To live honestly, you have to be willing to make mistakes. “To live honestly, you have to rush, get confused, struggle, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again and quit again, because calmness is spiritual meanness. About family and relationships

1. The hero of the epic novel “War in Peace” is Pierre Bezukhov.
2. Bezukhov's moral quest.
3. Spiritual and moral formation of Pierre Bezukhov.

Human life is complex and multifaceted. At all times there were moral values, overstepping which meant forever incurring shame and contempt. The dignity of a person is manifested in his desire for high goals. I would like to dedicate my essay to the hero of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, Pierre Bezukhov. This amazing person cannot but arouse interest. Pierre is focused on his personality, but he is not self-absorbed. He is keenly interested in life around him. For him, the question is very acute: “Why live and what am I?” This question is very important and decisive for him. Bezukhov thinks about the meaninglessness of life and death, about the fact that it is impossible to find the meaning of existence; about the relativity of all truths. Secular society is alien to Pierre; in empty and meaningless communication he cannot find his truth.

The questions that torment Pierre cannot be resolved through theoretical reasoning alone. Even reading books cannot help here. Pierre finds answers to his questions only in real life. Human suffering, contradictions, tragedies are all integral components of life itself. And Pierre is completely immersed in her. He gets closer to the truth, being in the epicenter of events, tragic and terrible. Bezukhov’s spiritual formation is, in one way or another, influenced by the war, the fire of Moscow, French captivity, and the suffering of people with whom he encounters very closely. Pierre has the opportunity to come into close contact with people's life. And this cannot leave him indifferent.

During the journey to Mozhaisk, Pierre is overcome by a special feeling: “the deeper he plunged into this sea of ​​troops, the more he was overcome by anxiety, anxiety and a new joyful feeling that he had not yet experienced... He now experienced a pleasant feeling of consciousness that everything that what constitutes people’s happiness, the comforts of life, wealth, even life itself, is nonsense that is nice to put aside in comparison with something...”

On the Borodino field, Pierre understood “... the whole meaning and the whole significance of this war and the upcoming battle... He understood that hidden (1a(en1e), as they say in physics, warmth of patriotism that was in all those people whom he saw , and which explained to him why all these people were calmly and seemingly frivolously preparing for death.”

After Pierre was close to the soldiers and imbued with their courage, it began to seem right and wise to him to merge with them, with simple but wise people in their understanding of life. It is no coincidence that he says: “Be a soldier, a simple soldier!... Enter this common life with your whole being, be imbued with what makes them so.”

Throughout his life, Pierre had many hobbies and disappointments. There was a period when Pierre admired Napoleon; There was also a period of interest in Freemasonry. However, in the process of moral rebirth, Pierre abandons his former hobbies and comes to the ideas of Decembrism. His development was greatly influenced by communication with ordinary people. From the very first minutes of meeting Pierre, we understand that we have an extraordinary, sincere, open nature. Pierre feels awkward in secular society, and society does not accept him as one of their own, despite even the rich inheritance Bezukhov received from his father. He doesn't look like a regular at social salons. Pierre is too different from them to be his own.

In the process of communicating with soldiers, mainly with Platon Karataev, Pierre Bezukhov begins to understand life better. Now his thoughts are no longer abstract and speculative. He wants to direct his energies towards real actions that could help others. For example, Bezukhov strives to help those who suffered from the war. And in the epilogue he joins the secret society of the Decembrists. This decision was obviously influenced by everything he saw in the process of communicating with ordinary people. Now Bezukhov understands well all the contradictions of life, and, to the extent possible, wants to fight them. He says: “In the courts there is theft, in the army there is only one stick: shagistika, settlements - they torture the people, they stifle education. What’s young, honestly, is ruined!”

Pierre not only understands and condemns all the contradictions and shortcomings of life. He has already reached that moral and spiritual development when intentions to change the existing reality are obvious and necessary: ​​“let there be not only virtue, but independence and activity.”

The moral quest of Pierre Bezukhov makes his image especially interesting for us. It is known that Pierre’s very fate served as the basis for the concept of the novel “War and Peace.” The fact that the image of Pierre is shown in development speaks of the author’s special disposition towards him. In a novel, static images are those that do not evoke warm feelings in the writer.

Pierre cannot help but delight readers with his kindness, sincerity, and directness. There are moments when his abstract reasoning, isolation from life, seems incomprehensible. But in the process of his development, he overcomes the weaknesses of his nature and moves from the need for reflection to the need for action.

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-1.jpg" alt=">"> "To live honestly, you have to rush, get confused, fight, make mistakes" ( L. N. Tolstoy)

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-2.jpg" alt=">§ Human life is complex and multifaceted. At all times there have been moral values ,"> § Человеческая жизнь сложна и многогранна. Во все времена были нравственные ценности, переступить через которые значило навсегда навлечь на себя позор и презрение. Достоинство человека проявляется в его стремлении к высоким целям.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-3.jpg" alt="> Dead Souls. Chichikov. § In the poem, Gogol typifies the images of Russian landowners , officials"> Мертвые души. Чичиков. § В поэме Гоголь типизирует образы русских помещиков, чиновников и крестьян. Единственный человек, явно выделяющийся из общей картины российской жизни, - это главный герой поэмы, Чичиков. Подобно, Онегину и Печорину, он не похож на толпу, но не исключительностью натуры и не стремлением преобразить мир, а своей активностью, деятельностью и предприимчивостью. Что же за человек Чичиков? В поэме Гоголь показывает, что старая патриархальная дворянская Россия умирает. Неумолимый ход истории порождает людей иной жизненной ориентации, дельцов- предпринимателей. Раскрывая образ главного героя, автор повествует о его происхождении и формировании его характера.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-4.jpg" alt=">§ Chichikov is the only character, life story, with the exception of Plyushkin which is given in all"> § Чичиков - единственный, за исключением Плюшкина, персонаж, история жизни которого дается во всех деталях. Из одиннадцатой главы поэмы мы узнаем, что Павлуша принадлежал к бедной дворянской семье, чья усадьба перестала быть источником доходов. Отец Чичикова оставил ему в наследство полтину меди да завет старательно учиться, угождать учителям и начальникам и, самое главное, - беречь и копить копейку. В завещании отец ничего не сказал о чести, долге и достоинстве. В отличие от Гринева, Чичиков быстро понял, что все высокие понятия только мешают достижению заветной цели. Вот почему Павлуша пробивает себе дорогу в жизни собственными усилиями, не опираясь ни на чье покровительство. Но благополучие свое он строит за счет других людей: оскорбление, обман, взяточничество, казнокрадство, махинации на таможне - орудия Чичикова.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-5.jpg" alt=">§ This is how life works, says Gogol, that it is soulfulness, sincerity, selflessness are the most"> § Так уж устроена жизнь, говорит Гоголь, что именно душевность, искренность, бескорыстие - самые опасные. Гоголь не случайно выделяет Чичикова из ряда прочих персонажей поэмы, рассказывая о прошлом героя и давая его характер в развитии. Согласно замыслу, автор собирался. Именно с людьми, не окончательно омертвевшими, имеющими хоть какую-то цель, пытался связать автор свои надежды на возрождение России.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-6.jpg" alt="> War and Peace. Pierre Bezukhov. § Pierre is focused on his personality , however"> Война и Мир. Пьер Безухов. § Пьер сосредоточен на своей личности, однако он не погружен в себя. Он живо интересуется жизнью вокруг. Для него очень остро стоит вопрос: «Для чего жить и что такое я» ? Этот вопрос имеет для него очень важное, решающее значение. Безухов задумывается о бессмысленности жизни и смерти, о том, что найти смысл бытия невозможно; об относительности всяких правд. Пьеру чуждо светское общество, в пустом и бессмысленном общении он не может найти свою правду.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-7.jpg" alt=">§ Throughout his life, Pierre had many hobbies and disappointments. There was a period"> § На протяжении всей жизни у Пьера было много увлечений, разочарований. Был период, когда Пьер восхищался Наполеоном; также был период увлечения масонством. Однако в процессе нравственного перерождения Пьер отказывается от былых увлечений, приходит к идеям декабризма. На его становление огромное влияние оказало общение с простым народом. С самых первых минут знакомства с Пьером мы понимаем, что перед нами незаурядная, искренняя, открытая натура. Пьер неловко себя чувствует в светском обществе, и общество не принимает его за своего, несмотря на даже на богатое наследство, полученное Безуховым от отца. Он непохож на завсегдатаев светских салонов. Пьер слишком сильно от них отличается, чтобы быть стать своим.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-8.jpg" alt=">§ Pierre not only understands and condemns all the contradictions and shortcomings of life. He"> § Пьер не просто понимает и осуждает все противоречия и недостатки жизни. Он уже достиг того нравственного и духовного развития, когда очевидными и необходимыми являются намерения изменить существующую действительность: «пусть будет не одна добродетель, но независимость и деятельность» . Нравственные искания Пьера Безухова делают его образ особенно интересным для нас. Известно, что сама судьба Пьера послужила основой замысла романа «Война и мир» . Тот факт, что образ Пьера показан в развитии, говорит об особом расположении к нему автора. В романе статичными являются те образы, которые не взывают у писателя теплых чувств. Пьер не может не восхищать читателей своей добротой, искренностью, прямотой. Бывают моменты, когда его отвлеченные рассуждения, оторванность от жизни, кажутся непонятными. Но в процессе своего развития он преодолевает слабые стороны своей натуры и переходит от необходимости размышлений к необходимости действий.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-9.jpg" alt="> “Fathers and Sons” . “What to do?” § Practically all major Russians"> «Отцы и Дети» . «Что делать? » § Практически всех крупных русских писателей волновала судьба передового человека своего времени. Эта тема нашла отражение в романе Тургенева «Отцы и дети» и в романе Чернышевского «Что делать? » Главные герои этих произведений представляют собой новый тип передовой молодежи. По социальному происхождению Базаров, Лопухов, Кирсанов, Вера Павловна – типичные разночинцы. Все они с детства приучены к труду, в жизни они привыкли полагаться только на собственные силы. Так, Чернышевский рассказывает о своих героях: «Лопухов с очень ранней молодости, почти с детства, добывал деньги на свое содержание; Кирсанов с 12 лет помогал отцу в переписывании бумаг, с IV класса гимназии тоже давал уже уроки. Оба грудью, без связей, без знакомств пролагали себе дорогу» . Тургенев ничего не рассказывает о студенческих годах Базарова, но «надо полагать, – писал Герцен, – что то была жизнь бедная, трудовая, тяжелая. Евгений Васильевич содержал себя собственными трудами, перебивался копеечными уроками и в то же время находил возможность готовить себя к будущей деятельности» . Базарову и «новым людям» присуще стремление к образованию, к изучению естественных наук. В романе «Что делать? » не только Лопухов и Кирсанов занимаются медициной, но и Вера Павловна. Базаров также уделяет много времени естественным наукам. Он часами просиживает за своим микроскопом, ставит опыты. Аркадий говорит О Базарове: «Главный предмет его – естественные науки»!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-10.jpg" alt=">§ Bazarov’s lack of a final goal made his judgments dogmatic. He practically never"> § Отсутствие окончательной цели у Базарова сделало догматичными его суждения. Он практически никогда не отстаивал своей точки зрения, не пытался доказать правильность своих выводов. Свое утверждение он считал неопровержимой истиной, и лишь сама жизнь могла заставить Базарова усомниться в этом. Например, утверждение Базарова: «Мы действуем в силу того, что мы признаем полезным» – выглядит несколько догматично. У «новых людей» оно выражается в теории разумного эгоизма, которую Лопухов излагает Вере Павловне: «Человек действует по необходимости, его действия определяются влияниями, влияния берут верх над другими, когда поступок имеет житейскую важность, эти побуждения называются выводами, игра их в человеке – соображением выгод, поэтому человек всегда действует по расчету выгод» . Отсутствие окончательной цели у Базарова, жизненная несостоятельность его взглядов лишали его будущего!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-11.jpg" alt=">§ The author emphasizes this with the help of artistic means. So, Bazarov is lonely , him"> § Это автор подчеркивает с помощью художественных средств. Так, Базаров одинок, у него нет друзей, которые полностью разделяли бы его взгляды. Нелепая смерть героя также не вытекает из логики романа. Герцен писал, что Тургенев не знал, что делать с Базаровым, и уморил его «тифусом» . Чернышевский же, в отличие от Тургенева, изображает людей, за которыми будущее. Он пишет, что число «новых людей» постоянно растет и что их деятельность уже дает определенные результаты. Такая разница в изображении героев и их взглядов объясняется тем, что Тургенев отразил в своем романе начальный период разночинно демократического движения. Базарову не суждена победа, так как она стоит еще в преддверии будущего, и этим Тургенев объясняет причину его гибели. Чернышевский описывает движение 1860 х гг. , он рисует образы «новых людей» с безоговорочным сочувствием, без тех внутренних противоречий, которые были характерны для отношения к «нигилизму» автора «Отцов и детей» .!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/52511633_90004504.pdf-img/52511633_90004504.pdf-12.jpg" alt=">Conclusion § People should not recognize comfort, and that’s not the point , What"> Вывод § Люди не должны признавать комфорта, и дело не в том, что человек его не достоин, дело в том, что человек духовный всегда будет стремиться к истине, а это состояние не может само по себе быть комфортным, но лишь оно достойно человеческой сути, и лишь так он способен выполнить свое предназначение.!}

Ekaterina Reutova is a student of secondary school No. 2 in Yuryuzan, Chelyabinsk region. The essay was written by her in the 10th grade. Teacher of Russian language and literature - Evgenia Viktorovna SOLOVOVA.

To live honestly, you have to struggle, get confused, struggle, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again and quit again, and always struggle and lose. And calmness is spiritual meanness.

The heroes beloved and close to Tolstoy are people with a rich inner world, natural people, capable of spiritual change, people looking for their way in life. These include Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov and Natasha Rostova. Each hero has his own path of spiritual quest, which is not straight and easy. We can say that it resembles a curve, which has its ups and downs, joys and disappointments. In this essay I am interested in the images of Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova. Love occupies an important place in the lives of these heroes. The test of love is a traditional device in Russian literature. But before the main characters approached this test, each of them already had a certain life experience behind them. For example, before meeting Natasha, Prince Andrei had a dream of Toulon, Austerlitz, friendship with Pierre, social activities and disappointment in them. Natasha Rostova does not have as rich life experience as Andrei Bolkonsky; she is still a child who is playing at adulthood. Despite the obvious differences between these two heroes, they still have an important similarity: before meeting each other, neither Prince Andrei nor Natasha experienced a true feeling of love in their lives.

Considering the love storyline between Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky, one cannot help but note the 16th chapter of the 3rd part of the 2nd volume, since this episode is the composition of the beginning of their relationship. Let us turn to the analysis of this chapter and try to determine the role of the episode in revealing the problems of the work, and also trace how a strong and pure feeling of love arises between the heroes of the novel. The previous chapters of the 3rd part of the 2nd volume tell how the Rostov family gathered for a ball, where the whole flower of society gathered. It is important for Tolstoy to convey the psychological state of Natasha, for whom the ball was a welcome ticket to adulthood. In the 16th chapter, the writer shows the state of mind of his heroine very subtly and truly. To do this, he first describes the external manifestation of Natasha’s anxiety, excitement (“Natasha felt that she was left... among the minority of ladies pushed against the wall...”, “... stood with her thin arms hanging down...”), then, using a monologue in which every word is important, the author turns to the girl’s inner world (“...holding her breath, she looked with shining, frightened eyes...”). The heroine's monologue is very emotional. He reveals Natasha's character, shows the whole essence of her nature. The heroine is very sincere, natural, childishly naive, and simple. The expression on her face spoke of her “readiness for the greatest joy and the greatest sorrow.” One thought haunted Natasha: would “no one come up to her”, would she really “dance among the first”, would “all these men not notice” her? Using this gradation, Tolstoy emphasizes the severity of the psychological situation in which Natasha found herself. The writer draws the readers' attention to the heroine's great desire to dance. At this moment, Natasha is not occupied by anything or anyone, her attention is concentrated on this desire. We can conclude that the heroine is at that young age when everything is perceived from the point of view of maximalism. She needs to be noticed by adults and supported in difficult times of doubt and worry. Natasha’s internal concentration and external absent-mindedness are manifested in the way she perceived the people around her (“She did not listen or look at Vera, who was telling her something...”). The climax of Chapter 16 occurs when the first round of the waltz was announced. At that time, Natasha’s condition was close to despair. She “was ready to cry that it was not she who was dancing this first round of the waltz.” At this moment Andrei Bolkonsky appears (“... lively and cheerful, standing... not far from Rostov”). Since he was “a person close to Speransky,” everyone turned to him with “smart” political conversations. But Andrei’s work did not bring him satisfaction, so he did not want to hear anything about it, was absent-minded and, like Natasha, believed that “you need to dance at the ball.” Therefore, I think it is not surprising that the first person to whom he offered a waltz tour was Natasha, who was absolutely, childishly happy when she heard this proposal. Prince Andrei is struck by the naturalness, openness, ease of this girl, and the lack of metropolitan gloss. Waltzing with him, Natasha felt a certain excitement from the fact that hundreds of eyes were watching her dance with an adult man, from the fact that her dress was very open, and simply from the fact that it was the first waltz in her life at a real ball, where only adults are present. Natasha’s timidity and the trembling of her flexible, slender figure charmed Prince Andrei. He feels his soul come to life, filled with boundless joy, which the girl seemed to put into his soul and heart, bringing them back to life, kindling a fire in them (“... he felt revived and rejuvenated...”).

Analyzing this chapter, one cannot help but note the image of the sovereign. In the behavior of Emperor Alexander, in his communication with others, the metropolitan gloss is visible. I think it is no coincidence that the author draws this image. He contrasts the sovereign and his strict adherence to secular standards of decency with the emancipation and simplicity of Natasha Rostova. For the emperor, presence at the ball is a common occurrence, and he acts according to a certain scheme that he has developed over the years. As is customary in secular society, he does not do anything thoughtlessly and weighs his every step. And Natasha, who came to the ball for the first time, is so happy about everything and does not pay attention to what she says and does. Therefore, a parallel can be drawn between Natasha and the sovereign. This only further emphasizes Natasha’s naturalness, childish naivety, and her unspoiled by secular society.

So, from all of the above, we can conclude that the significance of this chapter lies not only in the fact that in it we see the emergence of a warm, tender feeling of love between two positive characters, but also in the fact that a meeting with Natasha brings Andrei Bolkonsky out of a mental crisis , born of disappointment in his unfruitful activity, fills him with strength and thirst for life. He understands that “life is not over at thirty-one.”

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Composition. “To live honestly, you have to rush, get confused, fight, make mistakes...” (L.N. Tolstoy). (Based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace")

Problems of morality and spirituality have always been the most important in the literature of the 19th century. Writers and their heroes were constantly worried about the deepest and most serious questions: how to live, what is the meaning of human life, how to come to God, how to change for the better not only their lives, but also the lives of other people. It is precisely these thoughts that overwhelm one of the main characters of the novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" by Pierre Bezukhov.
At the beginning of the novel, Pierre appears before us as a completely naive, inexperienced young man who lived his entire youth abroad. He does not know how to behave in secular society; in Anna Pavlovna Scherer’s salon he causes concern and fear to the hostess: “Although indeed Pierre was somewhat larger than the other men in the room, this fear could only relate to that intelligent and at the same time timid, observant and natural look , which distinguished him from everyone in this living room.” Pierre behaves naturally, he is the only one in this environment who does not wear a mask of hypocrisy, he says what he thinks.
Having become the owner of a large inheritance, Pierre, with his honesty and faith in the kindness of people, falls into the net set by Prince Kuragin. The prince's attempts to take possession of the inheritance were unsuccessful, so he decided to get the money in another way: to marry Pierre to his daughter Helen. Pierre is attracted by her external beauty, but he cannot figure out whether she is smart or kind. For a long time he does not dare to propose to her, in fact he does not propose it, Prince Kuragin decides everything for him.
After marriage, there comes a turning point in the hero’s life, a period of comprehension of his entire life, its meaning. The culmination of these experiences of Pierre was a duel with Dolokhov, Helen's lover. In the good-natured and peace-loving Pierre, who learned about the arrogant and cynical attitude of Helen and Dolokhov towards him, anger began to boil, “something terrible and ugly rose in his soul.” The duel highlights all of Pierre's best qualities: his courage, the courage of a man who has nothing to lose, his philanthropy, his moral strength. Having wounded Dolokhov, he waits for his shot: “Pierre, with a meek smile of regret and repentance, helplessly spreading his legs and arms, stood straight in front of Dolokhov with his broad chest and looked sadly at him.”
The author compares Pierre with Dolokhov in this scene: Pierre does not want to harm him, much less kill him, and Dolokhov laments that he missed and did not hit Pierre. After the duel, Pierre was tormented by thoughts and experiences: “Such a storm of feelings, thoughts, memories suddenly arose in his soul that he not only could not sleep, but could not sit still and had to jump up from the sofa and walk quickly around the room.”
He analyzes everything that happened, his relationship with his wife, the duel and understands that he has lost all the values ​​in life, he does not know how to live further, he only blames himself for making this mistake - marrying Helen, he reflects on life and death: “Who is right, who is guilty? Nobody. But live and live: tomorrow you will die, just as I could have died an hour ago. And is it worth it to suffer when you only have one second to live compared to eternity?
Bazdeev sees the reason for Pierre’s misfortune in his lack of faith in God: “Pierre, with a sinking heart, looking into the Freemason’s face with shining eyes, listened to him, did not interrupt, did not ask him, but with all his soul believed what this stranger was telling him.” Pierre himself joins the Masonic lodge and tries to live according to the laws of goodness and justice. Having received life support in the form of Freemasonry, he gains self-confidence and purpose in life. Pierre travels through his estates, trying to make life easier for his serfs. He wants to build schools and hospitals for the peasants, but the cunning manager deceives Pierre, and there are no practical results from Pierre’s trip.
But he himself is full of faith in himself, and during this period of his life he manages to help his friend, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, who is raising his son after the death of his wife.
Prince Andrei experiences disappointment in life after Austerlitz, after the death of the little princess, and Pierre manages to stir him up, awaken interest in his surroundings: “If there is a God and there is a future life, then there is truth, there is virtue; and man's highest happiness consists in striving to achieve them. We must live, we must love, we must believe that we do not live now only on this piece of land, but have lived and will live forever there, in everything.”
Tolstoy shows us how a period of comprehension of one’s life can be replaced by complete disappointment and despair, which is what happens to his favorite hero. Pierre loses faith in the teachings of the Freemasons when he sees that they are all busy not with the order of the world, but with their own career, well-being, and the pursuit of power. He returns to secular society and again lives an empty, meaningless life. The only thing he has in life is love for Natasha, but an alliance between them is impossible.
The terrible picture of the battle struck Pierre. When he sees that almost everyone at the battery died, he thinks: “No, now they will leave it, now they will be horrified by what they did!” After the battle, Pierre reflects on the courage of the Russian soldiers: “To be a soldier, just a soldier! To enter this common life with your whole being, to be imbued with what makes them so... The most difficult thing is to be able to unite in your soul the meaning of everything... No, not to unite. You cannot connect thoughts, but connecting all these thoughts is what you need! Yes, we need to mate, we need to mate!”
To connect his life with the life of the people - this is the idea Pierre comes to. Further events in Pierre's life only confirm this idea. An attempt to kill Napoleon in burning Moscow results in saving the life of a French officer, and rescuing a girl from a burning house and helping a woman results in being taken prisoner. In Moscow, Pierre accomplishes his feat, but for him this is natural human behavior, since he is brave and noble.
Probably the most important events of Pierre's life take place in captivity.
Acquaintance with Platon Karataev taught Pierre the necessary life wisdom that he lacked. The ability to adapt to any conditions and not lose humanity and kindness at the same time - this was revealed to Pierre by a simple Russian man. “For Pierre, as he presented himself on the first night, an incomprehensible, round and eternal personification of the spirit of simplicity and truth, that is how he remained forever,” writes Tolstoy about Platon Karataev. In captivity, Pierre begins to feel his unity with the world: “Pierre looked into the sky, into the depths of the receding, playing stars. “And all this is mine, and all this is in me, and all this is me!”
When Pierre is released, when a completely different life begins, full of new problems, everything that he suffered and experienced is preserved in his soul.

What historical events was the writer a witness to? (A.S. Pushkin, 1837; M.Yu. Lermontov, 1841; N.V. Gogol, 1852; N.G. Chernyshevsky, 1854 employee of Sovremennik; Crimean War; death of Nicholas I, 1855; “Peasant Reform ", 1861; assassination attempt on Alexander II; the emergence of the "Land and Freedom" society, 1876; death of Alexander II, 1881; assassination attempt on Alexander III, 1887: Bloody Sunday, 1905 Which outstanding people did Tolstoy communicate with? (N.A. Nekrasov, I.S. Turgenev, A.I. Herzen, A.N. Ostrovsky, A.P. Chekhov, F.M. Tyutchev, T.G. Shevchenko and others)

Tolstoy's Rules and Program Whatever you are assigned to do, do it, no matter what. Whatever you do, do it well. Never consult a book if you forgot something, but try to remember it yourself. Make your mind constantly act with all its possible strength. Read and think. always loud Don't be ashamed to tell people who are bothering you that they are bothering you

The moral and philosophical teaching, as it developed, was expounded by Tolstoy in works of a philosophical and journalistic nature (“Confession”, “About Life”, “So what should we do?”, “The Kingdom of God is within you”, “What is my faith?” , “What is religion and what is its essence?”, “Religion and morality”, “The law of violence and the law of love”, etc.), in pedagogical essays (“On education”, “On science”, “Conversations with children on moral issues"), in books of aphorisms ("Circle of Reading", "The Path of Life", "Thoughts of Wise People"), etc.

Love? What is love? Love prevents death. Love is life. Everything, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists only because I love. Everything is connected by one thing. Love is God... L.N. Tolstoy Love? What is love? Love prevents death. Love is life. Everything, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists only because I love. Everything is connected by one thing. Love is God... L.N. Tolstoy