Negation in the future tense. Future indefinite tense. Future Simple (Future Indefinite)

Let's look at how to construct different types of interrogative sentences in the simple future tense in English. So, future simple. Questions in Future Simple.

We remember that in Russian there are 2 forms of the future tense: simple and complex. A simple form is formed by changing the verb: to go - I’ll go, to eat - I’ll eat, to pour - I’ll pour. Complex - using the word “will” and the infinitive - I will walk, I will eat, I will pour. In English, only this is expressed by one form of the future tense - will+ infinitive. I will pour\ll pour=will pour.

Let's remember what types of questions exist in English:1. General question- Will you go to school? 2. Alternative question: Will you go to school or stay at home? 3. Special question: What time will you go to school? 4. Dividing question or “question with a tail”-You'll go to school, won't you? Are you going to school?

I will take examples from English textbooks.

General question: Will+ who+ verb + rest +?(Don’t forget to put a question mark at the end of the sentence. Otherwise you always forget)

Will you play basketball tomorrow?— We start translation with the subject. — Will you play basketball tomorrow? (when translating, words can be rearranged to sound better in Russian). If translated as in English, it would be: Will you play basketball tomorrow? - some kind of nonsense. More examples:

Will they come to me next Sunday? — Will they come to me next Sunday?(Remember that we do not use prepositions with the word next.)

To turn a statement into a general question, you need to move the word will to the first place in the sentence. — My father will get a nice present tomorrow. — Will my father get a nice present tomorrow?— Will my dad receive a wonderful gift tomorrow? (in this case, the “who” part is expressed by pronoun + noun = my father) Will they find the orchid? — Will they find the orchid?

Alternative question. It is built using the conjunction “or” - or. And there is always a choice of “something or something.” Will +who+ verb+ rest +or+ something else+? Will you go to school or stay at home? — Will you go to school or stay home? Will you be reading a fairy tale or an adventure story? — Will you read a fairy tale or adventure story? Will your mom cook soup or bake a cake? — Will your mother make soup or a cake?

The answer to this question will be complete: I will stay home. Or briefly: Adventure story. Cake

Special question:Question word+ will+who\what+verb+ rest+?

Question words: What- what, which, where- where, where, When- When, How much\many- How many How long— how long (in time) Why — why\why

1. Where will the event take place? — Where will the event take place? 2. When will the pie be ready? — When will a cake be done? 3. How much will it cost? — How much will it cost? 4. Why are you going there? — Why will you go there?

The answer to a special question will be a complete affirmative sentence. Or short without subject and predicate. — The pie will be ready in 15 minutes\ In 15 minutes. — A cake will be done in 15 minutes\ In 15 minutes.

In real life, the short form is more often used. Children at school are forced to write complete nonsense.

Alternative question.It is constructed using an affirmative sentence in the future tense + ,+negative tail (won’t + pronoun?) or vice versa: a negative sentence in the future tense + ,+positive tail (will +pronoun?)

The Future Simple/Indefinite Tense is a basic future tense that denotes assumptions, plans, and upcoming actions. It affirms future facts and personal aspirations.

The future simple is formed by a modal will/shall+ pure infinitive, often shortened to ‘ ll in stylistically neutral statements. Future simple negation - willnot/won't before the infinitive.

I'llbeback - I'll be back

Shall

Shall (shan't in negation) – formal future form.

I shall be at the airport to meet you in person – ImeetingYoupersonallyVairport

We shall make every effort to answer your inquiry as soon as possible – Welet's applyAllpossibleeffortsForansweronYourrequestHowCanfaster

Otherwise with shall questions are asked to I/we– in the meaning of a proposal or request.

ShallI come with you? - To megoWithyou?

What shall we do tomorrow? - Whatwe willdoTomorrow?

Shall sometimes strengthens determination (except for the 3rd person).

I shall go anyway – I’ll goBy-any!

Ishan'tlethimbullyme – I won't let him bully me

You shall have whatever you want – UyouwillAllWhatif you want

Future-prime meanings

• predictions

Samwillbeheretomorrow – Sam will be here tomorrow

Tonight’s program will be very interesting – EveningprogramwillVeryinteresting

If I get that job, I’ll go out and celebrate – IfI'll get itthiswork, I'll go somewherecelebrate

It’ll be a difficult year for the new Prime Minister – Fornewpremierethisyearpromisesbedifficult

When she returns, she’ll find a lot of changes – Whenwill return, shewill discovera bunch ofchanges

Where will you be this time next year? - WhereYouyou willsmooththroughyear?

• announcements/forecasts

The new President will move into the White House tomorrow – TomorrownewThe presidentwill move inVWhitehouse

Rain will continue throughout the day – Alldaywill continuerain

The temperature will reach 40 o C tomorrow – Tomorrowtemperaturewill reach40 degrees

The number of students will fall over the next 5 years – Bfollowing5 yearsnumberstudentswill fall

• hopes/expectations

(after verbs like assume, believe, doubt, expect, hope, reckon, suppose, guess, wonder, be sure, be afraid and adverbs like perhaps, possibly, probably, definitely, certainly)

I expect they’ll be here soon – I’m waitingtheiras soon as possiblearrival

Do you think she'll bring her boyfriend? - Howyou think, shewill leadWithyourselfguy?

I’m afraid we won’t be on time for the meeting – I’m afraid, WeNotwe'll have timeTomeeting

I’m sure you’ll enjoy yourself there – I’m sure, youthereI'll like it

I’ll probably be home late this evening – Perhaps, ITodayI'll be late

I expect she’ll phone this evening – Waitingthat she will call in the evening

Idon'tthinkI'llgoouttonight – It’s unlikely that I’ll go for a walk tonight

I wonder what will happen – InterestingWhatwill

• strong intentions

I'llgetsomemilkintown – I’ll go buy milk in the city

I’ll buy her a present this afternoon – AfterlunchI'll buyto herpresent

I’ll take this leg of lamb – I’ll take it-kathislambleg

I’ll have an orange juice, please – To meorangejuice, Please

I’ll phone her now – I’ll ring-kato herNow

I think I’ll have something to eat – Perhaps, I'll take itwhatsomedayeat

• readiness

(with verbs like promiseswear,guarantee)

I’ll do it for you, I promise – II'll do itThisForyou, I promise

Willdo you open the window, please? - Notopen itwindow, Please?

Willwill you please be quiet? - Be quieterthere!

I’ll look after the kids for you – YesII'll take a lookbehindchildren

He won’t come with me – HeNotwill gowithme

Yes, I’ll come with you – Yes, II'll goWithyou

I’ll definitely tell him the truth this time – BthisonceIexactlyI'll tell youto himthe truth

Stop that or I’ll call the police – EnoughorII'll callpolice!

I’ll help you as much as I can – I’ll helpyouhowCan

I can see you’re busy, so I won’t stay long – I see, Youbusy- Notwilldetain

I won’t tell anyone what happened – Ino oneNotI'll tell youOwhat happened

I’ll phone you when I get there – I’ll callyou, WhenI'll get therethere

• sentence (interrogative)

ShallI help you with that? – Help?

Shallwe invite them round for dinner? - Invitetheirondinner?

WhatshallIdo? - What should I do?

• failures (with won't)

I'vetriedtoadviseherbutshewon'tlisten – I tried to advise her, but she doesn’t want to listen

Thecarwon'tstart – The car refuses to start

Temporary instruction

• adverbs (adverbial phrases) of the future tense

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tonight, soon, next week/month/year, in 2/3 days/weeks…

English Joke

The crowd in the car was packed suffocatingly close. The timid passenger thought of pickpockets, and thrust his hand into his pocket protectively. He was started to encounter the fist of a fat fellow-passenger.

“I caught you that time!” the fat man hissed.

"Thief yourself!" snorted the timid passenger. "Leggo!"

"Scoundrel!" shouted to the fat man.

“Help! Stop thief! the little fellow spluttered, trying to wrench his hand from the other’s clasp. As the car halted, the tall man next the two disputants spoke sharply:

"I want to get off here, if you dubs will be good enough to take your hands out of my pocket."

Future action can be expressed in many ways in English. The most famous of them is Future Simple(simple future tense). However, it is not as “simple” as it seems at first glance. This time has many functions and we invite you to explore them in our article.

How is the Future Simple formed?

Statement

In order to form Future Simple, we need an auxiliary verb will. The subject will come first, followed by will, in third place - the main verb without a particle to.

You may have once heard that auxiliary verbs Future Simple- This shall And will. Yes, it was like that, but a long time ago. Today will is the only auxiliary verb, and shall sometimes used in questions.

In an affirmative sentence will combines with a pronoun to form an abbreviated form:

• I'll come.
• She'll understand.
• They'll agree.

Negation

In a negative sentence, a particle appears between the auxiliary verb and the main verb not.

In a negative sentence will combines with a particle not, forming a shortened form. But there is one feature here - a change in the form of the word: will + not = won't. For example:

• It won't break.
• We won't find.
• You won't see.

Question

Question in Future Simple begins with an auxiliary verb will followed by a subject and a main verb.

We have separated all functions Future Simple into 3 groups, so that it is convenient for you to study at this time. If you're not already familiar with it, the first place to look is the green box. It contains the basic functions required for the entry level. In the yellow frame you will find those functions that are needed at the intermediate level. And in red there are more rare and complex cases of use Future Simple, studied at a high level.

Using the Future Simple

First level

Future Simple denotes the same phenomena as Present And Past Simple, only in the future.

1. When we express single actions in the future.
   

   We will take a taxi. - We let's take Taxi.

   He will spend his vacation in China. - He will hold vacation in China.

2. When an action will be repeated several times in the future.
   

   I will go to London a few times next year. - I I'll visit London repeatedly next year.

   Words that indicate future action may be used in this tense: tomorrow(Tomorrow), tonight(tonight), the day after tomorrow(day after tomorrow), next week(next week), next year(next year), in a week / in a month(in a week / in a month), soon(soon) etc.

   She will call me tonight. - She will call to me In the evening.

3. Future Simple used when we make a decision instantly and immediately voice it, in other words, when we make spontaneous decisions.
   

   I will order a steak and chips, and you? - I I'll order steak and fries, how about you? (I came to the restaurant, looked at the menu and spontaneously chose a steak)

   Hold on. I "ll get a pen. - Wait, I I'll get it handle. (there was a need to write something down, so I immediately said that I needed to take a pen)

When else is the Future Simple used?

Average level

1. Future Simple used when we make an assumption about an action in the future, that is, we think, suspect or guess that some action will happen in the future.
   

   This website will give you lots of useful information. – On this site you you'll find a lot of useful information.

   People won't go to Jupiter even in 100 years. - People won't fly to Jupiter even after 100 years.

   Such sentences often contain words showing assumption, doubt, certainty or uncertainty: think(think), hope(hope), believe(to count, to believe) wonder(to be interested) expect(expect), imagine(imagine, imagine) be sure(sure), be certain(sure), be afraid(afraid); probably(probably), certainly(definitely), perhaps(Maybe):

   I am sure you will enjoy the film. - I sure what's the movie for you I'll like it.

   The rain won't probably stop soon. - Rain, probably, will end not soon.

2. Will can be not only an auxiliary verb of the future tense, but also a modal verb. The situation in such sentences most often refers to the future, and we will also translate the future tense into Russian. By using will we can pass multiple values:
   • Promise.
     

     I will come and see you before leaving. - I I'll visit you before leaving.

   • Offer.
     

     Will you have a cup of tea? - You have a drink a cup of tea?

   • Please.
     

     Will you help me to find an earring? I dropped it in the bathroom. - You will you help should I find an earring? I dropped it in the bathroom.

   • Warning or threat.
     

     Don’t drink coffee at night. You will have problems with sleep. - Don't drink coffee in the evening. At your place will sleep problems (warning)

     Listen carefully to me or I will punish you. – Listen to me carefully, or I will I'll punish you. (threat)

     Sometimes the actions in such sentences are similar to simple single actions in the future. If in oral speech you want to emphasize that your words are a promise or a warning, then highlight will voice. The offer and request are usually presented in the form of a question.

Complex cases of using the Future Simple

High level

You know what's next if(unless) we use will. Students learn this “reinforced concrete” rule when they meet. But it can be violated in two cases.

1. If if is used not as a condition, but as an indirect question, then you can use will. An indirect question is a subordinate clause that begins with a conjunction if/whether(whether), but it is not a question. It maintains regular word order and puts a period at the end rather than a question mark. Don't confuse indirect questions with conditional sentences. In both cases the conjunction is used if, but in a conditional sentence there is a condition: something can be done if the condition ( if= if). In an indirect question there is no condition, it has an alternative: can you do something or can’t ( if= whether).
   

   I want to ask if he will go to Japan next year. - I want to ask, will he go he's going to Japan next year.

   I have no idea if she will like these flowers. - I have no idea, will you like it these flowers for her.

2. Will can be used in conditional sentences after a conjunction if(if) as a modal verb. In order to emphasize modality, we place a strong emphasis on will. Situations can relate to both the present and the future, but in Russian they are more often translated into the future tense. We can supply will after if:
   • When will It means “to do something persistently and persistently,” that is, to continue to defend one’s opinion without listening to others.
     

     If you will stand your ground, you will lose your job. – If You you will continue to stand on your own, you will lose your job.

   • When will denotes a polite request.
     

     If you will pass the salt, I will be obliged. – Pass it on, Please, salt, I will be grateful to you.

3. One of the functions will as a modal verb - to show the speaker’s reluctance to do something. In this case will denotes a situation in the present, therefore it is translated using the present tense. Usually in such sentences we need to highlight will voice, so we let the interlocutor understand that will is a modal verb, not an auxiliary verb Future Simple.
   

   I've tried to give her advice, but she won't listen. “I wanted to give her advice, but she doesn't want to listen. (we want to emphasize her reluctance to listen)

   My father won't lend me his car. - My father doesn't want to borrow your car. (he shows reluctance to borrow a car)

4. Sometimes we use Future Simple, when we talk about a pre-planned event in a formal speech style. Most often, in this case, we report not only about the event itself, but also about some of its details.
   

   The meeting will begin at midday. The presentation will start at 12.30. - Meeting will begin at noon. Presentation will begin at 12:30.

   Please note that we usually use or construction when we talk about a planned action in the future, as well as when we talk about a scheduled action.

   We 're having a meeting in the café in two hours. – We have a meeting in a cafe in two hours.

   I 'm going to have a meeting with Andy today. - Today I going to meet Andy.

   The meeting begins at 9 a.m. - Meeting will begin at 9 am.

At the time Future Simple a wide range of tasks, and for most future situations you will be able to find a suitable function. It can rightly be called the “universal” future tense. Of course, like any English time, Future Simple can be found in unexpected contexts, so at all levels of language proficiency you will learn something new about it.

To better remember the functions Future Simple, take the following test. You can also download a table with forms of forming the simple future tense in English.

(*.pdf, 184 Kb)

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Test

Future Simple Tense - simple future tense

The Future Simple Tense represents the simple future tense in English. It is a temporary form that can express a one-time, constant, as well as periodically or constantly repeated action, which refers to the future tense and is described in speech.

Education Future Simple

Affirmative form of sentence

Forming the Future Simple is not a complicated matter. The auxiliary verb will is required. It should be noted that the Future Simple formula is constructed quite simply and is easy to understand for those who are just starting to learn the language: first the subject will be in the sentence, then the verb will will be located, and in third place there will be the main verb, which will be missing the particle to. Previously, the auxiliary verbs were shall and will. Now the latter is the only variant of the auxiliary verb of this tense, and shall is only sometimes used to construct some questions, which is discussed below.

Any form of an affirmative sentence in the future tense in English will be constructed like this:

I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will + first form of the semantic verb.

Examples:
I will come to you. - I will come to you.
He will do this for you. - He will do it for you.

The verb will in the affirmative form can be combined with a pronoun into a more convenient shortened form: I’ll, He’ll, They’ll.

The form to be in the Future Simple is not considered separately, since the verb to be does not change, as it does in the Present Simple or Present Continuous. The verb to be in the future tense has its original form.

Negative form of sentence

Sentences in the Future Simple can also be constructed in negation. To do this, it is enough to add the particle not to the auxiliary verb.

The formula in this case looks like this:
I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will not + first form of the main verb.

Examples:
I will not come to you. - I won't come to you.
He will not do this for you. - He won't do this for you.

For a regular negative sentence in the Future Simple Active, you can also use the easier-to-use form with will not: will + not = won’t. This formulation is used more often than the usual one.

Interrogative form of a sentence

Questions in the Future Simple are also constructed quite simply. Any interrogative sentence begins with the verb will (except for special questions discussed below), followed by the subject and the semantic verb in its first form. It looks like this: Will + I/he/she/it/we/you/they + the first form of the semantic verb.

Will I come to you? - I will come to you?
Will he do this for you? – Will he do this for you?

Special questions

In addition to general questions, special ones are also used in the future tense. To construct them, the following words are required: who (who), what (what), when (when), which (which), whom (to whom), where (where). In this case, the formula looks like this: question word + will + pronoun + first form of the semantic verb.

In the case of using the interrogative word who (who), there is no pronoun in the formula, since it is the answer to the question asked.

Who will go with you? -Who will go with you?
What will we see in Italy? – What will we see in Italy?

Application of the future tense

The rules and examples of using the Future Simple are quite varied.

Tense is used to make a prediction about a specific action in the future. That is, a person thinks or guesses that some specific action will happen:

The book will give you lots of useful information. – In this book you will find a lot of useful information.

In sentences you can find verbs that directly indicate doubt, some kind of assumption, confidence or uncertainty about something:

think, hope, believe, expect, imagine;
be sure, be certain, probably, perhaps.

You can pass a variety of values:

• A simple action and a fact in the future: You will go to the theater tomorrow. – You will go to the theater tomorrow.
• Repeated action in the future: In Italy I will go for a walk every day. – In Italy I will go for a walk every day.
• Consistent actions in the future: I will cook breakfast and we will eat with my sister. – I will prepare breakfast and we will eat with my sister.
• Promise: He will come and help you with all things before leaving. – He will come and help you with all your things before leaving

.

• Spontaneous decision: Look at this interesting book! I will buy it immediately! – Look at this interesting book! I'll buy it right now!
• Offering something or doing something: Will they have a cup of tasty coffee? – Will they drink a cup of delicious coffee?
• Request for something: Will he help her to find a book? – Will he help her find the book?
• Threat or warning: Listen to me or I will be angry. - Listen to me or I'll get angry.
• An action that will happen that we do not influence: She will be eleven next month. – She will be 11 next month.

Using shall

Is the auxiliary verb shall relevant for use in the Simple Future tense? This word has long been considered obsolete, which is why examples of sentences with it are practically absent in practice.

But you can still find this auxiliary verb in official documentation and texts or in outdated formulations. It is also sometimes used to form sentences in which we ask someone's opinion. Future Simple - examples using shall:

Shall I buy this T-shirt? – Should I buy this T-shirt?

You can sometimes find shall in the same meaning as “must”. Using the Future Simple with shall:
She shall buy this T-shirt for me. – She should buy this T-shirt for me.

A proposal for spending time together, when the Shall we design is an analogue of Let’s:
Shall we watch TV? — Shall we watch TV?

An offer to do something for someone:
Shall I help him? -Can I help him?

What will be the clue?

To accurately determine Future Indefinite Tense, you need to pay attention to the markers, which are time indicators. With such simple clues, you can understand that in front of you is a sentence and wording from the Future Indefinite Active.

Examples of Future Simple satellite words:

Tomorrow – tomorrow
The day after tomorrow - the day after tomorrow
Next day, week – next day, week
In one day - every other day
Tonight - in the evening
Soon - soon.

Demonstrative words can be different and refer to different periods in the future. With the help of such markers, a detailed sentence for Future Indefinite Tense is formed.

Future Simple and will are used to express thoughts regarding future actions or certain states. If you want to start learning English, this time will be mastered by you quickly enough, so you can start learning now! If you have any questions or conclusions about your achievements, leave your comments.

Future Simple (Future Indefinite)— future simple tense of English. It is generally used to refer to an event that may occur in the indefinite future or in the very distant future. For more detailed rules for forming the Future Simple in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences, auxiliary words and examples of using the future tense, see below.

Education Future Simple

The Future Simple is formed by adding the auxiliary verbs shall / will and the first form of the verb. Formula for forming an affirmative (narrative) sentence:

Noun + shall / will + verb

As a rule, shall is used with the 1st person singular, but this is not a rule. Will can be used with all pronouns (I, You, He / She, We, They, It). Also shall and will can merge with a pronoun and then only the ending ll remains. Examples:

I will play football. - I will play football.

I'll do my work someday. “I’ll do my job someday.”

To form a negative sentence in the Future Simple, it is necessary to place the fraction not after shall / will. Formula for forming a negative sentence:

Noun + shall / will + not + verb

In this case, shall not can merge into shall not, and will not into will not. Examples of using a negative sentence:

I shall not let you down. - I won't let you down.

Tomorrow he will not go to the school. — Tomorrow he won’t go to school.

The Future Simple interrogative sentence is formed in the following way:

Shall / Will + noun + verb

Examples of using an interrogative sentence:

Shall we go to the cinema tomorrow? - Shall we go to the cinema tomorrow?

Will you go with us? -Will you come with us?

Future Simple Indicator Words

As in the Past Simple and Present Simple, the future tense has its own auxiliary words that help determine whether the Future Simple is used or not. There are 4 most commonly used marker words and phrases:

Cases in which the Future Simple is used

Below are some uses of the Future Simple that will help you navigate your conversation when choosing the tense at which you want to express your opinion.

Future simple

Use case I: promise to do something

The Future Simple is often used when a person promises to do something in the future:

I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. “I promise I won’t tell him about the surprise party.”

Don't worry, I'll be careful. - Don't worry, I'll be careful.

I will call you when I arrive. - I'll call you back when I arrive.

Use case II: predicting future events

The Future Simple can be used when trying to predict something in the future. IN in this case the phrase to be going to can also be used. examples:

The year 2222 will be a very interesting year. — The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.

John Smith will be the next President. — John Smith will be the next president.

The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards. — The film “Zenith” will win several Academy Awards.

Use case III: instant reaction to something

In this case, the Future Simple is used to answer a request or react to some action that has taken place. examples:

Will you help me to move this heavy table? —Will you help me move this heavy table?

A: I'm really hungry. - I'm really hungry.
B: I’ll make some sandwiches. — I'll make some sandwiches.

I will not do all the housework myself! — I won’t do all the housework alone!

Use case IV: listing sequential actions or repeating actions

Another use of the Future Simple is to list sequential and repeating actions that will occur in the future. Eg:

I cannot wait for my vacation. I shall go to the river, swim and fish every day. - I can't wait for the holidays. I will go to the river, swim and fish every day.