“Small is the spool, but dear”: the meaning of the proverb. The spool is small, but dear: The meaning of the proverb History of the development and mining of gold in Shural

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IN conducting

“Happy is he who is happy at home,” said the greatest Russian writer and philosopher L.N. Tolstoy. A family is a special world in which people of different generations live. A family should have its own traditions, its own holidays, its own hobbies, its own little secrets. In general, what unites everyone.

Our age is fast-paced, and, unfortunately, we often forget about our family’s past. Everyone knows that a people who has no past has no future. After all, the family used to be built on respect, honoring elders, family customs and traditions. And the families were strong, with their own foundations. All this priceless baggage was passed down from generation to generation.

Hypothesis: if a family has a family heirloom, then such a family keeps the bright memory of its ancestors and honors the traditions of the family.

To prove or disprove the hypothesis, we decided to conduct a study aimed at examining the heirlooms in my family

Object of study: family heirloom.

Subject of study: antique jewelry lever scales that belonged to my gold miner ancestors.

Target research work: finding out the meaning of a family heirloom in preserving the memory of our ancestors and their traditions.

Tasks:

find out what a relic is;

conduct a survey among classmates;

study the history of your family related to gold mining in the Urals;

get your classmates interested in learning about family heirlooms.

Methods research:

work with information sources and electronic resources of the World Wide Computer Network;

conducting a survey of classmates and processing the results obtained;

interviewing relatives.

As the historian O.V. Klyuchevsky wrote: “By studying our ancestors, we learn about ourselves. Just as memory loss leads to personality degradation, so forgetting the past leads to the destruction of the historical self-awareness of a person and society as a whole. Remembering the past and assessing what has been done, it is important to critically analyze past decisions and actions and draw lessons for the present and future.”

Chapter 1. The land will not stand for long before the foundations begin to be broken.

What is a family heirloom?

A family is strong when there is only one roof over it

Traditions are the basis of the way of life of a friendly, loving family. Tradition is translated as historically established and passed on from generation to generation forms of activity and behavior, and the corresponding customs, rules, and values. One of these family traditions can be the transfer of a particularly treasured and revered item - a relic.

For the precise and correct use of the word “relic,” I analyzed several sources. So, according to the explanatory dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova, relic- a thing sacredly preserved as a memory of the past. In the Russian language dictionary D.N. Ushakov we find the following definition:

this is a thing that is an object of religious worship and is considered miraculous to believers;

a thing that is especially revered, dear to memory or tradition.

The etymology (origin) of the word "relic" begins with the Latin word release, which translated means “to remain.”

T.F. Efremova in the new explanatory dictionary of the Russian language defines a relic as:

an object that has become an object of religious worship;

an object that is especially revered and preserved as a memory of the past.

N. Abramov's dictionary of synonyms points us to the words rarity and relics.

An analysis of various sources has shown that a relic is an object that carries human feelings, a piece of family history, and sometimes even family secrets. By touching them, we can feel the emotions that the previous owners of this item once experienced.

For me, family heirlooms are items that are carefully kept in one family and passed down from generation to generation. If the word re-lik-vi-ya is divided into syllables, then attention stops on the part of the syllable “lik”. I turned to V. I. Dahl’s explanatory dictionary and found out that “lik” in Russian means “face, image.” Therefore, we can assume that a family heirloom is an image of the family. Probably, every family has its own family heirlooms, which can tell a lot of interesting things.

1.2. Relics through the eyes of modern youth

Young man - young thoughts

Any thing, object that has been in the family for at least two generations is a family heirloom. The relic is a witness to the life of the family, a memory of close relatives. It helps us understand that a person’s life is endless if descendants remember it, it allows us to touch the history of the family and feel that it is close to us, that it affects our lives and influences everything that happens today.

Not only in the history of our Fatherland, but also in the life of every person, individual family, school and city, different events take place - large and small, simple and heroic, joyful and sad. For their own memory, people write diaries and memoirs, keep letters and photographs, some things, sometimes they keep in their memory amazing stories related to their personal life and family past.

We decided to find out if the guys in our class have family heirlooms? To do this, we conducted a survey on the following questions:

What we call a "relic". Explain the term in your own words.

Does your family have antiques?

What is considered a family heirloom in your family? Give examples

Do you know the history of memorabilia in your family? Will you tell it to your descendants?

Is it necessary to preserve the ancient things of fathers and grandfathers? If yes, then why?

29 people took part in the survey. After analyzing the results of the questionnaire, we received the following results:

The answers of grade 6B students who know memorabilia in their family can be divided into the following groups:

An analysis of the results shows that not all children in the class know what a family heirloom is. Not all classmates are familiar with the history of their family, but almost everyone (except two people) wants to be part of the family history, to be a mediator between the past and the future.

. Why do we keep relics?

Who is needed by whom is remembered by him

Memory and knowledge of the past make our world more interesting and significant. That is why it is so important to preserve cultural memory, folk memory, family memory. In order not to be forgetful, ungrateful, incapable of good deeds, today we turn to family heirlooms.

We asked our classmates: “Is it necessary to preserve the ancient things of our fathers and grandfathers! If yes, then why? Only two people out of 29 answered that no, the new generation does not need antique memorabilia. The rest of the guys - 93% - believe that such things are worthy of respect and careful treatment. They used the following phrases in their answers:

Memory of family and ancestors - 60%;

Value - 11%;

Pride - 15%;

Interesting - 14%.

After analyzing the guys' answers, we came to the conclusion that the memory of our ancestors is not a whim or a tribute to fashion. It is a natural need to adhere to one’s pedigree, protect family heirlooms, traditions, and pass them on to future generations. Those who refuse or neglect historical memory were contemptuously called “a man without a clan or tribe.” So, from clan to clan, there was a close relationship. Parents not only tried to pass on to their children skills of work and behavior, but also to leave a good memory of themselves. It is no coincidence that V.A. Sukhomlinsky writes in his letter to his son, quoting the lines of his father’s letter: “...Remember who you are and where you came from. Remember how hard it is to get this bread. Remember that your grandfather, my father Omelko Sukhomlin, was a serf and died at the plow in the field. Never forget about the folk root...”

Chapter 2. Gold in the ground does not spoil

2.1. History of gold development and mining in Shural

Gold is learned in fire, and man is learned in labor.

In 1716, an ironworks was founded in the Nevyansk region on the Shurale River. It was founded by Akinfiy Nikitich Demidov - Russian entrepreneur from a dynasty Demidov, son of Nikita Demidov , founder of the mining industry in Ural. These lands were granted to him by Peter the Great himself, so activity here developed rapidly.

The origin of the very name of the village Shurala is interesting. According to legend, in the swampy forests of Shurala there was a bog goblin, whom the Tatars living here called “Shurale”, hence the name of the village. According to another version, when Nikita Demidov arrived in these parts, he met an old local resident on the river. To Demidov’s question: “Where does the river flow from?” - the old man answered, lisping - “Sh of the Urals.”

For the first time people started talking about gold in our area in 1763. It was then that the first research work and exploration of the “gold mine” began.

In 1819, a gold rush began on Neiva, and soon it reached the Shuralka River. The largest gold-bearing deposits in the region were discovered here. Shurala was an ordinary factory village, but it became Zlatnitsa, which gave the country tons of precious metal.

This is how Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak described this production: “Right along the sides of the road gold mines stretched almost continuously and picturesque groups of prospectors, gold-washing machines, deep workings, yellowing dumps of washed sands and in general a complete picture of the area gripped by a gold rush flashed by. The Rudyankai and Shuralinsky plants especially stood out - the latter even had a pond drained to extract gold at its bottom.”

Before the October Revolution, 12 mines were built within the district of the Shuralinskaya office. The richest of them is Shuralinsky 1.

The work was carried out using open and underground methods, sometimes using steam drainage. Underground work was carried out at a depth of 20-25 meters. In the winter season, at some mines, sand was extracted to the surface using an underground method; at other mines, peat was opened. The population was employed in these jobs all year round. The owners of the mines developed the largest areas of land with rich gold content. The greatest development of work was achieved in the area adjacent to the city of Nevyansk within a radius of 10-15 km.

A characteristic feature of the organization of the mining business was the use, along with centralized “master’s” work at the large, richest mines, also of the so-called “mineral work.”

2.2. Memories of my ancestors-miners

Trouble comes in pounds and goes away in gold

The magic word gold has been inextricably linked with the village of Shurala for many years. If you ask a Shuralian about his ancestors, he will probably remember a gold miner among them, and more than one.

Gold, cunningly hidden in the ground, attracted dozens, hundreds of ordinary workers. Did it give them any good, did it bring them great benefit? After all, it has always been the case that the profit was received not by the one who dug in the ground, but by the one who bought the gold. It’s not for nothing that, on the other side of the Earth, Mark Twain once wrote: “I once worked in gold mines and I know everything about gold mining, except for one thing: how to make money there...”

From my grandmother Valentina Pankova, I managed to find out that my great-great-grandmother Olga Nikolaevna Konovalov (07/24/1883-04/30/1956) and great-great-grandfather Ivan Nikolaevich (09/27/1870-02/18/1965) got married in 1902.

Olga Nikolaevna was an adopted daughter in the Novgorodtsev family, her father was a famous chebotar (shoemaker) in the city of Nevyansk. The young wife moved to live with her husband’s family in the village of Obzhorino, Nevyansk district, which was a prosperous village at that time. The husband's family worked in a mine, panning for gold. And the young wife was brought in to do this work.

These works were carried out in small, usually family-run teams of workers. It was allowed to mine gold under the conditions of obligatory delivery of the metal to the mine office at a fixed, predetermined price.

Everyone, young and old, was engaged in diligence. Gold was mined with hard work: a wooden trough was placed on the river bank, sand was poured in, men pumped water with a hand pump (mazhert), and women and children washed the sand in the trough. After that, they heated it in a Dutch ladle and waited for it to sparkle; the remaining sand was thrown out, but the gold remained.

Of all the tools needed by a miner, my family has preserved to this day miniature scales; they were necessary for weighing gold dust, and there is no way without it. After weighing, the sand was exchanged in Nevyansk at the Torgsin store for “bons” - long sheets of stamped paper, with which you could buy fabric, flour, cereals, etc.

Families in those days were large, and our family was no exception - Ivan and Olga had 5 children (4 sons and a daughter), of whom Victor was my great-grandfather, born in 1911.

In 1938, Victor married Olga Baranova, a native of the village of Shurala, and, as was customary, he brought her to his parents’ house in the village of Obzhorino. From the stories of my grandmother Alevtina (daughter of Victor and Olga), I know that Great-grandmother Olya was taught the work of a prospector in her husband’s family. Gold was mined with hard work. To work at the mine we walked from the village of Obzhorino to Kapotino (near the city of Kirovgrad), approximately 15 km one way, in cold and heat.

It was during the period described, in 1937, that the gold and platinum industry in the region was booming. The volume of geological exploration work has increased, new deposits have been discovered. Orders were also issued on the widespread development of prospecting work; prospectors were provided with tax benefits. The search departments were obliged to provide them with explored deposits, equipment and technical assistance for their work. The young country needed gold like air!

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Victor and Olga already had two small children, the third was born in January 1942. Great-grandfather Vitya was taken to the War in 1941, and great-grandmother Olya, pregnant, remained with her small children and her husband’s elderly parents in the village of Obzhorino.

Many people who survived the horrors of the war did not like to remember this; many information and interesting facts were forgotten. But here's what I found out:

It was not easy for everyone to survive during the Great Patriotic War; our family did not escape this fate. In the most difficult times, when food completely ran out and there was nothing to feed the kids, great-great-grandfather Ivan went underground and took out the “golden piece” from there. He weighed it on scales, wrote down the weight and sent his daughter-in-law (great-grandmother Olya) to exchange it for “bons”. Previously mined “gold” from “mining” helped the family survive during the Great Patriotic War.

Great-grandmother Olya did not live to see my birth for 2.5 years, but from the stories of grandmother Ali I know that it was not customary for the family to communicate on the topic of “digging” and gold, so that no one would know anything. Therefore, it was not possible to find out information about how scales for measuring gold appeared in our family. As, indeed, many other details.

There is such a legend in our family. In the village of Obzhorino, the house of my ancestors stood on the bank of the river. Neiva, there was a well in the yard.

In 1953, the family of Victor and Olga decided to move to the village of Shurala, because there was a kindergarten and a school for children and a railway station nearby. It was decided to sell the house in the village of Obzhorino; the buyers were from another village, and during the sale the house was rolled up and taken away. But here's what's surprising! Everyone knew that great-great-grandfather Ivan always had gold coins hidden underground, and during the war years, he managed to dispose of them for the benefit of the family and leave a small reserve. But when dismantling the house, not a single grain of gold or grain of sand was found. Rumor has it that my great-great-grandfather could have hidden a little gold in a well in the yard.

On the site of the village there are now collective gardens, and the site on which our ancestral home was located is still undeveloped - abandoned, and it has not belonged to us for a long time. And the well in the yard remains untouched to this day. There is no longer any water in it, it has dried up and become overgrown, but continues to keep its secrets.

Chapter 3. On the scales...

3.1. The emergence and improvement of scales

Without weight, without measure there is no faith

Scales are one of the oldest instruments invented by man. They arose and improved with the development of trade, production and science.

The first samples of scales found by archaeologists date back to the 5th millennium BC. e., they were used in Mesopotamia. According to the ancient Egyptian “Book of the Dead,” Anubis (the guide to the world of the dead), at the entrance to the underworld, weighs the heart of every deceased person on special scales, where the goddess of justice Maat acts as a weight. The simplest scales in the form of an equal-armed beam with suspended cups were widely used in Ancient Babylon (2.5 thousand years BC) and Egypt (2 thousand years BC).

Sets of weights for specific scales are called weights. At that distant time, the very first system of weight units in history - the ancient Babylonian - was based on the weight of one grain of bread - a grain. Not a piece of gold, platinum, silver, but grain, obtained with such difficulty and which is still the main product. Well, and of course, the fact that the grains by nature themselves were, as it were, standardized and had almost the same size and weight played a role. Later, a human-made system of weights appeared. Measures of length and weight, as well as the shape and material of weights, varied depending on local conditions. For example, in Mesopotamia, weights were made of stone or bronze in the shape of a pear, duck or lion. The Greeks used square or rectangular plates, round, cone-shaped, tri- or multi-sided pieces of lead or bronze. The Romans used balls, cubes, round washers or prisms made of bronze, stone or lead.

comes from “zlatnik” - the name of a coin, weighing about 4.3 g, in ancient times it served as a unit of weight for precious metals and stones.

Initially, this word meant a gold coin, and it is in this meaning that it is found in the 911 agreement between the Kyiv Prince Oleg and Byzantium. The term "spool" was also used to denote the purity of gold. In addition, in Ancient Rus' there were such weight measures as stone, grain, belly, etc. From 1747 until the introduction of the metric system, the unit of mass in Russia was the pound.

As the Roman Empire spread its influence to the West, Roman scales penetrated European countries. In 996, Prince Vladimir ordered the introduction of uniform weight measures, and in the Decree of Prince Vsevolod (12th century) the annual verification of scales was mentioned for the first time.

In Rus', until the 15th century, the Church was the caring custodian of weights and measures. The first caretakers for the correctness of measurements appeared in monasteries and churches. Princes Vladimir and Vsevolod instructed “bishops to supervise weights and measures,” and for weighing and measuring they ordered “to be executed close to death.”

Tsar Ivan the Terrible generally forbade merchants from having their own weights and scales. It was allowed to use only “state ones.” Peter I, by his decree, introduced their mandatory inspection twice a year. During the heyday of the Russian Empire, under Peter I, in 1723, the “Decree on the production of flour, cereals, malt and oatmeal” was issued sell by weight, not by measure.” This document introduced the concept of “marked scales,” i.e., certified and branded scales. It provided for liability in the form of a fine for underweight, or the use of unverified scales. exemplary measures of length, weight (mass) and other measurements were created, with which the weights and other measures used in trade were necessarily compared.

In 1841, on the initiative of the Russian Minister of Finance, a “special fireproof building” was built on the territory of the Peter and Paul Fortress - the Depot of Exemplary Weights and Measures. There, traders were required to bring their measuring instruments for verification. Subsequently, on the initiative of D.I. Mendeleev, the Main Chamber of Weights and Measures was organized in Russia, and today it is called the Russian Research Institute of Metrology and bears the name of the great scientist. And in 1918, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR issued a decree "On the introduction of the international metric system of weights and measures", according to which the kilogram was adopted as the basis for the unit of weight.

Today there are many different scales: household, commercial, industrial, research, jewelry, carriages, etc. Some are designed for weighing heavy objects, such as carriages, while others, for research, have fantastic accuracy. Each business has its own scales.

3.2. The history of the appearance of scales in my family

Two sisters swayed, sought the truth,

and when they achieved it, they stopped

A relic that has survived in my family - a miniature miner's scale - reminds me of the times of the gold rush in our country. This device was necessary for weighing gold dust. Grandma says that After weighing, the gold sand was exchanged in Nevyansk at the Torgsin store for “bons” - long sheets of stamped paper, with which you could buy fabric, flour, cereals, etc..

According to eyewitnesses, these were the best stores in rural Russia outside of big cities. They were always better stocked than ordinary government stores in the same areas. They do not accept paper rubles, the official currency of the country; they exchange enviable goods only for gold rubles, or bonds, which in turn can only be obtained in exchange for gold.

For miners, every grain of gold was valuable; one gram was one bond. Therefore, weighing was taken very seriously. The instructions instructed to carefully calibrate and clean the scales from dust. It was forbidden to use coins, matches and other objects as weights, but only branded weights. The surface of the table was covered with glass, linoleum or a metal sheet - materials that did not allow a single speck of gold to get stuck, and the appraiser had to work in oilcloth oversleeves.

The balance consists of a horizontal lever with equal arms called beams, and a balance pan suspended from each arm. This construction is related to the fact that the word “scales” is used in the plural. Gold nuggets or washed sand were placed on one bowl, and a standard measure of mass was placed on the other bowl until the beam was as close to equilibrium as possible.

Unfortunately, I could not find a mark on the scales, the year of manufacture or other information about the place and time of their creation. This may be due to the fact that the original packaging of the scales has not been preserved; instead, the weights, bowls and rockers are stored in an iron box on which the inscription reads: “Chemical powder.” I guess that scales appeared in my family as soon as my ancestors took up gold mining, i.e. at the end of the 19th century.

From the times of gold mining, my family has preserved not only scales, but also other tools - trays for washing gold, a trough, scoops. These items left over from previous generations are very dear to my family. Looking at and studying them, p a sense of responsibility to your ancestors for your deeds appears, you feel your duty to continue their work of serving the Motherland, the Fatherland, and your people.

Conclusion

While researching family heirlooms, we realized that this topic

I was able to make sure that my family is friendly and strong. We were all together, we were researchers, chroniclers, interlocutors. In our family there is a past, and therefore there is a future.

Our hypothesis confirmed. We have proven that if a family has a family heirloom, then such a family keeps the bright memory of its ancestors and honors its traditions.

During the study, the following tasks were solved:

I learned what a relic is;

Conducted a survey among classmates, processed the results and made conclusions;

We studied the history of our family related to the history of gold mining in the Urals;

I got my classmates interested in studying family heirlooms; after my story, even those guys who, based on the survey results, were not interested in the history of their family, wanted to find them at home or ask loved ones about memorabilia in their family.

I am proud of my ancestors - strong, brave, hardworking people. Their life, way of life, traditions evoke great respect in me. I can't let their memory fade. To do this, I will collect information about their difficult path and fate, bit by bit, like golden sand.

Bibliography

Large explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: Ideographic description. Synonyms. Antonyms / Ed. L. G. Babenko. M., 2001. - 864 p.

Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Modern spelling. M., 2002. - 984 p.

History of the Urals from ancient times to the present day / ed. I.S. Ogonovskaya, N.N. Popova. - Ekaterinburg: Socrates, 2004. - 495 p.

Kapustin V. G. Sverdlovsk region: nature, population, economy, ecology: A textbook for high school students. Nizhny Tagil, 2000. - 247 p.

Kovaleva A. E., Kovaleva G. A. Shurala is our ancestral home. The chronicle sat down. Nizhny Tagil, 2016. - 258 p.

Lopatin V.V., Lopatina L.E., Small explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: Ok. 35,000 words. M. 1993. - 704 p.

Mamin - Sibiryak D.N. Across the Urals. Stories and essays. M., 2003 - 260 p.

Obukhov, L.A History of the Urals XIX-XX centuries. / L.A. Obukhov, V.A. Shkerin, G.S. Shkreben. - Ekaterinburg: Socrates, 2005. - 142 p.

Pipunyrov. V. N. History of scales and the weighing industry in comparative historical coverage. M, 1995 - 245 p.

Sukhomlinsky V. A. Letters to his son. M.: Education, 1979. - 96 p.

Annex 1.

Defensive presentation

Proverb: Small spool but precious.

What is a "spool"?

Zolotnik is an ancient Russian unit of weight that was used to weigh gold, silver and precious stones. The spool was equal to 4.3 grams (more precisely 4.26 g). It is assumed that the word “zolotnik” comes from the name of the first ancient Russian gold coin “zlatnik”.

In 1917, after the October Revolution, the old measures of length and weight were abolished, and a new system of measures was introduced, which we still use today. Thus, the word “zolotnik” fell out of everyday use and remained to live in proverbs.

How to understand the proverb “Small is the spool, but dear”:

In the old days, a spool was called a measure of weight equal to about 4.3 g. A weight weighing a spool was used to measure the mass of precious metals - gold and silver. The heavier the ingot, the more expensive it is. But even if a small “piece” of gold weighed only one spool, it was still of enormous value. Thus was born the proverb: “Small is the spool, but dear.”

The proverb is used in a wide variety of situations and can apply to both people and inanimate objects. When we talk about a person like this, we mean that despite his modest and very ordinary appearance, young age, not the highest position in society, etc., he has qualities for which he can be appreciated and respected.

There are many sayings that are similar in meaning: “Small, but distant”, “Small is the cricket, but sings loudly”, “Small bird, but sharp claw”, “Small nightingale, but big voice” and others. If we apply this proverb in relation to any thing, we emphasize that it has special value for us. For example, if it is a gift from a loved one, even if it is not the most expensive one.

The main meaning of the proverb: Even something small (in weight or size) can be very valuable.

Other proverbs with the word “spool”:

• Health (fame) comes in ounces and goes away in pounds.
• Trouble (grief, misfortune, misfortune) comes in pounds, and goes away in gold.

Proverbs with similar meanings and analogues:

• Small, but remote.
• The cricket is small, but it sings loudly.
• The bird is small, but its claw is sharp.
• The nightingale is small, but the voice is great.
• Small ruff, but prickly.
• The spool is small, but it weighs gold; the camel is large, but it carries water.
• The pot is small, but it cooks the meat.
• Small and smart, old and stupid.
• The spool is small, but expensive, the figure is large, but stupid.
• Small spool but precious; There is a big stump and a hollow leaf.
• Small, short, but strong.
• A small piece, but it feeds a century.
• The ant is small, but it digs mountains.
• Small initiative, but expensive.
• Small in body, but great in deed.
• The spool is small, but expensive, but the pile is large, but stinking.

A short story with the proverb “Small is the spool, but dear.” Essay writing help

At school they often ask composition on the topic of: Write a short story based on the proverb “Small is the spool, but dear”. The task can cause misunderstanding not only among schoolchildren, but also among their parents. But this is why they go to school - to learn something new and develop their intellect. Therefore, let’s not give up, but let’s try to write an essay together. We have already figured out the meaning of the proverb. Now let’s try to find situations to which the proverb about the spool can be applied.

You can start the story like this:

• In the lives of each of us, situations occur every day to which one or another proverb can be chosen. Once an incident happened to me about which you can say “Small spool, but expensive.” (and tell a suitable story from your life).
• “Small is the spool, but dear” is a very wise proverb. Its meaning is that even something very small and insignificant can have enormous value. This could be an action, a thing dear to the heart, or the fruit of a person’s efforts.

“Small spool, but expensive”: examples of situations

• The boy with his mother and father went to the sea. The trip turned out to be interesting, fun, with many impressions. On the seashore the boy found a small shell. Its edges were chipped, and a crack was even visible on one side. Despite this, the shell was very beautiful, and when you put it to your ear, you could even hear the sound of the sea. The boy took her with him. At home, in Russia, the boy showed the shell to his grandmother and friends and talked about his trip to the sea. His eyes shone with happiness. Small spool but precious.
• Two brothers went for a walk in the yard. The older brother's name was Misha, and the younger brother's name was Vanya. The boys began to play tag and suddenly heard a dog barking. A small kitten was rushing across the entire yard, followed by a large dog. Misha got scared and climbed up the hill, and Vanya blocked the dog’s path and shielded the kitten. The dog did not expect such a turn of events and left. So Vanya’s brave act saved the kitten from inevitable death. Small spool but precious.
• It took Varya a long time to learn to knit. My fingers didn’t obey me, the threads got tangled, the knitting needles hurt my fingers. The girl couldn’t knit even the simplest scarf, but she started again and again, even if it turned out crooked. She dismissed the row and started again. And finally, by the beginning of winter, Varya managed to knit a scarf. It was short and uneven in places, but bright and very warm. But the most important thing is that the scarf was made by hand! Small spool but precious.

Before writing an essay, a student or parents can select examples of similar situations from their own life and compose their own story. And we hope that the article will help you with this 😉

Once upon a time there lived a brother and two sisters. We lived together, you can't spill water. Their names were Zolotnik, Cinderella and Sister-in-law.
The spool was the smallest of them. What were they doing? Of course, gold was washed and panned in the river. In the morning they will collect all the gold from the sky and take it to the river to wash. They wash it clean, wipe it dry and hang it back on the sky to dry.
“What gold is in the sky?” - you will be surprised. Well, of course, the stars and the Moon. After all, this is real gold.
Of course, they easily controlled the stars. They will put a ladder up to the sky and collect it in a basket, just like cherries. By dawn they usually had time to collect everything.
But with Luna it was more difficult. She is big and heavy, like a watermelon. They didn’t always have time to remove it from the sky. Especially when a lot of stars appeared. It happened that they left the Moon hanging in the sky until the next morning. Yes, you yourself probably saw the Moon during the day.
And washing Luna was more difficult. She was always washed last, and there was no time left. That's why the stains remained on it.
Zolotnik did not like all this terribly. One day he came up with the idea of ​​being the first to remove the moon from the sky. To finally wash it clean and get to work on the stars.
They put a ladder to the sky and began to take pictures of the Moon. We filmed for a long time, we were completely tired. They finally took off Luna and Sister-in-law rolled her to the river to soak her in the water. She rolled it up and plopped it into the water. It immediately became dark. The moon no longer shone in the water!
And Zolotnik was standing on the stairs. I stood there and didn’t see anything anymore. Only stars around. What good are they? It's still dark.
He became scared. What if he falls down the stairs in the dark, what then? Who will take gold from the sky? The sisters don’t know how to climb stairs.
He shouts to Sister-in-law, “Bring the Moon back quickly, I don’t see anything!”
And the Moon floats in the water! Sister-in-law tried to pull her out of the water, but nothing worked. The moon got wet in the water and became heavy! And slippery too! Three of us need to pull it out.
And Cinderella holds the ladder so she doesn’t fall. The spool can’t go down either, it’s dark to go down and you could fall.
So they stood until dawn: Zolotnik - on the stairs, Cinderella - under the stairs, and Sister-in-law with the Moon - in the river.
Then the sun finally rose. Zolotnik was so tired of standing on the stairs that he could no longer take pictures of the stars. He came down a little alive and his sisters carried him home. They looked after him all day so that he would recover as quickly as possible.
And Luna remained unwashed.
People went outside that day and saw all the stars in the sky! They were so happy! Just like children - new toys. No one had seen the stars before. Everyone slept at night and did not look at the sky.
Therefore, no one went to work that day, everyone took the children and went to the mountain to take a closer look at the stars. That was great!
By evening, Zolotnik recovered and, together with his sisters, took the Moon out of the river. They lifted her to heaven and hung her in place. And in the morning they began to take gold from the sky again. Only now in order - first they took off all the stars, and then the Moon.
This is what they have always done since then. They, as before, do not have time to completely wash the moon. That's why you may notice spots on it. But still, she is the most beautiful in the sky and shines brighter than all the stars!
And people liked looking at the stars so much that they began to do it at night. They even came up with binoculars and telescopes for this purpose. To better look at the stars. It’s just that no one remembers that all this happened thanks to Zolotnik.
But you and I know that!

" SMALL SPOOL BUT PRECIOUS…"

(The Island That Deserves Love)

Our planet is generous with gifts: every corner of it is beautiful in its own way. It happens that a small piece of land dazzlingly pleases with its serene, sunny, bright beauty; and the other attracts and pampers with the year-round warmth of water and air; and another one that dazzles the eyes with its tropical colors... All this does not apply to the region called Sakhalin... And, nevertheless, Sakhalin is beautiful! It can also be sunny, but also generous with snow... it can be bright, but it can become painfully cloudy and dangerous, it can warm you with warmth, or it can be overwhelmed by cyclones-typhoons...

The shape of Sakhalin Island is often compared to a dolphin, fish, shrimp or compass needle on a map of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. It is barely noticeable on the world map - a slender island, dangerously clinging to the eastern side of heavy Eurasia - neither give nor take - “mama's boy”... In fact, Sakhalin is a very independent, special, rich, unusual and very mysterious land.

Sakhalin is a strange word brought to Europe back in the 13th (!) century from China by the famous Marco Polo. This name is translated in different ways, but most often as “rocks at the mouth of the Black River” - this is how the Manchus saw it from the banks of the Amur.

Sakhalin was not always an island; in ancient times it was connected by land “umbilical cords” with the mainland and Japanese lands. But for over 10,000 years, its shores have been washed on all sides by the cold waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Japan...

This gracefully stretched section of the earth's land from north to south is just under 1000 km in length, and its width ranges from 8 to 160 km. Therefore, Sakhalin, like a stiletto, pierces several climatic zones: tundra, taiga, temperate sea...

The northern Sakhalin tundra, as it should be, is sternly stingy in appearance, but generous in its depths - gas, oil in such colossal volumes that the three strongest powers - Russia, the USA, Japan - have enough room for activity. The famous Sakhalin projects for the development of shelf deposits are making waves all over the world!

A harsh climate, reindeer, polar partridges, long winters, berry fields and unimaginable riches in the land and in the depths of the sea - this is northern Sakhalin.

To the south there is real taiga, mountains, coal deposits, furs, gold, tangled and winding rivers, in the valleys of which temperature changes from -56 C in winter to +34 C in summer...

Even further south - the calm of moderation - the most inhabited part of the island (the climate is milder).

Here the flora and fauna are masterfully diverse, and a scattering of amazingly beautiful lakes-lagoons, luring, does not let go... And the bowels are generously filled - deposits of building materials, hard and brown coal, peat, building materials, marble, decorative stones, jasper, there is even its own amber ... The special offer of southern Sakhalin is unique quality sea sulfide medicinal mud and healing arsenic water sources. There were and still are colossal reserves of blue clay...

The flora and fauna of Sakhalin are unique in many ways: more than 100 species are endemic.

The local population has long used everything that grows and lives on Sakhalin and in the surrounding waters for life, food, and treatment.

Eleutherococcus, Schisandra chinensis, Actinidia kolomikta, birch, aralia, velvet, adonis, rose hips (we have 4 types), blueberries, gonobobel, currants, raspberries, cranberries (all wild plants!) and, alas, “little promoted” in in the world of krasnik (in the Far East, better known under the not very aesthetic name - klopovka) ... All these are just some of the land-based medicinal plants that are very widely used by the population today. And the thickets of sea meadows - fucus, kelp, ahnfeltia... We are just learning to fully develop them.

The special and most widely known wealth of Sakhalin is its fish and seafood: over 200 commercial species (both marine and freshwater), among which we note the most notable and famous - chum salmon, coho salmon, pink salmon, masu salmon, sockeye salmon (these are salmonids); there is also a Sakhalin sturgeon - fish breeders are engaged in restoring the size of its herd; Among nature connoisseurs, the legendary “Red Book” Sakhalin taimen is of particular importance - a fish more than 1 meter long and weighing over 30 kg. In addition, the near-Sakhalin waters supply the tables of Russians and residents of Asian countries with delicious halibut, several types of crab, shrimp, scallops, sea urchin, sea cucumber, flounder, greenling, herring, whelk, pollock and other representatives of the (still) abundant local marine fauna ...

The waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the northern part of the Sea of ​​Japan are filled with life - an abundance of cetaceans, different types of seals, and fish. The land of Southern Sakhalin is full of eagerly developing and living vegetation. Sakhalin is dotted with lakes and rivers that provide fresh water. There is everything for people's lives here.

The aborigines of Sakhalin - Ainu, Nivkh, Uilta, Tungus - are pagans. The main deities of the Nivkhs (Gilyaks) and Ainu are the gods of Earth and Water. When determining the hierarchy of deities, the peoples did not have to rack their brains for long: nature itself gave a unique clue, which, perhaps, is found in few places. Of course, the main God is the God of the Earth (his personification has always been the Bear). The argument is not from man, but from nature: the God of Water annually sends his subjects as sacrifices to the one who is more important - the earthly God. What an amazing explanation has been found for a majestic phenomenon that still amazes everyone who observes it - the movement of fish to spawn. And on Sakhalin, such a rune move was not only salmon, but also herring. The spectacle is incomprehensible, bewitching, subjugating, and at times frightening in its inexorability and predetermination.

Isn’t this a mystery and a mystery – a combination of tundra reindeer moss and almost tropical lianas on one piece of land; minerals from sand and peat to... gold. Even the remains of mammoths and dinosaurs have been found on this land.

And its history is even more full of mysteries and intrigues.

Sakhalin changed owners, names, races of peoples living on it... It was owned by different countries. His map is filled with names that reflect all stages of the development of the island by peoples - here are the Dutch names - Tonin, Castricum, given in the 17th century by Martin Garritsen De Vries; and French - Lamanon, Crillon, Jonquière, Moneron, left at the end of the 19th century by the expedition of Jean Francois Galou de la Perouse; and Russian names - Mordvinova, Maria, Elizaveta, Mulovsky, given by Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern in 1805; and sonorous, but obscure names that preserve the features of the Nivkh, Evenki, Ainu languages ​​- Tunaicha, Nabil, Aniva, Due, Poronai, Moskalvo, Okha... There are almost no names of Japanese origin left on the map, but in the conversation of Sakhalin residents you can still hear - Toyohara , Oodomari, Ochiai, Shiretoku and others - such names were borne during the period of Japanese rule by the familiar Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Korsakov, Dolinsk, Makarov...

Sakhalin residents are very proud of the names of those who visited the island over the years. This is accepted not only among us. But staying on Sakhalin has always been a significant event for Russians - regardless of what brought them to the edge of Russia - work, service, family matters or a court decision...

There were very few people who followed to a distant island at the behest of their hearts and conscience. That is why Anton Pavlovich Chekhov occupied a very special place in our history. Having accomplished a civic and human feat in 1890, going to a convict island, he was able to accomplish another feat - a literary one. Chekhov's book “Sakhalin Island”, published in 1895, has become the best book about Russian history and the life of Sakhalin for all time. Truly an honest book by an honest man.

And those who served here, served a prison sentence, and B.O. were guests of the island over the years. Pilsudski, and M.S. Mitsul, and P.P. Glen, and S.O. Makarov, and G.I. Nevelskaya, and V.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, and V.M. Doroshevich, and F.B. Schmidt, and N.P. Rezanov, and F.F. Bellingshausen... You can’t count them all.

Sakhalin history also knew wars. In the distant past - the wars of the aborigines with the Manchus. The 20th century was marked by two clashes on Sakhalin soil - Japan and Russia (USSR).

Both during the Russian-Japanese (1904-1905) and during the Soviet-Japanese (August 1945) wars, the fate of Sakhalin’s territorial affiliation was decided - and, as a result, it changed! The fighting on Sakhalin (during these wars) was extremely tragic in nature for those who fought.

In 1905, the Russian island of Sakhalin was defended from invasion by partisan detachments, the main backbone of which were convicts and exiled settlers. Another paradox: the prisoners defended Sakhalin - their prison, because during the war the prison became the personification of the Motherland!... At times, it was impossible to even imagine that anyone would even know about the worthy end of their sinful lives...

In 1945, when the USSR returned Southern Sakhalin to the fold of Russia, a lot of blood was shed on both sides - Japanese and Soviet. The truth was on our side. But, if you think about it, for the Japanese soldiers who fought with us, born in the 20s, the Sakhalin land (Karafuto, as they called it) was also the Motherland... They died for their villages and their homes, for their own, also native to them, edge...

Everything changed exactly the opposite in 1945: a terrible retribution came to them for the deeds of their grandfathers in 1905.

“These are the ways of anyone who covets someone else’s goods: it takes the life of the one who takes possession of it,” says the biblical truth...

Everyone knows about Sakhalin. His story is remarkable. His name is well known. It is a common noun when in the European part of Russia they talk about something distant, cruel, unfair, terrible, incomprehensible and monetary...

Life on Sakhalin is not easy, but strangely attractive.

Currently, Sakhalin is incredibly polarized and contradictory: it combines new technologies using the “latest technology” and dying (not long ago thriving) cities and towns; the staggering size of wealth and the blinding ugliness of poverty; civilized enterprises and the savagery of the population; the growing urbanization of the island's capital against the background of the degradation of the remaining few cities; amazing romanticism and discouraging cynicism; incredible beauty of nature and equally incredible clutter; fantastic wealth and resources and the state of a unique subject of our Federation that is still far from thriving.

Sakhalin is the main part of the only island region among Russians. From time to time this name fills the pages of newspapers and magazines. From time to time, Sakhalin attracts the minds of adventurers. From time to time, Sakhalin becomes the subject of experiments. From time to time the island experiences prosperity and, alas, the subsequent decline. It has always been this way. He is like that - he promises a lot, gives a lot... Only most of the experimenters forget that he also strictly, by and large, asks... Those who betrayed his trust once, he punishes. He denies love to those who betray him. It seems to me that this is fair. Sakhalin is waiting for love and knows how to respond to it. He is waiting for worthy applicants, but they are just beyond the horizon...

And the horizon of Sakhalin is everywhere!

... Island of contrasts. It's hard to tear yourself away from him. It's not easy to get used to. It's impossible not to love him.

Elena Rashchupkina-Lopukhina