Krylov's biography briefly the most important things 5. Inspiration and most famous works

Called him "truly popular." And this really was so, because every literary character of Ivan Andreevich Krylov still teaches what is good, bright and eternal.

short biography

The future playwright was born on February 2, 1769 in a poor family. From an early age he served the landowner, so he did not have the opportunity to receive a decent education. But exceptional learning abilities He himself successfully developed himself, studying languages ​​and mathematics, literature and drawing.

Left without parents, he worked in St. Petersburg as a copyist of documents and at the same time wrote plays - tragedies and comedies. After gaining fame in literary circles, he worked for some time as a journalist. He traveled a lot and lived in the provinces, without ceasing to compose. After moving to Moscow, his first fables were published, which became proverbs and catchphrases. People began to call the writer himself "grandfather Krylov"- this name is firmly entrenched in his biography. The fabulist died on November 9, 1844.

Creativity, plots and heroes

Krylov was a successful playwright, wrote satires, pamphlets, and poetic stories. But his genius was revealed most clearly in his fables. Their stories are about topical topics and the authenticity of what is happening. Each piece makes fun of human vices - greed or laziness, stupidity or vanity. Despite the fact that most of Krylov’s characters are animals, the association with people is visible to everyone. These are lawless people and bureaucrats, officials and nobles, as well as ordinary poor people.

Inspiration and most famous works

Each of Krylov's fables is simple and understandable to people of all ages. It is a real learning lesson. Some of the most famous works include:

• "A Crow and a fox;
• "Quartet";
• "Swan, pike and crayfish";
• "Elephant and Moska";
• "Dragonfly and Ant".

The author gave his creations a unique hidden meaning, revealing important questions for a person about good and evil, deception and flattery, stupidity and stubbornness. The author's creativity was inspired by a variety of social events: the actions of the tsarist government and the events of the Patriotic War, violence against serfs and political innovations.

Krylov as a person: social circle, interests, interesting facts

Contemporaries characterized Krylov's personal qualities in different ways. Some sincerely they called him funny and mysterious at the same time, others were not ashamed of the sincere message that he was simply a glutton and a slob.

Rumor has it that the writer really loved to eat properly and didn’t take too much care of his own appearance. But one thing is absolutely certain: the real Ivan Andreevich was known to few people. He I practically did not communicate even with close relatives. However, the writer’s social circle often included rich people and famous personalities. Krylov surprised those around him with his unpredictability.

Once, for example, he bet that he would learn ancient Greek. He succeeded in this. The fabulist was also known as a unique eccentric - people even made up jokes about his playful and funny antics. An interesting oddity of Krylov was his passion for fires: he rushed to every disaster. He also loved excitement: cockfights, fist fights, card games. He loved to play the violin, although he did not have outstanding musical abilities.

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Ivan Andreevich was born on February 2, 1769 in Moscow into a military family that did not have high incomes. When Ivan turned 6 years old, his father Andrei Prokhorovich was transferred for service to Tver, where the family continued to exist in poverty, and soon lost its breadwinner.

Due to the move and low income, Ivan Andreevich was unable to complete the education he began in Moscow. However, this did not prevent him from gaining considerable knowledge and becoming one of the most enlightened people of his time. This became possible thanks to the young man’s strong desire for reading, languages ​​and sciences, which the future publicist and poet mastered through self-education.

Earlier creativity. Dramaturgy

Another “school of life” of Ivan Krylov, whose biography is very multifaceted, was the common people. The future writer enjoyed attending various folk festivals and entertainments, and often took part in street battles. It was there, in the crowd of ordinary people, that Ivan Andreevich drew pearls of folk wisdom and sparkling peasant humor, succinct colloquial expressions that would eventually form the basis of his famous fables.

In 1782, the family moved to St. Petersburg in search of a better life. In the capital, Ivan Andreevich Krylov began government service. However, such activities did not satisfy the young man’s ambitions. Having been carried away by the then fashionable theatrical trends, in particular under the influence of the play “The Miller” by A.O. Ablesimova, Krylov manifests himself in writing dramatic works: tragedies, comedies, opera librettos.

Contemporary critics, although they did not show high praise for the author, still approved of his attempts and encouraged him to continue his work. According to Krylov’s friend and biographer M.E. Lobanova, I.A. himself Dmitrievsky, a famous actor of that time, saw in Krylov the talent of a playwright. With the writing of the satirical comedy “Pranksters”, even the brief content of which makes it clear that Ya.B. was ridiculed in the play. Prince, considered the leading playwright of the time, the author quarrels not only with the “master” himself, but also finds himself in the field of grievances and criticism from the theater management.

Publishing activities

Failures in the field of drama did not cool, but, on the contrary, strengthened the satirical notes in the talent of the future fabulist Krylov. He takes on the publishing of the monthly satirical magazine “Mail of Spirits”. After eight months, however, the magazine ceases to exist. After retiring in 1792, the publicist and poet acquired a printing house, where he began publishing the Spectator magazine, which began to enjoy greater success than Spirit Mail.

But after a search it was closed, and the publisher himself devoted several years to travel.

Last years

In Krylov’s brief biography it is worth mentioning the period associated with S.F. Golitsyn. In 1797, Krylov entered the prince's service as a home teacher and personal secretary. During this period, the author does not stop creating dramatic and poetic works. And in 1805 he sent a collection of fables for consideration to the famous critic I.I. Dmitriev. The latter appreciated the author’s work and said that this was his true calling. Thus, a brilliant fabulist entered the history of Russian literature, who devoted the last years of his life to writing and publishing works of this genre, working as a librarian. He has written more than two hundred fables for children, studied in different classes, as well as original and translated satirical works for adults.

Chronological table

Other biography options

Quest

We have prepared an interesting quest about the life of Ivan Andreevich -

Ivan Andreevich Krylov born February 13 (February 2, old style) 1769.
The exact place of birth of Ivan Andreevich is unknown, perhaps it is Moscow, Troitsk or Zaporozhye.
Father - Andrei Prokhorovich Krylov (1736-1778). He served in a dragoon regiment, starting his service as a private. He distinguished himself in the defense of the Yaitsky town during the Pugachev uprising. He died with the rank of captain in poverty. Mother - Maria Alekseevna. After the death of her husband, she was left with two young children in her arms. Illiterate, but endowed with a natural mind, she oversaw her son’s education. Ivan Krylov studied literacy, arithmetic and prayers at home.
In 1774, the Krylov family moved to Tver.
1777 began the training of Ivan Andreevich. Having managed to surprise the local landowner with his poetry, he receives permission to study with his children. Independently studies literature, mathematics, French and Italian.
In the same year, Krylov’s father got him a job as a sub-clerk at the Kalyazin Lower Zemstvo Court. But little Ivan was not interested in the work, and he was simply listed among the employees.
In 1778, Andrei Prokhorovich dies and the family finds itself in poverty. Ivan Krylov is transferred to the Tver provincial magistrate with the rank of sub-office clerk. It was in this service that young Krylov became acquainted with court procedures and bribery.
After moving to Moscow in 1783, he got a job in the Treasury Chamber. A little later, his mother and brother move in with him. In 1783 he moved to St. Petersburg.
In 1787 he received a place in the mountain expedition of the Cabinet of Her Imperial Majesty.
Since 1789, Ivan Krylov, at the expense of Rachmaninov and in his printing house, has been publishing a monthly satirical magazine entitled “Spirit Mail, or the learned, moral and critical correspondence of the Arab philosopher Malikulmulk with water, air and underground spirits.” After the French Revolution, due to stricter censorship, the magazine ceased publication.
In 1791-1793, together with friends, he opened a printing house and a bookstore attached to it. Publishes the magazines “Spectator” and “St. Petersburg Mercury. Under pressure from the authorities, both magazines cease publication.
In 1794-1797 he became interested in gambling and visiting fairs.

In 1797 Golitsyn invited Krylov to the position of personal secretary and teacher of his children. In 1801 he moved with Golitsyn to Riga.
In the autumn of 1803, Krylov left Riga to visit his brother in Serpukhov. And in 1806 he returned to St. Petersburg.
In 1808-1810 he worked in the Coinage Department.
In 1809, the first book of fables by Ivan Andreevich Krylov was published. In the same year he ran for the Russian Academy. And in 1811 he was elected a member of the Russian Academy.
1812-1841 - works at the Public Library.
In 1816 he was admitted to the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
In 1817 he was admitted to the St. Petersburg Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts.
Summer of 1818 was elected to full nonresident members of the Kazan Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
1819 - 6 volumes of fables by Ivan Krylov were published.
On March 27, 1820, Krylov was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree.
In 1823, the Russian Academy awarded Ivan Andreevich a gold medal. In the same year he suffered two strokes.
November 21 (November 9, old style) 1844 Ivan Andreevich Krylov dies of transient pneumonia. According to one version, the cause of death was volvulus from overeating.

Interesting facts from Wikipedia:

• Once Krylov, at home, having eaten eight pies, was struck by their bad taste. Having opened the pan, I saw that it was all green with mold. But he decided, if he was alive, he could also finish the remaining eight pies in the pan.
• I really loved watching fires. Didn't miss a single fire in St. Petersburg.
• Above the sofa in Krylov’s house there was a healthy painting hanging “on my word of honor.” Friends asked him to drive in a couple more nails so that it would not fall and break his head. To this he replied that he had calculated everything: the painting would fall tangentially and would not hit him.
• At dinner parties he usually ate a plate of pies, three or four plates of fish soup, a few chops, a roast turkey, and a few odds and ends. Arriving home, I ate it all with a bowl of sauerkraut and black bread.
• One day, at dinner with the Tsarina, Krylov sat down at the table and, without saying hello, began to eat. Zhukovsky shouted in surprise: “Stop it, let the queen at least treat you.” “What if he doesn’t treat me?” - Krylov was scared.
• Once on a walk, Ivan Andreevich met young people, and one of this company decided to make fun of the writer’s physique (he most likely did not know him) and said: “Look! What a cloud is coming!”, and Krylov looked at the sky and added sarcastically: “Yes, it’s really going to rain. That’s why the frogs started croaking.”

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Russian writer, fabulist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). He published satirical magazines “Mail of Spirits” (1789) and others. He wrote tragedies and comedies, and opera librettos. In 1809 43 he created more than 200 fables, imbued with a democratic spirit, distinguished by satirical sharpness, bright and apt language. They exposed social and human vices. N.V. Gogol called I. Krylov’s fables “...the book of wisdom of the people themselves.”

Biography

Born on February 2 (February 14 n.s.) in Moscow in the family of a poor army captain, who received the rank of officer only after thirteen years of military service. In 1775, the father retired, and the family settled in Tver.

The future fabulist received a meager education, but, possessing exceptional abilities, reading a lot from childhood, persistently and persistently engaged in self-education, he became one of the most enlightened people of his time.

After the death of his father, the family was left without any means of subsistence, and Krylov had to work as a scribe in the Tver court from the age of ten. The mother was unable to obtain a pension after the death of her husband, and in 1782 it was decided to go to St. Petersburg to apply for a pension. In the capital, too, nothing was achieved, but a place was found for Krylov as a clerk in the Treasury Chamber. In addition, Petersburg opened up the opportunity for him to engage in literary work. During 1786 1788 Krylov wrote tragedies “Cleopatra” and “Philomela” and comedies “Mad Family”, “Pranksters”. The name of the young playwright soon becomes famous in theatrical and literary circles.

In 1789, Krylov began publishing the satirical magazine “Mail of Spirits,” which continued the traditions of Russian satirical journalism. Because of its radical direction, the magazine could only exist for eight months, but Krylov did not abandon his intention to resume it. In 1792, he created a new satirical magazine, The Spectator, which immediately became popular due to the topicality of its subject matter. The story "Kaib" allegorically presents the arbitrariness and deceitful liberalism of the totalitarian regime, in which the reader easily recognized contemporary Russia. In the summer of 1792, a search was carried out in the printing house, Krylov came under police surveillance, and publication of the magazine had to be stopped.

In 1791 1801, Krylov retired from journalism and wandered around the provinces: he visited Tambov, Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod, and Ukraine. He did not stop composing, but his works only occasionally appeared in print.

After the death of Catherine II, he managed to enter the service of Prince S. Golitsyn as a personal secretary and teacher of his children. Golitsyn’s home theater staged the play-acting tragedy “Trumph, or Podschipa,” written by Krylov in 1800, a witty and apt satire on Paul I and the royal court.

In 1801, Krylov completed the comedy "Pie", staged in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

In 1806 he returned to St. Petersburg, where he established new literary connections and wrote the comedies “Fashion Shop” (1806) and “A Lesson for Daughters” (1807). In 1809, the first book of Krylov’s fables was published, in which he acted not only as a moralist, but as an accuser of the “powerful” of this world who oppress the people. It was the fable that became the genre in which Krylov’s genius expressed itself unusually widely. Nine books, including more than 200 fables, make up Krylov’s fable heritage.

8 1812 became a librarian at the newly opened Public Library, where he served for 30 years, retiring in 1841. Krylov not only turned out to be a good collector of books, the number of which increased greatly during his time, but he worked a lot on compiling bibliographic indexes and a Slavic-Russian dictionary.

Most of which have original plots, while the rest go back to the works of La Fontaine and Aesop.

Readers from school know his works, but the author's real life seems mediocre and uninteresting. We decided to dispel this myth and collected 5 interesting facts about Ivan Krylov.

Studied the morals of the people in fist fights

“The most important science for kings: / To know the properties of their people / And the benefits of their land”

In his youth, Ivan Andreevich was fond of fist fights, from which, thanks to his strength, he often emerged victorious. This hobby developed not only his physical abilities; it is likely that it was then that he first paid attention to folk life and customs.

“He visited with particular pleasure public gatherings, shopping areas, swings and fist fights, where he jostled among the motley crowd, eagerly listening to the speeches of the common people.”, recalled a contemporary.

Wrote with errors and taught literature

“Being strong is good, being smart is twice as good”

Ivan Krylov’s education cannot be called consistent: he learned to read and write at home (his father was a passionate reader), and learned French from wealthy neighbors. Until the end of his days, he wrote with errors and mastered the rest of the sciences already in adulthood. The writer also knew Italian and also played the violin.

Despite the gaps in his education and difficulties with spelling, he turned out to be an excellent literature teacher.

Not afraid to criticize the powers that be

“Highness is good in breed and rank, / But what profit does it bring when the soul is low?”

Young Krylov was an unusually prolific author. Thanks largely to this, he entered into close relations with the theater committee, received a free ticket and an assignment to translate the libretto of the French opera L’Infante de Zamora. However, the future fabulist could not resist sharp satire addressed to the leading playwright of the time, Yakov Knyazhin, and his wife, the daughter of Alexander Sumarokov himself. Krylov brought them out under the names of Rhymestealer and Tarators in the comedy “Pranksters”. This episode quarreled Krylov with Knyazhin and closed the former’s path to drama.

He was active in publishing

“Envious people will look no matter what, / They will bark forever; / And you go your own way: / They bark and leave you alone.”

After dramaturgy, the writer became interested in publishing. He published his first magazine at the age of 20, it was called “Spirit Mail” and looked like correspondence between gnomes and the wizard Malikulmulk. In it, Ivan Andreevich continued his satirical exercises, including on Rhymestealer and Taratora. The magazine existed from January to August and closed due to lack of subscribers. A few years later, Krylov created the magazine “Spectator”, but later renamed it “St. Petersburg Mercury”.

Was a terrible slob

“And I’ll say: for me it’s better to drink. / Yes, understand the matter"

Despite his active work, Krylov was an extremely phlegmatic and slow person. After lunch, he was in the habit of sleeping for at least two hours. Friends knew this oddity of the fabulist and always left him an empty chair.

Moreover, often being in public, Ivan Andreevich still paid very little attention to his appearance; he did not like to change clothes or comb his hair. There is a well-known joke: while getting ready for a masquerade, Krylov asked a lady he knew how best he should dress in order to remain unrecognized. The answer was simple and elegant: “Wash yourself, comb your hair, and no one will recognize you.”