Oblomov, the problem of personality formation. The problem of the role of childhood in human life: arguments from the literature. Essay on the topic "Childhood". The adult life of Ilya Ilyich

Personality formation begins in early childhood. It is at this time that the basic moral principles are laid, the norms of communication and cultural characteristics are learned, which will guide the adult for the rest of his life. The way a person’s character is formed in childhood is greatly influenced by his environment. Children form ideas about ways of communicating with other people and attitudes towards their own “I”, focusing on their loved ones and copying parental behavior patterns.

Where happy adults grow up

Happy adults grow up in happy families. That is why it is so important that the child feels the joy of childhood and receives enough love and attention from his relatives. The feeling of security, being needed, and the constant care of mom and dad affect the baby’s cognitive abilities, helping his personality develop harmoniously. The problem of the role of childhood in a person’s life and arguments in favor of the special influence of this period on success in adult life can be found in the works of famous psychologists: Carl Gustav Jung, Sigmund Freud,

Emotional development in early childhood affects the ability to withstand stress and negative influences in the future, helps to learn to adequately evaluate different people and be able to communicate with them. Based on his own and parental experience, the baby receives the concept of good and bad and forms an idea of ​​family values. Growing up, happy children turn into successful and satisfied people who are able to take responsibility for their actions.

Problems of adults with difficult childhoods

What happens to children who had a difficult childhood? If a mother and father are not involved in the upbringing and development of their child, do not pay due attention to each other and constantly quarrel, an adult who grows up in such an environment develops distorted ideas about family values. They consider their behavior to be the only and natural norm. Due to the psychological phenomenon of “contagious emotions,” if parents are torn between family and work, and are in a constant depressed and gloomy mood at home, children “adopt” their state and begin to feel the same.

Often children who have experienced abuse from relatives, growing up, begin to “raise” their own children in the same way, without knowing any other attitude. Some psychologists believe it is caused by an unconscious desire to put oneself in the place of the aggressor, so as to no longer be a defenseless victim.

How childhood difficulties affect character

People whose childhood was not happy often have many psychological problems that prevent them from living life to the fullest. These problems force them to commit inappropriate actions that are harmful to themselves and others. If the parents did not take care of the child and did not instill moral guidelines, the adult will not have a clear value system. He will not feel remorse when committing a “bad deed” and will not receive satisfaction from a good deed.

Of course, a “difficult childhood” is not a death sentence. A child deprived of the love and attention of his parents does not necessarily grow up to be a criminal. But it is much more difficult for such people to understand their desires and motives; they often underestimate themselves and constantly feel unhappy, unworthy of a good relationship.

A book to help a child during a difficult period

Disbelief in one's own attractiveness forms such unpleasant character traits as deceit, greed, and hypocrisy. Children who grew up without any guardianship or with only one parent may envy the “happy children” from two-parent families. They do not know how to communicate and have difficulty making friends.

On the other hand, the ability to overcome difficulties can have a positive impact on the child’s future life. Those who are used to coping with difficulties, defend their point of view and learn to build relationships on their own often become successful in adulthood. Literary works can help children overcome difficult periods and understand complex moral issues and the actions of other people.

Discussion of the role of childhood in literature lessons

The behavior of book characters, the experiences associated with them, make it possible to feel in the place of another, to understand the motives of the actions of different people. Trying on all sorts of roles, the baby gets acquainted with a variety of moral systems, forms his own values ​​and personality. By talking through experiences and feelings associated with a particular character, a parent contributes to the emotional development of his child, teaching him to be kind, caring, and attentive to the needs of other people.

Children can discuss the problem of the role of childhood in a person’s life and arguments in favor of the influence of early years on the development of personality at school during literature lessons. This question is raised in many classical works. The topic for the essay “The role of childhood in human life” appears on the Unified State Examination. To receive a high grade, students need to formulate their own point of view on the problem and justify it using their knowledge, personal experience and arguments from several literary works.

The role of childhood in A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”

To explore the topic of education as a way of personality formation, it is worth paying attention to A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin.” The main character is a nobleman, he has been surrounded by the culture and life of the capital since childhood. Onegin’s personality is extraordinary, which is why he does not experience satisfaction from social life, although he was raised among the noble intelligentsia. This contradictory state manifests itself in the episode of the duel with Lensky, which leads the main character to the loss of the meaning of life.

Tatyana Larina, the heroine of the novel by A. S. Pushkin, received a completely different upbringing. Her personality was influenced by Russian culture and Western novels. She absorbed folk traditions through her environment, thanks to fairy tales and legends that her nanny told little Tanya. The heroine spent her childhood among the beauties of Russian nature and folk rituals. The influence of the West reflects Pushkin's ideal of education: the combination of European education with the national traditions of Russia. That is why Tatyana stands out for her strong moral principles and strong character, which distinguishes her from the other heroes of the novel “Eugene Onegin”.

The question of the influence of education on character in L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”

It is recommended that schoolchildren take one of the works of L.N. Tolstoy as an example for an essay. In the novel War and Peace, Peter Rostov, who inherited kindness and openness from his parents, shows his best qualities in his first and only battle, right before his death. Other heroes of the epic, Helen and Anatole Kuragin, who did not know the love of their parents and were raised in a family where money was valued above all else, grow up to be selfish and immoral people.

Goncharov: the problem of the role of childhood in human life, arguments. "Oblomov"

Writer I. A. Goncharov in the novel “Oblomov” focuses on the problem of the role of childhood in human life. The main character of the work, Ilya Oblomov, does not know how to take care of himself at all, since he grew up in “greenhouse conditions.” He does not follow through with any of his decisions and does not even try to start doing something, but only mentally imagines how good it will be in the end. His friend, the energetic and active Stolz, was taught by his parents to be independent from childhood. This hero is disciplined, hardworking and knows what he wants.

Childhood impressions in V. Soloukhin’s work “The Third Hunt”

In a literature lesson, a teacher may suggest analyzing an excerpt from the collection of the Soviet writer V. Soloukhin “The Third Hunt” in order to help students understand the problem of the role of childhood in human life. The arguments in Soloukhin’s text concern not only the formation of personality, but also the influence of childhood impressions on the fate of an adult, his connection with the Motherland. He colorfully illustrates his thoughts with detailed metaphors related to nature and sketches from the lives of Russian poets. The author argues that the foundation of personality is laid in childhood, and the memories and impressions of youth are always reflected in the future.

Education of the nobility in “Nedorosl” by D. I. Fonvizin

The famous comedy by D. I. Fonvizin “The Minor” is also devoted to the problem of the role of childhood in human life. The author's arguments and reflections show the strong influence his family has on a child's personality. The main character, Mitrofanushka, whose name has become a household name, adopts greed, cruelty and other vices of his mother. He received slavish tendencies from his serf nanny and tyrant qualities from his own parents, which is reflected in his behavior and treatment of people. The image of Mitrofan indicates the decline of noble society caused by improper upbringing.

The problem of the role of childhood in human life: arguments from the literature of foreign writers

The works of Charles Dickens, where the main characters are often people with difficult childhoods, are perfect for illustrating the problem of the influence of young years on the formation of personality. In the novel “David Copperfield,” which is largely autobiographical, the writer portrays a man who remained good despite the constant humiliation, difficulties and injustice of life. Ordinary people constantly come to the aid of little David, which allows him to maintain faith in their sincerity. The boy himself learns to distinguish good from evil and to adequately evaluate himself. He has the ability to see the positive traits in every person.

Margaret Drabble's novel One Summer Season shows that childhood is not just a period limited to a certain age, it is also associated with psychological maturity. An adult is responsible for his decisions and actions, he understands the importance of mutual assistance and has worldly wisdom.

The role of childhood: arguments from journalism

Journalism also often addresses the problem of the role of childhood in a person’s life. Arguments for an essay on this topic can be taken from the article by A. Zamostyanov “Childhood and youth in the fate of Suvorov.” In his work, the author says that the commander’s personality was strongly influenced by his mother’s stories about the famous military leaders of the past: Alexander the Great and Alexander Nevsky. The parent accompanied her story with the comment that a person’s strength is in the head, not in the hands. It was after stories like this that this sickly boy began to develop and strengthen himself, because he wanted to become a military man.

The period of childhood is very important for the full and harmonious development of the individual. It is the basis for an adequate perception of oneself and one’s strengths, the world around and a person’s further happy life.

1. Image of Oblomovka.
2. Prosaic reality and fairy-tale dreams of Oblomov.
3. Consequences of Oblomov’s upbringing.

In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” the protagonist’s childhood is described quite fully in the ninth chapter. The very technique that the author used to give readers the opportunity to take a virtual journey through time and look at the environment in which a person grew up and developed, who appears as an adult and fully formed in the novel, is already interesting. Not just the hero’s memories, not a narration on behalf of the author about his childhood years, but a dream. This has a special meaning.

What is sleep? It often intertwines images of everyday reality and fantastic images that belong to something other than everyday life - either the unconscious or a parallel world... In Oblomov’s subconscious, a dream, a fairy tale, takes up quite a lot of space. It is not for nothing that Goncharov describes his dream in such a way that you soon forget that this is a dream and not reality.

You should pay attention to how Goncharov describes Oblomov’s native land. The author does not begin with a direct description. First we talk about what is not there, and only then about what is there: “No, really, there are seas there, no high mountains, rocks and abysses, no dense forests - there is nothing grandiose, wild and gloomy.”

It would seem that everything is simple - the author describes a typical Central Russian landscape, which is truly devoid of sharp romantic contrasts. However, the sea, forest, mountains are not only characteristics of the relief of a particular area, but also symbolic images that are often used in relation to a person’s life path. Of course, all these objects, both in their concrete embodiment and in symbolic reflection, carry a certain threat to humans. However, risk and the need to overcome serious obstacles are also an impetus for personal development.

In Oblomovka, this natural tendency towards spiritual growth, movement, and change is completely absent. Behind the external benevolence manifested in the mild climate, the measured course of life, the absence of serious crimes among the local population, this is somehow not immediately noticeable. But what is alarming is the commotion that arises in the village when a stranger is noticed nearby, lying down to rest: “Who knows what he’s like: look, he’s not doing anything; maybe something like this..." And a crowd of grown men armed with axes and pitchforks are talking about this! In this episode, seemingly insignificant at first glance, one of the important distinguishing features of the Oblomovites manifested itself - they unconsciously strive to avoid everything that is different from the outside. The host and hostess demonstrate a similar reaction when they receive a letter: “...Who knows what it’s like there, the letter? Maybe even worse, some kind of trouble. Look what people have become today!”

In “The Dream,” as in the entire novel, every now and then the motif of opposition between Oblomov and Oblomov’s way of life is heard. Oblomovka is an “almost impassable” “corner” that lives its own life. Everything that happens in the rest of the world practically does not affect the interests of Oblomovites. And their main interests are a delicious dinner, which is discussed in advance by the whole family, the whole house, and a sound “heroic” sleep. Oblomov’s people not only don’t think about the fact that it is possible to live somehow differently than they do, no, they don’t even have a shadow of a doubt that they live correctly, and “to live differently is a sin.”

It seems that existence in Oblomovka is monotonous and unpretentious - where did Oblomov’s habit of dreaming for hours, half asleep, come from? Fantastic images of fairy tales, once told by his mother and nanny, made a strong impression on the soul of little Ilya. But it is not the exploits of the heroes that most capture his imagination. Ilya listens with delight to fairy tales about how a kind sorceress generously gifts “some lazy person” for no reason at all. And Oblomov himself, even when he grew up and began to be more skeptical about fairy tales, “always has the inclination to lie on the stove, walk around in a ready-made unearned dress and eat at the expense of the good sorceress.”

Why are the ideas of precisely such fairy tales, and not those in which fearless, active heroes bravely go in search of “that I don’t know what” or to battle a terrible snake, firmly entrenched in Ilya’s subconscious? Probably because the lifestyle of Emelya lying on the stove almost completely corresponded to the standards of behavior that Oblomov learned from his parental family. After all, Ilya Ilyich’s father never cared about how things were going in his domain: it takes a long time to fix the bridge, raise the fence, and even about fixing the collapsed gallery, the master’s lazy thoughts stretch out for an indefinite period of time.

And little Ilya was an observant boy: watching how his father paced the room day after day, not delving into household chores, but getting angry if the handkerchief was not brought soon, and his mother was concerned mainly about plentiful food, the child naturally made a conclusion that this is how you need to live. And why should Ilya think otherwise - after all, children view their parents as an authority, as a model of behavior that should be copied in their adult lives.

The movement of life in Oblomovka was not perceived as something in which a person is obliged to take part, but like a stream of water running past, one can only observe what is happening around and, if possible, avoid personal participation in this bustle: “Good people understood it (life) is nothing other than an ideal of peace and inaction, disrupted from time to time by various unpleasant accidents, such as illness, losses, quarrels and, among other things, labor.”

Work in Oblomovka was regarded as a painful duty, from which it would not be a sin to shirk if the opportunity presented itself. Meanwhile, it is largely thanks to work that the development of personality, its spiritual formation and social adaptation occur. Oblomov, due to the ideals absorbed from childhood, avoiding active activity, refuses personal growth, the development of those abilities and forces that were inherent in him. Paradoxically, Oblomov, who was cherished and protected in childhood, does not become a confident, successful person in his adult life. What's the matter? Oblomov had a happy childhood, he had all the prerequisites for his future life to be successful, but he spent his entire earthly existence lying on the sofa!

The key to understanding the problem lies in a fact that is inconspicuous at first glance: education in Oblomovka was aimed only at the physical well-being of the child, but did not provide direction for spiritual development or goals. And without this little thing, alas, Oblomov, with all his merits, became what Goncharov described.

Most people have the warmest and most pleasant memories associated with childhood and adolescence. At this time, a person learns to hold a spoon, tie his shoes, read, write, learns a lot about the world around him, and tries to communicate with others. Parents explain to the child the concepts of good and evil, morality, conscience, blame or praise him. Thus, childhood and adolescence play an important role in the development of a person’s personality. It is during this period that spiritual values ​​are laid, the first conscious desires appear, knowledge and communication experience are accumulated, on which a person’s future life depends.

A striking example of the influence of childhood on the development of personality is the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The main character of the work is the lazy, apathetic nobleman Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

He does not get out of bed for a long time in the morning, rarely goes outside, prefers to think a lot, but do little. Soon from the chapter “Oblomov’s Dream” we understand that the origins of his inactivity, laziness, and apathy begin in early childhood. Ilya Ilyich was a curious, intelligent child who wanted to know everything about the world around him, but the measured, calm life of the residents of Oblomovka turned out to be a destructive environment for the formation and spiritual development of a person.

“...Perhaps his childish mind decided long ago that he should live this way and not otherwise, as the adults around him live. And how else would you tell him to decide?..”

Andrey Stolts is a close friend of Oblomov. In the novel he is contrasted with Ilya Ilyich. Stolz was brought up in a strict family and went through difficult times. He does not like to dream, thinks in moderation and does a lot, has a strong character, which makes him brave and courageous. All these qualities were brought up in Stolz by his parents, or rather, by the environment in which he found himself as a child. As a child, Andrei received a “labor, practical” upbringing, began helping his father with his work early, and studied a lot and diligently. “...At the age of fourteen or fifteen, the boy often went alone, in a cart or on horseback, with a bag at the saddle, on errands from his father to the city, and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake... " Although Stolz's childhood was difficult, it had the best influence on his personality, instilling in him such positive qualities as hard work, courage, self-confidence, and discipline.

Childhood plays an important role in the development of personality, since a person’s adult life is largely determined by what he learned in the early stages of his development. John Amos Komensky said: “Only that in a person is strong and reliable that was absorbed into his nature in the first period of life.”

• Events that occurred in childhood awaken new aspirations in a person
• A person’s adult life is largely determined by what he learned as a child.
• People remember moments from childhood throughout their lives as the happiest.
• A difficult childhood may not break a person, but make him much stronger
• The love with which a child is surrounded is not always for his benefit.
• Childhood is a preparation for adult life, because already in childhood a person begins to form moral values

Arguments

I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". Since childhood, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov was surrounded by love, care and tenderness. His parents did not bother too much with household chores, thinking more about delicious food and preferring the obligatory afternoon nap. The whole family caressed Ilyusha, the only child in the family, so he grew up dependent: everything that was possible was done for him by servants and parents. Oblomov’s childhood could not but affect his future: Ilya Ilyich’s values ​​have not changed over the years. And Oblomovka, his native village, remained a symbol of an ideal life for the hero.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Children from the Rostov family grew up in an atmosphere of love and care. They were not afraid to express their emotions, they learned from their parents sincerity, honesty and openness to people. A cloudless childhood made the heroes not lazy and idle, but kind and sympathetic people with a sensitive heart. Petya Rostov, having absorbed the best qualities of his parents, realizes his positive character traits in adulthood. He cannot remain indifferent when he learns that war is starting. The childhood of Prince Andrei and Princess Marya cannot be called cloudless: their father was always strict and sometimes rude to them. But the high moral values ​​instilled by their father in childhood became decisive in the adult lives of the heroes. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky grew up to be true patriots, fair and honest people.

M. Gorky “Childhood”. The fate of Alyosha Peshkov was not easy. By the time he started school, his family was so poor that the child was forced to earn his own living. After some time, Alyosha, on the instructions of his grandfather, had to go “into the people”, that is, leave home to earn money. But the misfortunes did not end there: those close to him began to die one after another, and the boy’s peers did not like him at all. And although Alyosha Peshkov had a difficult childhood, he developed the most important internal qualities for a person: kindness, the ability to compassion, sensitivity. Difficult life circumstances did not take away from him the most important thing that makes a person valuable.

Y. Yakovlev “He killed my dog.” Even in childhood, an important personality quality is born in a person - the ability to sympathize with all living things. From the story we learn about Sashka, who decided to shelter a stray dog. Not a single adult supported the boy’s desire to help a living creature. The cruel father shot the animal at the first opportunity. Sashka was shocked. He decided that he would always protect abandoned animals when he became an adult. An incident that happened to the hero in childhood awakened in him the principles of his future life.

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The period of childhood and the events that happened to us during this period of development significantly influence the formation of a person’s personality. The life of literary characters, in particular, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, is no exception.

Oblomov's native village

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov spent his entire childhood in his native village - Oblomovka. The beauty of this village was that it was located far from all populated areas, and, most importantly, very far from large cities. Such solitude contributed to the fact that all the residents of Oblomovka lived as if in conservation - they rarely went anywhere and almost no one ever came to them.

We invite you to read Ivan Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”

In the old days, Oblomovka could well be called a promising village - canvases were made in Oblomovka, delicious beer was brewed. However, after Ilya Ilyich became the owner of everything, it all fell into disrepair, and over time, Oblomovka became a backward village, from which people periodically fled, since the living conditions there were terrible. The reason for this decline was the laziness of its owners and the reluctance to make even minimal changes in the life of the village: “Old Oblomov, as he accepted the estate from his father, passed it on to his son.”

However, in Oblomov’s memories, his native village remained a paradise on earth - after he left for the city, he never came to his native village again.

In Oblomov’s memoirs, the village remained as if frozen outside of time. “Silence and imperturbable calm reign in the morals of the people in that region. No robberies, no murders, no terrible accidents happened there; neither strong passions nor daring undertakings excited them.”

Oblomov's parents

The childhood memories of any person are inextricably linked with the images of parents or educators.
Ilya Ivanovich Oblomov was the father of the main character of the novel. He was a good person in himself - kind and sincere, but absolutely lazy and inactive. Ilya Ivanovich did not like to do anything - his whole life was actually devoted to contemplating reality.

They postponed all necessary matters until the very last moment, as a result, soon all the buildings on the estate began to collapse and looked more like ruins. The manor house, which was significantly distorted, did not escape the same fate, but no one was in a hurry to correct it. Ilya Ivanovich did not modernize his economy; he had no idea about factories and their devices. Ilya Ilyich’s father loved to sleep for a long time, and then look out the window for a long time, even if absolutely nothing happened outside the window.

Ilya Ivanovich did not strive for anything, he was not interested in earning money and increasing his income, he also did not strive for personal development - from time to time his father could be found reading a book, but this was done for show or out of boredom - Ilya Ivanovich had everything - the same as reading, sometimes he didn’t even really delve into the text.

The name of Oblomov’s mother is unknown - she died much earlier than her father. Despite the fact that Oblomov actually knew his mother less than his father, he still loved her dearly.

Oblomov's mother was a match for her husband - she also lazily created the appearance of housekeeping and indulged in this work only in cases of extreme necessity.

Oblomov's education

Since Ilya Ilyich was the only child in the family, he was not deprived of attention. The boy's parents spoiled him from childhood - they overprotected him.

He had many servants assigned to him - so many that little Oblomov did not need any action - everything that was necessary was brought to him, served and even dressed: “If Ilya Ilyich wants anything, he only has to blink - there are already three “Four servants rush to fulfill his wish.”

As a result, Ilya Ilyich did not even dress himself - without the help of his servant Zakhar, he was absolutely helpless.

As a child, Ilya was not allowed to play with the boys; he was prohibited from all active and outdoor games. At first, Ilya Ilyich ran away from home without permission to fool around and run around to his heart's content, but then they began to watch him more intensely, and escapes became at first difficult, and then completely impossible, so soon his natural curiosity and activity, which is inherent in all children, faded away, its place was taken by laziness and apathy.

Oblomov’s parents tried to protect him from any difficulties and troubles - they wanted the child’s life to be easy and carefree. They completely managed to accomplish this, but this state of affairs became disastrous for Oblomov. The childhood period quickly passed, and Ilya Ilyich did not acquire even basic skills that would allow him to adapt to real life.

Oblomov's education

The issue of education is also inextricably linked with childhood. It is during this period that children acquire basic skills and knowledge about the world around them, which allows them to further deepen their knowledge in a particular industry and become a successful specialist in their field.

Oblomov’s parents, who looked after him so closely all the time, did not attach importance to education - they considered it more of a torment than a useful activity.

Oblomov was sent to study only because receiving at least a basic education was a necessary requirement in their society.

They also did not care about the quality of their son’s knowledge - the main thing was to get a certificate. For the softened Ilya Ilyich, studying at a boarding school and then at a university was hard labor, it was “a punishment sent by heaven for our sins,” which, however, was periodically alleviated by the parents themselves, leaving their son at home at a time when the learning process was in full swing.