Aksakov's work for children. Aksakov, Sergey Timofeevich. cartoons

Aksakov’s fairy tales are very few in number, there are only a couple of them, but suffice it to say that it was this author who wrote the fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower” and we immediately understand what talent this man had. Infinitely kind, filled with touching and tender feelings - she is unique.

Read Aksakov's fairy tales

Aksakov himself told how in childhood he fell ill and the housekeeper Pelageya was invited to him, who was a master at telling all sorts of stories and fairy tales. The boy was so captivated by the story about the Scarlet Flower that he couldn’t fall asleep. When Aksakov grew up, he wrote down the story of the housekeeper from memory, and as soon as it was published, the fairy tale became a favorite among many boys and girls.

About Aksakov

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich was born in Moscow in 1791. Aksakov spent his childhood in Ufa under the significant influence of his grandfather, who seriously influenced the boy’s worldview. He studied at the gymnasium, moving on to the university. While studying, I began to write. Initially these were small poems, sentimental, maybe even youthfully naive. Later, he writes various essays, but literary creativity is not his main occupation and he returns to it only occasionally. Censor and critic Sergei Aksakov writes a lot of notes and occupies quite a significant place in literary circles.

Aksakov's works begin with his first prose essay Buran. The text is wonderful, the descriptions of nature are breathtaking. And this work was noticed by Aksakov’s contemporaries. A little later, he attracted attention with his Notes on Fishing and Hunting.

Tales of Aksakov. The Scarlet Flower

At the age of 63, Sergei Aksakov begins writing “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” a biography book. This is a work in which Aksakov’s inner experiences in childhood, his mental life are described in artistic language. The fairy tale The Scarlet Flower was a kind of supplement to this publication. Sometimes this tale is also called the tale of the housekeeper Pelageya. The plot is famous: beauty and the beast.

Aksakov’s fairy tales do not hide the fact that they are just literary adaptations, but The Scarlet Flower has become Aksakov’s most popular work.

The Aksakov or Oksakov family, as they were called in the old days, was ancient and went back to the noble Varangian who moved to Rus' in the 11th century with his retinue. Among the Aksakovs there were boyars, governors, and generals, but the most famous was the name of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, a Russian writer.
Seryozha Aksakov was a very gifted boy. At the age of four he already read well, and at the age of five he recited poems by Sumarokov and Kheraskov by heart, retold in his own way and even acted out the tales of “The Arabian Nights.”
Aksakov was interested in literature and theater both during his student years at Kazan University and during the first years of his service in St. Petersburg. Later, having already moved to Moscow, being a censor of the Moscow Censorship Committee and an employee of the Moskovsky Vestnik magazine, he became a famous theater critic and was the first to appreciate the talent of M.S. Shchepkin and P.S. Mochalov.
Sergei Timofeevich realized his literary calling very late and wrote his first books when he was already well over fifty. At this time, S.T. Aksakov was the father of a large and friendly family, the hospitable owner of the house, where all the literary, theatrical and musical Moscow gathered. Friends (and among them were N.V. Gogol, M.N. Zagoskin, I.S. Turgenev, young L.N. Tolstoy) admired Aksakov Sr.’s stories about Russian antiquity, about family legends, about the beauty of the land that he , a passionate hunter and fisherman, knew better than anyone.
To the author's fiction “the soul was not lying down”, and therefore in his books S.T. Aksakov simply talked about what he knew and loved best. “Notes on Fishing” (1847) and “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” (1852) captivated readers and critics with the accuracy and subtlety of observations of the life of nature and the poetry of language.
Anyone who wants to know what Russia was like in the old years should read S.T. Aksakov’s books “Family Chronicle” (1856) and “Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson, serving as a continuation of “Family Chronicle”” (1858).
The writer, without inventing anything, slowly and simply tells the story of his family. About how freely people once lived in the Ufa steppes, how bright and transparent the rivers were, how fresh and green the forests were, and how the nightingales sang all night in the spring, not letting them sleep... People, the ancient Russian district nobility, lived in harmony with the whole of God’s world. , who knew a lot about work, and fun, and everything.
In the appendix to “Childhood Years...” there was a fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower” - perhaps the kindest and wisest of all fairy tales written in Russian.
Fate left Aksakov very little time for creativity. My health was failing, my eyes were weakening (I had to dictate). But the inner vision became more and more bright, the language became more and more flexible and expressive.
S.T. Aksakov died without completing everything he had in mind. But what he managed was enough. He was loved by his contemporaries and his descendants love him. Everyone who reads his books finds peace of mind and joy. And the more time passes, the stronger the anxiety for the fate of the Earth and people, the more dear Aksakov’s word is to us and the more important his advice is:

From a message to M.A. Dmitriev, 1850

Margarita Pereslegina

WORKS OF S.T.AKSAKOV

COLLECTED WORKS: In 3 volumes - M.: Khudozh. lit., 1986.
Everyone knows S.T. Aksakov - “the singer of native nature” and a storyteller. But few people know his most interesting “Literary and Theatrical Memoirs,” which sound unexpectedly modern now that the Russian theater is 250 years old. Don’t miss also “The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol,” which contains not only memories of Sergei Timofeevich’s great friend, but also correspondence with him. Therefore, read all three volumes from cover to cover.

THE SCARLET FLOWER: The Tale of the Housekeeper Pelageya // Fairy tales of Russian writers. - M.: Reading Circle, 2001. - P. 64-89.

THE SCARLET FLOWER: The Tale of the Housekeeper Pelageya / Preface. A. Sharova; Rice. L. Ionova. - M.: Det. lit., 1985. - 32 p.: ill.
“In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a rich merchant, an eminent man.
...and that merchant had three daughters, all three were beautiful, and the youngest was the best..."
A merchant gathered for trade overseas and promised each of his daughters whatever gift she wanted. And the smallest, most beloved, - “a scarlet flower, which could not be more beautiful in this world...”

CHILDHOOD YEARS OF BAGROV-GRANDSON; THE SCARLET FLOWER. - M.: AST: Olympus, 1998. - 553 p. - (School of classics: Book for students and teachers).

CHILDHOOD YEARS OF BAGROV-GRANDSON: Tale / Artist. A. Itkin. - M.: Det. lit., 2001. - 349 pp.: ill. - (School library).
Aksakov’s memory preserved all the events of his childhood: from the first years of infancy to early adolescence. The love and affection of a mother, “hunting trips” with her father, all the sounds, smells and colors of the steppe region live in the book, as if two centuries have not passed since then...

STORIES ABOUT NATIVE NATURE / Intro. Art. N. Pakhomova; Rice. G. Nikolsky. - M.: Det. lit., 1988. - 142 pp.: ill.
S.T. Aksakov’s early essay “Buran”, chapters from the story “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson”, chapters from “Notes on Fishing” and “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” are very good for a first acquaintance with the writer’s prose.

FAMILY CHRONICLE; CHILDREN'S YEARS OF BAGROV-GRANDSON / Intro. Art. A. Khomyakova; Artist I. Falaleev. - M.: Novator, 1996. - 387 p.
“Family Chronicle” tells about two generations of the Aksakov family, called here the Bagrovs, with their children and household members, peasants and servants. At the end of the 18th century, family traditions and the way of life of the Russian estate were still majestic and unshakable. The author conveyed priceless details of antiquity with care and love.

Margarita Pereslegina

LITERATURE ABOUT THE LIFE AND WORK OF S.T.AKSAKOV

Abramtsevo: State. history-art. or T. museum-reserve. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1981. - 217 pp.: ill.

Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich // Theater: Encyclopedia. - M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2002. - pp. 12-13.

Arzumanova O. Abramtsevo during the Aksakovs // Museum-Reserve “Abramtsevo”: Essay-guide. - M.: Illustrate. art, 1984. - pp. 15-72.

Bogdanov V. Formation of man // Aksakov S. Childhood years of Bagrov-grandson; Garin-Mikhailovsky N. Childhood Themes; Stanyukovich K. Stories; Mamin-Sibiryak D. Stories. - M.: Det. lit., 1994. - pp. 3-13. - (B-ka world lit. for children).

Voitolovskaya E. S. T. Aksakov in the circle of classical writers: Doc. essays. - M.: Det. lit., 1982. - 220 pp.: ill.

A brief chronicle of the life and work of S.T. Aksakov; Materials for the biography of S.T. Aksakov; Criticism about the work of S.T. Aksakov // Aksakov S. Childhood years of Bagrov-grandson; The Scarlet Flower. - M.: AST: Olympus, 1998. - P. 356-482.

Mann Yu. Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich // Russian writers: Biogr. Dictionary: In 2 volumes - M.: Education, 1990. - T. 1. - P. 22-24.

Mann Y. The Aksakov Family: Ist.-lit. feature article. - M.: Det. lit., 1992. - 384 p.

Mashinsky S. S. T. Aksakov: Life and creativity. - Ed. 2nd. - M.: Artist. lit., 1973. - 575 pp.: ill.

Nizovsky A. Abramtsevo // Estates of Russia. - M.: Veche, 2005. - P. 3-9.

Pakhomov N. Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov // Russian writers in Moscow. - M.: Moscow. worker, 1987. - pp. 147-165.

Sokolov-Mikitov I. Honestly // Sokolov-Mikitov I. Collection. Op.: In 4 vols. - L.: Khudozh. lit., 1987. - T. 4. - P. 214-219.

Starodub K. Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich // Starodub K. Literary Moscow: Historical and local history. encyclopedia for schoolchildren. - M.: Education, 1997. - P. 17-19.

Sharov A. Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov // Sharov A. Wizards come to people. - M.: Det. lit., 1985. - pp. 21-49.

M.P.

SCREEN ADAPTATIONS OF S.T.AKSAKOV’S WORKS

- ART FILMS -

Scarlet Flower: Based on the fairy tale of the same name by S.T. Aksakov. Scene N. Ryazantseva. Dir. I. Povolotskaya. Comp. E. Denisov. USSR, 1977. Cast: L. Durov, A. Demidova, A. Abdulov and others.
A fairy tale about a merchant's daughter and a mysterious flower: Based on the fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower” by S.T. Aksakov. Dir. V.Grammatikov. Comp. A. Muravlev. USSR-Germany-Denmark, 1991. Cast: E. Temnikova, R. Shegurov, L. Ovchinnikova, I. Yasulovich and others.

- CARTOONS -

Scarlet Flower: Based on the fairy tale of the same name by S.T. Aksakov. Scene G.Grebner. Dir. L. Atamanov. Comp. N. Budashkin. USSR, 1952. The roles were voiced by: S. Lukyanov, A. Konsovsky and others.

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich was born in 1791 in Ufa, and died in Moscow in 1859. This is a Russian writer, public figure, official, memoirist, literary critic, and also the author of books about hunting and fishing, and collecting butterflies. He is the father of the Slavophiles, and the writers Ivan, Konstantin and Vera Aksakov.

In this article we will look at Aksakov's works in chronological order.

"Buran"

During 1820-1830, Sergei Timofeevich's main creative activity was translations, as well as literary and theatrical criticism, and several poems were created. He wrote his first significant work only in 1833. This was the essay "Buran", published a year later anonymously in an almanac called "The Right Hand". The basis of this work by Aksakov is a real event, which the writer knew about from the words of eyewitnesses. This essay already carried the main features of the author’s subsequent work, the main one of which was an interest in reality. This work already outlines the characteristic properties of Aksakov’s poetics, by which we recognize this author. S. Mashinsky wrote about this creation that the picture of the storm was painted with such expressive power, laconic colors and courageous simplicity, as only Pushkin could write in prose until then.

After publication, the work received very high marks from various critics. Alexander Sergeevich himself appreciated Aksakov’s description of the snowstorm. Later, 20 years later, Leo Tolstoy would turn to the experience of this author when creating the story “Blizzard”.

We continue to describe Aksakov’s works. The list will be supplemented by “Notes” about hunting and fishing. From the end of the 1830s, a new period began in Aksakov’s life. He, as he dreamed, left public service, concentrating entirely on managing family and economic affairs.

"Notes on Fishing"

Aksakov's works underwent significant thematic changes in the 40s. Then he began to create a “Family Chronicle”, and later, in 1845, he decided to write a book dedicated to fishing. Work on it was completed a year later, and in 1847 it was published under the title “Notes on Fishing.” In form, this work is a selection of essays by a fisherman. This creation of Aksakov was also met with unanimous approval. A significantly expanded and revised edition was published in 1854 under the title “Notes on Fishing,” and two years later a third appeared.

"Notes of a Gun Hunter"

Aksakov’s works, the list of which we are compiling, will be supplemented by a book entitled “Notes of a Gun Hunter.” In 1849, Sergei Timofeevich began working on a work about hunting. It was published in 1852. In style, this creation resembled the previous one: its chapters were essays. This book also soon became popular, and the circulation of this work was instantly sold out. And again, rave reviews from various critics, including Gogol, Turgenev, Chernyshevsky.

"Family Chronicle"

In 1840, Aksakov began creating the Family Chronicle. However, then his attention switched to the above-mentioned books about hunting and fishing, and only in 1852 did work on these memoirs resume.

Individual episodes of Aksakov’s work were published as they were written in periodicals. A small excerpt was published already in 1846, and in 1854 the first episode from the “Family Chronicle” appeared in “Moskvityanin”, followed by the fourth (in “Russian Conversation” in 1856) and the fifth (in “Russian Messenger” in 1856 year). At the same time, “Memoirs” was published, which later became the third, separate book of the trilogy.

The second edition, published in 1856, included two more excerpts from this work, which finally acquired its final form.

The release of "Family Chronicle" was associated with censorship friction. Aksakov was also afraid of the reaction of his neighbors and relatives, who did not want family secrets to be made public. Therefore, the writer changed many geographical names and faces. The book introduces the reader to a picture of landowner life in the provinces. took an important place in Russian literature, having met with an enthusiastic reception from both critics and readers.

"Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson"

This work was created in the period from 1854 to 1856. The author wanted to create a unique book for children, which should be written as if for adults, without being adjusted to the age of the audience, with a lack of moralizing. The birth of this work by Aksakov for children occurred in 1858. The book shows the transformation of the hero's inner world with age.

Aksakov's fairy tales, the list of which consists, strictly speaking, of only one work, are considered by some for some reason to be numerous. This is understandable: only an experienced author could create such a beautiful fairy tale. Aksakov was very experienced, but worked mainly in other genres. This work was placed by the author as an appendix to the book “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” Aksakov’s works for children, as you can see, are few in number, but very interesting and popular even today.

The concept of "The Scarlet Flower" is an artistic adaptation (not the first) of the famous story about the meeting of beauty and the beast. It was published many times separately, becoming the most published work of Sergei Timofeevich and creating the myth of “Aksakov’s fairy tale.”

Other works

Work on the trilogy inspired the writer, who conceived the idea of ​​another memoir work dedicated to the period of his life in 1820-1830. He, however, did not have time to bring it to life, but in the course of his work he created a number of interesting memoir essays. “Acquaintance with Derzhavin”, “Biography of M. N. Zagoskin” and “Memories of M. N. Zagoskin” appeared in 1852.

In the period from 1856 to 1858, the author created memoir essays that continued the series about A. S. Shishkov, Ya. E. Shusherin and G. R. Derzhavin. This book was published in “Russian Conversation” in parts, and then, in 1858, was included in the collection entitled “Miscellaneous Works of S. T. Aksakov.” This time the memoirs were greeted without enthusiasm by critics, including N. A. Dobrolyubov. The author was accused of partiality and subjectivity towards his friends from his youth.

Latest works

“Collecting Butterflies” is a story written in 1858 for the collection “Bratchina,” a charity publication for the benefit of students at Kazan University. This creation is thematically related to the author’s university memoirs. It was born after his death. Aksakov, 4 months before his death, dictated another work - “Essay on a Winter Day”. “Meeting with the “Martinists” was the last creation published during the life of Sergei Timofeevich and published in “Russian Conversation” in 1859.

Father of Ivan and Konstantin Sergeevich Aksakov, b. September 20, 1791 in the city. Ufa, died on April 30, 1859 in Moscow. In the “Family Chronicle” and “Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” S. T. Aksakov left a true chronicle of his childhood, as well as characteristics of his parents and relatives: the first are depicted under the surname of the Bagrovs, the second, the Kuroyedovs, under the surname of the Kurolesovs. The initial upbringing of S. T. Aksakov was led by his mother, nee Zubova, a very educated woman at that time; At the age of four he already knew how to read and write.
S. T. Aksakov received further upbringing and education at the Kazan gymnasium and at the Kazan University, which he described in such detail in his “Memoirs”. The mother had difficulty deciding to separate from her beloved son, and this separation almost cost the lives of both son and mother. Having initially entered the gymnasium in 1799, S. T. Aksakov was soon taken back by his mother, since the child, generally very nervous and impressionable, began to develop, from the melancholy of loneliness, something like an epileptic disease, according to S. T. Aksakov’s own statement . He lived in the village for a year, but in 1801 he finally entered the gymnasium. While speaking in his “Memoirs” generally disapprovingly of the level of gymnasium teaching at that time, S. T. Aksakov notes, however, several outstanding teachers, such as: students of Moscow University I. I. Zapolsky and G. I. Kartashevsky, warden V. P. Upadyshevsky and Russian language teacher Ibragimov. S. T. Aksakov lived with Zapolsky and Kartashevsky as a boarder. In 1817, Kartashevsky became related to him, marrying his sister Natalya Timofeevna, that beautiful Natasha, whose story forms the plot of an unfinished story of the same name, dictated by the author shortly before his death.

At the gymnasium, S. T. Aksakov entered some classes with awards and certificates of commendation, and at the age of 14, in 1805, he became one of the students of the newly founded Kazan University. A part of the gymnasium was allocated to house the latter, and some teachers were appointed professors, and the best students in the senior classes were promoted to students. While listening to university lectures, S. T. Aksakov at the same time continued to study in some subjects at the gymnasium. There was no division into faculties in the first years of the existence of Kazan University, and all 35 first students listened indifferently to a wide variety of sciences - higher mathematics and logic, chemistry and classical literature, anatomy and history. In March 1807, S. T. Aksakov left Kazan University, having received a certificate containing sciences that he knew only by hearsay and which had not yet been taught at the university.

In his “Memoirs” S. T. Aksakov says that during his university years he was “childishly carried away in different directions by the passion of his nature.” These hobbies, which lasted almost his entire life, were hunting in all its forms and theater. In addition, from the age of 14 he began to write and soon publish his works. His first poem was published in the gymnasium handwritten magazine “Arkadian Shepherds”, whose employees tried to imitate Karamzin’s sentimentality and signed with mythological-shepherd names: Adonisov, Irisov, Daphnisov, Amintov, etc. The poem “To the Nightingale” was a success, and encouraged With this, S. T. Aksakov, together with his friend Alexander Panaev and the later famous mathematician Perevozchikov, founded the “Journal of Our Studies” in 1806. In this magazine, S. T. Aksakov appeared as an opponent of Karamzin and a follower of A. S. Shishkov, the author of “Discourse on the Old and New Syllable,” defending the ideas of the first pioneer of Slavophilism. His passion for theater was reflected even at the university by the fact that S. T. Aksakov organized a student troupe, among which he himself stood out for his undoubted stage talent. In 1807, the Aksakov family, which received a large inheritance from their aunt, Kuroyedova, moved from the village, first to Moscow, and the next year to St. Petersburg, for a better education of their daughter in the capital's educational institutions: here too, S. T. Aksakov's stage interests completely took possession , who, on the advice of Kartashevsky, became a translator for the commission for drafting laws.

A passionate desire to improve in recitation led him to a close acquaintance with the actor Ya. E. Shusherin, a celebrity of the end of the last and beginning of this century, with whom the young theatergoer spent most of his free time talking about the theater and reciting. Subsequently, S. T. Aksakov spoke about this in an essay entitled: “Yakov Emelyanovich Shusherin and contemporary theatrical celebrities,” such as Dmitrevsky, Yakovlev, Semenova and others. This essay, like other theatrical memoirs (1812-1830), concludes provides a lot of valuable data for the history of Russian theater in the first third of this century. In addition to theatrical acquaintances, S. T. Aksakov acquired other acquaintances - with the Martinists V. V. Romanovsky, an old friend of the Aksakov family, and Labzin, as well as with the famous admiral A. S. Shishkov. Freemasonry did not attract S. T. Aksakov, but the rapprochement with Shishkov was very successful, which was greatly facilitated by the young writer’s declamatory talent. S. T. Aksakov was introduced to Shishkov by one of his colleagues on the law drafting commission - later known for his literary connections, A. I. Kaznacheev, the admiral’s own nephew. In Shishkov's house, S. T. Aksakov repeatedly staged performances. Leaving his service in the commission in 1811, which had little attraction for the young theatergoer, he went first to Moscow in 1812, and then to the village, where he spent the time of Napoleon’s invasion, enlisting with his father in the militia. During his last stay in Moscow, S. T. Aksakov, through Shusherin, became closely acquainted with a number of Moscow writers - Shatrov, Nikolev, Ilyin, Kokoshkin, S. N. Glinka, Velyashev-Volyntsev and others. Somewhat earlier than this time, he began translating Lagarp’s adaptation Sophocles' tragedy "Philoctetes", intended for a benefit performance by Shusherin. This tragedy was published in 1812. S. T. Aksakov spent the years 1814-1815 in Moscow and St. Petersburg. On one of his visits to St. Petersburg, he became close friends with Derzhavin, again thanks to his ability to read expressively. In 1816, S. T. Aksakov wrote “Message to A. I. Kaznacheev,” published for the first time in the “Russian Archive” in 1878. In it, the author is indignant that the invasion of the French did not reduce the gallomania of the then society.

In the same year, S. T. Aksakov married the daughter of Suvorov’s general, Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina. The latter's mother was a Turkish woman, Igel-Syuma, taken at the age of 12 during the siege of Ochakov, baptized and raised in Kursk, in the family of General Voinov, Igel-Syuma died at the age of 30. O.S. was born in 1792. Immediately after the wedding, S. T. Aksakov went with his young wife to the Trans-Volga estate of his father Timofey Stepanovich. This Trans-Volga patrimony - the village of Znamenskoye or Novo-Aksakovo - is described in the “Family Chronicle” under the name of New Bagrov. There the young couple had a son, Konstantin, the following year. For five years S. T. Aksakov lived in his parents’ house without leaving home. The family grew every year. In 1821 Tim. Art. finally agreed to allocate his son, who already had four children, and assigned him the village of Nadezhino, in the Belebeevsky district of the Orenburg province, as his patrimony. This very village appears in the “Family Chronicle” under the name Parashina. Before moving there, S. T. Aksakov went with his wife and children to Moscow, where he spent the winter of 1821. In Moscow, he renewed his acquaintance with the theatrical and literary world, establishing close friendships with Zagoskin, vaudeville performer Pisarev, theater director and playwright Kokoshkin, playwright Prince. A. A. Shakhovsky and others, and published a translation of Boileau’s 10th satire, for which he was elected a member of the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.” In the summer of 1822, S. T. Aksakov again went with his family to the Orenburg province and remained there continuously until the fall of 1826. Housekeeping was not a success for him; Moreover, the children were growing up, they had to be taught; in Moscow one could look for a position.

In August 1826, S. T. Aksakov said goodbye to the village forever. From then until his death, that is, for thirty-three years, he was in Nadezhina only on visits only three times. Having moved with 6 children for permanent residence to Moscow, S. T. Aksakov renewed his friendship with Pisarev, Shakhovsky and others with even greater intimacy. He undertook a prose translation of Molière’s “The Miser” (1828), having translated “The School for Husbands” by the same author in verse even earlier, in 1819; he was an active defender of his friends from the attacks of Polevoy, persuaded Pogodin - who published the "Moscow Bulletin" in the late twenties and from time to time already devoted space to S. T. Aksakov's theatrical notes - to start a special "Dramatic Addendum", which was written entirely them alone. S. T. Aksakov also feuded with Polev on the pages of Pavlov’s Athenaeum and Raich’s Galatea. Finally, in the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature” S. T. Aksakov read his translation of Boileau’s 8th satire (1829), turning sharp verses from it to the same Polevoy. S. T. Aksakov transferred his enmity with Polev from the pages of magazines to the ground of censorship, becoming the censor of the newly established separate Moscow Censorship Committee in 1827; He received this position thanks to the patronage of A. S. Shishkov, who was then the Minister of Public Education. S. T. Aksakov served as censor for 6 years, several times temporarily holding the position of chairman of the committee. In 1834 he went to serve at the land surveying school. This service also lasted 6 years, until 1839. At first, S. T. Aksakov was an inspector of the school, and then, when it was transformed into the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute, he was its director. In 1839, S. T. Aksakov, upset by the service, which had a bad effect on his health, finally retired and lived quite richly and openly as a private person, receiving a significant inheritance after his father, who died in 1837 (his mother died in 1833 .).

In the early thirties, S. T. Aksakov’s circle of acquaintances changed. Pisarev died, Kokoshkin and Shakhovskoy faded into the background, Zagoskin maintained a purely personal friendship. S. T. Aksakov began to fall under the influence, on the one hand, of the young university circle, which consisted of Pavlov, Pogodin, Nadezhdin and his son, Konstantin Sergeevich, on the other hand, under the beneficial influence of Gogol, acquaintance with whom began in 1832 and lasted 20 years, until the death of the great writer. In the house of S. T. Aksakov, Gogol usually read his new works for the first time; in turn, S. T. Aksakov was the first to read his fictional works to Gogol at a time when neither he himself nor those around him suspected him of a future famous writer. Friendship with Gogol was maintained through personal relations and correspondence. Excerpts from S. T. Aksakov’s memoirs about Gogol are published in the 4th volume of his complete works, under the title: “Acquaintance with Gogol.” Under the same title, in the “Russian Archive” in 1889, and then in a separate publication, draft materials for memoirs, extracts from letters, many of Gogol’s letters to S.T. Aksakov in their entirety, etc. appeared that had not yet been printed. in the almanac “Dennitsa”, published by Maksimovich, a famous scientist and friend of Gogol, S. T. Aksakov included a short story “Buran”, which testified to a decisive turn in his work: S. T. Aksakov turned to living reality, finally freeing himself from false classical tastes . Walking steadily along a new path of realistic creativity, already in 1840 he began to write the “Family Chronicle”, which, however, appeared in its final form only in 1846. Excerpts from it were published without the author’s name in the “Moscow Collection” of 1846 Then, in 1847, “Notes on Fishing” appeared, in 1852 - “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province,” and in 1855 - “Stories and Memoirs of a Hunter.” All these hunting “Notes” by S.T. Aksakov were a huge success. The name of the author became known throughout reading Russia. His presentation was recognized as exemplary, his descriptions of nature were poetic, the characteristics of animals, birds and fish were masterful images. “There is more life in your birds than in my people,” said S. To T. Aksakov Gogol. I. S. Turgenev, in a review of “Notes of a Gun Hunter” (“Contemporary”, 1853, vol. 37, pp. 33-44), recognized S. T. Aksakov’s descriptive talent as first-class.

Encouraged by such success, already in his declining years, S. T. Aksakov appeared before the public with a number of new works. He began to write memoirs of a literary and, mainly, family nature. In 1856, the “Family Chronicle” appeared, which had extraordinary success. Critics differed in their understanding of the inner meaning of this best work by S. T. Aksakov. Thus, the Slavophiles (Khomyakov) found that he was “the first of our writers to look at our life from a positive rather than a negative point of view”; critics and publicists (Dobrolyubov), on the contrary, found negative facts in the Family Chronicle. In 1858, a continuation of the “Family Chronicle” appeared - “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson”, which had less success. “Literary and theatrical memoirs have received little attention, although they contain a lot of valuable material for both the literary historian and the theater historian. To characterize the last years of S. T. Aksakov’s life, information in the “Literary Memoirs” of I. I. Panaev and the memoirs of M. N. Longinov (“Russian Bulletin”, 1859, No. 8, as well as an article in “Encyclopedic Slov.”) are important. published by Russian writers and scientists, vol. II). Longinov says that S. T. Aksakov’s health began to deteriorate 12 years before his death. An eye disease forced him to lock himself in a dark room for a long time, and, not accustomed to a sedentary life, he upset his body, losing one eye.In the spring of 1858, S. T. Aksakov’s illness took on a very dangerous character and began to cause him severe suffering, but he endured it with firmness and patience.

He spent his last summer at a dacha near Moscow and, despite a serious illness, had the strength in rare moments of relief to dictate his new works. This includes “Collecting Butterflies,” which appeared in print after his death in “Bratchina,” a collection published by former students of Kazan University, edited by P. I. Melnikov, at the end of 1859. In the fall of 1858, S. T. Aksakov moved to He spent Moscow and the entire next winter in terrible suffering, despite which he continued to occasionally engage in literature and wrote “Winter Morning”, “Meeting with the Martinists” (the last of his works published during his lifetime, which appeared in “Russian Conversation” in 1859) and the story “Natasha”, which was published in the same magazine.

The works of S. T. Aksakov were published many times in separate editions. Thus, “Family Chronicle” went through 4 editions, “Notes on Fishing” - 5, “Notes of a Gun Hunter” - 6. The first complete collection of works, constituting an almost complete autobiography of S. T. Aksakov, appeared at the end of 1886 in 6 -ty volumes, published by bookseller N. G. Martynov and edited partly by I. S. Aksakov, who provided it with valuable notes, and partly by P. A. Efremov, who provided the publication with significant completeness in bibliographic terms.

Tales of Aksakov

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Adventure Aksakov's fairy tale about magic The Scarlet Flowerand its terrible owner - an enchanted prince in the guise of a monster. Based onfairy tales The Scarlet FlowerA lot of cartoons have been shot. The rich merchant went on his business to the thirtieth kingdom, and his daughters ordered him to bring gifts from overseas. And the choice of the merchant’s youngest and most beloved daughter fell onThe Scarlet Flower. The merchant fulfilled the wishes of all his daughters, but having found and tornscarlet flowerincurred the wrath of the monster overseas, the ownerScarlet flower. The monster wanted to kill the merchant forThe Scarlet Flower, but then she set a condition - to send one of her daughters to live with him in her place, otherwise the merchant would die. The merchant returned, told his daughters everything, and the youngest daughter volunteered to live with the monster. It did not offend her, but was an obedient slave and fulfilled all her desires. After some time, the daughter missed her father and asked to go home and visit her father. The monster let her go, but warned that if she did not return in 3 days, he would die, because he loved her and could live without her. The daughter kept her word and returned to the monster a minute before the deadline, but found him lifeless. She began to feel sorry for him and said that she loved him. After these words, the monster turned into a handsome prince, and the spell fell off of him. And then they lived happily ever after.