Lucius Emilius Paulus of Macedon. Emilius Paulus Lucius Emilius Paulus

Son of L. Aemilius Paulus, consul of 218 BC. e. (Plut. Paul. 2; Auc. Vir. Ill. 56, 1). Born around 228 BC. e. (Liv. XL 41, 1; Diod. XXX 20; Plut. Paul. 10). By 195 - three times military tribune and quaestor (CIL XI). In 194 he was appointed one of the triumvirs to found a colony in Croton (Liv. XXXIV 45, 5). In 193 he was elected curule aedile, winning the elections against twelve rivals; together with his colleague M. Lepidus, he condemned a number of cattle dealers for the abuse of public lands and, using the collected money, decorated the Temple of Jupiter; built two porticoes (Liv. XXXV, 10, 11-12; XXXIX 56, 4; Plut. Paul. 3; CIL XI). Around 192 he entered the college of augurs (Plut. Paul. 3; CIL VI 1304; XI). In 191, the Praetor of Further Spain, in 190-189 received proconsular powers there. Waged war with the Lusitanians; At first he was defeated at Likon and lost 6 thousand soldiers, but then he won a decisive victory and restored order in the province, while showing justice and selflessness. He was proclaimed emperor. (Liv. XXXV 24, 6; XXVII 2, 11; 46, 6-7; 57, 5; 58, 5; Plut. Paul. 4; ; VI 1304; XI).

In 189, Aemilius Paulus was included in a commission of ten legates to consider Asian affairs and conclude peace with King Antiochus. The commission was in conflict with the proconsul Gn. Manlius Vulson, who provoked a conflict with Antiochus and arbitrarily started a war with the Galatians. In 187, Paul, on behalf of the commission, opposed granting him a triumph (Liv. XXXVII 55, 7; XXXVIII 44-50)

Returning to Rome, Paul began to apply for the consulate, but lost the elections three times and achieved this position only in 182 (Liv. XXXIX 32, 6; 56, 4; Nep. Hann. 13, 1; Val. Max. VII 5, 3; Plut. 6; Cassiod. 56, 1; Both consuls were sent to Liguria and successfully conducted military operations there. In 181, their powers were extended, and Paul went on a campaign against the Ligurians-Ingavni. He completely conquered this people, destroyed their fortifications and captured their ships; upon returning to Rome he received a triumph (Liv. XL 1, 1; 16, 4; 25-28; 34, 7-11; Plut. Paul. 6; Frontin. Strat. III 17, 2; Auc. Vir. Ill. 56 , 1; CIL VI 1304;

After some time, he tried to achieve a second consulate, but failed and devoted himself to raising children (Plut. Paul. 6). In 171 he participated in the commission to investigate the extortion of Roman governors in Farther Spain, however, according to rumors, he himself prevented the conviction of the accused (Liv. XLIII 2).

He again put forward his candidacy for the consular elections in 168, yielding to the persistent requests of the Romans, who saw no other generals capable of successfully ending the war with the Macedonian king Perseus (Cic. Div. I 103; Liv. XLIV 17-19; Val. Max. I 5, 3; Chronogr. 354; Zon. IX 1304; Having made the necessary preparations for war, in the spring Paul sailed to Macedonia to join the Roman army stationed at Heracleion. With the help of a roundabout maneuver, he forced the Macedonian army to retreat to Pydna and there, on June 22, 168, he won a decisive victory. King Perseus fled to Samothrace, but soon surrendered to the Romans and was taken to Paul (Liv. XLIV 23-46; XLV 4-8; Diod. XXX 22, 23; Vell. I 9; Frontin. Strat. II 3, 20; Plut Paul. 12-27; Iustin. 6ff.; Eutrop. IV 20, 39; In 167 Paul remained in Macedonia as proconsul; traveled around Greece. Together with the commission of decemvirs, he settled affairs in Macedonia and Greece, satisfied the complaints of the Greek allied states and punished the supporters of Perseus. After the end of the proceedings, he organized great games. Then, at the head of the army, he went to Epirus, which supported Perseus in the war with Rome, and, in accordance with the order of the Senate, gave seventy cities to the soldiers for plunder, the inhabitants of which were sold into slavery (Polyb. XXX 15; Liv. XLV 17-18, 29 - 34; Diod. 8, 3ff.;

Aemilius Paulus returned to Italy at the end of 167 with enormous booty. His soldiers were dissatisfied with the commander's decision to completely transfer Perseus's treasury to the state and tried to prevent the appointment of his triumph. The triumph nevertheless took place on November 28-30, 167. The spoils in the Macedonian war were so great that from that time on the collection of tribute in Rome ceased (Polyb. XVIII 35, 4; Cic. Cat. IV 21; Mur. 31; Pis. 58 , 61; Fin. V 76; Diod. XXXI 9, 6; V 10, 2; CIL VI 1304;

In 164 Paul served as censor; when revising the list of senators and equestrians, he showed leniency (Diodor. XXXI 25; Val. Max. VII 5, 3; Plin. NH VII 214; XXVI 5; Plut. Paul. 38; Fest. p. 285; CIL VI 1304; XI) ; in 162 he was probably an interrex (CIL XI). He died in 160. His fortune was so small that to pay the dowry his wife had to sell real estate (Liv. Per. 46; Plut. Paul. 4; Dio Fr. 67; Auc. Vir. Ill. 56, 5).

Paul's first marriage was to Papiria, daughter of G. Papirius Mazon, consul of 231 BC. e.; had two sons from her, Kv. Fabius Maximus Emilianus and P. Cornelius Scipio Emilianus, who were given up for adoption to other families, and two daughters who became the wives of M. Portius Cato and Qu. Elia Tuberona. Around 183, for unknown reasons, Paul divorced his wife and remarried. From his second marriage he had a daughter, Emilia Tertia, and two sons, who died in 167 during his father's triumph. Thus, the Pauline family was left without heirs (Polyb. XXXII 14, 2; Cic. Fam. IV 6; Liv. XLV 40-41; Vell. I 10, 3; Val. Max. V 10, 2; Plut. Paul. 35. App. 19. Diod.

The future famous commander Lucius Aemilius Paulus* was born into a noble family. His father was elected consul of the republic in the year when the Second Punic War began and the Carthaginian commander Hannibal, crossing the Alps, invaded Italy. The fate of Rome hung in the balance.
Aemilius Paul's father died in the unfortunate battle of Cannae for the Romans (216 BC). The boy was left an orphan, and his childhood years passed during a difficult time of war for the country. But in the end, Carthage was defeated. Life began to get better.
Young Emilius Paul received an excellent education and upbringing. He grew up to be a direct, honest man who did not like loud words, boasting, lies and did not tolerate flattery. Emilius Paulus began to occupy government positions early - his origin helped his career, but his leadership abilities, and later his talent as a commander, also manifested themselves.
He carried out his duties - first as an aedile, then as a priest-augur - zealously and was distinguished by precision even in small things. To those who reproached him for being too scrupulous, he answered:
- Due to inattention to detail, concern for matters of paramount importance often disappears.
The military career of Aemilius Paulus began when he was still a young man serving as praetor. This was during the Syrian war. An uprising broke out in Spain, complicating the situation of the republic. The Senate instructed Aemilius Paulus to suppress the uprising, giving him broad powers. As a sign of the completeness of his power, he was awarded the insignia of the consul of the republic:

* The biography of Emilius Pavel was written based on an essay by B. M. Kogan (M., 1964).

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he was now accompanied by twelve lictors, and not six, as was customary for a praetor.
The uprising in Spain was quickly suppressed, and Aemilius Paulus returned to Rome as a liberator. The Syrian war was still ongoing.
King Antiochus III provided refuge to the Carthaginian commander Hannibal, the most implacable and dangerous enemy of Rome. Moreover, Hannibal became not only a guest, but an adviser to the king. He hatched plans to create an anti-Roman union of states, a new war and a new invasion of Italy. The hesitation of Antiochus III and the decisive actions of the Roman Republic prevented this plan from being realized. In 190 BC. e. the Syrian king was defeated. At the request of Rome, Antiochus had to hand over Hannibal, but the Carthaginian commander fled to Bithynia (Asia Minor), where a few years later he committed suicide to avoid Roman captivity.
While the Roman armies were fighting in the East, Aemilius Paulus returned from Spain victorious. Unlike other military leaders, he did not enrich himself during the Spanish campaign; his honesty impressed the Romans. A few years later, Aemilius Paulus was elected consul (182 BC). He led a campaign against the Ligurians, warlike tribes who lived in northwestern Italy. The Ligurians were engaged in sea robbery; their ships plied the Mediterranean Sea, interfering with trade and complicating the supply of the republic. In the fight against the Ligurians, the military leadership of Emilius Paul showed itself in all its brilliance. Despite the fivefold superiority of forces, the Ligurians were defeated and driven into their fortified cities. Emilius Paulus showed himself to be a wise statesman and diplomat. He offered the Ligurians mild peace terms, returned the captured cities, but deprived them of all their ships. Ligurian pirate raids ceased. The moderate peace terms were explained by the fact that the Roman Republic needed the Ligures as a barrier against the warlike Gauls who lived to the north.
Despite his successes, Aemilius Paulus was not elected consul for a second term and went into private life for some time. He raised his children, trying to give them an excellent education, while preferring Greek culture. Greek teachers of philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, as well as artists constantly lived in the house; experienced warriors and athletes taught his sons the art of war, horse riding, and hunting.
In 171 BC. e. A war began with Macedonia, where Perseus reigned. This was the third Macedonian War. The First Macedonian War (215-205 BC) was fought with King Phillip V, who was an ally of Hannibal. Rome won, but the Macedonian kingdom survived. The war with Carthage was not yet over, and the Roman Republic needed peace with Macedonia.
The Second Macedonian War (200-197 BC) also ended with the defeat of Philip V. This time Macedonia was forced

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was to abandon all her conquests, pay a large indemnity to Rome, hand over her entire fleet to the winner and limit the army to five thousand soldiers. King Philip V could not accept defeat and carefully prepared for a new war. He built secret camps for troops and weapons depots, collected food supplies, and accumulated funds. He also managed to circumvent the conditions of peace: every year he gathered four thousand soldiers, trained them and released them to call others to serve. This made it possible to accumulate a reserve of armed forces.
By the time the new war began, King Philip V was no longer alive. The king's eldest son, the talented, educated Demetrius, was to inherit the throne. But the second son, Perseus, an evil, treacherous man, slandered his brother, achieved his execution and became the heir. The death of his beloved son Demetrius hastened the death of Philip.
Perseus became king of Macedonia.
The new Macedonian king was a greedy, cowardly man,

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cruel and vindictive. He, like his predecessor, hated Rome and continued his father’s policies, but did not possess his talents. However, Philip V managed to prepare for the war so thoroughly that Perseus successfully started it and won several significant victories.
The Romans invaded Macedonia by land and sea. Perseus defeated the Roman land army, which lost several thousand soldiers killed and captured. Then the army of the Macedonian king attacked the Roman fleet and captured twenty warships with weapons and food. Many cargo ships were sunk. Roman attempts to invade Macedonia again were successfully repelled.
The Roman Senate was alarmed. The people were indignant. He accused his commanders of mediocrity, inability to fight, even cowardice. Rome was accustomed to victories: it defeated the Syrian king Antiochus III, twice defeated the Macedonian king Philip V, and finally crushed the power of Carthage, whose army was commanded by the greatest commander Hannibal. And now the insignificant Perseus is destroying the Roman legions and threatening the republic.
The Senate also feared that Perseus would raise the Greek cities against Rome. This would greatly complicate the situation of the republic.
However, the excessive stinginess and greed of the Macedonian king thwarted this alliance. When the Illyrian king Gentius broke with Rome, Perseus did not pay the promised money and did not provide him with any help. Gentius was defeated and expelled from Illyria. After this, the Greek cities refrained from further negotiations with the treacherous Perseus.
The Senate decided to appoint a new commander. The choice fell on the elderly Emilius Paul - he was already approaching sixty. Everyone remembered his father’s military merits and knew about the victories he had won in the past; his experience, prudence, and endurance were widely known.
At the next election (168 BC), Aemilius Paulus was elected consul of the republic. This was his second consulate, fourteen years after the first.
Emilius Paul addressed the people. He thanked for the trust placed in him and stated:
“I accepted the power of consul for the second time only because the Romans did not find another more experienced commander. If such a person is found, I will resignedly give way to him. For me, the main thing is the interests of the republic. But if the people entrust power to me, then all my orders must be carried out without the slightest objection. All the forces of the republic must be directed towards preparing for war...
The Romans rejoiced that a decisive and experienced commander became the head of the army. The speech of Emilius Paul instilled in the citizens faith in victory. Crowds of people escorted the consul home. At the entrance

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he was met by his little daughter Tertia. She cried loudly and through her tears said to her father:
- Our Perseus is dead!
The child was grieving for his beloved lap dog, whose name was Perseus.
Everyone considered these words a good omen.
- Good morning, daughter! - Emilius Paul exclaimed joyfully. - Let your words be a good sign!
Aemilius Paulus went to Greece to join the army. He safely passed obstacles and dangers and reached a camp located at the foot of the sacred Mount Olympus. The morale of the soldiers was undermined by failures, discipline was shaken. It was difficult to find food, especially water, which was scarce and had an unpleasant taste. The soldiers were thirsty. First of all, it was necessary to get fresh water. But where can I get it?
Emilius Paulus, looking at the bulk of Mount Olympus, covered with dense forest, noticed that bright green stripes stood out among the trees. He realized that there were springs gushing out from underground, the water of which flowed down without ever reaching the surface. He ordered wells to be dug at the foot of the mountain, which were soon filled with excellent water.
The Macedonian army was located on the other side of the slope of Olympus in a difficult-to-reach area, which was also heavily fortified. Perseus felt safe. His forces exceeded those of the Romans: forty thousand infantry and four thousand horsemen. Perseus chose a wait-and-see approach. He believed that time was on his side and the longer the war lasted, the more expenses Rome would incur. Eventually the Senate would refuse to give money for the war, and the Romans would be forced to return home. The king measured things by himself, believing that the Romans were as stingy as he was. Perseus did not understand that the Senate would stop at no expense to achieve victory.
Two armies stood opposite each other. It seemed that hostilities had come to a standstill. But Aemilius Paulus was not idle. He restored shattered discipline, sternly monitored the strict execution of orders, conducted combat exercises, and demanded that they closely monitor the enemy in order to avoid surprises. He ordered the sentries on night patrols to be without spears, believing that they would serve more vigilantly, fearing an enemy attack on them, unarmed.
Perseus, considering his position impregnable, did not act. Not wanting to waste money, he refused to pay a strong detachment of mercenaries, which abandoned the Macedonian camp and weakened Perseus's forces. So the king’s stinginess benefited the Romans.
The scouts reported to the consul that the gorge leading into the depths of Macedonia was considered impregnable by the enemy and was therefore guarded by a small detachment. Emilius Paulus ordered to occupy this gorge. Several thousand soldiers were led by Scipio, nicknamed Nasica

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(son-in-law of Scipio Africanus). The consul's eldest son, Fabius Maximus, also went with them. The Romans managed to deceive the enemy: they moved in one direction, and at night they sharply changed it and headed towards the gorge. A Cretan who had defected from the Roman camp warned Perseus that the Romans were bypassing him. Perseus was worried, but did not move.
The detachment of Scipio Nazica completed its task, and the Romans went behind enemy lines.
Perseus was threatened with encirclement. The frightened king gave the order to retreat. The Macedonians retreated to the city of Pydna, where it was decided to fight, using their superiority in strength. The field stretching out in front of Perseus's camp favored the actions of the famous Macedonian phalanx, the blow of which was then considered irresistible.
It was the second half of a warm June day. The Romans began to form into battle formation. The trumpets sounded. The detachment of Scipio Nazicus approached and joined the main forces.
Emilius Paul walked around the ranks of legionnaires. The consul was indecisive. He was afraid to attack the Macedonian phalanx, ready for battle.
Impatient young commanders hurried the commander, persuaded him not to hesitate and to attack the enemy as quickly as possible. The cautious Emilius Paulus replied:
- If I were as young as you, I would give the order to start the battle. But my experience, my victories give me the right to understand the possible consequences. It is impossible to attack a phalanx prepared for battle on the move.
And the consul gave the order to build a camp in order to withdraw the army there. After dinner, the Romans settled down to rest. Suddenly the full moon began to fade and gradually disappear. A total lunar eclipse has arrived. Usually superstitious, the Romans were not afraid this time. Aemilius Paulus warned the army in advance so that it would not take the eclipse for a bad omen. To finally calm the soldiers, the next morning the consul made abundant sacrifices to the gods.
The Macedonians and King Perseus were alarmed by the lunar eclipse; they considered it a bad sign.
In the afternoon of the next day, the Romans began to form battle formations. Emilius Paul walked around the ranks of the soldiers, placed them, and encouraged them. Soon the first battles with the Macedonians began. It became clear that the entire army of Perseus had entered the battle.
The mercenaries walked ahead. Tall Thracians shook heavy swords, sparkled with polished copper shields and filled the air with warlike cries. Just the sight of them inspired fear. Mercenaries from other tribes walked next to them. Then the famous Macedonian phalanx appeared. These were selected warriors in gilded armor and purple robes. The phalanx bristled with long spears - sarissas. She slowly approached

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to the Romans. Subsequently, Emilius Paul admitted that for a while he was gripped by fear...
The plain was filled with the shine of iron, the shine of copper and resounded with a menacing cry. Never before had a Roman commander seen such a terrifying sight. But he hid his feelings, remained outwardly calm and walked around the ranks of soldiers with a smile.
The battle was heating up. The Macedonians crushed several advanced Roman detachments and reached the first lines of legionnaires. Their long spears were already piercing the shields of the Romans, depriving them of mobility and the ability to use a sword that could not reach the enemy.
The battle became more and more fierce. Under the pressure of the phalanx, the Roman line moved back. Many lost heart. Aemilius Paulus also began to lose his composure, seeing the phalanx surrounded by a dense forest of spears, impregnable as a fortress, strong as a battering ram.
But military happiness is changeable.
The weakness of the phalanx was that it could move in close formation on level ground. And in front of the Roman camp there was a hill, and the plain was uneven.
Pursuing the Romans, the Macedonians hurried to go around the rugged field overgrown with bushes. Gaps appeared in the dense ranks of the phalanx, which became more and more frequent. Emilius Paul noticed this. He ordered the soldiers to break into these gaps and further disrupt the phalanx formation, striking both from the rear and from the flanks. The long spears of the Macedonians were losing their advantage. A little more, and the phalanx trembled and began to crumble.
The battle was fierce. Three thousand selected Macedonian warriors who continued to resist were exterminated. The rest took flight. The Romans gave chase. The massacre began. More than twenty-five thousand Macedonians died. Roman losses were insignificant - less than a hundred people.
Perseus did not take part in the battle and behaved unworthily. At the decisive moment of the battle, he did not move his cavalry. Then, without waiting for the end of the battle, he fled, leaving the troops to their fate.
By evening, the Romans stopped pursuing and returned to camp. They were met by slaves with torches. They led the warriors into brightly lit tents decorated with greenery. The camp celebrated the victory.
Thus ended the Battle of Pindus, which dealt a mortal blow to the great Macedonian kingdom.
For Emilius Paulus, the joy of victory was overshadowed. His beloved son Publius did not return to the camp. The father's grief was shared by the soldiers who loved the brave and affable young man. All night they searched for his body among the fallen. In the morning, when there was no longer any hope left, Publius and three comrades returned to the camp. The ardent young man became carried away in pursuit of the enemy and went so far from the camp that he came last. The son of Emilius Paul was destined

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glorious future. It was he who became the commander who became famous under the name of Scipio for the destruction of Carthage.
Perseus, guarded by his horsemen, fled to the ancient capital of Macedonia, Pella. With him were only his retinue and Cretan mercenaries. Perseus was depressed and confused. He was especially frightened when the surviving Macedonian warriors began to shower his horsemen with abuse, accusing him of cowardice and treason for not joining the fight at the decisive moment of the battle.
Those close to Perseus and the mercenaries who remained with him were held back not by loyalty to the king, but by the hope of a rich reward. Everyone knew about the countless treasures of the Macedonian king. However, Perseus remained true to his nature. He deceived his companions and did not pay them anything. He secretly sailed with his family on a small ship to the island of Samothrace. There he took refuge in the temple of the Dioscuri.
All of Macedonia was occupied by the Romans.
The whereabouts of Perseus soon became known to the victors. The Roman squadron approached the island of Samothrace. The commander of the fleet, Gnaeus Octavius, did not dare to violate the sacred inviolability of the temple, but took all measures so that the king could not escape again.
And Perseus was preparing to escape. He agreed with the owner of a small ship that he would take him on board with his family and treasures. This time it was Perseus who was deceived. The shipowner, having loaded the valuables, raised the sails and sailed, leaving the king on the shore. Perseus had no choice but to surrender to the Romans.
He boarded a Roman ship as a prisoner and soon appeared before Aemilius Paulus.
The recent ruler of Macedonia, in misfortune, could not behave with dignity. The passionate desire to live drowned out all other feelings in him. He fell on his face before Emilius Paul, crying and begging for mercy. The consul said reproachfully:
- Why do you belittle my victory with your shameful cowardice? The Romans respect the valor of the vanquished, but in their eyes there is nothing more contemptible cowardice!
Reaching out his hand, he picked up Perseus and handed him over to the guards.
The Consul thought deeply about the death of the great kingdoms and the vicissitudes of the fate of their rulers.
Macedonia was divided into four regions. Its fortresses were to be razed. It was forbidden to have an army. Recently, the still powerful Macedonia was turning into a weak state, completely dependent on Rome. Such was the inglorious end of the great power of Philip and Alexander.
The Roman Senate dealt harshly with the Macedonian allies
king Gentius's Illyrian possessions were divided. The Greek states, which showed sympathy for Perseus, were subjected to bloody reprisals: dozens of Epirus cities were plundered, their inhabitants sold into slavery.

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Aemilius Paulus diligently attended to the affairs of defeated Macedonia. As once in Spain, so now his selflessness has manifested itself. He did not even want to look at the piles of gold and silver that were taken from the captured royal treasuries.
Emilius Paulus was not very generous with rewards, which caused discontent among the soldiers. They believed that they received less than they deserved.
The victorious Roman army was returning to Italy. The consul sailed on the ship of the Macedonian king with sixteen rows of rowers. The ship was lavishly decorated with carpets, purple fabrics and rich weapons captured from the enemy.
Crowds of thousands greeted the victors and their commander. But the common people did not like Emilius Paul for his commitment to the aristocrats. The soldiers returning from the campaign also grumbled. This dissatisfaction was the reason why the triumph that Aemilius Paulus undoubtedly deserved did not immediately materialize.
Many opposed the triumph. The soldiers also joined those who voted against the triumph at the national assembly.
A number of prominent senators spoke out in defense of Aemilius Paulus's right to triumph and against depriving the winner of his legal honors. They ensured that the stands interrupted the voting that had begun to listen to the opinion of the senators.
One well-known former consul, Marcus Servilius, said that he considered Aemilius Paulus a great commander, and his victories amazing. “I am amazed,” he said, “that the Romans, while granting triumph to lesser victories, deny the rightful honors to the man who crushed the great empire of Philip and Alexander the Great. Romans! “- the speaker concluded, “it’s surprising that we have ungrateful scoundrels who prefer a commander who knows how to curry favor rather than command!”
This speech changed the mood. It was decided to give Emilius Paulus a triumph.
The celebrations took three days. Tens of thousands of people dressed in festive clothes filled the streets and squares of Rome. The doors of the temples were opened, wreaths were brought in, incense was smoked on the altars.
Throughout the first day of the triumph, until the evening, two hundred and fifty decorated chariots carried works of art captured from enemies - paintings, statues.
The second day, many carts loaded with expensive and beautiful Macedonian weapons passed through the streets. The weapons glittered in the sun, rang, colliding as they moved. It seemed that all these weapons were thrown randomly, but in reality special people skillfully arranged them. On top of shiny shields and armor lay helmets, leggings, quivers with arrows, naked swords, and

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all this seems to be pierced by Macedonian long spears - sarissas.
Behind the carts of weapons, three thousand men carried seven hundred and fifty jars of silver coins. The jugs were so heavy that four porters were required for each one.
Behind them, many people raised high, so that everyone could see, silver vats, cups, horns, and ladles.
The third day of the triumph was the most solemn and significant. From the very morning, trumpeters moved through the streets, playing battle marches, with which they usually encouraged soldiers on the battlefield. Behind them were one hundred and twenty fattened bulls, decorated with colorful fabrics and wreaths. Their horns were gilded. They were to be sacrificed to the gods. The young men led them to the slaughter, and next to them the boys carried golden and silver sacrificial bowls for libations.
After a short pause, several hundred slaves appeared, carrying seventy-seven heavy vessels filled with gold coins. A heavy golden ladle decorated with precious stones was raised high above their heads. The ladle was cast by order of Aemilius Paulus from Macedonian gold. Nearby they carried many rich golden utensils from Perseus’s banquet tables.
This part of the procession was completed by the gilded chariot of Perseus. On the chariot lay piles of the king’s weapons, on top of which a diadem, a symbol of royal power, sparkled of wondrous beauty.
Behind the chariot walked the children of Perseus - two boys and a girl - surrounded by teachers, educators, mentors. The children were still too young to understand the depth of the misfortune that happened to them. But their accompanying people screamed piteously, cried and begged the crowd for compassion.
In dark clothes, overwhelmed with grief, Perseus followed them.
The day before, he sent his close associate to Emilius Paul, begging him to spare him from the shameful participation in the anniversary. Then Aemilius Paulus answered the king:
- It was up to you before. And now it depends only on you!
With these words, the consul made it clear to Perseus that he could get rid of the shame by taking his own life by committing suicide.
But the cowardly king clung to life, trying to preserve it at any cost. The Romans promised him life. He did not dare to deprive himself of it.
The joyful cries of the crowd grew louder. The main part of the procession, the apogee of triumph, was approaching.
Rows of slaves appeared. They carried four hundred golden crowns - gifts from the Greek cities to their liberators from the Macedonian yoke (it had now been replaced by the Roman yoke for a long time). Finally, the triumphant appeared on a round gilded chariot drawn by four white horses.

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Aemilius Paulus was dressed in a purple tunic embroidered with golden palm branches. A purple toga was thrown over it. As usual, behind the back of the triumphant, the state slave held a golden crown over the commander’s head and from time to time exclaimed loudly, bending towards the hero of the occasion:
- Remember that you are only human! Memento Mori!
The slave’s words were supposed to remind the triumphant that happiness is not constant, it is changeable, and today’s winner may become tomorrow’s loser.
Next to the chariot walked the friends and relatives of the winner, proud of his glory.
Then came the lictors, of whom the consul was supposed to have twelve. The lictors were also dressed festively, and the protruding bundle of rods was entwined with laurel branches. The musicians behind the lictors played a solemn march.
The street was filled with soldiers, a victorious army was marching. The soldiers walked at a free pace, throwing their shields over their shoulders. Officers in polished armor and helmets. The triumph reconciled the soldiers with the commander, at least outwardly. The hardships of the campaign, hardships, wounds, the severity of the centurions, hunger, severe heat - were behind us. There are rewards ahead, a division of spoils, wine, fun. During the triumph, discipline weakened, the soldiers even made fun of their commander and sang funny songs, not always decent. The legionnaires made fun of the commander's bald head, his character, habits, his severity and his weaknesses.
To the shouts of the crowd: “Io! Triumph! And about! Triumph!" The festive procession headed to the Temple of Jupiter on Capitol Hill. Here the procession was awaited by senators in festive clothes.
The triumphant sacrificed bulls to Jupiter, donated part of the military spoils and a golden crown to the temple. He then distributed gifts to the soldiers and dismissed them for a few days. The triumph ended with a solemn feast.
The booty seized by Aemilius Paulus after the victory over Macedonia was so great that taxes were abolished in Rome for several years.
In relation to the defeated and already safe enemy, Aemilius Paul showed true generosity. He saved Perseus's life, although usually, after a triumph, captured kings and generals were executed. Perseus died in prison a number of years later. There were rumors that he starved himself to death.
In the last years of his life, Emilius Paulus held the position of censor. In ancient Rome, the censor monitored the census, compiled lists of senators, distributed citizens into hundreds and valued their property.
It seemed that Emilius Paulus was generously favored by fate. But Fortune was not always favorable to him. Fate sent him a lot of grief.
He had four sons. Five days before the triumph on Friday

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Lucius Aemilius Paulus(lat. Lucius Aemilius Paulus; died August 2, 216 BC) - ancient Roman military leader and politician, consul of 219 and 216 BC. e. During his first consulate, he fought in Illyria, subjugated this country to Rome and was awarded a triumph. In 218, he was part of the embassy that declared war on Carthage and unsuccessfully tried to conclude an alliance with the Iberians and Gauls. He received a second consulate at the height of the Second Punic War, but his colleague was an irreconcilable political enemy, Gaius Terentius Varro. The latter, against the will of Lucius Aemilius, gave the Carthaginian army under the command of Hannibal the battle of Cannae, in which the Roman army was completely destroyed and Lucius Aemilius died.

The son and son-in-law of Lucius Aemilius were two prominent generals - Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonian and Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, respectively.

Biography

Origin

Lucius Aemilius belonged to the noble patrician family of the Aemilii, which ancient authors considered one of the oldest families in Rome. One of the eighteen oldest tribes received its name in honor of this genus. His genealogy was traced back to either Pythagoras or King Numa Pompilius, and one version of the tradition, cited by Plutarch, calls Emilia the daughter of Aeneas and Lavinia, who gave birth to Romulus, the legendary founder of Rome, from Mars.

Representatives of this family were distinguished, according to Plutarch, by “high moral qualities, in which they constantly improved.” In the 3rd century BC. e. The Emilians regularly received consulates, and in historiography they are called in relation to this era the core of one of the “political cliques that sought to seize all power entirely.” Their political allies were Livii, Servilii, Papirii, Cornelia Scipioni, Veturii, Licinii.

Lucius' father was Marcus Aemilius Paulus, consul of 255 BC. e., who fought with the Carthaginians at sea during the First Punic War.

Carier start

Lucius Aemilius was first mentioned in sources in 219 BC. e., when he became consul along with Marcus Livius Salinator. Colleagues went to Illyria to fight with Demetrius of Pharos, who, relying on an alliance with Macedonia, was harassing the possessions of Rome with raids. Lucius Aemilius and Marcus Livius stormed the fortress of Dimala, after which they accepted the surrender of most of the other cities controlled by Demetrius, and attacked Pharos. They managed to lure Demetrius out of the city by cunning and, having defeated him in battle, forced him to flee to King Philip. By the end of summer, the Romans had subjugated all of Illyria and returned home.

In connection with these events, Polybius mentions only Lucius Aemilius, who, according to the General History, alone celebrated a “brilliant triumph.” But the author of the essay “On Famous People” reports that Marcus Livy was also awarded a triumph for the Illyrian War. In addition, both colleagues appear in subsequent events related to the summer campaign of 219: after the expiration of the consular period, Marcus Livius was accused of embezzling war booty and condemned by the votes of almost all the tribes, and Lucius Aemilius “barely survived,” from then on harboring hostility towards “ rabble" (Plutarch claims that Paul was convicted and that Paul was intimidated by this verdict).

Probably, back in the year of the consulate of Lucius Aemilius and Marcus Livy, the Senate issued a decree on the demolition of the temples of Serapis and Isis. Not a single worker dared to raise his hand to the sacred buildings; then Aemilius Paulus threw off his pretext, grabbed an ax and struck the first blow at the doors of one of the temples.

In 218, Lucius Aemilius became one of the legates sent to Africa to formally declare war on Carthage (at that time active preparations for hostilities were already underway). The embassy was headed by Quintus Fabius, and the other legates were Marcus Livius Salinator, Gaius Licinius and Quintus Baebius Tamphilus. Having completed the first part of their mission, the ambassadors crossed to Spain to form alliances with local tribes. The Bargusians received them friendly, but the Volcians blamed the Romans for the death of Saguntum, taken by Hannibal, and after this the Iberians stopped making contact with the embassy. The Romans also tried to convince the Gauls not to let the Carthaginian army pass through their territory, but they laughed at the ambassadors. The legates returned to Rome after the consuls had left for the armies.

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