Essay “Scene at the Stack (Analysis of an episode from Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”). Bazarov and Arkady, the young generation in the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

Goal: To develop the ability to analyze a text and convincingly prove one’s point of view, based on the primary source.

• Understand what kind of relationship Bazarov has with his parents;
• Teach how to compile a supporting context;
• To trace how Turgenev reveals in the novel the universal problems of the relationship between parents and children;
• To instill in students love and respect for their parents.

Methodological techniques: drawing up a table, characterizing characters, drawing up supporting notes, working with text.

During the classes

Epigraph conversation.

Teacher's word. Bazarov is an intelligent and deep person. His nihilistic consciousness largely stems from his inherent all-encompassing knowledge of Russian life, in which there is all the “sadness”, “doctrinaireism”, “lack of honest people”, but there is no main thing - “deeds”. Denying all really existing forms of social structure, economic life, culture, everyday life, Bazarov can do nothing in return except a frantic desire to destroy. In this sense, the hero’s position is deeply dramatic, since he has no support?

Do you think it is true that the hero lacks support? What does the epigraph say?

The children's answers and their reasoning indicate that both the hero Bazarov and they see this support only in their parents.

Teacher: reads an excerpt from an article by D.I. Pisarev “Bazarov”: “...When such a discord appears between relatives and children as we see between the old Bazarovs and their son, then no way out can be thought of. Evgeny Bazarov, of course, can move away from his parents, and his life will still be full, because it will be filled with mental work; but their lives? And what a real Bazarov, what kind of thinking person would decide to push away the old people who only live and breathe for him and who did everything they could for his education. These old men literally lifted him up on their shoulders so that he could grab with his adolescent hands the lowest branch of the tree of knowledge; he grabbed hold and climbed, and climbed high, and it was impossible to get down; and meanwhile, the old people are glad that they can at least hear the vague sounds of their native voice. Tell me, for God's sake, who would not dare, being in Bazarov's position, to remain completely silent and not respond with a single sound to the short and affectionate speeches rising to him from under the tree. And Bazarov responds.

Teacher. Make a supporting summary of the “Image System of the Novel “Fathers and Sons” and show in what place you would place the parents.

Children work in groups. In the center of the supporting summary is the name of the main character Bazarov, and his entourage consists of: N.P. Kirsanov, P.P. Kirsanov, Arkady Kirsanov, Odintsova, parents. They rank these heroes in order of importance: who is closer to Bazarov, and who is further away. It turned out that all groups had in common that they placed their parents next to Bazarov.

The teacher draws a conclusion, the children write it down.

Turgenev is a great psychologist. His Bazarov, although cynical and shameless in words, is a moral man at heart. Without realizing it, he lives by fairly high moral principles. In the face of death, Bazarov's best qualities appear: tenderness for his parents, poetic love hidden in external severity. We hear words of pity and love, so unusual for Bazarov, full of poetry about his parents: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day…” (epigraph)

Teacher: Retelling - analysis of chapters 20-21 of the novel “Fathers and Sons” (Bazarov and his parents). During the retelling, raise the following questions: “The attitude of the Bazarovs’ father and mother towards their son. And Bazarov’s attitude towards them.”

Teacher (after retelling the chapters): Turgenev shows with what great love Bazarov’s parents treat their son. His mother affectionately calls him “Enyushka”; she staggered from excitement and probably would have fallen if Bazarov had not held her. Turgenev writes that old man Bazarov was breathing deeply and squinting more than ever, because he probably wanted to stop the tears. So, we see the parents’ great love for their son, we feel it thanks to Turgenev’s skill, the power of his words: with laconic, but extremely expressive details of the heroes’ external behavior, he shows their state of mind.

Teacher: Let's now try to figure out what these people are. And for this, draw up a “Social passport of Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov and Arina Vasilievna.”

(The guys compile a “Social Passport” in writing, which includes the following data: the Bazarovs’ estate (estate); the origin of Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vasilievna; the occupation of the heroes.

Teacher (after filling out the table): What can we say about parents? Bazarov based on this material. Let's start with Vasily Ivanovich.

Pupils: Vasily Ivanovich is a very kind person. He treats peasants for free, although he has already refused to work as a doctor. He strives to expand his knowledge, reads medical journals, talks about scientists and sciences that Bazarov rejects, and he does this to prove his education.

Teacher (together with the children we write down individual theses).

Vasily Ivanovich is progressive, he transfers his men to defense, although this is not profitable for him.

Vasily Ivanovich is a hospitable host; he greets Arkady with pleasure.

Vasily Ivanovich is trying to prove his education by inserting words in French into his speech.

Thus, with all his humanity, Vasily Ivanovich strives for progress.

Teacher: Arina Vasilievna? The children answer that Arina Vasilievna is a person of a different way of life, but in the novel she is shown as an infinitely loving mother.

We write down: Arina Vasilievna was superstitious and ignorant, she didn’t read books, she loved to eat, sleep and knew a lot about housekeeping. She is very kind and caring, she will not go to bed if her husband has a headache, she loves her son more than anything in the world.

Teacher: How does Evgeny Bazarov relate to his parents?

We analyze Bazarov’s conversation with Arkady about his parents and about leaving (expressive reading of Chapter 20). Bazarov loves his parents, he directly says to Arkady: “I love you, Arkady” - and this is a lot in his mouth.

Lesson results: In the face of death, Bazarov’s best qualities appear: tenderness for his parents, thirst for life, work, achievement, willpower. We hear words so unusual for Bazarov, full of poetry: “Blow on the dying lamp, and let it go out...” We also hear words full of love and pity about parents, who became the epigraph to our lesson.

Homework: Answer in writing the question: “What did Bazarov understand about his old people? Have they underdeveloped to him or has he not matured to these uneducated simple people, with their ability to love, with their concepts of honor and moral duty?

Having shown in his novel “Fathers and Sons” the type of the new hero, the democrat-raznochinsky, materialist and nihilist Bazarov, I.S. Turgenev also shows that, like any thinking person, the hero cannot remain in the same positions under different circumstances of his life. Bazarov is not a blind fanatic of an idea, not a dogmatist; he is also capable of doubting, worrying, and being disappointed. Defeat in love was the first blow for the hero. He, who denied all romantic feelings, like a boy, confessed his love to Anna Sergeevna, but she refused

From his love, afraid for my peace of mind and comfort. Bazarov's pride was so wounded that this became the beginning of his mental crisis, a period of grave doubts and self-doubt.

The scene at the haystack is evidence of this mental crisis. Bazarov and Arkady are relaxing at the estate with Bazarov’s parents. Osipa, on the edge of a hole left over from a brick barn, reminds Bazarov of his childhood and involuntarily makes him regret the former halcyon times. “I didn’t realize then that I didn’t miss being a kid.” He is bored in his parents' house, their petty household concerns are alien to him. What

Does Bazarov himself worry? “...The narrow place that I occupy is so tiny in comparison with the rest of the space where I am not and where there is nothing to do with me; and the part of time that I manage to live is so insignificant before eternity, where I have not been and will not be...” The feeling of his own insignificance and uselessness in this world makes the hero doubt his destiny. What is the meaning of his life and work, what will remain after him? If the peasant “Philip will live in a white hut, and I will grow into a burdock,” will this make it easier for the hero? Going out of your way for a man who “won’t even say thank you”, is this the meaning of the revolutionary democratic movement? Bazarov is not confident in his abilities, and the only thing he can be proud of is the fact that “he didn’t break himself, so the woman won’t break me.” Denying the “deaf life that the “fathers” lead here, Bazarov cannot oppose anything to it. To Arkady’s question, on which side is the truth, Bazarov says that he can answer, “like an echo: where?” He denies human morality, reducing everything to the power of primitive sensations: “Why do I like chemistry? Why do you love apples? also by virtue of sensation.” He denies humanity a deeper knowledge of the world: “People still won’t penetrate deeper than this.” And the nonsense that he talks about Pushkin and supposedly about his poems shows how one-sided his natural science education is. The scene ends with a disagreement with Arkady, when the hearts of both young people are seized by “some almost hostile feeling.” Arkady protests against “despotism” for the first time! Bazarov, laughing at his “beautiful” phrase. He is outraged that Bazarov called his uncle an idiot, and not only out of family feeling, but also out of a sense of justice. If Bazarov's father had not appeared, the friends might have fought. Eugene’s tactlessness and unceremoniousness hurts Arkady’s feelings, which once again confirms that they are initially alien to each other. “No friendship can withstand such clashes for long,” says the author.

This episode reveals more deeply both the turning point in Bazarov’s worldview and the inevitability of differences with Arkady. Bazarov has nothing more to achieve in this life, and his absurd death will not be an accident; it is a natural ending, which the author considers the only one worthy of an extraordinary hero.

Getting out of bed, Arkady opened the window - and the first object that caught his eye was Vasily Ivanovich. In a Bukhara dressing gown, belted with a handkerchief, the old man was diligently rummaging in the garden. He noticed his young guest and, leaning on his shoulder blade, exclaimed:

We wish you good health! How would you like to rest?

“Great,” answered Arkady.

And here I am, as you can see, like a certain Cincinnatus, making a bed for late turnips. Now the time has come - and thank God! - that everyone must get food for themselves with their own hands, there is nothing to rely on others: you have to work yourself. And it turns out that Jean-Jacques Rousseau is right. Half an hour ago, my sir, you would have seen me in a completely different position. To one woman who complained about oppression - in theirs, but in ours - dysentery, I... how to put it better... I poured in opium; and I pulled out another tooth. I suggested etherization to this one... but she did not agree. I do all this gratis - anamater. However, I’m not surprised: I’m a plebeian, homo novus - not one of the pillars, not like my missus... Wouldn’t you like to be welcome here, in the shade, to breathe in the morning freshness before tea?

Arkady came out to him.

Welcome again! - said Vasily Ivanovich, putting his hand in a military manner to the greasy skullcap that covered his head. “You, I know, are accustomed to luxury and pleasure, but even the great of this world do not hesitate to spend a short time under the roof of a hut.

Have mercy,” cried Arkady, “how great am I of this world?” And I'm not used to luxury.

Excuse me, excuse me,” Vasily Ivanovich objected with an amiable grimace. “Even though I’ve now been archived, I’ve also rubbed myself in the light - I recognize a bird by its flight.” I am also a psychologist in my own way and a physiognomist. If I didn’t have this, I dare say, gift, I would have been lost long ago; They would have crushed me, a little man. I will tell you without compliments: the friendship that I notice between you and my son sincerely pleases me. I just saw him: he, as is his custom, probably known to you, jumped up very early and ran around the neighborhood. Let me be curious - have you known my Eugene for a long time?

Since this winter.

Yes, sir. And let me ask you one more thing - but should we sit down? - let me ask you, as a father, with all frankness: what is your opinion of my Eugene?

“Your son is one of the most wonderful people I have ever met,” Arkady answered brightly.

Vasily Ivanovich's eyes suddenly opened, and his cheeks faintly flushed. The shovel fell out of his hands.

So, you believe... - he began.

“I am sure,” Arkady picked up, “that a great future awaits your son, that he will glorify your name.” I was convinced of this from our first meeting.

How... how was it? - Vasily Ivanovich barely spoke. An enthusiastic smile parted his wide lips and never left them.

Do you want to know how we met?

Yes... and in general...

Arkady began to talk and talk about Bazarov with even greater fervor, with greater enthusiasm than that evening when he danced the mazurka with Odintsova.

Vasily Ivanovich listened to him, listened, blew his nose, rolled his handkerchief in both hands, coughed, ruffled his hair - and finally could not stand it: he bent over to Arkady and kissed him on the shoulder.

“You have made me absolutely happy,” he said, still smiling, “I must tell you that I... adore my son; I’m not even talking about my old woman: you know - mother! but I don’t dare show my feelings in front of him, because he doesn’t like it. He is the enemy of all outpourings; many even condemn him for such firmness of his character and see in it a sign of pride or insensitivity; but people like him don’t have to be measured by an ordinary yardstick, right? Well, for example: someone else in his place would have pulled and pulled from his parents; and with us, would you believe it? he never took an extra penny, by God!

“He is a selfless, honest person,” Arkady noted.

Precisely selfless. And I, Arkady Nikolaich, not only adore him, I am proud of him, and my whole ambition is that over time the following words will appear in his biography: “The son of a simple headquarters doctor, who, however, knew how to figure it out early and nothing did not spare for his upbringing...” - The old man’s voice broke off.

Arkady squeezed his hand.

“What do you think,” asked Vasily Ivanovich after some silence, “it’s not in the medical field that he will achieve the fame that you prophesy for him?”

Of course, not in medicine, although in this respect he will be one of the first scientists.

Which one, Arkady Nikolaich?

It's hard to say now, but he will be famous.

He will be famous! - the old man repeated and plunged into thought.

Arina Vlasyevna was ordered to ask for tea to eat,” said Anfisushka, passing by with a huge dish of ripe raspberries.

Vasily Ivanovich perked up.

Will there be cold cream for the raspberries?

They will, sir.

Yes, they're cold, look! Don't stand on ceremony, Arkady Nikolaich, take more. Why isn’t Evgeniy coming?

Vasily Ivanovich quickly turned around.

Yeah! you wanted to visit your friend; but you were late, amice, and we already had a long conversation with him. Now I have to go and have tea: my mother is calling. By the way, I need to talk to you.

There is a guy here, he suffers from icterus...

That is, jaundice?

Yes, chronic and very persistent icterus. I prescribed him centaury and St. John's wort, forced him to eat carrots, gave him soda; but these are all palliatives; I need something more decisive. Even though you laugh at medicine, I’m sure you can give me sound advice. But more on that later. Now let's go have some tea.

Vasily Ivanovich quickly jumped up from the bench and sang from “Robert”:

Law, law, law, let's set ourselves a law

For ra... for ra... for joy!

Remarkable survivability! - Bazarov said, moving away from the window.

It's noon. The sun burned from behind a thin curtain of solid whitish clouds. Everything was silent, only the roosters cheerfully crowed in the village, arousing in everyone who heard them a strange feeling of drowsiness and boredom; and somewhere high in the tops of the trees the incessant squeak of a young hawk rang like a whiny call. Arkady and Bazarov lay in the shade of a small haystack, with two armfuls of noisily dry, but still green and fragrant grass underneath them.

That aspen,” Bazarov spoke, “reminds me of my childhood; it grows on the edge of a hole left over from a brick barn, and at that time I was sure that this hole and the aspen had a special talisman: I was never bored near them. I didn’t understand then that I wasn’t bored because I was a child. Well, now I'm an adult, the talisman doesn't work.

How long did you spend here in total? - asked Arkady.

Two years in a row; then we ran over. We led a wandering life; Most of them were hanging around the cities.

Has this house been standing for a long time?

For a long time. It was built by my grandfather, my mother’s father.

Who was he, your grandfather?

The devil knows. Some kind of second major. He served under Suvorov and talked all about the crossing of the Alps. He must have been lying.

That’s why you have a portrait of Suvorov hanging in your living room. And I love houses like yours, old and warm; and they have a special smell.

“Smells of lamp oil and sweet clover,” said Bazarov, yawning. - Why are there flies in these cute houses... Phew!

Tell me,” Arkady began after a short silence, “were you not oppressed as a child?”

You see what my parents are like. The people are not strict.

Do you love them, Evgeny?

I love you, Arkady!

They love you so much!

Bazarov was silent.

Do you know what I'm thinking? - he said finally, throwing his hands behind his head.

Don't know. About what?

I think: it’s good for my parents to live in the world! At the age of sixty, the father is busy, talking about “palliative” remedies, treating people, being generous with the peasants - carousing, in a word; and my mother feels good: her day is so crammed with all sorts of activities, oohs and oohs, that she has no time to come to her senses; and I…

And I think: I’m lying here under a haystack... The narrow place that I occupy is so tiny in comparison with the rest of the space where I am not and where no one cares about me; and the part of time that I will be able to live is so insignificant before eternity, where I have not been and will not be... But in this atom, in this mathematical point, the blood circulates, the brain works, it also wants something... What an outrage! What nonsense!

Let me point out: what you say applies to all people in general...

“You’re right,” Bazarov picked up. “I wanted to say that they, my parents that is, are busy and don’t worry about their own insignificance, it doesn’t stink to them... but I... I only feel boredom and anger.”

Anger? why anger?

Why? How why? Have you forgotten?

I remember everything, but still I don’t recognize your right to be angry. You're unhappy, I agree, but...

Eh! Yes, I see, Arkady Nikolaevich, you understand love, like all new young people: chick, chick, chick, chicken, and as soon as the chicken starts to approach, God bless your legs! I'm not like that. But enough about that. What cannot be helped is a shame to talk about. - He turned on his side. - Hey! there's a fine ant dragging a half-dead fly. Take her, brother, take her! Don’t look at the fact that she resists, take advantage of the fact that you, as an animal, have the right not to recognize feelings of compassion, not like our self-made brother!

You shouldn't have said it, Evgeniy! When did you break yourself?

Bazarov raised his head.

That's all I'm excited about. I didn’t break myself, so the woman won’t break me. Amen! It's over! You will never hear a word about this from me again.

Both friends lay in silence for some time.

Yes,” Bazarov began, “man is a strange creature. When you look from the side and from a distance at the desolate life that the “fathers” lead here, it seems: what’s better? Eat, drink and know that you are acting in the most correct, most reasonable manner. But no; the melancholy will overcome. I want to mess with people, even scold them, and mess with them.

We need to arrange life in such a way that every moment in it is significant,” Arkady said thoughtfully.

Who's talking? Although significant things can be false and sweet, you can also make peace with insignificant things... but squabbles, squabbles... this is a disaster.

Squabbles do not exist for a person unless he wants to admit them.

Hm... you said the opposite commonplace.

What? What do you call by this name?

But here's what: to say, for example, that enlightenment is useful is a common place; and to say that enlightenment is harmful is the opposite commonplace. It seems more dapper, but, in essence, it’s the same thing.

But the truth is where, on which side?

Where? I will answer you like an echo: where?

You are in a melancholic mood today, Evgeniy.

Indeed? The sun must have steamed me, and I can’t eat so many raspberries.

In this case, it’s not a bad idea to take a nap,” Arkady noted.

Perhaps; Just don’t look at me: every person’s face is stupid when he sleeps.

Do you care what they think about you?

I don't know what to tell you. A real person shouldn't care about this; a real person is one about whom there is nothing to think, but whom one must obey or hate.

Strange! “I don’t hate anyone,” Arkady said, after thinking.

And I have so many. You are a gentle soul, a weakling, where can you hate!.. You are timid, you have little hope for yourself...

“And you,” interrupted Arkady, “rely on yourself?” Do you have a high opinion of yourself?

Bazarov was silent.

When I meet a person who would not give up in front of me,” he said with emphasis, “then I will change my opinion about myself. Hate! Yes, for example, you said today, passing by the hut of our elder Philip, - it is so nice, white, - now, you said, Russia will then reach perfection when the last peasant will have the same room, and each of us should contribute to this ... And I hated this last guy, Philip or Sidor, for whom I have to bend over backwards and who won’t even say thank you to me... and why should I thank him? Well, he will live in a white hut, and a burdock will grow out of me; Well, what next?

Come on, Evgeniy... listening to you today, you will inevitably agree with those who reproach us for the lack of principles.

You sound like your uncle. There are no principles at all - you haven’t guessed it until now! - but there are sensations. Everything depends on them.

How so?

Yes the same. For example, me: I adhere to the negative direction - due to sensation. I’m happy to deny it, my brain works that way - and that’s it! Why do I like chemistry? Why do you love apples? - also due to sensation. It's all one. People will never go deeper than this. Not everyone will tell you this, and I won’t tell you this another time.

Well? and honesty is a feeling?

A? What? not to your taste? - Bazarov interrupted. - No, brother! I decided to mow down everything - go ahead and kick yourself!.. However, we were quite philosophical. “Nature evokes the silence of sleep,” said Pushkin.

“He never said anything like that,” said Arkady.

Well, I didn’t say that, but I could and should have said that as a poet. By the way, he must have served in the military.

Pushkin was never a military man!

For mercy's sake, on every page: for battle, for battle! for the honor of Russia!

What kind of stories are you inventing? After all, this is slander, after all.

Slander? Eka importance! That's what I thought of using a word to scare! Whatever slander you bring against a person, he, in essence, deserves twenty times worse.

Let's sleep better! - Arkady said with annoyance.

“With the greatest pleasure,” answered Bazarov.

But neither one nor the other could sleep. Some almost hostile feeling gripped the hearts of both young people. About five minutes later they opened their eyes and looked at each other in silence.

Look,” Arkady suddenly said, “a dry maple leaf has come off and is falling to the ground; its movements are completely similar to the flight of a butterfly. Isn't it strange? The saddest and deadest is similar to the most cheerful and alive.

Oh my friend, Arkady Nikolaich! - exclaimed Bazarov, - I ask you one thing: don’t speak beautifully.

I speak as best I can... And finally, this is despotism. A thought occurred to me; why not express it?

So; but why shouldn’t I express my thoughts? I find that speaking beautifully is indecent.

What is decent? Swear?

Uh! Yes, I see you definitely intend to follow in your uncle’s footsteps. How happy this idiot would be if he heard you!

What did you call Pavel Petrovich?

I called him properly, an idiot.

This, however, is unbearable! - Arkady exclaimed.

Yeah! a kindred feeling spoke,” Bazarov said calmly. - I noticed that it persists in people very stubbornly. A person is ready to give up everything, he will part with every prejudice; but to admit that, for example, a brother who steals other people's handkerchiefs is a thief is beyond his strength. And indeed: my brother, my brother, is not a genius... is this possible?

A simple sense of justice spoke in me, and not at all related,” Arkady objected passionately. - But since you don’t understand this feeling, you don’t have this feeling, then you can’t judge it.

In other words: Arkady Kirsanov is too exalted for my understanding, - I bow and fall silent.

Enough, please, Evgeniy; We'll finally quarrel.

Ah, Arkady! Do me a favor, let's have a good fight once - to the point of extermination.

But this way, we’ll probably end up with...

What are we going to fight? - Bazarov picked up. - Well? Here, in the hay, in such an idyllic setting, far from the light and human gaze - nothing. But you can't deal with me. I'll grab you by the throat now...

Bazarov spread out his long and stiff fingers... Arkady turned and prepared, as if jokingly, to resist... But his friend’s face seemed so ominous to him, such a serious threat seemed to him in the crooked smile of his lips, in his sparkling eyes, that he felt involuntary timidity...

A! This is where you got to! - Vasily Ivanovich’s voice rang out at that moment, and the old staff doctor appeared before the young people, dressed in a homemade linen jacket and with a straw hat, also homemade, on his head. - I looked for you, looked for you... But you chose a great place and indulge in a wonderful activity. Lying on the “ground”, looking at the “sky”... You know, this has some special meaning!

“I only look at the sky when I want to sneeze,” Bazarov grumbled and, turning to Arkady, added in a low voice: “It’s a pity that I interrupted.”

Well, that’s enough,” Arkady whispered and secretly shook his friend’s hand. But no friendship can withstand such clashes for long.

“I look at you, my young interlocutors,” Vasily Ivanovich said meanwhile, shaking his head and leaning with crossed arms on some cunningly twisted stick of his own making, with the figure of a Turk instead of a knob, “I look and cannot help but admire. How much strength, blooming youth, abilities, talents you have! Just... Castor and Pollux!

Look where - he threw himself into mythology! - said Bazarov. - Now it’s clear that at one time he was a strong Latinist! After all, I remember you were awarded a silver medal for your essay, huh?

Dioscuri, Dioscuri! - Vasily Ivanovich repeated.

However, father, don’t be gentle.

“For once it’s possible,” the old man muttered. - However, I didn’t find you, gentlemen, in order to pay you compliments; but in order, firstly, to report to you that we will have dinner soon; and secondly, I wanted to preface you, Evgeny... You are an intelligent person, you know people, and you know women, and, therefore, you will excuse me... Your mother wanted to serve a prayer service on the occasion of your arrival. Don’t imagine that I am calling you to attend this prayer service: it is already over; but Father Alexey...

Well, yes, priest; he’s going to eat with us... I didn’t expect this and didn’t even advise... but somehow it turned out that way... he didn’t understand me... Well, and Arina Vlasyevna... Besides, he’s a very good and reasonable person.

After all, he won’t eat my portion at lunch? - asked Bazarov.

Vasily Ivanovich laughed.

Have mercy on you!

And I don't demand anything more. I am ready to sit down at the table with anyone.

Vasily Ivanovich adjusted his hat.

“I was sure in advance,” he said, “that you are above all prejudices.” Why, I’m an old man, I’ve been living for sixty-two years, and I don’t have them either. (Vasily Ivanovich did not dare admit that he himself wanted the prayer service... He was no less devout than his wife.) And Father Alexei really wanted to meet you. You'll like him, you'll see. He doesn’t mind playing cards, and even... but this is between us... smokes a pipe.

What? After lunch we'll play Jumble and I'll beat him.

Hehehe, we'll see! Grandma said in two.

And what? Are you going to shake off the old days? - Bazarov said with special emphasis.

Vasily Ivanovich’s bronze cheeks flushed vaguely.

Shame on you, Evgeniy... What happened is past. Well, yes, I’m ready to admit to them that I had this passion in my youth - for sure; Yes, and I paid for it! However, it's so hot. Let me sit down with you. I'm not interfering, am I?

“Not at all,” Arkady answered.

Vasily Ivanovich sank onto the hay, groaning.

“Your present bed, my sirs,” he began, “reminds me of my military, bivouac life, dressing stations, also somewhere like that near a haystack, and that too, thank God. - He sighed. - I have experienced a lot, a lot in my lifetime. For example, if you allow me, I will tell you an interesting episode of the plague in Bessarabia.

For which did you get Vladimir? - Bazarov picked up. - We know, we know... By the way, why don’t you wear it?

“After all, I told you that I have no prejudices,” Vasily Ivanovich muttered (he had only the day before ordered the red ribbon to be removed from his coat) and began to tell the episode of the plague. “But he fell asleep,” he suddenly whispered to Arkady, pointing at Bazarov and winking good-naturedly. - Eugene! get up! - he added loudly: - Let's go to dinner...

Father Alexey, a prominent and plump man, with thick, carefully combed hair, with an embroidered belt on his purple silk cassock, turned out to be a very dexterous and resourceful man. He was the first to hasten to shake hands with Arkady and Bazarov, as if understanding in advance that they did not need his blessing, and generally behaved at ease. And he did not betray himself and did not offend others; By the way, he laughed at the seminary Latin and stood up for his bishop; I drank two glasses of wine, but refused the third; He accepted a cigar from Arkady, but did not smoke it, saying that he would take it home. The only thing that was not entirely pleasant about him was that every now and then he slowly and carefully raised his hand to catch flies on his face, and at the same time sometimes crushed them. He sat down at the green table with a moderate expression of pleasure and ended up beating Bazarov by two rubles and fifty kopecks in banknotes: in Arina Vlasyevna’s house they had no idea about the account for the silver... She was still sitting next to her son (she did not play cards) , still resting her cheek on her fist, and got up only to order some new dish to be served. She was afraid to caress Bazarov, and he did not encourage her, did not challenge her to caress; Moreover, Vasily Ivanovich advised her not to “bother” him too much. “Young people are reluctant to do this,” he told her (there is no need to say what the dinner was that day: Timofeich himself galloped at dawn for some special Cherkassy beef; the headman rode in the other direction for burbot, ruffs and crayfish; for mushrooms alone, the women received forty-two kopecks in copper); but Arina Vlasyevna’s eyes, relentlessly turned to Bazarov, expressed more than just devotion and tenderness: they also showed sadness, mixed with curiosity and fear, and some kind of humble reproach.

However, Bazarov had no time to figure out what exactly his mother’s eyes expressed; he rarely addressed her, and then only with a short question. Once he asked her for her hand in happiness; she quietly placed her soft hand on his hard and wide palm.

“What,” she asked after a little while, “didn’t help?”

It got even worse,” he answered with a careless grin.

“They are already taking a real risk,” Father Alexei said as if with regret and stroked his beautiful beard.

Napoleonic rule, father, Napoleonic rule,” Vasily Ivanovich picked up and went with the ace.

“It’s what brought him to the island of St. Helena,” said Father Alexei and covered his ace with a trump card.

Would you like some currant water, Enyushechka? - asked Arina Vlasyevna.

Bazarov just shrugged his shoulders.

No! - he said the next day to Arkady, - I’ll leave here tomorrow. Boring; I want to work, but I can’t do it here. I’ll go back to your village; I left all my medications there. At least you can lock yourself in. And here my father repeats to me: “My office is at your service - no one will disturb you”; and he himself is not a step away from me. Yes, and it’s a shame to somehow shut yourself out from him. Well, mother too. I can hear her sighing behind the wall, but you go out to her and she has nothing to say.

“She will be very upset,” said Arkady, “and so will he.”

I'll come back to them later.

Yes, that’s how I’ll go to St. Petersburg.

I especially feel sorry for your mother.

What's so? Did she please you with berries or something?

Arkady lowered his eyes.

You don’t know your mother, Evgeny. She's not only a great woman, she's very smart, really. This morning she talked to me for half an hour, and it was so practical and interesting.

Is it true that everything was spread about me?

It wasn't just you we were talking about.

May be; you know better from the outside. If a woman can hold a conversation for half an hour, this is a good sign. But I will still leave.

It will not be easy for you to break this news to them. They are all talking about what we will do in two weeks.

Not easy. The devil pulled me to tease my father today; The other day he ordered one of his quitrent peasants to be whipped - and he did it very well; yes, don’t look at me with such horror, he did very well, because he is a terrible thief and drunkard; Only my father did not expect that I, as they say, became known about this. He was very embarrassed, and now I have to upset him on top of that... Nothing! It will heal before the wedding.

Bazarov said: “Nothing!” - but a whole day passed before he decided to notify Vasily Ivanovich of his intention. Finally, already saying goodbye to him in the office, he said with a forced yawn:

Yes... I almost forgot to tell you... Order our horses to be sent to Fedot tomorrow as a stand.

Vasily Ivanovich was amazed.

Is Mr. Kirsanov leaving us?

Yes; and I'm leaving with him.

Vasily Ivanovich turned over on the spot.

You are leaving?

Yes I need. Please make arrangements for the horses.

Okay... - the old man babbled, - on a set-up... ok... just... just... How is this possible?

I need to go see him for a short time. I'll come back here again later.

Yes! For a short time... Okay. - Vasily Ivanovich took out a handkerchief and, blowing his nose, bent down almost to the ground. - Well? this... everything will be. I thought you were with us... longer. Three days... This, this, after three years, is not enough; not enough, Evgeniy!

Yes, I'm telling you that I'll be back soon. I need.

It is necessary... Well? First of all, you need to fulfill your duty... So send the horses? Fine. Of course, Arina and I didn’t expect this. She begged flowers from a neighbor, she wanted to clean your room. (Vasily Ivanovich no longer mentioned that every morning, at first light, standing on his bare feet in shoes, he conferred with Timofeich and, with trembling fingers, taking out one tattered banknote after another, entrusted him with various purchases, especially focusing on food supplies and red wine, which, as far as one could see, was very popular with the young people.) The main thing is freedom; this is my rule... no need to embarrass... no...

He suddenly fell silent and headed towards the door.

We'll see you soon, father, really.

But Vasily Ivanovich, without turning around, just waved his hand and left. Returning to the bedroom, he found his wife in bed and began to pray in a whisper so as not to wake her. However, she woke up.

Is it you, Vasily Ivanovich? - she asked.

Me, mother!

Are you from Enyusha? You know, I'm afraid: is it safe for him to sleep on the sofa? I told Anfisushka to give him your camp mattress and new pillows; I would give him our down jacket, but I remember he doesn’t like to sleep softly.

It's okay, mother, don't worry. He feels good. “Lord, have mercy on us sinners,” he continued his prayer in a low voice. Vasily Ivanovich took pity on his old lady; he did not want to tell her at night what grief awaited her.

Bazarov and Arkady left the next day. In the morning everything in the house was already gloomy; Anfisushka's dishes were falling out of her hands; even Fedka was perplexed and ended up taking off his boots. Vasily Ivanovich fussed more than ever: he was apparently brave, spoke loudly and knocked his feet, but his face was drawn, and his eyes constantly slid past his son. Arina Vlasyevna was crying quietly; she would have been completely at a loss and would not have been able to control herself if her husband had not tried to persuade her for two whole hours early in the morning. When Bazarov, after repeated promises to return no later than a month, finally broke free from the embrace that held him and got into the tarantass; when the horses started moving, and the bell rang, and the wheels began to spin, - and now there was no need to look after him, and the dust settled, and Timofeich, all hunched over and staggering as he walked, trudged back to his closet; when the old people were left alone in their house, which also seemed to have suddenly shrunk and become decrepit, Vasily Ivanovich, who had been bravely waving his handkerchief on the porch a few moments before, sank into a chair and dropped his head on his chest. “Abandoned, abandoned us,” he babbled, “abandoned us; He got bored with us. One like a finger now, one!” - he repeated several times and each time he brought forward his hand with his index finger separated. Then Arina Vlasyevna approached him and, leaning her gray head against his gray head, said: “What to do, Vasya! The son is a cut off piece. He is like a falcon: he wanted - he flew, he wanted - he flew away; and you and I, like honey mushrooms in a hollow tree, sit side by side and don’t move. Only I will remain unchanged for you forever, just as you are for me.”

If the work is a translation, or other derivative work, or created in collaboration, then the exclusive copyright has expired for all authors of the original and the translation.

Having shown in his novel “Fathers and Sons” the type of the new hero, the democrat-raznochinsky, materialist and nihilist Bazarov, I.S. Turgenev also shows that, like any thinking person, the hero cannot remain in the same positions under different circumstances of his life. Bazarov is not a blind fanatic of an idea, not a dogmatist; he is also capable of doubting, worrying, and being disappointed. Defeat in love was the first blow for the hero. He, who denied all romantic feelings, like a boy, confessed his love to Anna Sergeevna, but she refused his love, fearing for her peace of mind and comfort. Bazarov's pride was so wounded that this became the beginning of his mental crisis, a period of grave doubts and self-doubt.
The scene at the haystack is evidence of this mental crisis. Bazarov and Arkady are relaxing at the estate with Bazarov’s parents. Osipa, on the edge of a hole left over from a brick barn, reminds Bazarov of his childhood and involuntarily makes him regret the former halcyon times. “I didn’t realize then that I didn’t miss being a kid.” He is bored in his parents' house, their petty household concerns are alien to him. What worries Bazarov himself? “...The narrow place that I occupy is so tiny in comparison with the rest of the space where I am not and where there is nothing to do with me; and the part of time that I manage to live is so insignificant before eternity, where I have not been and will not be...” The feeling of his own insignificance and uselessness in this world makes the hero doubt his destiny. What is the meaning of his life and work, what will remain after him? If the peasant “Philip will live in a white hut, and I will grow into a burdock,” will this make it easier for the hero? Going out of your way for a man who “won’t even say thank you”, is this the meaning of the revolutionary democratic movement? Bazarov is not confident in his abilities, and the only thing he can be proud of is the fact that “he didn’t break himself, so the woman won’t break me.” Denying the “deaf life that the “fathers” lead here, Bazarov cannot oppose anything to it. To Arkady’s question, on which side is the truth, Bazarov says that he can answer, “like an echo: where?” He denies human morality, reducing everything to the power of primitive sensations: “Why do I like chemistry? Why do you love apples? also by virtue of sensation.” He denies humanity a deeper knowledge of the world: “People still won’t penetrate deeper than this.” And the nonsense that he talks about Pushkin and supposedly about his poems shows how one-sided his natural science education is. The scene ends with a disagreement with Arkady, when the hearts of both young people are seized by “some almost hostile feeling.” Arkady protests against “despotism” for the first time! Bazarov, laughing at his “beautiful” phrase. He is outraged that Bazarov called his uncle an idiot, and not only out of family feeling, but also out of a sense of justice. If Bazarov's father had not appeared, the friends might have fought. Eugene’s tactlessness and unceremoniousness hurts Arkady’s feelings, which once again confirms that they are initially alien to each other. “No friendship can withstand such clashes for long,” says the author.

This episode reveals more deeply both the turning point in Bazarov’s worldview and the inevitability of differences with Arkady. Bazarov has nothing more to achieve in this life, and his absurd death will not be an accident; it is a natural ending, which the author considers the only one worthy of an extraordinary hero.

Dialogue-disputes occupy an important place in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". They are one of the main ways to characterize the heroes of the novel. By expressing his thoughts, his attitude to different things and concepts, a person reveals himself, his...

Lesson objectives: Educational - deepening students' knowledge about the character of the main character based on comparing him with other characters in the novel through revealing their complex relationships; Educational - fostering a culture of feelings, a serious attitude...

Bazarov's personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it. DI. Pisarev I wanted to make him a tragic face... I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil,...

In the novel Fathers and Sons, Turgenev depicted the socio-political struggle in Russia on the eve of the reform of 1861. Progressive-minded Russian people understood that changes in society were necessary, that the old economic structure and the old state...

What brings together and what separates these heroes of the novel "Fathers and Sons"?

Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov are connected by a nihilistic theory, a social movement of young people who understood the need for urgent reforms. Arkady's ardent desire to participate in the birth of new ideas for reforming society brought him under the tutelage of Bazarov, who liked the role of mentor and teacher, which is why he tried to get closer to Arkady. At first, the “student” really wanted to please the “teacher”; he even began to “re-educate” his father, Nikolai Petrovich. As it turned out later, Arkady and Evgeny actually had neither friendship nor a common cause. Later, Bazarov calls his “student” a “soft liberal gentleman” in whom there is “neither insolence nor anger”, and therefore he is not suitable “for a bitter, tart, bourgeois life.” And Arkady himself understood that their paths would diverge: he would get married, and having created a family, he would continue the family traditions of the Kirsanov nobles.

Bazarov needed supporters, followers, students, like a retinue for a king. And Arkady is convinced of this when he asks about Sitnikov: “...why is he here?” Bazarov’s answer shows the bottomless abyss of his pride: “You, brother, are still stupid... We need the Sitnikovs. I... need idiots like this. It’s really not for the gods to burn pots.” Arkady understands that he, too, is one of the “boobies,” and this offends him.

To reveal the ideological content of the novel, the episode where the characters talk while lying on the hay is of great importance. The ideological dispute that began on the Kirsanov estate continues here. Arkady, who seemed to be like-minded with Bazarov, gradually realizes how far his ideas about the impending changes in life are from the nihilistic theory of his friend and mentor.
In the previous (XIX chapter) the author notes that “for some time now a kind of false, cheeky banter has been established between both young people, which always serves as a sign of secret displeasure or unspoken suspicions.” It was on this evening that Arkady realized that Bazarov despises those who consider themselves his students. He himself did not feel respect for Sitnikov and Kukshina, but he would not want to subject them to insults, although he sometimes unwittingly participates in very unpleasant scenes of humiliation of “like-minded people.”

The conversation of young people under a haystack helps to reveal new sides of Bazarov’s character and his relationship with Arkady. Bazarov's tragic situation is that he is rejected by the woman he loves. But even Arkady does not understand his friend, although Evgeny admitted to him that he was defeated. For the first time, Bazarov realized what a collapse in thoughts and hopes was. He is deeply worried, he has lost weight, cannot sleep, is almost sick. For him, who denied love as romanticism and unforgivable stupidity, the truth was suddenly revealed: the human heart is capable of deep and strong feelings when the mind and life are subordinated to one goal - to be close to the beloved. Until recently, Bazarov did not seek to commit himself to a serious relationship with a woman and could have acted like others: “God give me legs.” Now Evgeniy assures Arkady that he is not like that. It turned out that the test of love revealed the strong, robust nature of a person capable of responsibly resolving issues of relations between a man and a woman. But it was precisely during this turning point and difficult period for Bazarov that he was suddenly thrown away by a blow of denial, like an unnecessary object or an undesirable phenomenon in the life of the one who had become dearer to him than anything in the world.

In a conversation with Arkady under a haystack, Bazarov promises that he will no longer talk about feelings. He struggles with his pain, trying to be philosophical about what is happening. He is looking for a fulcrum and talks about the insignificance of a grain of sand, an “atom”, a “mathematical point” in comparison with world space, in comparison with the universe: “... and the part of time that I manage to live is so insignificant before eternity.. ." Deep melancholy and tragic loneliness are heard in these words of Bazarov, who begins to realize that he is losing not only the barely born hope of happiness of being loved, but in general in life he is alone: ​​there are no real students, no like-minded people, and he has long been estranged from his parents.

Bazarov, in a dispute with Arkady, declares that he has not yet met his equals among those around him, which explains his contempt for people. He also recalls how he felt hatred for the peasant, for whom “public figures should try” to improve the life of the peasant. Evgeny uttered these words as they walked past the good-quality house of the headman of the peasant community in the village where Bazarov’s parents lived. Evgeniy begins to contradict himself: he is dissatisfied with everything, he is tormented by hatred, and he no longer wants to devote his life to the struggle for something new. Arkady tries to stop his friend, reminding him that it is possible to reach an agreement until the nihilists have no principles, and Bazarov says that there are no principles, but only sensations.

In the dispute, they reach contradictions in relation to literature, to the thinking abilities of a person and his speech. “Don’t speak beautifully,” Bazarov urges Arkady when he compares a falling leaf to the flight of a butterfly. Arkady is outraged by such an imposition of the elder’s will, as well as by the arrogance of the “teacher”, who predicts his life “in the footsteps” of his uncle and at the same time calls Pavel Petrovich an idiot. As a result, the friends almost quarreled, and A. Kirsanov suggested that “no friendship can withstand such clashes for long.”

The episode showed that the time has come for Arkady Kirsanov to move away from Bazarov, their paths will soon diverge. It was in a conversation under a haystack that the “student” showed a desire to break free from the power of the “teacher” and boldly objected to him. They have different points of view on love, on marriage, on attitudes towards parents, different views on life goals, on social movements, attitudes towards peasants, on the role of a person in society. They argue about the principles of aristocrats and the “feelings” of nihilists, about Pushkin and the peculiarities of human speech, about the sense of justice.

The author does not express obvious sympathy for any of the characters, but his attitude is conveyed through speech characteristics, through the perception of nature (the old noble house and greenery around), through statements about Bazarov’s parents. The author’s attitude towards the characters is manifested through colloquial expressions and evaluative epithets: “this idiot would be glad,” “I’ll grab you by the throat,” long and stiff fingers, an ominous face, a serious threat, a wry smile if we are talking about Bazarov, but “involuntary timidity.” ”, if the state of Arkady is described, who “resists as if jokingly.”

Arkady, as it turned out, was much closer in his beliefs to the aristocrats than to the nihilist Bazarov. He loved nature, poetry and music; he could not be annoyed by his father’s passion for playing the cello. And he also had the desire to run the household correctly and economically, to work on the family estate. Later, Arkady even achieves some success on his estate.
Arkady's attitude towards love and family values ​​also differed from Eugene's nihilistic views.
A. Kirsanov falls in love, he is happy in love and becomes a good family man.

Bazarov’s monologues helped to better know and understand the hero, but then there was an aggravation of contradictions between the young people, and dialogues with Arkady revealed a tendency towards divergence not only in beliefs, but also in the paths they would take next.

Reviews

In school lessons I didn’t understand Bazarov. Now, having some life experience, I can say: Bazarov builds his life, but he himself does not fully understand the essence of his personality. He is not the way he sees himself. Hence all his contradictions.

Best regards, Galina

PS. I love Turgenev! And I disagree with D. Bykov: Turgenev is not a forgotten author.