Economic professions: list and description. Socio-economic professions
Economics in the broad sense of the word is the basis of all social life. The world cannot exist without a financial basis. And therefore, professions related to money will always be in demand. Which ones do current graduates choose?
Economic professions. List and brief description
Their list is extensive. Specialists who have received an economic education have the opportunity to choose activities in the field of macro- or microeconomics, external finance, and in certain specialized industries. Let's look at the most common economic professions.
Perhaps the most common profession is a cashier. This concept unites a whole range of specialists, including cinema ticket cashiers and supermarket workers. Most of them do not require a higher education in finance to successfully work in their profession.
Strictly speaking, only cashier-operator and currency cashier can be classified as economic specialties. They work in a bank. The first of them conducts various banking operations, the second deals with currency exchange.
Both are part of a large galaxy of bank employees. The last concept is somewhat vague. A bank employee is a specialist with an economic education who is a bank employee. As a rule, each of them performs a specific operation, and specialization begins not during the training process, but directly during employment.
My dear accountant...
There are traditional economic professions, the list of which is headed, of course, by the most popular and sought-after specialist - an accountant. He records every business transaction of a company or enterprise in accordance with the law. He monitors the state of the organization’s finances, calculates taxes in a timely manner, and has direct contact on all financial issues with government agencies and company management. Without a representative of this profession it is impossible to imagine either a tiny enterprise or a reputable organization.
The term “professional accountant”, coined by the International Association of Accountants, implies not only this, but also other types of economic professions, which we will discuss below. There is a certain logic in this, since for all these specialists, as a rule, the basis of professional activity is accounting, to which other skills are subsequently added as their skill grows.
Who are an auditor and an economist?
An auditor in our country is a highly qualified accountant. His activity is auditing, that is, revision of financial statements and documents, and, among other things, consulting on the organization of accounting. In addition to a qualification certificate, an auditor requires serious professional experience. Of course, a university graduate cannot become one. And even after receiving a certificate, the auditor regularly improves his level in special courses.
People who have received a financial education are often called economists (all of them, regardless of specialization). But practically, an economist is an expert theorist on a wide range of issues related to money. He works mainly in the field of planning, studying, preparing and directing financial and economic activities. At enterprises, the job of economists is to develop and control budget execution and generate planned management reporting.
Financiers, traders, brokers
Economic professions also include the specialty of a financier. To simplify as much as possible, we can designate him as an investment specialist. That is, his area is financial transactions. This requires the ability to assess the balance of risk and possible return in order to make the optimal choice. Financiers are investors, bankers, traders. For example, the position of financial director involves a combination of responsibilities as an economist, financier and accountant.
Many economic professions are directly related to the huge and complex securities market. For example, brokers and dealers. The former play the role of intermediaries in the “seller-buyer” pair. The latter, at their own expense and on their own behalf, conduct transactions with securities. Economic security is a relatively new profession, but nevertheless very relevant today.
And other representatives
Of course, all economic professions presented above are not exhausted. Specialists of the same profile - commercial directors, marketers, tax inspectors, logisticians, collectors, analysts, estimators, stock brokers, credit consultants. Other professions in the economic sphere are customer service managers, insurance agents, sales representatives, freight forwarders, and commodity experts.
As you can see, the list is very wide. But there are many who want to fight for a place in the sun in this area. The competition between representatives of the mentioned specialties is very, very high. Those wishing to achieve success in this field will have to become in demand by constantly confirming their qualifications.
Who is this economist?
For example, consider such a popular profession today as an economist. She is invariably in high demand on the labor market. Its versatility allows it to occupy a position in almost any sector of the economy. Having professional economic knowledge, it is quite possible to start your own business, having calculated all the opportunities and risks in advance.
An economist is a jack of all trades in finance. The socio-economic profile of the profession allows such a specialist to be considered an expert on basic issues related to money. This group includes both scientists (theorists of economic science) and practitioners who carry out planning, management and direct research into the finances of an enterprise.
Thus, the economist can be considered one of the most important employees of the organization. His task is to skillfully and competently set priorities and pave the way to obtaining the greatest profits with a minimum of losses. The concept of economic security is closely related to its activities. The profession of an economist requires possession of optimal financial management skills in order to protect the enterprise from all possible financial risks.
Features of the profession
Historically, Aristotle is considered to be the first economist, who tried to disseminate theories of utility and value of various goods, their mutually beneficial exchange. Famous economists of our time include Adam Smith, Pyotr Struve, Karl Marx, Nikolai Bukharin, John Keynes, Yegor Gaidar.
The duty of such a specialist is to analyze the organization’s work from an economic point of view. The goal is to do everything possible to make this activity effective.
What exactly does an economist do? He improves the work of the enterprise and plans its stages. Calculates the need for personnel, establishes the procedure for wages and incentives for employees, takes into account the use of resources when determining costs and income, and controls all stages of economic activity.
About the pros and cons of the profession
First, about the advantages. The main one is high stable demand in the labor market. Due to its versatility, the profession offers a chance of employment in almost any area of the economy. A business opened by an entrepreneur with financial knowledge has minimal risk of loss.
Now about the disadvantages. The profession of an economist involves high responsibility. The financial condition of the entire enterprise depends on his competence and professionalism. Another serious disadvantage is the serious competition in the labor market associated with a large number of graduates with diplomas. Among other things, this profession implies the presence of such qualities as perseverance, accuracy, painstakingness, and the ability to pore over numbers every day.
Where does an economist work?
This specialty is in demand both in government institutions that manage economic issues (financial institutions, the Central Bank), and in manufacturing enterprises of any industry - agricultural, industrial, etc.
An economist can work in an educational institution (for example, teach economics as a subject), in private business enterprises - from small to large. Such specialists are especially in demand in the restaurant and hotel industries. They will be gladly accepted by any organization related to finance - insurance agencies, tax inspectorates, banks, various social funds.
An economist can devote himself to fundamental research in the field of finance. To do this, he must work at a research institute or at the Academy of Sciences.
Important qualities when choosing a profession
In addition to perseverance and a penchant for hard work, a serious economist needs high efficiency, well-developed memory and logic, the ability to concentrate and process large amounts of information.
Operative thinking and well-executed oral and written speech give him an advantage when presenting his own point of view and arguing for his chosen position. Of course, the indispensable qualities are organization, responsibility, and self-confidence. An active life position, a scientific mindset and a thirst for research are encouraged.
How to enter the profession
How to get an economic education? The profession of economist is taught in almost every university these days, including those in fields far from economics.
Many sectoral higher education institutions have economic faculties. There are them at the State Academy of Management, and at Moscow State University, and at the Higher School of Economics, and in many other serious and prestigious educational institutions in the capital.
Provincial universities are not far behind them. In each regional center, at least several institutions of higher education (both state and non-state) offer economic professions for study. Competition among applicants is invariably high. Obviously, in the public consciousness, socio-economic professions are a ticket to a comfortable life.
What is it really like?
This specialty can indeed provide a good level of well-being, but only under certain conditions. A message about the economic profession indicated in the diploma is unlikely to inspire the employer much in itself. He needs knowledge and experience. Graduates with a freshly received diploma will have to work hard to find a good job and start a career. The salary of a young specialist in the capital ranges from approximately $700 to $1,000 monthly. Having gained experience for a couple of years, such an employee can count on an income level of one and a half thousand of the same conventional units. At the same time, those wishing to receive a higher salary should pay attention to the banking sector and the construction industry.
How do you usually build your career? To gain experience, it is best for a young economist to get a job at a small enterprise at the beginning of his career. There he will have a chance to quickly become familiar with the realities of the economy both nationally and within an individual organization. From the very first days, yesterday's graduate will have to plunge into a full range of tasks and problems, which will give impetus to professional growth.
Career as an economist
In a large enterprise, the work of a young specialist, as a rule, is limited to a set of specific actions in some direction. At the same time, the growth of skills and professional experience occurs at a slower pace, and a specialist may never become a generalist.
The goal of a graduate of an economics university is to be confirmed as the chief economist of an enterprise, and subsequently as a financial director. Of course, the goal can be achieved only with high professional competence, good management skills and considerable work experience.
| Academic subjects | |
| I. Federal component | |
| Basic subjects | |
| Russian language | |
| Literature | |
| Foreign language | |
| Computer Science and ICT | |
| Story | |
| Natural science | |
| Physical Culture | |
| Profile subjects | |
| Mathematics | |
| Social science | |
| Economy | |
| Right | |
| Geography | |
| II. Regional (national-regional) component | |
| At the discretion of the subject of the Russian Federation | |
| III. Educational Institution Component | |
| Elective subjects, educational practices, projects, research activities |
INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY PROFILE
| Academic subjects | Number of weekly teaching hours for two years of study |
| 1. Federal component | |
| Basic subjects | |
| Russian language | |
| Literature | |
| Foreign language | |
| Story | |
| Social studies (including Economics and Law) | |
| Natural science | |
| Physics | |
| Physical Culture | |
| Profile subjects | |
| Mathematics | |
| Computer Science and ICT | |
| P. Regional (national-regional) component | |
| At the discretion of the subject of the Russian Federation | |
| 111. Educational institution component | |
| Elective subjects, educational practices, projects, research activities |
Application
Secondary (complete) general education program in natural sciences 1
A basic level of
EXPLANATORY NOTE
According to Concepts of domestic education in the new curricula for humanitarian and technological profiles of high school, a place is given to the course of school natural science basic academic discipline, designed to replace traditional natural science school subjects. Such a replacement allows us to synthesize, on the basis of modern natural science knowledge, qualitatively new systematic approaches to the knowledge of Nature, so necessary for the modern scientific vision of the world.
Knowledge of the world in its unity will require students systems thinking. In addition, the integrative course of school natural science should be filled with humanistic content, leading to correspondence between humanitarian and natural science values modern civilization, and thereby form harmoniously developed personality.
The program is designed to study the subject Natural science in educational institutions. The program provides for the study of theoretical and applied foundations of physics, chemistry and general biology. It reflects the challenges currently facing humanity, the solution of which is aimed at developing a harmoniously developed, competent personality, preserving the environment and human health.
Course Study Natural science is based on the knowledge acquired by students while studying natural sciences in primary school, as well as acquired in history, physical and economic geography lessons. The subject itself is basic for a number of special disciplines.
To increase the level and use of acquired knowledge, as well as to acquire practical skills, the program provides for a number of laboratory works, which are carried out after detailed instructions and familiarization of students with established safety rules; Some laboratory work is proposed to be carried out in the format of a computer workshop.
As a result of studying natural science, students should
Know/understand
features of the physical, chemical and biological forms of existence of matter;
the role of physical and chemical processes in living systems of various hierarchical levels of organization; fundamental concepts in the field of natural sciences; the essence of processes occurring in inanimate and living nature;
the main theories that determine the development of natural sciences at the present time;
Be able to
Use knowledge of general scientific laws to explain from a materialistic perspective the issues of the origin and development of life on Earth, as well as various groups of plants, animals, including humans;
Give a reasoned assessment of new information in the field of natural sciences;
Work with educational and popular scientific literature, draw up a plan, outline, abstract;
Know the language of the subject.
X class
(3 hours per week, 1 hour reserve, 105 hours)
THEMATIC PLAN
| № | Topic name | Number of hours |
| Introduction | ||
| Earth and Universe | ||
| Symmetry and understanding of nature | ||
| Matter, its structure and properties | ||
| Structure and properties of matter | ||
| Levels of organization and properties of living systems | ||
| Self-organization of natural systems | ||
| Order and disorder in nature | ||
| Ways of knowledge | ||
| Total: | 104 hours |
Introduction (2 hours)
Natural science as a complex of sciences about nature. Interrelations of natural sciences. Nature laws. Cognitive and practical value of science.
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Already in elementary school, some children enjoy writing and reading, while others can pore over problems for a long time. An inclination towards one direction or another comes when it is too early to think about the real choice of profession. According to psychologists, it is formed in high school. According to theories of personality psychology, this choice is very important and must be made consciously and independently - this is protection from possible professional burnout and general dissatisfaction with life in adulthood. WITH...
School before choosing: “base” or “profile” (video).
Video: [link-1] According to the new programs, all school disciplines can be taught at two levels. Basic programs are many times simpler than specialized ones. For this reason, the mass school will inevitably gravitate toward the “base,” which will predetermine its further degradation. As we have already written [link-1], the Ministry of Education is currently actively developing a set of programs for high schools (POOPSOO), which will most likely be implemented in the very near future. We have received it...
Discussion
There has never been any “basic training” (for the “stupid”) at the state level in Russia. We have had and should have unified basic educational programs. But in-depth training does not need to be regulated. “Advanced” schools themselves, who have recognized many years of experience, which the Ministry of Education is simply unable to comprehend and comprehend, will deal with this issue without any problems.
26.08.2016 14:20:19, Spherical horse in vacuum 05.01.2019 17:15:47, Valery StarikovUseless information, a lot of water, thanks for your time
21.11.2017 18:08:06, JonikNE@Only winners of the Olympics can receive benefits, but to participate in them you do not have to be a student of a private school. If the school is a base school at a university (it doesn’t matter whether it is public or private), its students can take exams before the main stream, and in some cases even enroll directly in the second year.
Discussion
Since there are no specialized classes in private schools, students are divided into groups focused on a specific university or a specific area: humanities, economics, natural sciences, etc.
For example, at the Venda school there are five profiles, each of them has a set of subjects that are studied in depth. In this case, the child can take a subject from another profile (for example, linguistics). Classes are held both in group and individually. The school invites institute teachers, and also sends its own to universities for re...
Educational, but based on my experience and the experience of my friends, I will draw a different conclusion:
1. Classes with a teacher from the selected institute.
2. lyceums, schools. specialized classes
3. Preparatory courses (you can first take courses, and then a teacher from the institute)
I don’t consider agreements between institutions and schools and private schools at all, especially the latter - it makes sense to pay for comfort, living conditions, etc., but the level of education there is questionable, it’s just pumping money out of parents)
The new school year will be new in many ways. Parents will have to pay more for formally free education in public schools, but the level of education, according to officials, will become higher. What else should Moscow schoolchildren and their parents expect, IP correspondent Vladislav Kiselev wondered.
They can work according to the “school-university” system, be a “urban experimental site” (CEP), be part of an educational complex (EEC) or have a specific profile - humanitarian, environmental, aesthetic, chemical, mathematical, economic.
General education schools with in-depth study of individual subjects usually have a humanitarian focus, where the study of the stated disciplines begins after the 5th-7th grades. In schools with in-depth study of a foreign language, language teaching begins in the 1st grade. Admission to these schools may be on a competitive basis; in the 5th grade, another foreign language is added. Such schools have numbers starting with 13, for example...
It was used to describe any classes and schools that were at least somewhat different from traditional ones.
As time went. By 2000, experts figured it out and clearly formulated what it is.The gymnasium and lyceums were separated into separate structures. Children there study strictly according to certain standards. The specialized classes included: Profile classes opened in secondary schools that prepare for admission to any university;
Classes with in-depth study of individual subjects;
Gymnasium and lyceum classes in regular schools;
Discussion
My son studied this method for a year in first grade. It is very difficult to help a child, it is completely unclear how. If a child fails in class, it is very difficult to explain the material at home. This technique is not suitable for children with undeveloped abstract thinking. It’s very difficult for them. Although my son at the age of 7 learned to solve examples with simple fractions, he copes with multiplication and division problems without knowing the multiplication table. I learned to express my thoughts quite clearly. But he reads very poorly, he doesn’t even meet the first-grade standards. The result could have been much better, but unfortunately my child was not among the top five students the teacher works with. Advice to parents - don’t choose a method, choose a teacher.
Ukraine. Kherson.
Yes, a characteristic feature of followers of the ED school is the inability to express thoughts clearly and in simple words :)).
My children have been studying with Vorontsov for three years now. I like it, and so do the kids.
When sending your children to this school, you need to clearly understand why you need it :) - in fact, this is the first question at the interview :). There are many advantages, and there are also a lot of disadvantages, and they are significant.
A school may have a specific profile - environmental, aesthetic, economic or any other. This means that relevant subjects are studied in depth here, extracurricular work is carried out, and students take part in various projects.
...At some gymnasiums, pro-gymnasiums (primary schools) are organized, the recruitment of which is carried out on a competitive basis.
Discussion
Lyceums are similar to gymnasiums in that they are focused on educating children with developed interests and inclinations. But the lyceum consists only of senior classes. They work according to an individual curriculum and programs. There may be an agreement between the lyceum and a specialized university on the enrollment of graduates without entrance exams.
Gymnasiums and lyceums were created on the basis of secondary schools, which were distinguished by high results, and today are considered elite educational institutions.
About painful things.
...These are interests supported by certain abilities.
Discussion
The main mistakes that are advised to avoid when choosing a profession: Identifying a school subject with a profession or poorly distinguishing between these concepts is a common mistake among schoolchildren. For example, there is such a subject as a foreign language, and there are many professions that require language ability - and this is not only a translator. When choosing a profession, it is worth considering what real occupations and professions are behind this subject. There are many more professions than school subjects.
The essence of the concept of “profile education” is to give high school students the right to independently choose the option of studying in high school in any specific profile. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has approved 4 versions of curricula for teaching in specialized classes: natural and mathematical, humanities, socio-economic, technological, as well as a non-core training option - a universal profile. However, all curricula offered by the ministry are exemplary, and the school administration can change them at its discretion. According to experts, in schools that have begun introducing specialized education, more than 12 different profiles have already emerged: for example, pedagogical, medical, agricultural and others. A specialized education provides an opportunity to study in depth not one subject, but several.
What are the main objectives of the specialized education system in secondary school? There are several of them:
- To give students deep and lasting knowledge in specialized disciplines, that is, precisely in the area where they expect to realize themselves upon graduation;
- Develop students’ skills in independent cognitive activity, prepare them to solve problems of varying levels of complexity;
- Orient students in a wide range of problems related to a particular field of activity;
- To develop students’ motivation for research activities;
- To develop in students a mindset that allows them not to passively consume information, but to process it critically and creatively; have your own opinion and be able to defend it in any situation;
- Make students competitive in terms of admission to the universities of their choice.
But in this regard, I would like to cite the opinion of the Minister of Education and Science Andrei Fursenko regarding the concept of “profile training”. From his point of view, specialized education, even the best, “lives” in a rapidly changing world for no more than 5-10 years, after which the specialist will still have to complete his studies or retrain. In this regard, any profile is relative; a person must have a good command of basic knowledge. According to the minister, in order for society and the state to develop, there needs to be a balance between basic and specialized education.
From our point of view, the same applies to every person: you shouldn’t get too carried away with “specialization.” Very often, a “universal profile” is an excellent basis for a future career. Decide for yourself, the main thing is to maintain balance!
Weekly curriculum Xgrade
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Weekly curriculum XI grade
Socio-economic profile
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Your child dreams of becoming a lawyer or a doctor; will a specialized education help him enter the desired university? What profile should a child choose if he has not yet decided on the future direction of his professional activity? And what if the profile is chosen incorrectly? You will find answers to these and many other questions about specialized education in our article.
Professional education
gives deep knowledge
in the disciplines required
to develop the future
professions
The issue of specialized education at school is today one of the most pressing issues in the modern education system and one of the most controversial topics for both students and parents, and for teachers. How to help schoolchildren choose a direction? How to provide all the necessary material if your subject is non-core and the number of hours is limited? Among teachers, such an innovation has managed to acquire both supporters and opponents.
Professional education: why is it needed?
As a rule, high school students are busy choosing their future direction of study. In most schools, division occurs in the tenth grade, sometimes earlier - from the eighth. It is generally accepted that by this age a child will have already developed a range of interests and plans for the future, and specialized education will help him deepen his knowledge and enter the desired university.
Thus, the specialized training system is designed to solve several important problems.
Profile system
training is designed to improve
independence,
self-discipline, motivation
and responsibility
- Deep knowledge of specialized disciplines. When knowledge in the subjects necessary to obtain a future profession is not enough for schoolchildren, they have to resort to the services of tutors or enroll in appropriate courses. Such pleasure can be expensive, and guarantees of catching up are not always given. This is where specialized training comes to the rescue: thanks to an increase in the number of hours devoted to the necessary disciplines and in-depth study, the child will learn all the necessary material.
- Orientation in the world of professions. By entering a class with a certain focus, the student will not only study more specialized subjects, but will also be able to learn more about his future profession and finally decide on his choice. For example, if your son chose to study natural sciences, he will be able not only to study chemistry and biology in depth, but also to become familiar with the features of medical, agricultural and other areas.
- Independence and desire to learn. A student loves history, but hates physics? When choosing a profile, he chooses those disciplines that are more to his liking and will be useful in the future. By devoting more time to studying his favorite subjects, his independence and desire to learn will increase. The system of specialized education is aimed at ensuring that every student can find something for which he will truly root with all his soul.
- Easy admission to university. Does your child see himself as a future financier and is going to enroll in the Faculty of Economics? Or does he want to become a pediatrician and go to medical school? Often, good universities require a high level of preparation for admission, which cannot be provided by a regular general education program. A specialized education system that pays a lot of attention to the necessary subjects and improves knowledge makes it much easier to enter the desired university.
Types of training by profile
The topic of specialized training is quite popular today: every year it is practiced in more and more educational institutions. However, it must be taken into account that the types of training can vary greatly. In modern schools, types of specialized education are divided into several groups.
- "School-University". Profile classes working according to such a system make the main orientation towards a future profession and admission to a specific university. Moreover, such schools are often taught by professors from higher educational institutions located in the same city as the school.
- Profile classes with special programs. The programs of this system not only devote many hours to specialized school subjects, but may also contain other special disciplines that will help reveal the essence of professions. For example, students of the humanities, along with the usual disciplines, can additionally study journalism, philosophy or cultural studies.
- Elective courses. Specialized lessons in this system are included in the schedule as additional or elective courses. For example, if your child has chosen a socio-economic profile, then economics, law and sociology may be taught as electives.
The most productive system is considered to be the “school-university” system, in which a school, lyceum or gymnasium cooperates with a university. It not only improves the knowledge of schoolchildren, but also significantly increases the chance of applicants to enroll in a state-funded place.
Pros and cons of specialized education
The profile system of education at school is a rather controversial topic, since it is not suitable for everyone. For example, for children who from an early age know exactly what they want to do when they grow up, it will help them comprehend all the necessary sciences to the required extent. But for those who have had no doubts for many years and cannot fully decide, this training option may not be the most successful. Let's consider what advantages and disadvantages the profile system has.
In-Depth Study
profile items facilitates
admission to the University
- Better preparation in specialized subjects and, as a result, early mastery of the profession. If a student has dreamed of becoming a veterinarian since childhood, then an in-depth study of biology in a class with a natural science profile will provide the knowledge and skills to work in this specialty. The future lawyer will receive more knowledge in history, social studies and law in the socio-economic class.
- Feeling of belonging to a professional community. What could be better than studying in the company of like-minded people?! With such a system, the competitive spirit will be much higher than usual, which will become additional motivation for students. In addition, it will better prepare the child for professional challenges and improve his competitiveness.
- Self-motivation and greater desire to learn. When the number of favorite subjects in the schedule significantly exceeds the number of unloved ones, learning is much more pleasant. For example, a potential programmer will be more willing to go to school if there are more computer science lessons than some unloved history. Each student, having chosen a profile, is interested in success.
- Ease of transition to the university education system. Profile education, in which lectures, practical classes and elective courses are conducted, is somewhat similar to the teaching system at a university. Thus, for a student who graduated from a class with a socio-economic profile, mathematical or otherwise, studying at a university will not seem radically different, so he will be able to adapt more easily.
- Ease of admission to university. By strengthening your knowledge in the necessary subjects, the chance of entering the desired university increases significantly. This is especially true for a number of schools that practice the “school-university” system and collaborate with professors.
Core subjects
more is always allocated
time, and therefore, doing
choice, schoolchildren close
yourself from other options
- Difficulty of entering a specialized class. Often, in order to enter a class with a natural science profile, humanitarian or any other, it is necessary to pass special entrance exams, which not everyone succeeds in doing. The demands can be quite great, for which you should be mentally prepared.
- Early rejection of possible options. By choosing only one direction of study, the student is closed to other options. So, if a child preferred a mathematical profile and then decided to go to study to become a translator, passing the admission exam will be much more difficult. You may have to resort to the services of tutors.
- Few hours to study non-core subjects. By delving into the study of only specialized disciplines, many high school students do not receive enough basic knowledge in other subjects that high school should provide. This makes studying especially difficult for those who like to study subjects of different directions, for example, mathematics and literature.
Practice of specialized training abroad
In many developed countries of the world, the system of specialized education has long been firmly established in life. In the UK, USA, Germany, France, Sweden and other countries, this type of education is considered the most effective, so the proportion of students using this system is growing every year.
As a rule, abroad the division into profiles occurs two to three years before graduation, that is, in high school. However, the organization of training may vary. In countries such as France and Germany, schoolchildren study disciplines according to a clearly defined curriculum. In the UK and the USA, children themselves choose the disciplines they want to study. There are also compulsory subjects, such as physical education.
Principles of profile separation
The division into profiles occurs according to the characteristics of the disciplines and the direction of future professional activity. The main difference is the increase in the number of hours for core subjects, but some programs also offer the study of additional disciplines. Initially, four main profiles were identified:
- Natural science profile;
- Humanitarian profile;
- Mathematical profile;
- Socio-economic profile.
For example, if your child is interested in computer science and mathematics, then he could safely go to a class with a mathematical bias, where there will be many relevant lessons. And if a foreign language and history, then with the humanities.
Now there are many more directions. Does a student want to be a dentist? Welcome to the medical class. Or a translator? Then a linguistics class is what you need. What if children cannot yet choose a narrow specialty? And how can you help your child make the right choice?
Of course, not every teenager already knows exactly what he will do in a few years. There are many schoolchildren who are interested in tourism today, design tomorrow, and psychology the day after tomorrow. During your studies, interests may change once or even several times, which greatly complicates the choice of a specialized class.
It is worth considering
what for admission to the specialized
class required to pass
quite difficult exams
Another problem that high school students face is the difficulty of choosing one of two areas of interest. What to do if a child wants to study both biology and literature in depth? Or is he interested in geography and computer science? Such seemingly different disciplines do not fit into the framework of one specific profile, and therefore preference has to be given to only one of them.
Profiles: how to choose the right direction?
To choose the appropriate direction of study, you should focus on the student’s abilities, desires and perspectives. To help your child choose one of the profiles, a number of activities can be held at school.
- Psychological tests. Testing and questioning helps to identify students’ inclinations and directions in which they should develop. A career aptitude test would be an excellent option.
- Interview. Conversations with psychologists, teachers and representatives of various professions will be able to show what the student is capable of and what he strives for. A chain of questions will help to weed out unsuitable options and outline promising development paths.
- Portfolio. One of the ways to determine whether a humanitarian profile is suitable for a student, a natural science one, or something else, is to compile a portfolio, which will highlight all the student’s past achievements and awards, his interests, extracurricular activities and additional education. Putting all this information together will help reveal a general direction. Has the child won chess tournaments and is assembling computers at home, that is, excelling in areas where logic is involved? Most likely, a math major will suit him. Or does a schoolboy grow flowers on the windows and like to take care of animals? Then a natural science major will be a better option.
- Elective course “Future career”. Additional classes that will talk about modern professions will also help you make your choice. Let teachers talk about prestigious and highly paid jobs during the courses; you can also attract representatives of various professions and parents to speak.
- Career Day. A career choice event will also be a great way to determine which major would be best for a student. On special stands you can place all the necessary information about the work, and invited specialists will answer all the students’ questions.
- Excursions. Nothing will make choosing a specialty easier than a trip to the place where the student will want to work after studying. Visit factories, hospitals, government agencies, offices and trading floors, let schoolchildren see with their own eyes how work takes place in various institutions. Perhaps some of them, having visited the museum, will understand that they want to study history. And another student, seeing how life is in full swing in an advertising agency, will decide that advertising is his calling.
Specialized education: catching pitfalls
If the profile
the class is not filled or the child
decided to change direction
way out of the situation
may become an appeal
to the tutor
With the organization of training according to the profile system, various difficulties often arise, some of which we discussed above. Do you want your child to stay in his favorite school and not feel discomfort? Don't despair, we will find a solution to your problems.
- The profile class is not recruited. Often in schools, in order to open one of the specialized classes, a certain number of students are required to choose this direction. For example, your daughter is going to become a pharmacist, and other children from the same school are going to technical and economic universities. What if there are too few people willing to study in a science class? Many parents transfer their children to other schools where there is a suitable profile, but such a transfer can be accompanied by additional stress. The best option would be individual lessons and the introduction of elective courses for those interested.
- Related specialties. Your son is going to enroll as a psychologist, which requires in-depth knowledge of biology and social studies. At the same time, those who choose a natural science major study more biology, and social science - the humanities or socio-economic major. In this case, it is worth making a choice in favor of a direction that is more difficult to learn, and the intricacies of another discipline will be left for self-education. Also, with specialized education, the services of a tutor do not cease to be relevant.
- Change of course. Often in the last year, many students choose a different profession than they wanted to get in the beginning. For example, a schoolboy studied in a physics and mathematics class, going to polytechnic, but in the last year he decided to become an economist. At the same time, transferring in 11th grade is practically impossible. The problem can be solved by introducing additional classes at school for non-specialists. For example, social studies lessons for math and science classes.
- Lack of qualified personnel. If the school does not have enough teachers who can provide in-depth knowledge in specialized subjects, you can invite teachers from universities. For example, in the humanities class, Russian, foreign languages and literature are heavily taught, but the teaching of history leaves much to be desired. Invited teachers or enrollment in special courses will help solve the problem.
Professional education is an innovative learning model that helps in many areas. It allows schoolchildren, while receiving the necessary amount of general knowledge, to focus on disciplines that will be useful in the future. It develops independence and stimulates the desire to learn. All over the world and in Russia, the division into profiles is becoming increasingly popular and relevant.
