Grushnitsky's attitude towards women. Essay on the topic “Comparative characteristics of Pechorin and Grushnitsky. New artistic media

Comparative characteristics of Pechorin and Grushnitsky? Preferably a table. Thanks) and got the best answer

Answer from Puma[guru]
Pechorin was an aristocrat by birth and received a secular upbringing. Having left the care of his relatives, he “entered the big world” and “began to wildly enjoy all the pleasures.” He soon became disgusted with the frivolous life of an aristocrat and became bored with reading books. After the “notorious story in St. Petersburg,” Pechorin was exiled to the Caucasus. Drawing the appearance of his hero, the author with a few strokes indicates his aristocratic origin: “pale”, “noble forehead”, “small aristocratic hand”, “dazzlingly clean linen”. Pechorin is a physically strong and resilient person. He is endowed with an extraordinary mind, critically assessing the world around him. He reflects on the problems of good and evil, love and friendship, and the meaning of human life. In the assessment of his contemporaries, he is self-critical: “We are no longer capable of great sacrifices, either for the good of humanity, or even for our own happiness.” He has a great understanding of people, is not satisfied with the sleepy life of the “water society” and gives destructive characteristics to the capital’s aristocrats. Pechorin’s inner world is revealed most fully and deeply in the story “Princess Mary,” where his meeting with Grushnitsky takes place.
Grushnitsky is a cadet, he is the most ordinary young man, dreaming of love, “stars” on his uniform. Making an impact is his passion. In a new officer's uniform, dressed up, smelling of perfume, he goes to Mary. He is mediocrity, he has one weakness that is quite forgivable at his age - “to be draped in extraordinary feelings”, “a passion to recite”. He seems to be striving to play the role of a disappointed hero, fashionable at that time, “a creature doomed to some kind of secret suffering.” Grushnitsky is a completely successful parody of Pechorin. That is why the young cadet is so unpleasant to him.
With his pitiful behavior, Grushnitsky, on the one hand, emphasizes the nobility of Pechorin, and on the other, as if erasing any differences between them. After all, Pechorin himself spied on him and Princess Mary, which, of course, was not a noble act. And he never loved the princess, but simply used her gullibility and love to fight Grushnitsky.
Grushnitsky, as a narrow-minded person, at first does not understand Pechorin’s attitude towards him. Grushnitsky seems to himself to be a self-confident person, very insightful and significant: “I feel sorry for you, Pechorin,” he says condescendingly. But events are developing imperceptibly according to Pechorin’s plans. And now the cadet, overwhelmed by passion, jealousy and indignation, appears before us in a different light. He turns out to be not so harmless, capable of revenge, dishonesty and meanness. The one who just recently played at nobility is today capable of shooting at an unarmed person. The duel scene reveals the essence of Grushnitsky, shoot, I despise myself, and I hate you. If you don’t kill me, I’ll stab you at night from around the corner. There is no place for the two of us on earth... Grushnitsky rejects reconciliation Pechorin shoots him in cold blood. The situation becomes irreversible. Grushnitsky dies after drinking the cup of shame, repentance and hatred to the end.
On the eve of the duel, remembering his life, Pechorin thinks about the question: why did he live? for what purpose was he born? And then he himself answers: “Oh, it’s true, she existed, and, it’s true, I had a high purpose, because I feel immense strength in my soul.” And then Pechorin realizes that he has long been playing “the role of an ax in the hands of fate”
So, the image of Grushnitsky helps to reveal the main thing in the central character of the novel. Grushnitsky - a distorting mirror of Pechorin - highlights the truth and significance of the experiences of this “suffering egoist”.

The main character of the novel, Pechorin, lived in the thirties of the nineteenth century. This time can be characterized as the years of gloomy reaction that came after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising of 1825. At this time, a man of progressive thought could not find use for his powers. Unbelief, doubt, and objection have become features of the consciousness of the younger generation. They rejected the ideals of their parents from the cradle, and at the same time they doubted moral values ​​as such. That is why V.G. Belinsky said that “Pechorin suffers deeply,” not finding use for the immense powers of his soul. By creating “A Hero of Our Time,” Lermontov portrayed life as it really was. And he found new artistic means that neither Russian nor Western literature had yet known and which captivate us to this day by combining a free and broad depiction of faces and characters with the ability to show them objectively, “building” them, revealing one character through the perception of another

Let's take a closer look at the two heroes of the novel - Pechorin and Grushnitsky. Pechorin was an aristocrat by origin and received a secular upbringing. Having left the care of his relatives, he “set out into the big world” and “began to wildly enjoy all the lures.” The frivolous life of an aristocrat soon becomes boring to him, and he is also tired of reading books. After a “loud story in St. Petersburg,” Pechorin was sent to the Caucasus. Drawing the appearance of his hero, the author with a few strokes indicates not his aristocratic origin: “pale”, “noble forehead”, “small aristocratic hand”, “blindingly pure whiteness”. Pechorin is a physically strong and resilient man. He is endowed with an extraordinary mind and critically evaluates the world around him. He reflects on the problems of good and evil, love and friendship, and the meaning of human life. In the assessment of his contemporaries, he was self-critical: “We are no longer capable of making great sacrifices for the good of humanity, or even for our own happiness.” He has a wonderful understanding of people, is not satisfied with the sleepy lives of the “water society” and gives destroying characteristics to the capital’s aristocrats. Pechorin’s inner world is revealed most fully and deeply in the story “Princess Mary”, where his meeting with Grushnitsky takes place. Grushnitsky is a cadet, he is the most ordinary young man who talks about love, “stars” on his shoulder straps

Making an effect is his passion. In a new officer's uniform, dressed up so that he smells of perfume, he goes to Mera. He is mediocrity, his inherent weakness can be entirely excused at his age - “draped in extraordinary feelings”, “passion to recite”. It’s as if he wants to play the role of a disappointed hero, fashionable at that time, “a creature doomed to some kind of secret suffering.” Grushnitsky is a completely successful parody of Pechorin. That is why the young cadet is so unpleasant to him. With his pitiful behavior, Grushnitsky, on the one hand, emphasizes the nobility of Pechorin, and on the other, seems to erase any differences between them. After all, Pechorin himself spied on him and Princess Mary, which, of course, was not a noble act. And he never loved the princess, but simply used her gullibility and love to fight Grushnitsky. Grushnitsky, as a narrow-minded person, at first does not understand Pechorin’s attitude towards him. Grushnitsky seems to himself to be a self-confident person, very soulful and significant: “I feel sorry for you, Pechorin,” he says condescendingly

But the events are not captured as they develop according to Pechorin’s plans. And now the cadet, outraged by passion, jealousy and indignation, appears before us in a different light. He turns out to be no longer so innocent, capable of revenge, shame and meanness. The one who just recently played at nobility is today capable of shooting at an unarmed person. The duel scene reveals the essence of Grushnitsky, shoot, I neglect myself, and I hate you. If you don’t kill me, I’ll stab you to death at night from around the corner. There is no place for the two of us on earth... Grushnitsky rejects reconciliation Pechorin shoots in cold blood at him. The situation becomes irreversible, Grushnitsky dies after drinking the cup of shame, repentance and hatred to the end. On the eve of the duel, mentioning his life, Pechorin thinks about the question: why did he live? for what purpose was he born? And here he himself answers: “And, probably, it existed, and, probably, I had a high purpose, because I feel immense strength in my soul.” And here Pechorin realizes that he has long been playing “the role of an ax in the hands of fate.” “The immense powers of the soul” - and Pechorin’s petty, worthless actions; he wants to “love the whole world” - and brings people only evil and misfortune, the presence of noble, high aspirations - and petty feelings that control the soul; a thirst for the fullness of life - and complete hopelessness, awareness of one’s doom. Pechorin is lonely, his situation is tragic, he is truly a “superfluous person.”

Lermontov called Pechorin “a hero in his time,” thereby protesting against the romanticism of the idealized idea of ​​a contemporary, portraying the image of Grushnitsky as a parody of romanticism. For the author, a hero is not a model for inheritance, but a portrait made up of the vices of the entire generation in his development. So, the image of Grushnitsky helps to reveal the main thing in the central character of the novel. Grushnitsky is a distorting mirror of Pechorin - it reveals the truth and significance of the experiences of this “suffering egoist”, the depth and exclusivity of his nature. But in the situation with Grushnitsky, the whole danger that lurks in the depths of this human type, the destructive force inherent in individualistic philosophy, inherent in romanticism, is revealed with particular force. Lermontov did not seek to pass a moral verdict

He only with great power showed all the depths of the human soul, devoid of faith, riddled with skepticism and disappointment. Pechorinism was a typical disease of the time. And it was not about these or the people of the generation of the 30s of the last century that M. Yu. Lermontov said in the famous “Duma”: “... We will pass over the world without noise or a trace, we have scattered not a single thought of the prolific centuries to the geniuses of the work that has begun.”

In the spring of 1940, a separate edition of the work “Hero of Our Time,” written by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, was published. This novel has become one of the most interesting and extraordinary phenomena in Russian literature. This book has been the subject of numerous studies and debates for more than a century and a half. It does not lose any of its sharpness and relevance these days. Belinsky also wrote about this book that it was never destined to grow old. We also decided to contact her and write our own essay. Grushnitsky and Pechorin are very interesting characters.

Generation Feature

Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin, the main character of the novel in question, lived during the time of Lermontov, that is, around the thirties of the nineteenth century. This time was a period of gloomy reaction, which followed in 1825 and its defeat. A man of advanced thinking could not find use for his talents and strengths at that time. Doubt, disbelief, denial were features of the consciousness of the young generation of those years. The ideals of their fathers were rejected by them “from the cradle,” and then these people began to doubt moral norms and values ​​as such. Therefore, V. G. Belinsky wrote that “Pechorin suffers deeply” because he cannot use the mighty powers of his soul.

New artistic media

Lermontov, creating his work, depicted life as it really is. This required new ones and he found them. Neither Western nor Russian literature knew these means, and to this day they evoke our admiration due to the combination of a broad and free depiction of characters with the ability to objectively show them, to reveal one character through the prism of the perception of another.

Let's take a closer look at the two main characters of this novel. These are Pechorin and Grushnitsky.

Image of Pechorin

Pechorin was an aristocrat by birth and received a standard secular upbringing. Having left parental care, he went “to the big world” in order to enjoy all the pleasures. However, he soon became tired of such a frivolous life, and the hero also became bored with reading books. Pechorin, after some story that made a splash in St. Petersburg, is exiled to the Caucasus.

Depicting the hero’s appearance, the author indicates with a few strokes his origin: “noble forehead”, “pale”, “small” hand. This character is a resilient and physically strong person. He is endowed with a mind that critically evaluates the world around him.

The character of Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin

Pechorin thinks about the problems of good and evil, friendship and love, about the meaning of our lives. He is self-critical in his assessment of his contemporaries, saying that his generation is incapable of making sacrifices not only for the good of humanity, but also for their personal happiness. The hero has a good understanding of people, he is not satisfied with the sluggish life of the “water society”, he evaluates the capital’s aristocrats, giving them destructive characteristics. Pechorin is revealed most deeply and fully in the insert story “Princess Mary”, during a meeting with Grushnitsky. and Grushnitsky in their confrontation - an example of a deep psychological analysis of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.

Grushnitsky

The author of the work “Hero of Our Time” did not give a name and patronymic to this character, calling him simply by his last name - Grushnitsky. This is an ordinary young man, a cadet, dreaming of great love and stars on his shoulder straps. His passion is to make an impact. Grushnitsky goes to Princess Mary in a new uniform, smelling of perfume, dressed up. This hero is a mediocrity, which is characterized by weakness, forgivable, however, at his age - a “passion to recite” and “drape” into some extraordinary feelings. Grushnitsky strives to play the role of a disappointed hero, fashionable at that time, posing as a creature endowed with “secret suffering.” This hero is a parody of Pechorin, and a completely successful one, because it’s not for nothing that the young cadet is so unpleasant to the latter.

Confrontation: Pechorin and Grushnitsky

Grushnitsky, with his behavior, emphasizes the nobility of Grigory Alexandrovich, but, on the other hand, seems to erase all differences between them. After all, Pechorin himself spied on Princess Mary and Grushnitsky, which, of course, is not a noble act. He, it must be said, never loved the princess, but only used her love and gullibility to fight his enemy, Grushnitsky.

The latter, as a narrow-minded person, does not at first understand Pechorin’s attitude towards himself. He seems to himself to be a self-confident person, very significant and insightful. Grushnitsky says condescendingly: “I feel sorry for you, Pechorin.” However, events are not developing according to Grigory Alexandrovich’s plans. Now, overwhelmed by jealousy, indignation and passion, the cadet appears before the reader in a completely different light, turning out to be far from so harmless. He is capable of meanness, dishonesty and revenge. The hero who recently played the role of nobility is now capable of firing a bullet at an unarmed person. The duel between Grushnitsky and Pechorin reveals the true nature of the former, who rejects reconciliation, and Grigory Alexandrovich shoots and kills him in cold blood. The hero dies, having drunk the cup of hatred and shame and repentance to the end. This is, in brief, the confrontation waged by the two main characters - Pechorin and Grushnitsky. their images form the basis of the entire work.

Reflections of Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin

Before going to the duel (Pechorina with Grushnitsky), Grigory Alexandrovich, remembering his life, asks questions about why he lived, why he was born. And he answers it himself that he feels a “high purpose”, immense strength within himself. Then Grigory Alexandrovich understands that he has long been only an “axe” in the hands of fate. A contrast arises between spiritual strength and small actions unworthy of a hero. He wants to “love the whole world,” but only brings misfortune and evil to people. High, noble aspirations degenerate into petty feelings, and the desire to live a full life - into hopelessness and a consciousness of doom. The situation of this hero is tragic, he is lonely. The duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky clearly showed this.

Lermontov named his novel this way because the hero for him is not a role model, but only a portrait that constitutes the vices of the generation contemporary to the author in their full development.

Conclusion

The character of Grushnitsky, thus, helps to reveal in Pechorin the main qualities of his nature. This is a distorted mirror of Grigory Alexandrovich, highlighting the significance and truth of the experiences of the “suffering egoist”, the exclusivity and depth of his personality. With particular force in the situation with Grushnitsky, all the danger lurking in the depths of this type, the destructive force inherent in the individualistic philosophy that is inherent in romanticism, is revealed. Lermontov showed all the abysses of the human soul, without trying to pass a moral verdict. Pechorin and Grushnitsky, therefore, are not positive and Pechorin’s psychology is by no means unambiguous, just as some positive qualities can be found in Grushnitsky’s character.

In the novel, Lermontov portrayed a man of his time, for, according to the author, Pechorin is “a portrait, but not of one person: it is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development” (preface to the novel). Thus, the author, drawing the main character, depicts the modern era, its content, its morals and values. The idea of ​​the novel is that Pechorin with all his talents (knowledge of life, energy, will, intelligence, observation, etc.) remains a “superfluous person”, since he does not share “neither general opinions nor passions” (A.S. .Pushkin. “Eugene Onegin”, 8, ХI) of his time. Ordinary success in life (only career, money) does not interest him, and he does not see other (high and worthy) life goals around him.

Pechorin in the novel is characterized in a variety of ways: through appearance, actions, thoughts, pictures of nature, through comparison with minor characters. In other words, the main character becomes the center of the novel, all other characters play a service role in relation to him, forming a kind of social background for him, on the one hand, and emphasizing his personal qualities, on the other hand.

The image of Grushnitsky is no exception in this sense, although in terms of significance in the novel it is comparable only to the image of Maxim Maksimovich. So, Grushnitsky belongs to the “water society” and, therefore, bears the general stamp of mediocrity and vulgarity. Pechorin met him in the active army, and then accidentally met him on the waters, where Grushnitsky was recovering from his wounded leg. Grushnitsky is only five years younger than the main character, and he has all the qualities of a young nobleman of that time. He successfully pursues women and, thanks to his pleasant appearance, as well as his mysterious demeanor, is successful. He diligently spends his life, having fun at officer parties, playing cards, participating in duels. Following the general hobby, he even composes “funny epigrams.” It was the desire for romantic impressions, as Pechorin claims, that pushed Grushnitsky to enroll as a cadet in the active army, where he was “reputed as an excellent brave man.” In other words, Grushnitsky begins life in much the same way as many young nobles of his time. It can be assumed that Pechorin five or six years ago was the same young cadet. But this is where the similarity between the protagonist and the “romantic cadet” ends.

Already on the first pages of “Princess Mary” Pechorin gives a characterization of Grushnitsky, in which the fundamental differences between the two heroes are visible. Juncker is an extremely proud person; he is not interested in anything except his own person and his own feelings. “I could never argue with him,” notes Pechorin. “He doesn’t answer your objections, he doesn’t listen to you.” Grigory Alexandrovich, of course, is also not devoid of pride, which he honestly admits to himself in his diary, but this feeling does not prevent him from carefully and successfully studying the people around him. His adventures described in the novel prove this: he easily falls in love with a variety of girls (the mountain girl Bela, the socialite Mary), cleverly plays on Azamat’s cherished desires and forces the boy to kidnap Bela for a wonderful horse.

Grushnitsky is not very smart. “His epigrams... are never sharp and evil,” notes Pechorin. The main character, on the contrary, is a man of remarkable intelligence, this is evident from his deep judgments about those around him (the apt characteristics of Werner, Grushnitsky, Mary, Vera), from his original thoughts about friendship, love, and the nature of people. We can confidently say that he is an educated person, as evidenced by his citation of A.S. Griboedov and A.S. Pushkin, knowledge of philosophy (disputes with Werner), history (before the duel he recalls an anecdote about Julius Caesar), literature (the night before the duel he reads W. Scott’s novel “The Scottish Puritans”),

Grushnitsky is a rather cowardly person who “in action waves his saber, screams and rushes forward, closing his eyes.” Pechorin is an intelligently brave man. When he decided to disarm the murderer Vulich, he prepared well and thought through his actions: through the crack of the shutter he carefully examined the drunken Cossack and his weapon, and ordered the captain to distract the drunken man’s attention with conversation. Only after this Pechorin chose an opportune moment and, tearing off the shutter, jumped into the hut. Careful preparations do not detract from Pechorin’s courage and courage shown in this episode.

In Grushnitsky’s soul, as the protagonist remarks, “there are many good qualities.” In themselves, pride, limited intelligence and cowardice are not terrible vices, for these qualities are inherent in very many ordinary people. But, combined together in one character, they make the cadet very unpleasant and even dangerous in critical situations. Offended pride (Mary chose Pechorin over him) pushes Grushnitsky to meanness: he spreads gossip about the princess, not caring at all about her good name. Before the duel, he agrees to another meanness: the dragoon captain, with the knowledge of Grushnitsky, loads only his pistol, and Grushnitsky, having received the right to the first shot, shoots at an unarmed man.

In the character of Pechorin, when compared with Grushnitsky, one finds: intelligence, courage, life experience, will, nobility. The main character not only defends the honor of Princess Mary in a duel, but also worthily interrupts the love affair, which, however, he himself began out of boredom. He did not want to further deceive the girl in love, much less somehow take advantage of her sincere feelings. According to Belinsky, both Pechorin is a portrait of his generation, and Grushnitsky is “a representative of a whole class of people, a household name.” This is a petty person, not remarkable for anything except his unfounded claims to exclusivity. Next to him, the superiority of Pechorin’s personality emerges more clearly. However, Lermontov is not limited to depicting the personal confrontation between the two heroes; it is fundamentally important that the story presents a social opposition between Grushnitsky and Pechorin.

Firstly, the main character despises secular society with its petty interests, selfishness, and dirty intrigues. (All these negative traits are demonstrated by representatives of the “water society”. The captain of the dragoon, for example, disliked Pechorin over a trifle. The main character prevented the affair that the “valiant cavalryman” had planned against Mary: at the ball she carelessly pushed the fat lady, the captain’s lady.) Grushnitsky, unlike the main character, dreams of penetrating secular society, tries to get acquainted with aristocrats, and acquires external secular manners.

Secondly, Pechorin sincerely experiences his disappointment in life, the lack of worthy goals, loneliness and uselessness, as evidenced by his diary entries (conclusion to “Taman”, philosophical reasoning in “Fatalist”). His thoughts on the eve of the duel deserve special attention. The image of a deeply unhappy person appears before the readers: his aimless life has already tired him and he lives by inertia, without interest, without hope. His love did not bring happiness to anyone; he will die and no one will regret him; There is not a single person on earth who would understand Pechorin completely: “Some will say: he was a kind fellow, others - a scoundrel. Both will be false.” Grushnitsky plays the role of an unrecognized and disappointed hero. For him, disappointment is fashion and the opportunity to “get interested.” The pose, panache, and false pathos in the cadet are brought to the point of ridiculousness: according to Pechorin, he “drapes himself in extraordinary feelings, sublime passions and exceptional suffering.”

In conclusion, it should be said that Lermontov, portraying the hero of his time, masterfully uses the technique of opposition. In “Bel” and “Maxim Maksimovich” Pechorin is depicted in comparison with the “good captain”, in “Fatalist” - with Vulich, in “Princess Mary” - with Grushnitsky.

A psychological, intellectual, social gap is discovered between the main character and the cadet, making them irreconcilable enemies. This conflict can only be resolved by a duel in six steps. It’s not for nothing that Grushnitsky’s last words, which he throws in Pechorin’s face, are: “Shoot! I despise myself, and I hate you. (...) There is no place on earth for the two of us...".

Maxim Maksimovich differs from Pechorin in age, character, education, and social status. They both see this difference very well, which, however, does not prevent them from liking each other. The external differences between Pechorin and Grushnitsky are not so significant: they are almost the same age, hereditary nobles, belong to the same social circle. At the same time, the internal contrast-rivalry between Pechorin and Grushnitsky is indicated in the novel more sharply and definitely than the differences between Pechorin and Maxim Maximovich.

In the novel “A Hero of Our Time,” Lermontov tried to contrast the main character with another character. This made it possible to most clearly reveal the character and show how different their views on life are.

A comparative description of Pechorin and Grushnitsky in the novel “A Hero of Our Time” will help the reader understand that, despite the external similarity of the characters, they have little in common and they are completely different personalities, but this makes it even more interesting to observe their actions throughout the entire work.

Childhood and education

Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin nobleman. In whose veins flowed aristocratic blood. His parents gave him a good upbringing, as befits among people of their level. Rich and educated. Resident of St. Petersburg.

Grushnitsky of noble origin. A guy from the people. Provincial. His parents are the most ordinary people. Having grown up in the village, he always strived to leave his native place in order to achieve something in life, and not to vegetate in the wilderness out of boredom. Received a good education. Romantic by nature.

Appearance

Gregory a young man, about 25 years old. The breed was visible in his entire appearance. A blond whose hair was naturally curly. Black mustache and eyebrows. High forehead. Brown, cold eyes. Medium height. Well built. Pale complexion. Small hands with long, thin fingers. The gait is slightly careless. Pechorin dressed well and richly. Clothes are clean and always ironed. He does not attach importance to appearance, does not try to impress.

Grushnitsky 20 years old. Black-haired. The skin is dark. Well built. Whiskered. Facial features are expressive. Loves to make an impression. Attaches great importance to appearance.

Character

Pechorin:

• reasonable. Self-assured;
• has a great understanding of people and relationships;
• has an analytical mind;
• cynic. Witty and sarcastic. Manipulates people for his own purposes;
• proud;
• restrained in showing emotions;
• secretive;
• makes good use of its advantages.

Grushnitsky:

• romantic;
• emotional;
• does not know how to manipulate people;
• likes to pretend to be a sufferer. Tends to dramatize everything;
• smart;
• selfish by nature;
• spiteful and envious;
• strives to please everyone;
• capable of betrayal.

The role of Pechorin and Grushnitsky in society

Pechorin always behaved as if challenging himself and the world around him. He is disappointed with life. He cannot find a place for himself in society and engage in activities to his liking. This eternal search for the meaning of life exhausted and devastated him. Tired and lonely. He ridicules the capital's aristocrats, seeing through their vices.

Grushnitsky enjoys life in modern society. He likes social evenings, where he has the opportunity to show himself and feel like one of them. For him, this lifestyle is acceptable. He strove for it with all his soul, dreaming about it since childhood.

They are similar to each other, but at the same time too different. Grushnitsky is a pathetic parody of Pechorin. In an effort to keep up with Pechorin, he is ridiculous and absurd. The character of Grushnitsky revealed in Pechorin the depth of his soul, the basic qualities of nature.