” “don’t bother me” (refusal of confession). “Have you ever seen that people in my position do not go to the Elysees?”
Pity for parents. "Mother? Poor fellow! Did she feed someone with her amazing borscht?” “I’m not refusing, if it’s any consolation, but I don’t think there’s any need to rush yet?”
Strong love. The ability to admire, to love. “Magnanimous! Oh, how close, and how young, fresh, and clean she is in this nasty room! Live long, that’s best, and take advantage while there is time.”
Romanticism of science. What means of artistic expression does Turgenev resort to to show Bazarov’s romanticism?
Metaphors: half-crushed worm, giant, dying lamp.
Aphoristic.
Epithets: young, fresh, clean, dying.
Why is there such poetry in the hero’s speech? What can be said here about Turgenev’s position? Bazarov is a romantic at heart, but he believes that romanticism has no place in life now.
But life took its toll. Turgenev sees him as an unfulfilled poet, capable of the strongest feelings, possessing fortitude.
Quoting critics about the latest episode. (Individual homework)
“The whole interest, the whole meaning of the novel lies in the death of Bazarov... The description of Bazarov’s death is the best place in Turgenev’s novel; I even doubt that in all the works of our artist there was anything more remarkable.”
“To die the way Bazarov died is the same as having accomplished a great feat.”
DI. Pisarev

Conclusion:

Why does Turgenev end the novel with the death scene of the hero, despite his superiority over other heroes?

Bazarov dies from an accidental cut of his finger, but death, from the author’s point of view, is natural. Turgenev defines the figure of Bazarov as tragic and “doomed to death.”

Turgenev loved Bazarov very much and repeated many times that Bazarov was “clever” and a “hero”. The author wanted the reader to fall in love with Bazarov (but by no means Bazarovism) with his rudeness, heartlessness, and ruthless dryness.

Homework.

Write a creative work.

I option.

Episode analysis. Chapter 27, from the words “Bazarov suddenly turned around on the sofa...”

Option II.

Episode analysis. Chapter 27, from the words “She looked at Bazarov... and stopped at the door...”

Episode analysis.

Algorithm of work in the lesson.

The role of the episode of Bazarov’s death, analysis of the episode from the novel.

Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”.

Episode is a Greek word that has three interpretations: “Accident”, “Insertion”, “Stranger”. The explanatory dictionary distinguishes two meanings:

A case from one's life. Just an episode.
A part of a work that has independent meaning. Episode from the work. Thus, to analyze an episode, it is necessary to determine its boundaries. Having determined the topic, the main idea and the title, you can begin the analysis according to plan:

What part of the work does it occupy (i.e., its role in the composition)?
Condensed retelling. Name the first events (plot), the main event (climax), and the last event (denouement) of the incident, if they were not highlighted by the students during the transition of the plot.
Next, let's see how the episode is structured. An episode is an integral fragment of text, which implies the presence of an introduction (a message about revenge and the time of action) and a conclusion (consequence). Having defined the main part with the boundaries of the tie, divide it into parts (you can make a plan). Find out which part is the climax.
Let's ask the question: What qualities of the hero's character were revealed in the episode?
If you look at the entire work, what role does this incident (episode) play in the hero’s fate, what did it change or did not change in it, or could it?
If you look at the plot of the entire work, what is the role of the episode in the plot (is it the beginning, one of the passing events of the action, the climax, the denouement)?
Author's position. How does the author feel about the hero and what is happening? What words or expressions characterize the hero or what is happening? What is the author's assessment in them?
Features of the writer's language. You can pay attention to the language of the characters, the language of the author or narrator (if there is one). Vocabulary, neologisms, syntactic structure, aphorism and more.
What artistic techniques does the author use in this episode?
Thus, we come to the problematic of the episode, its connection with the artistic whole.

When working with an episode, the main attention should be paid to understanding its artistic features, in other words, to offer a path from artistic features to problems, and not vice versa. In other words, with this method of analysis, the student learns to “read” everything from the text, and not to illustrate with text provisions taken from unknown sources (at best, from the words of the teacher or from a textbook).

The novel “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev ends with the death of the main character. Understanding the reasons why the author completes his work in this way is possible through an analysis of the episode “Bazarov’s death.” “Fathers and Sons” is a novel in which the death of the main character is certainly not accidental. Perhaps such an ending speaks to the inconsistency of this character’s beliefs. So, let's try to figure it out.

Who is Bazarov?

Analysis of the episode of Bazarov's death is impossible without understanding what this character is like. Thanks to what is told about Eugene in the novel, we imagine an intelligent, self-confident, cynical young man who denies generally accepted moral principles and ideals. He considers love to be “physiology”; in his opinion, a person should not depend on anyone.

Subsequently, however, Turgenev reveals to us in his hero such qualities as sensitivity, kindness, and the ability for deep feelings.

Bazarov is a nihilist, that is, a person who denies all generally accepted values, including that he does not share the enthusiasm of amateurs. In his opinion, only that which brings practical benefit is significant. He considers everything beautiful to be meaningless. Evgeniy’s main meaning is “work for the benefit of society.” His task is “to live for the great purpose of renewing the world.”

Attitude towards others

An analysis of the episode of Bazarov’s death in Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” cannot be carried out without understanding how the main character’s relationships with the people who made up his social circle were built. It should be noted that Bazarov treated others with contempt; he put others lower than himself. This was manifested, for example, in the things he told Arkady about himself and his relatives. Affection, sympathy, tenderness - Evgeniy considers all these feelings unacceptable.

Lyubov Bazarova

Analysis of the episode of Bazarov's death requires mentioning that for all his disdain for sublime feelings, he, ironically, falls in love. His love is unusually deep, as evidenced by his explanation with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. Having realized that he is capable of such a feeling, Bazarov ceases to treat it as physiology. He begins to consider the existence of love possible. Such a change of views could not pass without a trace for Eugene, who lived by the ideas of nihilism. His old life is destroyed.

Bazarov's declaration of love is not just words, it is an admission of his own defeat. Eugene's nihilistic theories are shattered.

Turgenev considers it inappropriate to end the novel with a change in the views of the main character, but decides to end the work with his death.

Is Bazarov's death an accident?

So, in the finale of the novel, the main event is the death of Bazarov. Analysis of the episode requires remembering the reason why, according to the text of the work, the main character dies.

His life becomes impossible due to an unfortunate accident - a small cut that Bazarov received during the autopsy of the body of a peasant who died of typhus. Ironically, he, a doctor doing a useful job, cannot do anything to save his life. Knowing that he would die gave the protagonist time to evaluate his achievements. Bazarov, knowing about the inevitability of his death, is calm and strong, although, of course, being a young and energetic man, he regrets that he has so little time left to live.

Bazarov's attitude towards death and himself

Analysis of the episode of Bazarov's death is impossible without a deeper understanding of how the hero relates to the proximity of his end and death in general.

No person can calmly realize that the end of his life is approaching. Evgeniy, being a person who is certainly strong and self-confident, is no exception. He regrets that he did not complete his main task. He understands the power of death and speaks of the approaching final minutes with bitter irony: “Yes, go ahead, try to deny death. It denies you, and that’s it!”

So, Bazarov’s death is approaching. Analysis of the episode, which is one of the key ones in the novel, requires an understanding of how the character of the main character has changed. Evgeniy becomes kinder and more sentimental. He wants to meet his beloved, once again tell about his feelings. Bazarov treats his parents more gently than before, now understanding their importance.

Analysis of the episode of Bazarov's death shows how lonely the main character of the work is. He does not have a close person to whom he could convey his beliefs, therefore, his views have no future.

Understanding True Values

In the face of death they change. There comes an understanding of what is really important in life.

Analysis of the episode “The Death of Bazarov” based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev requires an understanding of what values the main character now considers true.

The most important thing for him now is his parents, their love for him, as well as his feelings for Odintsova. He wants to say goodbye to her, and Anna, not afraid of becoming infected, comes to Evgeniy. Bazarov shares his innermost thoughts with her. He comes to the understanding that Russia does not need him at all, she needs those who do ordinary work every day.

It is harder for Bazarov to come to terms with his death than for any other person, because he is an atheist and does not believe in life after death.

Turgenev ends his novel with the death of Bazarov. The principles by which the hero lived are destroyed. Bazarov did not have stronger, new ideals. Turgenev notes that it was his deep commitment to nihilism that destroyed the main character, which forced him to abandon the universal values that allow him to live in this world.

Leading students to answer the question: why does Turgenev end the novel with the death scene of the main character?
See the spiritual wealth and fortitude of Bazarov.
Clarify the features of the author's position in relation to the main character.
Through artistic analysis, come to a conclusion about the role of the episode in the novel.
Compare the students' conclusions with the opinions of critics.

Decor. Write down the topic of the lesson on the board: “The social doom of Bazarov.”

Bazarov and Kirsanov (struggle of ideas).
Bazarov and Odintsova (unrequited love).
Bazarov and parents (different upbringing, worldview).
Bazarov and Kukshina (vulgarity).
Bazarov and the people (misunderstanding).

During the classes

1. Message of the topic of the lesson
.
2. Working with text
.

(Checking homework)

A selection of phrases and text that prove Bazarov’s loneliness, his doom in society.

First group.

Bazarov and the Kirsanov brothers (break for ideological reasons).

Chapter 10, 6: – You are destroying everything “But you also need to build.”

- This is no longer our business. First you need to clear the place.

– I don’t understand how you can not recognize principles!

– At the present time, denial is the most useful thing.

Second group.

Bazarov and Odintsova (unrequited love).

Chapter 26:“apparently, Bazarov is right, curiosity, just curiosity, and love of peace, selfishness...;

Third group.

Kukshina and Sitnikov - Bazarov (vulgarity and insignificance).

Chapter 19:“I need rumors like this. It’s not for the gods to burn pots!”

Fourth group.

Bazarov and Arkady (denial of friendship - Arkady’s softness).

Chapter 26:“We say goodbye forever, and you know it yourself, you feel it, you’re a nice guy, but you’re still a soft, liberal gentleman.”

Fifth group.

Bazarov and parents (people of different generations, different development).

Chapter 21:

“I'll leave tomorrow. It’s boring, I want to work, but I can’t do it here.”
“He got bored with us. One is now like a finger, one!”

– Who does Bazarov consider himself close to? In whom he finds understanding, in his opinion (with the people).

- Is it really?

3. Reading creative works - miniatures “Bazarov and the People”.

(Individual homework)

Bazarov looks down on the people, in some places even despises them; with such feelings there can be no mutual understanding.

- So why does Turgenev condemn him to death?

(He considers him doomed. Two reasons: loneliness in society and the internal conflict of the hero. The author shows how Bazarov remains lonely.)

– But Turgenev does not just state death, he assigns special significance to the episode of death. Which? We will discuss this after reading the text.

4. Expressive reading of the episode.

5. Conversation. Episode analysis.

6. What qualities of Bazarov were revealed in the episode?

Chapter 27:

Courage. “I’m infected, and in a few days you will bury me,” “I didn’t expect to die so soon,” “tomorrow my brain will retire.”
Willpower “He had not yet lost his memory and understood what was said to him; he was still struggling.” “I don’t want to be delusional,” he whispered, clenching his fists, “what nonsense!”
Convinced materialist. “After all, even the unconscious are given communion,” “don’t bother me” (refusal of confession).
“Have you ever seen that people in my position do not go to the Elysees?”
Pity for parents. "Mother? Poor fellow! Did she feed someone with her amazing borscht?” “I’m not refusing, if it’s any consolation, but I don’t think there’s any need to rush yet?”
Strong love. The ability to admire, to love. “Magnanimous! Oh, how close, and how young, fresh, and clean she is in this nasty room!
Live long, that’s best, and take advantage while there is time.”
Romanticism of science. What means of artistic expression does Turgenev resort to to show Bazarov’s romanticism?
Metaphors: half-crushed worm, giant, dying lamp.
Aphoristic.
Epithets: young, fresh, clean, dying.
Why is there such poetry in the hero’s speech? What can be said here about Turgenev’s position? Bazarov is a romantic at heart, but he believes that romanticism has no place in life now.
But life took its toll. Turgenev sees him as an unfulfilled poet, capable of the strongest feelings, possessing fortitude.
Quoting critics about the latest episode.
(Individual homework)

Conclusion:

“The whole interest, the whole meaning of the novel lies in the death of Bazarov... The description of Bazarov’s death is the best place in Turgenev’s novel; I even doubt that in all the works of our artist there was anything more remarkable.”

“To die the way Bazarov died is the same as having accomplished a great feat.”

DI. Pisarev

Homework.

Why does Turgenev end the novel with the death scene of the hero, despite his superiority over other heroes?

I option.

Bazarov dies from an accidental cut of his finger, but death, from the author’s point of view, is natural. Turgenev defines the figure of Bazarov as tragic and “doomed to death.”

Option II.

Episode analysis.

Algorithm of work in the lesson.

The role of the episode of Bazarov’s death, analysis of the episode from the novel.

Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”.

Episode is a Greek word that has three interpretations: “Accident”, “Insertion”, “Stranger”. The explanatory dictionary distinguishes two meanings:

A case from one's life. Just an episode.
A part of a work that has independent meaning. Episode from the work. Thus, to analyze an episode, it is necessary to determine its boundaries. Having determined the topic, the main idea and the title, you can begin the analysis according to plan:

What part of the work does it occupy (i.e., its role in the composition)?
Condensed retelling. Name the first events (plot), the main event (climax), and the last event (denouement) of the incident, if they were not highlighted by the students during the transition of the plot.
Next, let's see how the episode is structured. An episode is an integral fragment of text, which implies the presence of an introduction (a message about revenge and the time of action) and a conclusion (consequence). Having defined the main part with the boundaries of the tie, divide it into parts (you can make a plan). Find out which part is the climax.
Let's ask the question: What qualities of the hero's character were revealed in the episode?
If you look at the entire work, what role does this incident (episode) play in the hero’s fate, what did it change or did not change in it, or could it?
If you look at the plot of the entire work, what is the role of the episode in the plot (is it the beginning, one of the passing events of the action, the climax, the denouement)?
Author's position. How does the author feel about the hero and what is happening? What words or expressions characterize the hero or what is happening? What is the author's assessment in them?
Features of the writer's language. You can pay attention to the language of the characters, the language of the author or narrator (if there is one). Vocabulary, neologisms, syntactic structure, aphorism and more.
What artistic techniques does the author use in this episode?
Thus, we come to the problematic of the episode, its connection with the artistic whole.

Trial by death. Bazarov will also have to go through this last test in parallel with his antagonist. Despite the successful outcome of the duel, Pavel Petrovich died spiritually long ago. Parting with Fenechka severed the last thread that tied him to life: “Illuminated by bright daylight, his beautiful, emaciated head lay on a white pillow, like the head of a dead man... Yes, he was a dead man.” His opponent also passes away.

There are surprisingly persistent references in the novel to an epidemic that spares no one and from which there is no escape. We learn that Fenechka’s mother, Arina, “died of cholera.” Immediately after Arkady and Bazarov arrived at the Kirsanov estate, “the best days of the year arrived,” “the weather was beautiful.” “True, cholera threatened again from afar,” the author says meaningfully, “but the residents of the ***…province managed to get used to its visits.” This time cholera “pulled out” two peasants from Maryino. The landowner himself was in danger - “Pavel Petrovich suffered a rather severe seizure.” And again the news does not amaze, does not frighten, does not alarm Bazarov. The only thing that hurts him as a doctor is the refusal to help: “Why didn’t he send for him?” Even when his own father wants to tell “a curious episode of the plague in Bessarabia,” Bazarov decisively interrupts the old man. The hero behaves as if cholera poses no danger to him alone. Meanwhile, epidemics have always been considered not only the greatest of earthly misfortunes, but also an expression of God's will. The favorite fable of Turgenev’s favorite fabulist Krylov begins with the words: “The fiercest scourge of heaven, nature’s horror - pestilence rages in the forests.” But Bazarov is convinced that he is building his own destiny.

“Every person has his own destiny! - the writer thought. - Just as clouds are first composed of the vapors of the earth, rise from its depths, then separate, become alienated from it and finally bring grace or death to it, so a cloud is formed around each of us.<…>a type of element that then has a destructive or salutary effect on us<…>. To put it simply: everyone makes their own destiny and it makes everyone…” Bazarov understood that he was created for the “bitter, tart, bogly” life of a public figure, perhaps a revolutionary agitator. He accepted this as his calling: “I want to tinker with people, even scold them, and tinker with them,” “Give us others!” We need to break others!” But what to do now, when previous ideas have been rightly questioned, and science has not answered all the questions? What to teach, where to call?

In “Rudin”, the insightful Lezhnev noticed which idol most likely “acts on young people”: “Give them conclusions, results, even if they are incorrect, but results!<…>Try to tell the youth that you cannot give them the full truth because you do not have it yourself.<…>, young people won’t even listen to you...>. It is necessary that you yourself<…>believed that you had the truth...” And Bazarov no longer believes. He tried to find the truth in a conversation with the man, but nothing happened. Too condescendingly, lordly and arrogantly, the nihilist turns to the people with a request to “explain their views on life.” And the man plays along with the master, appearing to be a stupid, submissive idiot. It turns out that it’s not worth sacrificing your life for this. Only in a conversation with a friend does the peasant relieve his soul, discussing the “clown of a pea”: “It is known, master; does he really understand?

What remains is work. Helping my father with a tiny estate consisting of several peasant souls. One can imagine how small and insignificant all this must seem to him. Bazarov makes a mistake, also small and insignificant - he forgets to cauterize the cut on his finger. A wound received from dissecting the decomposing corpse of a man. “A democrat to the core,” Bazarov intervened in the lives of the people boldly and self-confidently<…>, which turned against the “doctor” himself. So can we say that Bazarov’s death was accidental?

“To die the way Bazarov died is the same as having accomplished a great feat,” noted D.I. Pisarev. One cannot but agree with this observation. The death of Evgeny Bazarov, in his bed, surrounded by his relatives, is no less majestic and symbolic than the death of Rudin on the barricade. With complete human composure, briefly as a doctor, the hero states: “...My case is crappy. I’m infected, and in a few days you’ll be burying me...” I had to become convinced of my human vulnerability: “Yes, go and try to deny death. She denies you, and that’s it!” “It’s all the same: I won’t wag my tail,” declares Bazarov. Although “no one cares about this,” the hero cannot afford to sink - while “he has not yet lost his memory<…>; he was still struggling.”

The proximity of death for him does not mean abandoning his cherished ideas. Such as the atheistic rejection of God's existence. When the religious Vasily Ivanovich, “down on his knees,” begs his son to make confession and be cleansed of sins, he outwardly carefree replies: “There’s no need to rush yet...” He is afraid of offending his father with a direct refusal and only asks to postpone the ceremony: “After all, even the unconscious are given communion … I'll wait". “When he was unctioned,” says Turgenev, “when the holy myrrh touched his chest, one of his eyes opened and, it seemed, at the sight of the priest<…>, censer, candles<…>something similar to a shudder of horror was instantly reflected on the dead face.”

It seems like a paradox, but death in many ways frees Bazarov and encourages him to no longer hide his real feelings. Now he can simply and calmly express his love for his parents: “Who is crying there? …Mother? Will she feed anyone now with her amazing borscht?..” Affectionately teasing, he asks the grief-stricken Vasily Ivanovich to be a philosopher even in these circumstances. Now you can not hide your love for Anna Sergeevna, ask her to come and take his last breath. It turns out that you can let simple human feelings into your life, but at the same time not “fall apart”, but become spiritually stronger.

The dying Bazarov utters romantic words with which he expresses true feelings: “Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out...” For the hero, this is an expression of only love experiences. But the author sees more in these words. It is worth recalling that such a comparison came to Rudin’s lips on the verge of death: “...It’s all over, and there is no oil in the lamp, and the lamp itself is broken, and the wick is about to finish smoking...” In Turgenev, a tragically cut short life is likened to a lamp, like in the old poem:

Burned like a midnight lamp before the shrine of goodness.

As Bazarov passes away, he is hurt by the thought of his uselessness and uselessness: “I thought: I won’t die, no matter what! There is a task, because I am a giant!”, “Russia needs me... no, apparently I don’t!.. A shoemaker is needed, a tailor is needed, a butcher...” Likening him to Rudin, Turgenev recalls their common literary “ancestor,” the same selfless wanderer Don- Quixote. In his speech “Hamlet and Don Quixote” (1860), the author lists the “generic traits” of Don Quixote: “Don Quixote is an enthusiast, a servant of the idea, and therefore is surrounded by its radiance,” “He lives entirely outside himself, for his brothers, to exterminate evil, to counteract forces hostile to humanity.” It is easy to see that these qualities form the basis of Bazarov’s character. According to the largest, “quixotic” account, his life was not lived in vain. Let Don Quixotes seem funny. It is precisely this kind of people, according to the writer, who move humanity forward: “If they are gone, let the book of history be closed forever: there will be nothing to read in it.”