Main episodes war and peace volume 1. Positive aspects of planning

• Pierre Bezukhov- one of the author’s most beloved characters, who lives a rich life throughout the novel. After the death of Count Bezukhov, he becomes a very rich heir. Due to his indecision and inability to resist the opinion of secular society, he makes a fatal mistake by marrying Helen Kuragina, an insidious and unfaithful woman.
• Anna Pavlovna Sherer- maid of honor and close confidant of the empress, hostess of a fashionable high-society “political” salon in St. Petersburg. Guests often gather at her house.
• Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya- the mother of Boris Drubetsky, a woman who is very worried about her son, and therefore is making attempts to influence his fate: she asks to put in a word with the sovereign, Prince Vasily; plays a decisive role in deciding the issue of dividing the inheritance of Count Bezukhov, who is on his deathbed.
• Boris Drubetskoy - the son of poor princess Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya, whose character changes from better to worse throughout the novel. If at first he is a promising, firm and purposeful young man, then later he appears before the reader as a calculating person looking for profitable acquaintances.
• Count Ilya Andreevich Rostov- the father of a large family, a self-confident elderly man who loves to throw feasts.
• Natalia Rostova- the wife of Ilya Andreevich, a woman of about forty-five, who has many children. The Countess lives in luxury and is not used to saving.
• Nikolay Rostov- the son of Count Ilya Rostov, a young man with a cheerful and sociable character. Wanting to be useful to the Fatherland, he decides to go to war. In the second and third parts of the first volume, he appears before the reader as a brave and courageous officer who has reverent feelings towards the sovereign and is ready to give his life for his Motherland without hesitation.
• Natasha Rostova- the main character of the work. At first she is a childishly spontaneous teenage girl, but with age her character changes, and she turns into a charming woman who is sensitive to current events.
• Sonya Rostova– Natasha’s cousin, who lives in the Rostov family; a kind girl in love with her older brother, Nikolai Rostov.
• Vera Rostova- the unloved daughter of Countess Rostova, who, despite her beauty and intelligence, makes an unpleasant impression because she has a proud and arrogant character.
• Nikolai Bolkonsky- a retired general, the father of the Bolkonsky family, an intelligent man with a tough character, who raises his daughter Marya in strictness, wanting to instill in her good qualities.
• Maria Bolkonskaya- a noble noblewoman, daughter of Nikolai Bolkonsky, a kind and gentle, believing girl who loves people and tries to act in such a way as not to upset anyone. In addition, she is smart and educated.
• Mademoiselle Bourrien- lives in the Bolkonsky family as a companion. This is a woman who does not value a kind attitude towards her and betrays Marya by flirting with Anatoly Kuragin.
• Andrey Bolkonsky- son of Nikolai Bolkonsky. The behavior of this hero changes throughout the novel. At first he is an ambitious young man seeking fame and recognition and therefore going to war, but later his character, having been hardened, changes for the better. Andrei, being Kutuzov’s adjutant, fulfills orders with joy and devotion and wants to serve his native Fatherland.
• Little Princess, Elizabeth- Andrei’s wife, a woman who is not indifferent to secular society, sweet, beautiful, smiling. Bolkonsky goes into the army, leaving his wife in a difficult situation, because Lisa is pregnant. Later, the heroine of the novel dies during childbirth.
• Prince Vasily Kuragin- a very influential person, an important official who is personally acquainted with the empress. A relative of Count Kirill Bezukhov, who at first claims his inheritance, but when the wealth goes to his illegitimate son Pierre, decides to marry his daughter Helen to him and comes up with a plan on how to implement this.
• Helen Kuragina- the daughter of Prince Vasily, who has natural beauty. Despite this, she is a cynical, vile and vulgar girl who, having married Pierre Bezukhov for convenience, ruined his life.
• Anatol Kuragin, son of Vasily Kuragin- an extremely negative character in the novel War and Peace. He commits obscene acts, behaves cheekily and meanly.
• Commander-in-Chief Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov- a wise commander who cares about the Russian army and selflessly fights the enemy.
• Napoleon Bonaparte- a real historical figure, a French emperor who fought with the Russian army, an extremely self-centered, narcissistic and self-righteous person who made war his craft.

Part one

“War and Peace” is a work in which the main characters live a rich life - each their own. From the first pages of the novel we meet Anna Scherer, who was a close associate of the empress and a maid of honor. Guests gathered in her house - Prince Vasily, who paid the first visit, Helen Kuragina, little princess Liza Bolkonskaya.

Anna Pavlovna talks casually with Prince Vasily, various topics are discussed. Suddenly Pierre Bezukhov appears, who, not knowing how to behave in society, with his absurd conclusions and reasoning, creates an unpleasant impression of himself among others. This unexpected visit causes concern for Anna Pavlovna, who, after briefly talking with Pierre, concludes that he is a young man who does not know how to live. And Bezukhov himself feels extremely awkward in such an environment.

But who is really admired is Ellen Kuragina, whose beauty and grace immediately catches the eye.

Finally, Andrei Bolkonsky, the prince, appears in the living room, who, unlike his wife, little Princess Lisa, really does not like to appear in secular society, but does it out of necessity.

He is a purposeful and ambitious person, but, nevertheless, he is friends with Pierre Bezukhov, whose clumsiness and absent-mindedness is striking. And now Bolkonsky, having seen his friend and greeted them, took the opportunity and invited Pierre to visit.

Meanwhile, a conversation takes place between Prince Vasily and Princess Anna Pavlovna Drubetskaya. The woman tearfully asks Prince Vasily to petition the sovereign to transfer her son Boris to the guard. Princess Drubetskaya is persistent, and finally the prince gives in to her pleas, promising to do the impossible.

When Pierre Bezukhov crosses the threshold of the house of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, he feels free with his friend. A casual conversation ensued, but Andrei Bolkonsky made it clear that his friend’s childish discussions about Napoleon were not interesting to him. However, when asked why he was going to war, the prince replied: “I am going because this life that I lead here, this life is not for me!”

The promise given to Princess Drubetskaya was fulfilled. Prince Vasily asked the sovereign about Boris, and he was transferred to the Semenovsky regiment as an ensign.

The Rostovs were planning a name day celebration. The culprits of the event were Natalia - mother and daughter. This friendly family, headed by Count Ilya Andreevich, was distinguished by its hospitality. So on this significant day many guests gathered. There were many representatives of the nobility here, including the arrival of Maria Dmitrievna, a woman famous for her directness of mind and simplicity of address, whom both Moscow and St. Petersburg knew, as well as in royal circles. The assembled guests talked mainly on military topics. Natasha Rostova felt at ease and simply in this society: she consoled her niece Sonya, who was offended by her older sister Vera, who uttered caustic and unpleasant words; sitting at the table, contrary to decency, she asked if there would be cake, but no one condemned the girl for her spontaneity - in a word, she was happy about what was happening around her.

At the same time, very sad events were taking place in the Bezukhovs’ house - the approach of an imminent loss: Count Kirill suffered a sixth blow. People gathered in the reception room, including the confessor, who was ready to administer unction to the dying man.

Anna Mikhailovna turned out to be a far-sighted woman. Assuming that a struggle would flare up over the inheritance, she went to the Bezukhovs, urgently calling Pierre. Young Pierre, although he was afraid of the upcoming meeting with his dying father, however, understood that it was necessary.

Princess Katerina, following the advice of Prince Vasily, secretly takes the mosaic briefcase, which contains a valuable will. There is a struggle between her and Anna Mikhailovna, but, fortunately, the middle princess intervenes, and the briefcase falls out of Katish’s hands. Anna Mikhailovna immediately picks him up. At the same time, it was reported that Kirill Bezukhov died.

Meanwhile, in Bald Mountains, where the estate of Prince Nikolai Andreevich was located, they were awaiting the arrival of Prince Andrei and his wife. The demanding and picky prince kept his daughter strictly, and was not too happy about the arrival of the guests. Princess Marya, on the contrary, was happy when her beloved brother arrived. The meeting promised to be wonderful, however, it was overshadowed by the news of Andrei’s conscription for military service. The prince was about to separate from his wife, the little princess Elizabeth. Saying goodbye to her husband, she faints. She now had to live in the village without her husband and the secular society to which she was accustomed.

Part two

The theme of war develops throughout the entire work of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. In the second part, military events and the participation of the novel’s heroes in them occupy a special place. First, the preparation for the inspection of the regiment by Commander-in-Chief Mikhail Kutuzov is described. Finally, the review began. Among those close to the commander-in-chief was Andrei Bolkonsky, who became his adjutant.

Dear readers! We bring to your attention chapter by chapter.

It is obvious that great changes have occurred in this young man, who put the defense of his native Fatherland above all else: “In the expression of his face, in his movements, in his gait, the former pretense, fatigue and laziness were almost not noticeable.”

After checking, the commander and his retinue went to the city.

Austria, Prussia and Russia begin a campaign against Napoleon. Kutuzov uses a cunning tactical move and does everything to avoid the participation of Russian troops in the battle. The Russians retreat, leaving several thousand soldiers under the command of Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration near the village of Shingraben. He must cover the withdrawal of the remaining forces of the army and enable the combined forces of the three states to deliver a decisive blow. A temporary truce with the French Marshal Joachim Murat can also gain some time, however, Napoleon, realizing that the Russians are benefiting from this and seeing the catch, orders an immediate attack on the enemy.

The battle near an Austrian village showed that combat is not a beautiful sight, but an unsightly, soul-chilling horror: the groans of the wounded, the neighing of horses, the screams of the dying. All this was experienced by young Nikolai Rostov, who served as a cadet in the Pavlograd Hussar Regiment. The count could not withstand the stress of the battle, and, being wounded, showed some cowardice. He was not condemned: on the contrary, the soldiers who had been in the military meat grinder understood the condition of the young officer, who suffered greatly from pain in his arm, and from loneliness and the awareness of himself as useless to anyone, and from his own delusions. In this state, Nicholas was most tormented by the question: did he do the right thing by going to war?

And what about the prince - Andrei Bolkonsky? He lives in anticipation of a feat, being ridiculed by his colleagues. After the Battle of Shingraben, the prince met Captain Tushin, who accomplished a real feat: his battery continued to fire at the French without waiting for an order. As a result, a fire broke out from the shells, and the enemy army, unsuccessfully trying to put it out, was late for the general offensive. Russian troops managed to approach the prepared dispositions. Thus, this seemingly awkward man managed to turn the tide of the battle. However, Bolkonsky, oddly enough, was disappointed. He could not imagine that the heroic feat and military glory would go to Tishin, who was so timid in front of Marshal Bagration. However, he also admitted that “they owe the success of the day most of all to the action of this battery and the heroic fortitude of Captain Tushin and his company.”

Part three

Prince Vasily was the type of secular person who seemed to wish no harm to anyone, but at the same time wanted to succeed in life at all costs, for this purpose getting closer to necessary and useful people. Since Pierre Bezukhov suddenly became a very rich man, the prince had a plan to marry his beloved daughter Helene to him. Unfortunately, this intention, not without the help of cunning and seduction, was brought to life, and the naive Pierre, unable to resist the opinion of secular society, soon became the groom and then the husband of the insidious Helen Kuragina.

But Prince Vasily’s next plan to marry his son Anatole to the ugly but very rich Marya Bolkonskaya failed. The visit of these people to the estate of Nikolai Bolkonsky was received by the owner with great displeasure. Nikolai raised his daughter in strictness and zealously protected her from any bad influence, however, having learned about Prince Vasily’s intentions, he decided to leave Marya to make such a serious choice in life, although he saw that Anatole was by no means a good match for her. An incident helped save the girl from the fatal mistake of an unsuccessful marriage: the princess saw Anatole and Burien hugging. The reaction of the would-be bride was amazing: instead of being offended by her rival, she began to console her, promising that she would do everything for the happiness of her friend, who “loves him so passionately” and “repents so passionately.”

Meanwhile, good news arrived at the Rostovs' house: a letter from their son Nikolai, who was at war. The delighted count, entering his room, began to read the long-awaited news - and began to cry and laugh at the same time. Finally, the news that Nikolai was wounded and then promoted to officer was learned by everyone in the household - and they reacted violently to it.

Nikolai Rostov was informed that his relatives had given him letters and money, and he was going to receive them at the appointed place from Boris Drubetsky.

On November 12, the Kutuzov military army, which stood near Olmutz, was preparing to review two emperors - Austrian and Russian. Nikolai Rostov reacted to this event emotionally: the arrival of Emperor Alexander aroused joyful feelings in him: “He experienced “a feeling of self-forgetfulness, a proud consciousness of power and a passionate attraction to the one who was the cause of this celebration” and was ready, without hesitation, to give life for our native Fatherland, for the Tsar.”

Boris Drubetskoy decided to go to Olmutz to see Andrei Bolkonsky, in order to be promoted to adjutant under his patronage. It is not surprising that the young man wanted to make a career, because, unlike Nikolai Rostov, he did not have a lot of money.

The Russian army fought with the enemy in the battle to capture the city of Wischau and as a result won a brilliant victory. However, the impressionable Emperor Alexander, when he saw the wounded and killed, fell ill.

On November 17, a French officer named Savary arrived in Wischau for the purpose of a meeting with the Russian emperor. However, the sovereign refused a personal meeting and Dolgorukov was sent to negotiate with Napoleon, who, upon returning, reported that the French emperor was most afraid of a general battle.

The Russian army begins to prepare for the battle of Austerlitz, however, Mikhail Kutuzov is confident that this military operation is doomed to failure. But, contrary to his personal belief, he participates in the battle and is wounded in the cheek.

Andrei Bolkonsky, fighting in battle, at some point feels that he was wounded. This is how the author describes the emotional state of his hero during these difficult trials: “There was nothing above him anymore except the sky. Peering at him, Andrei finally realized that everything that had happened earlier was empty. “How come I haven’t seen this high sky before?” – he was surprised.

Paradoxically, Bolkonsky was saved from death by Napoleon, who, driving past, stopped and at first believed that the young man was already dead. However, having looked more closely, the emperor realized that life was still glimmering in him. Having assessed the situation, Napoleon ordered the wounded man to be taken to a dressing station, instructing his doctor Larrey to examine him, whose findings were disappointing. In the end, Andrei Bolkonsky was given to the care of the villagers.

main events of the novel War and Peace (volumes 1 and 2)? urgently needed =_= the answer “read the short one” is not taken into account. and got the best answer

Answer from Dasher_Dasher[newbie]
Volume 1.
PART 1
1.July 1805. Anna Scherer, maid of honor and close associate of Empress Maria Feodorovna, has a larger reception
2. The Rostovs celebrate the name day of Natasha’s mother and youngest daughter.
3.Farewell ceremony to Count Bezukhov. The count died. Pierre is the heir to everything and, moreover, is recognized as the legitimate son and therefore Count Bezukhov and the owner of the largest fortune in Russia.
4. Prince Andrei comes to Bald Mountains, on the estate of Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, with his wife and leaves her on his father’s estate.
PART II
1. October 1805. Russian troops occupy villages and towns of the Archduchy of Austria. Mack suddenly appears at Kutuzov's headquarters. The Austrians are defeated and surrender their entire army at Ulm.
Nikolai Rostov serves in the Pavlodar Hussar Regiment under the command of Captain Denisov.
On October 28, Kutuzov moved with the army to the left bank of the Danube.
The victory inspired the naked, exhausted soldiers.
2. Prince Andrei goes to Kutuzov. the battle. Retreat.
PART III
1.The wedding of Pierre and Helen.
2. Unsuccessful matchmaking between Anatoly and Marya Balkonskaya
3. The appearance of the French envoy Savary with a proposal for peace and a meeting between Emperor Alexander and Napoleon.
4. Defeat of the fourth column, which included Kutuzov himself, on the Pratsen Heights.
5. Injury of Andrei Balkonsky.
P.s.
I just wrote it myself, so if anything is wrong, sorry)

Answer from Gfnz gfnz[expert]
thank you very much) helped a lot))

Answer from Max Brodov[newbie]
thank you

Answer from 3 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: the main events of the novel War and Peace (volumes 1 and 2)? urgently needed =_= the answer “read the short one” is not taken into account.

Answer from 3 answers[guru]

Class: 10

When studying the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" 10th grade students have a number of difficulties associated, firstly, with the large volume of text, and secondly, with the complex interweaving of plot lines and characters, as well as with the writer's peculiar depiction of specific historical events. In this regard, I think it is inappropriate to create a “mosaic” reading of the novel and consider individual topics, jumping from one volume to another. Based on my own experience, I am convinced once again that it is difficult for tenth graders to retain in their memory a sufficient number of episodes and scenes from different volumes of the novel, collected for any one problem. Therefore, I propose to choose a different path to study the truly philosophical novel by L.N. Tolstoy, namely: gradual reading of the novel from volume to volume, repeating some of the topics of the lessons, for example, “The search for the meaning of A. Bolkonsky’s life in volume 1” and “The search for the meaning of A. Bolkonsky’s life in volume 3” (although the formulation of the topic for students can be change). “The episodes of War and Peace are connected among themselves, first of all, not by the unity of action in which the same characters participate, as in an ordinary novel: these connections are of a secondary nature and are themselves determined by another, more hidden, internal connection. From a poetic point of view, the action in War and Peace diverges in different directions and develops in parallel lines; the internal connection that constitutes the “basis of cohesion” lies in the situation, the basic situation of human life, which L.N. reveals. Tolstoy in its most varied manifestations and events,” says S. Bocharov in his book “Three Masterpieces of Russian Classics.” Thus, having analyzed certain stages of the heroes’ lives in volume 1, it will be easier for students to understand the meaning of their actions in subsequent volumes. As for teaching the analysis of individual episodes, this type of educational activity can be carried out in smaller genres: stories, novels. I think it’s clear why I’m moving away from the traditional study of the novel “with the help of isolated scenes” collected “piece by piece” from the entire work.

Of course, the process of planning lessons on the novel “War and Peace” is similarly complicated due to the reasons listed below and the small number of hours allocated by programs approved by the Russian Ministry of Defense. But you can begin this work by relying only on volumes 1 and 2 or on volumes 2 and 3, having studied others by analyzing individual episodes, as suggested by the author of the textbook and methodological guide Yu.V. Lebedev, teacher-researcher E.N. Ilyin, authors of teaching aids I.V. Zolotarev and T.I. Mikhailova and others.

Positive aspects of planning:

1. The opportunity to read a novel during the school term, if the novel was not read during the summer holidays.
2. Consolidating special educational skills and abilities on “repetitive” topics.
3. Awareness of Tolstoy's concept of personality development through observation of heroes in consistent, everyday life, along with “war” and “peace.”
4. Some themes remain traditional, for example, “Society in the A.P. Salon.” Scherer" and others.
5. The group form of activity predominates (and a lot of it), which allows most students to realize themselves in the lesson.
6. Motivation for a complete and deep reading of the novel from the first lessons, and not selecting material from all volumes.
7. The topics of lessons can vary taking into account personal characteristics and general educational skills and abilities of the 10th grade.

Negative aspects:

1. A simplified version for students of humanities classes.
2. More time is allocated for studying the novel by reducing extracurricular reading lessons.
3. There may be a need to “link” the text by the teacher himself due to the intellectual and personal characteristics of this class.
4. Some of the material still falls on independent study (reading - comprehension - conclusion).
5. Tenth-graders practically do not use textbook articles, with the exception of certain points, without which a correct understanding of the author’s text is impossible, for example, “The Philosophy of War by L.N. Tolstoy" (although I would classify this aspect as positive).

Some comments on the formulation of lesson topics and main activitiesstudents in class:

1. Topics related to the characterization of St. Petersburg through the salon of A.P. Scherer in volumes 1 and 2, can be built on the principle of contrast, paying special attention to the commented reading of the text.
2. Topics related to the analysis of the main characters: Pierre, Natasha, Andrei, Nikolai, can be “given away” for group forms of work. And in the lessons, analyze only the conclusions and conclusions of the students, which they came to in the process of independent reading and discussion with each other. As for the written presentation of the lesson, supporting diagrams and chapter summaries in the form of tables and abstracts are (even very) appropriate. But it is necessary to take into account that these topics are the most complex, since the character of the hero develops with each situation, positive or negative, and life for Tolstoy’s beloved hero becomes more and more difficult until the 4th volume of the work.
3. When studying the chapters that determine the main course of the war in the work, attention should be paid to individual tasks and commented reading with elements of retelling and analysis. It should also be taken into account that the writer's style changes. Often it turns from artistic to journalistic, especially when it comes to the philosophy of war.
4. Some topics need to be preserved in the form proposed by the authors of the teaching aids, for example, “Pierre's passion for Freemasonry” - different chapters from the second volume. The events that take place between these chapters are isolated scenes, therefore they have nothing to do with this topic and are easily “isolated” from it.
5. The topic of lessons like “Searching for the meaning of life of Pierre Bezukhov” can easily be limited to some volume and will look something like this: “Searching for the meaning of life of Pierre Bezukhov in volume 2.” A topic like this usually involves selecting material from the entire work “War and Peace,” but this work does not always achieve the desired result, since not all students can cover such voluminous material. Therefore, you can gradually get acquainted with the hero, returning to a similar topic after several lessons when studying each volume, collecting material for the final lesson.

The main types of activities of students during independent preparation for the lesson and during the lesson

Let's consider similar types of work using the example of volume 2 of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Main events of volume 2:

• Nikolai Rostov’s return from the war, the attitude of his family towards him, friendship with Dolokhov, losing at cards: “I didn’t do anything wrong. Have I killed someone, insulted someone, wished harm? Why such a terrible misfortune? (1, 1 -2, 10 - 16)
• Duel between Pierre and Dolokhov. “New” in Dolokhov’s character: “he was the most gentle son and brother” (1, 3 – 5)
• “But what am I to blame?...- That you married without loving her, that you deceived both yourself and her...” Pierre’s intention to “be separated forever” from his wife: “a week later Pierre gave his wife power of attorney for the management of all Great Russian estates, which amounted to more than half of his fortune..." (1, 6)
• Life in the family of Prince Bolkonsky: erroneous news of Andrei’s death, the birth and death of Liza Bolkonskaya: “I loved you all and never did anything bad to anyone, and what did you do to me?” Andrey's return to his wife and father. The birth of little Nikolenka: “...the priest anointed the boy’s wrinkled red palms and steps” (1, 7 – 9)
• Pierre’s acquaintance with the freemason Osip Alekseevich Bazdeev: “There is only one highest wisdom... In order to embrace this science, you need to cleanse and renew your inner man, and therefore, before knowing, you need to believe and improve...” Entry into Freemasonry (2, 1 -4) An attempt at reform - the liberation of peasants from serfdom (2, 10) Activities in the Masonic lodge. (3, 8)
• Second evening at Anna Pavlovna's. Still the same “unhappy and lovely” Helen Bezukhova. (2, 6 – 7)
• Changes in the life of the Bolkonsky family after 1805. Andrei’s life in Bogucharovo: “Prince Andrei, after the Austerlitz campaign, firmly decided never to serve in military service again...” Raising his son. (2, 8 – 9)
• Pierre's search for the meaning of life: “Pierre only now, on his visit to Bald Mountains, appreciated all the strength and charm of his friendship with Prince Andrei” (2, 11 – 14). Self-determination, life story in a diary (3, 8 – 9) “Pierre, after the matchmaking of Prince Andrei and Natasha, for no obvious reason, suddenly felt the impossibility of continuing his previous life” (5, 1)
• Return of Nikolai Rostov to the regiment. Denisov's injury. Negotiations between Alexander and Napoleon “through the eyes” of Rostov (2, 15 – 21)
• Prince Andrei Bolkonsky's search for the meaning of life: “Yes, he is right, this oak tree is right a thousand times,” thought Prince Andrei, “even if others, the young, again succumb to this deception, but we know life, our life is over!” (3, 1) “No, life is not over at thirty-one,” Prince Andrei suddenly decided, finally and without change.” Meeting Count Arakcheev, working on Speransky’s military regulations commission: “At the first time of his acquaintance with Speransky, Prince Andrei had a passionate feeling of admiration for him, similar to the one he once felt for Bonaparte” (3, 2 – 6)
• A ball at Catherine's nobleman's house on the eve of 1810 - the acquaintance of Natasha and Andrei, the development of relations between them. “Let’s leave the dead to bury the dead, but while you’re alive, you must live and be happy” Engagement with Natasha (3, 14 – 19, 21 – 26)
• Tolstoy's least favorite heroes: Berg and Vera. “Berg stood up and, hugging his wife, carefully so as not to wrinkle the lace weave for which he had paid dearly, kissed her in the middle of her lips” (3, 20)
• The hunt of the old prince Rostov, Nikolai, Petit, Natasha (4, 4 – 8)
• Christmastide (4, 9 – 12)
• Marriage of Boris to Julie Karagina (5, 5)
• Important “lessons” of Natasha Rostova: Natasha’s meeting with Anatoly Kuragin, the heroine’s self-deception. “Did I die for the love of Prince Andrey or not?” - she asked herself...” Anatole’s attempt to steal Natasha (5, 8 – 18) Meeting with Pierre “It seemed to Pierre that this star fully corresponded to what was in his soul, which had blossomed towards a new life, softened and encouraged” (5, 19 - 21)

After reading volume 2 and identifying the main events of each chapter or series of chapters, you can begin planning lessons, taking into account the number of hours for each volume + final lessons. It turns out not so much: about 4 - 5 lessons. Of course, in almost every lesson, in addition to the key idea, there will also be “near-theme” moments that will be picked up quite easily by the class, since the lesson is built, first of all, on the students’ knowledge of the text! When starting the stage of formulating the topic and idea of ​​the lesson, and in connection with this, setting goals, you need to do the following:

1. Identify some pattern in the main events of each chapter of volume 2, for example: the events of the first four moments in the life of different characters in the novel are very similar. Return of Nikolai Rostov from the war - loss at cards; Pierre's duel with Dolokhov - the former's disappointment in himself and, as a consequence of this, the desire to “get rid” of Helen in subsequent chapters; death and birth in the Bolkonsky family. You can combine these moments into one lesson, formulating the topic “Did Tolstoy’s favorite heroes find the meaning of life?” (one can argue about Nikolai Rostov). Let's move on: Pierre's acquaintance with the Freemasons, the second evening with A.P. Scherer, A. Bolkonsky’s life in Bogucharovo, P. Bezukhov’s self-determination, N. Rostov’s return to the regiment, A. Bolkonsky’s search for the meaning of life and the ball at Catherine’s nobleman - all this goes into the topic “The moral quest of heroes. Attempts to rethink one’s own life,” etc.
2. You can identify a more significant topic “The Path of Quest of Pierre Bezukhov” or “The Path of Quest of Andrei Bolkonsky”, and talk about the other heroes in the lesson “including”.

So, the approximate topics of lessons for volume 2:

1. Did they find their favorite heroes L.N. Tolstoy's meaning of life?
2. The path of quest of P. Bezukhov and A. Bolkonsky.
3. “Unloved” heroes of L.N. Tolstoy.
4. pp Analysis of the episodes “Hunting” or “Christmastide”. The strength of Russian character.
5. Important “lessons” from Natasha Rostova.

It is very interesting, using this form of planning, to compare and generalize repeated scenes. So the first two topics will help return students to the chapters of volume 1, to see that A. Bolkonsky’s life path is repeated in many episodes: “leaving” secular society and his wife for the war of 1805 - an “imaginary feat” and disappointment in his ideal - knowledge of the truth through the sky of Austerlitz - the death of his beloved wife - “departure” from the war (as it seemed forever) into a peaceful life - fruitless activities in the Speransky commission and futile transformations in his own estate - love for Natasha Rostova and revival of life - disappointment and “death” of Natasha for Andrei - “departure” for the war of 1812 - mortal wound and finding peace. Thus, the words “departure” and “truth” become key when analyzing the image of this hero. It is Prince Andrei who will have to endure a painful struggle with earthly attachments and, through his son, still touch the great secret, because his own attempts to “comprehend heaven” were not entirely successful. Yes, here on earth he was “too good,” according to Natasha. And Pierre says about him: “He always sought one thing with all the strength of his soul: to be completely good, that he could not be afraid of death.” The truth is revealed to the prince before his death, i.e. leaving, so he is calm. The path of P. Bezukhov’s quest is different. The main events that shape the character of this character are precisely in volume 2. Pierre's marriage to Helen (volume 1) entailed a number of events that made the hero suffer: rumors about his lover, a duel with Dolokhov, friendship with Bazdeev, the inability to confess his love to N. Rostova. He, too, is trying to find his truth, like Prince Andrei, but Pierre has a different “sky.” In these episodes, the most important questions of human existence are resolved - what is goodness, justice, human life, why does a person live on earth? In my opinion, not all students will immediately answer such questions, so we will provide them with another opportunity when studying volumes 3 and 4 of the novel “War and Peace.”

Fundamental question. Sophia. Sonya and Natasha. The best features of the “Rostov breed”. Countess Rostova and Natasha. Count Rostov. Rostov is known in Moscow not only as a hospitable host. Content. Denisov's squad. Countess of Rostova. What is family closeness based on in the Rostov family? Rostov Nikolai is the son of Count Rostov, brother of Vera, Natasha and Petya, officer. Peter. One of Natasha’s defining qualities and advantages.

“Bolkonsky “War and Peace”” - The role of the episode in the development of the action of the novel. Prince Andrey's idea of ​​the meaning of human life. Andrei Bolkonsky on the battlefield near Austerlitz. Sky of Austerlitz. The hero is petty. Second “meeting” with Napoleon in the hospital. Bolkonsky took part in the war. The idea of ​​spatio-temporal organization. Epithets characterizing Napoleon. Not only is greatness insignificant, life is also insignificant. “Meeting” with Napoleon after being wounded on the battlefield.

“Family theme “War and Peace”” - War and Peace. Family. Bolkonsky. Inductor. D. Shmarinov. "War and Peace" through the eyes of artists. Gap. What is formed in the family, according to L.N. Tolstoy. Life principles of the Rostov family. The Rostov family. Family. Socioconstruction. Life principles of the Kuragin family. Dementy Shmarinov. Bolkonsky. Lesson topic. Kuragins. Rostov. Life principles of the Bolkonsky family. Kuragins. Family thought. What is needed for happiness.

“Battle of Borodino “War and Peace”” - Flight of Napoleon. Victory at Borodino. Comparative analysis. Panorama of the people's battle. The Battle of Borodino in history. A writer's view. Historical significance of the Battle of Borodino. The desire to exterminate the French army. View of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Battle of Borodino.

“The World of Natasha Rostova” - Female images of the novel. Natasha and Helen. Analytical conversation. Conclusions on the image of the heroine. The author's search for a portrait of the heroine. Creative pre-work assignment. Natasha and the wounded Prince Andrei. Men in Natasha's life. Natasha's image in the epilogue. Meeting with Natasha. The ups and downs of Natasha Rostova. Favorite heroine of Leo Tolstoy. Reading the episode "At Uncle's". Natasha Rostova. Natasha's inner world. Russian character of Natasha Rostova.

“The Bolkonsky Family” - Nikolai Andreevich. Bolkonsky family. The Bolkonskys are true patriots. Prince Nikolai Andreevich is certainly an extraordinary person. Nikolenka. The active activities of the family have always been directed to the people and the Motherland. Andrei Bolkonsky is a purposeful person, not devoid of ambition. Marya Bolkonskaya. The Bolkonskys are extremely active people. The Bolkonsky family is described with undoubted sympathy. Disappointment overtakes Prince Andrey in the army.

About the novel. Leo Tolstoy based the storyline on the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1812. The author revealed the historical development of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century, describing the fate of the heroes of the book. A brief summary of the novel “War and Peace” by volume will allow us to understand the reasons for the defeat of the Russian army in the first half of the French invasion and its victorious offensive with the onset of winter.

Volume 1

In the first volume, the reader meets the main characters. Leo Tolstoy contrasted the peaceful, philistine picture of the idle life of St. Petersburg and Moscow with the horror that war brings. The writer achieved literary contrast using the example of the epoch-making battles of Schöngraben and Austerlitz.

Part 1

The middle of the summer of 1805 was remembered by a resident of the capital for an outbreak of influenza. Anna Pavlovna Sherer, who has connections in the royal family, fell ill. Being a popular person in the high society of St. Petersburg, she organized a party. The main characters of the book came here.

The first to enter was His Excellency Prince Vasily Kuragin. The Lord punished the respected man with heirs. From the mouth of this gentleman comes a quote that reveals the essence of his character, that children are a burden to existence. His Excellency arrived with his daughter Elena Vasilyevna. The beauty and socialite is accompanied by her older brother, Prince Ippolit Kuragin, “a calm fool,” according to his own father.

Following the Kuragins, Princess Liza Bolkonskaya, the beloved wife of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, arrived in all respects. The young people got married a year ago. A fragile woman has a rounded belly as a result of pregnancy. The noble lady brought her handicrafts to pass the time profitably.

The scene of the appearance of the young Count Pyotr Kirillovich Bezukhov attracted everyone's attention. The big, smart, timid illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov did not have time to learn the traditions and subtleties of etiquette of the high society of St. Petersburg. Therefore, he was coldly received by the mistress of the house.

Andrei Bolkonsky himself appears (the future image of the hero of the Fatherland), the husband of Liza Bolkonskaya.

At the end of the evening, Countess Drubetskaya compassionately persuades Prince Vasily to recommend her son, Boris Drubetskoy, as adjutant to Kutuzov. The remaining guests discuss Napoleon's role in the political arena of the world.

Pierre visits Bolkonsky's house, promises his friend not to get involved with the company of Anatoly Kuragin (the unlucky son of Prince Vasily). Lisa is indignant that her husband is going to war, and sends her to her father, Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, a prominent political figure at the court of Catherine II. Andrei Bolkonsky remains tough and adamant and leaves.

Pierre plunges into the wild life of St. Petersburg officers, which ended in scandal. Drunk young people, led by Kuragin Jr. and Dolokhov, tied the guard on duty to the back of the circus bear and let the animal swim into the river. Prince Bezukhov is punished; he is sent to Moscow, as to a calmer city.

And here is Moscow, a reception with the Rostov family on the occasion of the name day of Countess Mother Natalya and their daughter Natasha. Son Nikolai Rostov is caring for his fifteen-year-old cousin Sonya. And the young birthday girl likes Boris Drubetskoy.

The eldest daughter Vera behaves like an adult young lady, and little Petenka is distinguished by childish carelessness. The reader observes the differences in morals between St. Petersburg high society and Moscow. Sincerity, ease of communication prevail here, and family values ​​are held in high esteem.

Pierre Bezukhov arrived, having also been invited. But the young man is concerned about his father's illness. Behind his back, a real struggle of clans begins for the inheritance of the dying count. After all, Prince Vasily Kuragin, due to family ties, is a contender for the inheritance. This is a strong opponent. Pierre, appearing at the dying man's bedside, feels like a stranger. Grief for his father and natural awkwardness complicate the young man’s situation.

And in the Bald Mountains estate, Liza is languishing, left by Andrei in the care of his father and sister, Princess Marya. The daughter vegetates next to the eccentric old man, trying to share with him the burdens of his old age.

Part 2

The autumn of 1805 arrived. Kutuzov's troops were located on the territory of the Archduchy of Austria in the Braunau fortress. Kutuzov himself promises to return Dolokhov, demoted to private for a joke with a bear, his rank if he behaves in war as befits a Russian officer.

Prince Andrei serves under the hand of Kutuzov himself, compiling a report for the command on the movements of the Austrian army. 

Nikolai Rostov serves as a cadet, as a hussar of the Pavlograd regiment. Russian troops retreat to Vienna, destroying crossings and bridges behind them. A battle flares up on the Enns River; the overtaken enemy is repulsed by a squadron of hussars. Kolya Rostov serves here, this is his first military experience. The guy is having a hard time experiencing his state of indecision and confusion.

Kutuzov leads his army (35 thousand soldiers) down the Danube in order to save them from Napoleon's army, which at that time had 100,000 soldiers. Bolkonsky was sent to the city of Brunn with good news, there he met with the diplomat Bilibin and learned that the French had occupied Venna. Then he sees Prince Ippolit Kuragin, who is not respected by his colleagues.

Bilibin invites Bolkonsky to remain in the service of the Austrian king and predicts the defeat of Kutuzov’s army. Andrei decided to remain loyal to his commander-in-chief.

Bagration's army was ordered to detain the enemy for as long as possible. For 24 hours, the soldiers under the leadership of Bagration heroically held back the fierce onslaught, and then made an unimaginably difficult transition. Andrei Bolkonsky joins them to take part in the upcoming battle.

In this part of the novel, the theme of true and pathetic patriotism is clearly visible. The image of Tushin is a portrait of a Russian hero, whose heroism often remains unappreciated by his contemporaries. This is how the battle of Schöngraben went.

Part 3

Pierre Bezukhov managed to receive an inheritance and became an enviable groom. Prince Vasily without hesitation brings him together with his daughter Helen. The enterprising, caring father is simultaneously negotiating with Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky, trying to woo Maria from him for his youngest son Anatoly. Absolute affection for her father guides Princess Bolkonskaya’s decision. The girl refuses noble matchmakers.

The turn of the battle of Austerlitz came. The plan was approved in advance in St. Petersburg by Alexander I, so Kutuzov could not change anything. Getting enough sleep was the only parting word he gave to the army, relying on the will of God.

Bolkonsky could not sleep before the battle. The dream of glory occupies the thoughts of the Russian officer. When the morning fog cleared, a skirmish with the enemy took place. Bolkonsky noticed how the banner fell from the ensign’s hands, raised the banner and led the soldiers behind him. Here the hero was overtaken by a bullet, he lay down on the ground and with his eyes embraced the sky, endless, losing meaning for the dying warrior. By the will of fate, Andrei is saved by Napoleon himself.

Volume 2

Children grow up, go to extremes, are guided by the search for the meaning of life and fall in love. There are 6 years before the start of the war, events take place in the time frame from 1806 to 1812.

Part 1

Joy to the Rostovs, Nikolai and his friend Denisov came to them on vacation. The noble officer is fascinated by the beauty and intelligence of young Natasha.

Marriage to Helen changed the inner world of Count Bezukhov; he had to be disappointed in his hasty choice. Dolokhov behaves offensively, hinting to others about his ambiguous connection with Countess Bezukhova. Pierre challenges the battle-experienced Dolokhov to a duel. Unable to hold a gun firmly in his hands, the hero hits his wife's lover in the stomach. After the scandal, he gives Helen the management of most of his fortune and leaves for the capital.

In the Bald Mountains, Lisa is waiting for her husband; they do not tell her about his probable death. Suddenly young Bolkonsky arrives on the eve of his wife’s birth. Tragic moment - Bolkonskaya dies during childbirth. The boy was named Nikolai.

Dolokhov proposes marriage to Sonechka, but the girl, in love with Nikolai, refuses him. Angry, the officer drags Nikolai Rostov into a risky card game; the young man lost a lot of money.

Vasily Denisov proposes marriage to Natasha. Countess Rostova refuses the groom, pointing out her daughter’s early age. Nikolai is waiting for money from his father to pay off his gambling debt.

Part 2

Count Bezukhov joins the Masonic society. Prince Vasily asks his son-in-law to once again reconcile with his wife, but is refused. Time passes, Pierre becomes disillusioned with the Masonic movement. This happened at the end of 1806, when the French resumed hostilities in Europe. Boris Drubetskoy, having received a high appointment, breaks off contact with the Rostov house and often visits Helen Bezukhova. Pierre returns to Moscow to check the state of affairs of the estates and finds his condition in decline.

The world is changing, Russia and France become allies and begin to fight against Austria.

Prince Bolkonsky, having reached the age of 31, is trying to improve his life on the family estate, but being a soldier at heart, he does not find peace. He is invited to the Rostovs' house, he meets Natasha for the first time. The girl’s speech under the late sky sinks into the hero’s soul. He will remember her as sophisticated and romantic. In Moscow, Andrei, on behalf of Speransky, deals with state legislation and the structure of the section “Rights of Individuals”.

After his wife's betrayal, Pierre develops depression. The Rostovs are trying to politely discourage the newly relapsed Boris Drubetsky from the house. The eldest daughter Vera marries Berg.

First ball. Natasha Rostova was published on December 31, 1809. They had to dance for the first time, an experienced man Bolkonsky and a growing up girl Rostova fall in love. Their feelings are mutual, Prince Andrei comes to the Rostovs, listens to the girl’s singing, and feels happiness. Having met Pierre, Bolonsky tells his friend about his new love and his decision to get married.

The father dissuades his son from his choice with a scandal. Therefore, having proposed to Natasha, Bolkonsky asks to keep this event a secret. The wedding is postponed for a year. On the Bolkonsky estate, the old prince acts strangely, enraged by his son’s disobedience. Princess Marya is in a difficult situation.

Part 4

To improve the condition of the Rostov family, Nikolai comes to the family, but realizes that he does not know how to run a household. We rested while hunting, then Christmastide arrived. For the first time, the guy was able to appreciate Sonechka’s graceful beauty and admitted to his sister Natasha that he wanted to marry his cousin, which made her happy.

Princess Natalya was angry, she did not like her son’s choice, the poor niece was not a match for the young prince in her mother’s opinion. Kolya has a row with her mother, and she begins to ruin poor Sonya’s life, infringing on her, finding fault with little things. The son resolutely declares that marrying the girl will not be blessed if the mother continues to mock her.

Through Natasha’s efforts, a truce is achieved. The relatives agree that Sonya will not be run around, and Nikolai will leave for his duty station. The family is impoverished, but returns to Moscow, leaving the ailing countess in the village.

Part 5

Everything is complicated in the Bolkonsky family. Living in Moscow, father and daughter cannot find a common language. Natasha remains confused after an unkind meeting with them. In the opera she meets Anatol Kuragin, who wants to seduce the girl as soon as he meets her. First, she is invited to visit Helen Bezukhova, where the ladies' man passionately confesses his love for her, literally pursuing the inexperienced girl.

In letters that are secretly transferred to Natasha, Anatole writes that he will steal her in order to get married secretly. The young man fraudulently wanted to take possession of the girl, because he had already been married before. Sonya destroys the insidious plans of the seducer by telling Marya Dmitrievna about them. Pierre reveals to Natasha the secret about Anatoly Kuragin's married status.

Natasha breaks off her engagement to the Bolkonskys. Andrey learns the story with Anatoly. Pierre brings letters from his ex-fiance to Rostova, Natasha repents. Pierre has tenderness for the tearful heroine. Returning home, he was lucky enough to watch the fall of a comet.

Volume 3

The author reflects on the causes of the tragedy, which affected the lives of millions of people. War is an evil that people create with their own hands. The heroes of the novel will go through grief, pain and irreparable losses. Their world will never be the same again, only perceived through the prism of death.

Part 1

The Patriotic War began. Prince Bolkonsky returns to the army in order to take revenge on Anatoly for the desecrated honor of his bride. Then, as an officer, he accepts an appointment to the Western army.

Nikolai Rostov shows special courage and is awarded the St. George Cross. A tender relationship develops between Pierre and Natasha. The Moscow nobility gathers for a council. Pierre gives 1000 souls of peasants and their salaries to the militia.

Part 2

Prince Andrey writes to his father, asking for forgiveness. Advises the family to leave Bald Mountains, but the old man remains at home. Part of Moscow high society is happy to discuss the arrival of the French. Most of the people are patriotic. The tsar appointed Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of the entire Russian army in order to avoid conflicts between the command.

Princess Marya Bolkonskaya buries her father and finds herself in a difficult situation, from which Nikolai Rostov helps her get out. Denisov organized a full-fledged partisan movement. Prince Andrew and Pierre meet before the battle, discussing the importance of the fighting spirit of the soldiers themselves in the outcome of the battles, and not just the ability of the commanders to give orders.

Prince Andrei is wounded in the stomach by a grenade fragment; he sees Kuragin on the operating table and forgives his enemy.

Part 3

Wartime philosophy is cruel. The decision to surrender Moscow to the French was extremely difficult for the Russian people. Kutuzov wanted to save the army, and therefore Russia. The evacuation has begun. On the Borodino field, Pierre receives a letter from his wife asking for a divorce. Natasha watches the convoy with the wounded and finds Andrei there, trying to take care of him along the retreat route. The girl asks her beloved for forgiveness and receives it.

Napoleon sets foot in a city abandoned by the people. The conqueror feels the bitterness of disappointment, because every abandoned city built of wood burns down without people. Moscow burned down. Pierre plans to kill Napoleon, but the attempt fails. Instead, he saves a girl from a burning house.

Volume 4

The end of 1812 turned out to be dramatic for the heroes of the novel and for the state. In a short time, millions of people tramped across Russia, first from west to east, then in the opposite direction. This is the people, and not each general, genius or ruler taken separately.

Part 1

The battle on the Borodino field died down on August 26. The next day, the sick Helen Bezukhova died, and on the third day Kutuzov reported that Russian troops had been withdrawn from Moscow. In 10 days, the cultural city turned to ashes and was abandoned by enemy troops.

Nikolai Rostov was sent to Voronezh even before the Battle of Borodino. For the provincial inhabitants, the cavalier-hussar was an authority that was worshiped, especially by girls. But the warrior’s heart is occupied by Princess Marya. The governor's wife, being an experienced woman who knows life, points out to Rostov that Princess Bolkonskaya can really make a worthy match for the young man.

But what about Sonya? He himself promised to marry her. In the house of governor Anna Ignatievna, Rostov meets Princess Bolkonskaya. Their relationship develops. If the guy remembered Sonya with a smile, then he thought about the princess with inner fear and trembling. The mother sends a letter, telling how Natasha is caring for the wounded Andrei. Then an envelope arrives from Sonya, she knows about the sympathy between him and the prince’s sister, and breaks off the engagement with him.

Pierre was captured and sentenced to death. But by the will of God, the execution ceremony was disrupted. Princess Marya reached Yaroslavl and became friends with Natasha, who was caring for her brother. The girls spend the last days of his life with Andrei.

Part 2

Everything that was conquered by the French army, all achievements were destroyed by Napoleon. After leaving the burned Moscow, Bonaparte began to make gross tactical mistakes. The troops could be left for the winter in the burned city, or moved to St. Petersburg or in another favorable direction. Of all the possible options, the most disastrous path was chosen.

Movement along the broken Smolensk road weakened a strong army, deprived of the opportunity to feed. As if Napoleon planned to destroy his own army. Or was Kutuzov a genius who surrendered Moscow as a trap?

In captivity, Pierre achieved peace of mind. Hardships hardened his body and spirit. Among ordinary people he looked like a hero.

Part 3

A people's war is different in that ordinary people take up arms. They are unpredictable in their rage, they are driven by a strong desire to drive away a crowd of aggressive little people from their land, who even speak someone else’s funny and incomprehensible language. This is how the partisan movement grows, in which people are fighting, filled with a sense of patriotism.

Young Petya Rostov dies in Denisov’s partisan detachment, having freed the captive Pierre by chance. The French army retreats in panic, soldiers rob convoys of neighboring detachments in order to get food. So simply greatness, devoid of kindness, simplicity and truth, turns into insignificance.

Part 4

Natasha changes with the loss of Andrei, having rethought life, the girl understands what duty is, how attached she is to her family, to her mother. Countess Rostova is unable to bear the loss of her son Petenka. The formerly energetic fifty-year-old woman turned into old, sick and weak. The mother's spiritual strength has left her; only her daughter's care saves her from death.

Natasha and Maria experienced so many losses together that the war made them friends, and they returned to Moscow together.

Epilogue

Part 1

A year later, Count Rostov, the father of the family, the breadwinner and support of his children, dies. Severe depression covers Natasha after his death. Pierre Bezukhov comes to the rescue and, being a widower, marries her.

The relationship between Nikolai and Marya is developing successfully. The man, having received his father’s inheritance with debts, did not dare to propose to the girl for a long time. But Princess Bolkonskaya convinced him that debts could not be an obstacle to the happiness of two loving hearts. Separation is a more painful process for both.

Their wedding took place in the fall of 1814, and the young family moved to Bald Mountains. Nikolai Rostov borrowed money from Count Bezukhov, within three years he got the estate back on its feet and out of debt.

The year 1820 came, many events happened, there were four children in the Bezukhov family. Friends gather at the Rostovs. Again, the author contrasts two houses, different ways of life, and the manner of communication between spouses. It’s like two parallel worlds in one state. Different dreams, goals and ways to achieve them.

Part 2

The political arena of Europe in the period from 1805 to the end of 1812 stands out against the background of its historical development by a sharp change in events. The First Patriotic War was a people's war, where every patriotic act of an ordinary person became decisive. The laws and patterns of war do not work under the pressure of the people's will, which manifests itself in the desire for freedom.

It is the will of people united by misfortune that resists the passion for destruction of one or several people, smart, trained and educated. Heroes die for freedom, not knowing the laws of history and economics. Freedom is also a natural force, like the electrical force and the force of attraction; It only manifests itself in the feeling of life, in the desire to develop, to find new life goals.