Physics experiments for children at home. The most beautiful physics experiments of all time

Pour water into the glass, making sure to reach the very edge. Cover with a sheet of thick paper and, holding it gently, very quickly turn the glass upside down. Just in case, do all this over the basin or in the bathtub. Now remove your palm... Focus! still remains in the glass!

It's a matter of atmospheric air pressure. The air pressure on the paper from the outside is greater than the pressure on it from the inside of the glass and, accordingly, does not allow the paper to release water from the container.

Rene Descartes' experiment or pipette diver

This entertaining experience is about three hundred years old. It is attributed to the French scientist René Descartes.

You will need a plastic bottle with a stopper, a dropper and water. Fill the bottle, leaving two to three millimeters to the edge of the neck. Take a pipette, fill it with some water and drop it into the neck of the bottle. Its upper rubber end should be at or slightly above the level in the bottle. In this case, you need to ensure that with a slight push with your finger the pipette sinks, and then slowly floats up on its own. Now close the cap and squeeze the sides of the bottle. The pipette will go to the bottom of the bottle. Release the pressure on the bottle and it will float again.

The fact is that we slightly compressed the air in the neck of the bottle and this pressure was transferred to the water. penetrated the pipette - it became heavier (since water is heavier than air) and drowned. When the pressure stopped, the compressed air inside the pipette removed the excess, our “diver” became lighter and surfaced. If at the beginning of the experiment the “diver” does not listen to you, then you need to adjust the amount of water in the pipette. When the pipette is at the bottom of the bottle, it is easy to see how, as the pressure on the walls of the bottle increases, it enters the pipette, and when the pressure is loosened, it comes out of it.

Friends, good afternoon! Agree, how interesting it is sometimes to surprise our little ones! They have such a funny reaction to . It shows that they are ready to learn, ready to absorb new material. The whole world opens up at this moment before them and for them! And we, parents, act as real wizards with a hat from which we “pull out” something incredibly interesting, new and very important!

What will we get out of the “magic” hat today? We have 25 experimental experiments there for children and adults. They will be prepared for kids of different ages in order to interest them and involve them in the process. Some can be carried out without any preparation, using handy tools that each of us has at home. For others, we will buy some materials so that everything goes smoothly. Well? I wish us all good luck and move forward!

Today will be a real holiday! And in our program:

Ice soap bubbles

What do you think will happen if simple bubbles that are tiny in 4 years loves to inflate them, run after them and burst them, inflate them in the cold. Or rather, straight into a snowdrift.

I'll give you a hint:

• they will burst immediately!
• take off and fly away!
• will freeze!

Whatever you choose, I can tell you right away, it will surprise you! Can you imagine what will happen to the little one?!

But in slow motion it’s just a fairy tale!

I'm complicating the question. Is it possible to repeat the experiment in the summer in order to get a similar option?

Choose answers:

• Yes. But you need ice from the refrigerator.

You know, although I really want to tell you everything, this is exactly what I won’t do! Let there be at least one surprise for you too!

Paper vs water

The real one is waiting for us experiment. Is it really possible for paper to defeat water? This is a challenge for everyone who plays Rock-Paper-Scissors!

What we need:

• Paper;
• Water in a glass.

Cover the glass. It would be good if its edges were a little damp, then the paper would stick. Carefully turn the glass over... The water does not leak!

Let's inflate balloons without breathing?

We have already carried out chemical children's experiments. Remember, the very first room for very little babies was a room with vinegar and soda. So, let's continue! And we use the energy, or rather, the air, that is released during the reaction for peaceful and inflatable purposes.

Ingredients:

• Soda;
• Plastic bottle;
• Vinegar;
• Ball.

Pour soda into the bottle and fill 1/3 with vinegar. Shake lightly and quickly pull the ball onto the neck. When it is inflated, bandage it and remove it from the bottle.

Such a small experience can show even in kindergarten.

Rain from a cloud

We need:

• Jar of water;
• Shaving foam;
• Food coloring (any color, several colors are possible).

We make a cloud of foam. A big and beautiful cloud! Entrust this to the best cloud maker, your child. 5 years. He will definitely make her real!

author of the photo

All that remains is to distribute the dye over the cloud, and... drip-drip! Rain is coming!

Rainbow

Maybe, physics the children are still unknown. But after they make Rainbow, they will definitely love this science!

• Deep transparent container with water;
• Mirror;
• Flashlight;
• Paper.

Place a mirror at the bottom of the container. We shine a flashlight on the mirror at a slight angle. All that remains is to catch the Rainbow on paper.

Even easier is to use a disk and a flashlight.

Crystals

There is a similar, only already finished game. But our experience interesting the fact that we ourselves, from the very beginning, will grow crystals from salt in water. To do this, take a thread or wire. And let's keep it for several days in such salty water, where the salt can no longer dissolve, but accumulates in a layer on the wire.

Can be grown from sugar

Lava jar

If you add oil to a jar of water, it will all accumulate on top. It can be tinted with food coloring. But in order for the bright oil to sink to the bottom, you need to pour salt on top of it. Then the oil will settle. But not for long. The salt will gradually dissolve and release beautiful droplets of oil. The colored oil rises gradually, as if a mysterious volcano is bubbling inside the jar.

Eruption

For toddlers 7 years It will be very interesting to blow up, demolish, destroy something. In a word, this is a real element of nature for them. and therefore we create a real, exploding volcano!

We sculpt from plasticine or make a “mountain” from cardboard. We place a jar inside it. Yes, so that its neck fits the “crater”. Fill the jar with soda, dye, warm water and... vinegar. And everything will begin to “explode, lava will rush up and flood everything around!

A hole in the bag is no problem

This is what convinces book of scientific experiments for children and adults Dmitry Mokhov "Simple Science". And we can check this statement ourselves! First, fill the bag with water. and then we'll pierce it. But we won’t remove what we pierced with (a pencil, a toothpick or a pin). How much water will we leak? Let's check!

Water that doesn't spill

Only such water still needs to be produced.

Take water, paint and starch (as much as water) and mix. The end result is just plain water. You just can't spill it!

"Slippery" egg

In order for the egg to actually fit into the neck of the bottle, you need to set fire to the piece of paper and throw it into the bottle. Cover the hole with an egg. When the fire goes out, the egg will slip inside.

Snow in summer

This trick is especially interesting to repeat in the warm season. Remove the contents of the diapers and wet them with water. All! The snow is ready! Nowadays such snow is easy to find in children's toys in stores. Ask the seller for artificial snow. And no need to ruin diapers.

Moving snakes

To make a moving figure we will need:

• Sand;
• Alcohol;
• Sugar;
• Soda;
• Fire.

Pour alcohol onto a pile of sand and let it soak. Then pour sugar and baking soda on top and set it on fire! Oh, what a funny this experiment! Children and adults will love what the animated snake gets up to!

Of course, this is for older children. And it looks pretty scary!

Battery train

The copper wire, which we twist into an even spiral, will become our tunnel. How? Let's connect its edges, forming a round tunnel. But before that, we “launch” the battery inside, only attaching neodymium magnets to its edges. And consider that you have invented a perpetual motion machine! The locomotive moved on its own.

Candle swing

To light both ends of the candle, you need to clear the wax from the bottom down to the wick. Heat a needle over the fire and pierce the candle in the middle with it. Place the candle on 2 glasses so that it rests on the needle. Burn the edges and shake slightly. Then the candle itself will swing.

Elephant tooth paste

The elephant needs everything big and a lot. Let's do it! Dissolve potassium permanganate in water. Add liquid soap. The last ingredient, hydrogen peroxide, turns our mixture into a giant elephant paste!

Let's drink a candle

For greater effect, color the water in a bright color. Place a candle in the middle of the saucer. We set it on fire and cover it with a transparent container. Pour water into a saucer. At first the water will be around the container, but then it will all be saturated inside, towards the candle.
Oxygen is burned, the pressure inside the glass decreases and

A real chameleon

What will help our chameleon change color? Cunning! Instruct your little one 6 years Decorate a plastic plate in different colors. And cut out the chameleon figure yourself on another plate, similar in shape and size. All that remains is to loosely connect both plates in the middle so that the top one, with the cut out figure, can rotate. Then the color of the animal will always change.

Light up the rainbow

Place Skittles in a circle on a plate. Pour water inside the plate. Just wait a little and we get a rainbow!

Smoke rings

Cut off the bottom of the plastic bottle. And stretch the edge of the cut balloon to get a membrane, as in the photo. Light an incense stick and place it in the bottle. Close the lid. When there is continuous smoke in the jar, unscrew the lid and tap on the membrane. Smoke will come out in rings.

Multicolored liquid

To make everything look more impressive, paint the liquid in different colors. Make 2-3 batches of multi-colored water. Pour water of the same color into the bottom of the jar. Then carefully pour vegetable oil along the wall from different sides. Pour water mixed with alcohol over it.

Egg without shell

Place a raw egg in vinegar for at least a day, some say for a week. And the trick is ready! An egg without a hard shell.
The egg shell contains calcium in abundance. Vinegar reacts actively with calcium and gradually dissolves it. As a result, the egg is covered with a film, but completely without a shell. It feels like an elastic ball.
The egg will also be larger than its original size, as it will absorb some of the vinegar.

Dancing men

It's time to get rowdy! Mix 2 parts starch with one part water. Place a bowl of starchy liquid on the speakers and turn up the bass!

Decorating the ice

We decorate ice figures of different shapes using food paint mixed with water and salt. The salt eats away at the ice and seeps deep, creating interesting passages. Great idea for color therapy.

Launching paper rockets

We empty the tea bags of tea by cutting off the top. Let's set it on fire! Warm air lifts the bag!

There are so many experiences that you will definitely find something to do with your children, just choose! And don’t forget to come back again for a new article, which you’ll hear about if you subscribe! Invite your friends to visit us too! That's all for today! Bye!

Experiment 1 Four floors Equipment and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol. Stages of the experiment LET'S TRY TO POUR FOUR DIFFERENT LIQUIDS INTO A GLASS SO THAT THEY DO NOT MIX AND STAND FIVE STORIES OVER ONE ANOTHER. HOWEVER, IT WOULD BE MORE CONVENIENT FOR US NOT TO TAKE A GLASS, BUT A NARROW GLASS THAT WILL EXPAND TO THE TOP. 1. POUR SALT COLORED WATER ON THE BOTTOM OF A GLASS. 2. ROLL UP A COUNTRY FROM PAPER AND BEND ITS END AT A RIGHT ANGLE; CUT OFF THE END OF IT. THE HOLE IN THE FOUNDER SHOULD BE THE SIZE OF A PIN HEAD. POUR RED WINE INTO THIS HORN; A THIN STREAM SHOULD FLOW OUT OF IT HORIZONTALLY, BREAK AGAINST THE WALLS OF THE GLASS AND DRAIN ON IT ONTO THE SALT WATER. WHEN THE LAYER OF RED WINE IS EQUAL IN HEIGHT TO THE HEIGHT OF THE LAYER OF COLORED WATER, STOP POURING THE WINE. 3. POUR SUNFLOWER OIL FROM THE SECOND HORN IN THE SAME WAY INTO THE GLASS. 4. POUR A LAYER OF COLORED ALCOHOL FROM THE THIRD HORN.

Experiment 2 Amazing candlestick Equipment and materials: candle, nail, glass, matches, water. Stages of the experiment Weight the end of the candle with a nail. Calculate the size of the nail so that the entire candle is immersed in water, only the wick and the very tip of the paraffin should protrude above the water. Light the wick. “Let me,” they will tell you, “after all, in a minute the candle will burn down to the water and go out!” “That’s just the point,” you will answer, “that the candle is getting shorter every minute.” And if it’s shorter, it means it’s easier. If it’s easier, it means it will float up. And, true, the candle will float up little by little, and the water-cooled paraffin at the edge of the candle will melt more slowly than the paraffin surrounding the wick. Therefore, a rather deep funnel is formed around the wick. This emptiness, in turn, lightens the candle, which is why our candle will burn out to the end. Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? And this candlestick is not bad at all.

Experiment 3 Candle behind a bottle Equipment and materials: candle, bottle, matches Stages of conducting the experiment Place a lit candle behind the bottle, and stand so that your face is an inch away from the bottle. Now blow on it, and the candle will go out, as if there were no one between you and the candle no barrier. Explanation of the experiment The candle goes out because the bottle is flowing around with air: the stream of air is broken by the bottle into two streams; one flows around it on the right, and the other on the left; and they meet approximately where the candle flame stands.

Experiment 4 Spinning snake Equipment and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors. Stages of the experiment 1. Cut a spiral from thick paper, stretch it a little and place it on the end of a curved wire. 2. Hold this spiral above the candle in the rising air flow, the snake will rotate. Explanation of the experiment The snake rotates because... air expands under the influence of heat and warm energy is converted into movement.

Experiment 5 Eruption of Vesuvius Equipment and materials: glass vessel, vial, stopper, alcohol ink, water. Stages of the experiment Place a bottle of alcohol ink in a wide glass vessel filled with water. There should be a small hole in the bottle cap. Explanation of the experiment Water has a higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the bottle, displacing the mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise upward from the bubble in a thin stream.

Experiment 6 Fifteen matches on one Equipment and materials: 15 matches. Stages of the experiment Place one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and their ends touch the table. How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and all the other matches along with it? Explanation of the experiment To do this, you just need to put another fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them

Experiment 8 Paraffin motor Equipment and materials: candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches. Stages of the experiment To make this motor, we do not need either electricity or gasoline. For this we only need... a candle. 1. Heat a knitting needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine. 2. Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance. 3. Light the candle at both ends. Explanation of the experiment A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be disrupted, the other end of the candle will tighten and fall; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will go down, drop a drop, it will become lighter, and our motor will start working with all its might; gradually the candle's vibrations will increase more and more.

Experience 9 Free exchange of liquids Equipment and materials: orange, glass, red wine or milk, water, 2 toothpicks. Stages of the experiment Carefully cut the orange in half, peel so that the peel is removed in one piece. Poke two holes side by side in the bottom of this cup and place it in a glass. The diameter of the cup should be slightly larger than the diameter of the central part of the glass, then the cup will stay on the walls without falling to the bottom. Lower the orange cup into the vessel to one third of the height. Pour red wine or colored alcohol into the orange peel. It will pass through the hole until the wine level reaches the bottom of the cup. Then pour water almost to the edge. You can see how the stream of wine rises through one of the holes to the water level, while the heavier water passes through the other hole and begins to sink to the bottom of the glass. In a few moments the wine will be at the top and the water at the bottom.

Diffusion of liquids and gases Diffusion (from the Latin diflusio - spreading, spreading, scattering), the transfer of particles of different nature, caused by the chaotic thermal movement of molecules (atoms). Distinguish between diffusion in liquids, gases and solids Demonstration experiment “Observation of diffusion” Equipment and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, installation for observing diffusion. Stages of the experiment Let's take two pieces of cotton wool. We moisten one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other with ammonia. Let's bring the branches into contact. The fleeces are observed to turn pink due to the phenomenon of diffusion.

Thick air We live thanks to the air we breathe. If you don't think that's magical enough, try this experiment to find out what other magic air can do. Props Safety glasses Pine board 0.3 x 2.5 x 60 cm (can be purchased at any lumber store) Newspaper Ruler Preparation Lay out everything you need on the table Let's start the scientific magic! Wear safety glasses. Announce to the audience: “There are two types of air in the world. One of them is skinny and the other is fat. Now I will perform magic with the help of fatty air.” Place the board on the table so that about 6 inches (15 cm) extends over the edge of the table. Say: “Thick air, sit on the plank.” Hit the end of the board that protrudes beyond the edge of the table. The plank will jump into the air. Tell the audience that there must be thin air sitting on the board. Again, place the board on the table as in step 2. Place a sheet of newspaper on the board, as shown in the figure, so that the board is in the middle of the sheet. Flatten the newspaper so that there is no air between it and the table. Say again: “Thick air, sit on the plank.” Hit the protruding end with the edge of your palm. Result When you hit the board for the first time, it bounces. But if you hit the board on which the newspaper is lying, the board breaks. Explanation When you smooth out a newspaper, you remove almost all the air from underneath it. At the same time, a large amount of air on top of the newspaper presses on it with great force. When you hit the board, it breaks because the air pressure on the newspaper prevents the board from rising up in response to the force you apply.

Waterproof paper Props Paper towel Glass Plastic bowl or bucket into which you can pour enough water to completely cover the glass Preparation Lay out everything you need on the table Let's make some scientific magic! Announce to the audience: “Using my magical skill, I can make a piece of paper remain dry.” Wrinkle a paper towel and place it on the bottom of the glass. Turn the glass over and make sure that the wad of paper remains in place. Say some magic words over the glass words, for example: “magical powers, protect the paper from the water.” Then slowly lower the inverted glass into a bowl of water. Try to keep the glass as level as possible until it completely disappears under the water. Pull the glass out of the water and shake off the water. the glass with the bottom down and take out the paper. Let the spectators feel it and make sure that it remains dry. Result The spectators find that the paper towel remains dry. Air occupies a certain volume in the glass, no matter what position it is in. you turn the glass upside down and slowly lower it into the water, the air remains in the glass. Because of the air, the air pressure is greater than the pressure of the water trying to penetrate inside the glass. The towel at the bottom of the glass remains dry. If a glass is turned on its side under water, air will come out in the form of bubbles. Then he can get into the glass.

Sticky Glass In this experiment you will learn how air can make objects stick to each other. Props 2 large balloons 2 plastic cups of 250 ml each Assistant Preparation Lay out everything you need on the table Let's start the scientific magic! Call someone from the audience as an assistant. Give him a ball and a glass, and keep the other ball and glass for yourself. Have your assistant inflate your balloon about halfway and tie it. Now ask him to try to stick a cup to the ball. When he fails to do so, it is your turn. Inflate your balloon about a third of the way. Place the cup on the side of the ball. While holding the cup in place, continue to inflate the balloon until it is at least 2/3 full. Now let go of the glass. Tips for a learned wizard Prove to the audience that your glass is not smeared with glue. Release some air from the balloon and the cup falls off. What else can you do? Try attaching 2 cups to the ball at the same time. This will require some practice and the help of an assistant. Ask him to place two cups on the balloon, and then inflate the balloon as described. Result When you inflate the balloon, the cup will “stick” to it. Explanation When you put the cup on the balloon and inflate it, the wall of the balloon becomes flat around the edge of the cup. In this case, the volume of air inside the cup increases slightly, but the number of air molecules remains the same, so the air pressure inside the cup decreases. Consequently, the atmospheric pressure inside the cup becomes slightly less than outside. Thanks to this difference in pressure, the cup is held in place.

Resistant funnel Can a funnel “refuse” to let water into the bottle? Check it out for yourself! Props 2 funnels Two identical, clean, dry plastic bottles of 1 liter each Plasticine Jug of water Preparation Insert a funnel into each bottle. Cover the neck of one of the bottles around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap left. Cover the neck of one of the bottles around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap left. Let's begin the scientific magic! Announce to the audience: “I have a magic funnel that doesn’t let water into the bottle.” Announce to the audience: “I have a magic funnel that doesn’t let water into the bottle.” Take a bottle without plasticine and pour some water into it through the funnel. Explain to the audience: “This is how most funnels behave.” Take a bottle without plasticine and pour some water into it through the funnel. Explain to the audience: “This is how most funnels behave.” Place a funnel with plasticine on the table. Pour water into the funnel to the top. See what happens. Result A few drops of water will flow from the funnel into the bottle, and then it will stop flowing completely. Explanation This is another example of the action of atmospheric pressure. Water flows freely into the first bottle. Water flowing through the funnel into the bottle replaces the air in it, which escapes through the gaps between the neck and the funnel. A bottle sealed with plasticine also contains air, which has its own pressure. The water in the funnel also has pressure, which arises due to the force of gravity pulling the water down. However, the force of air pressure in the bottle exceeds the force of gravity acting on the water. Therefore, water cannot enter the bottle. If there is even a small hole in the bottle or plasticine, air can escape through it. Because of this, its pressure in the bottle will drop, and water will be able to flow into it.

Destroyer As you should already know from previous experiences, a true wizard can use the power of air pressure in his amazing tricks. In this experiment you will learn how air can crush a tin can. Please note: this experiment requires a gas or electric stove and adult assistance. Props Baking pan Tap water Ruler Gas or electric lamp (only to be used by an adult assistant) Empty tin can Tongs Adult assistant Preparation Pour about 2.5 cm of water into the pan. Place it next to the stove. Pour some water into an empty soda can, just enough to cover the bottom. After this, your adult assistant should heat the jar on the stove. The water should boil vigorously for about a minute, so that steam comes out of the jar. Let's begin the scientific magic! Announce to the audience that you will now crush the tin can without touching it. Have an adult assistant hold the jar with tongs and quickly turn it into a pan of water. See what happens. Tips for a Learned Wizard Before your assistant turns the jar over, say some magic words. Stretch your hands over the can and say: “Tin, I order you to flatten yourself as soon as the water touches you!” » What else can you do? Try repeating the experiment with a larger jar, for example, a liter can of tomato juice. When opening the jar, make only small holes in the lid. Before carrying out the experiment, pour the contents out of the jar and wash it, but do not open the lid completely. Is it as easy to crush a can as a soda can? Result When your assistant lowers the upside down jar into a mold of water, the jar will immediately flatten. Explanation The can collapses due to the change in air pressure. You create low pressure inside it, and then it is crushed by higher pressure. An unheated jar contains water and air. When water boils, it evaporates—it turns from a liquid into hot water vapor. Hot steam replaces air in the can. When your assistant lowers the upside down can, the air can't get back into it. The cold water in the mold cools the steam remaining in the jar. It condenses - turns from gas back into water. The steam that occupied the entire volume of the jar turns into just a few drops of water, which takes up significantly less space than steam. There remains a large empty space in the jar, practically not filled with air, so the pressure there is much lower than the atmospheric pressure outside. The air presses on the outside of the can, and it collapses.

Flying ball Have you ever seen a man rise into the air during a magician's performance? Try a similar experiment. Please note: This experiment requires a hairdryer and adult assistance. Props Hairdryer (only to be used by an adult assistant) 2 thick books or other heavy objects Ping-pong ball Ruler Adult assistant Preparation Place the hairdryer on the table with the hole facing up where the hot air is blowing. To install it in this position, use books. Make sure that they do not block the hole on the side where air is sucked into the hair dryer. Plug in the hairdryer. Let's begin the scientific magic! Ask one of the adult spectators to become your assistant. Announce to the audience: “Now I will make an ordinary ping-pong ball fly through the air.” Take the ball in your hand and release it so that it falls on the table. Tell the audience: “Oh! I forgot to say the magic words! » Say magic words over the ball. Have your assistant turn on the hair dryer at full power. Carefully place the ball over the hair dryer in the air stream, approximately 45 cm from the blowing hole. Tips for a Learned Wizard Depending on the strength of the blow, you may have to place the ball a little higher or lower than indicated. What else can you do? Try to do the same with a ball of different sizes and weights. Will the experience be equally good? Result The ball will hover in the air above the hairdryer. Explanation This trick doesn't actually contradict gravity. It demonstrates an important ability of air called Bernoulli's principle. Bernoulli's principle is a law of nature, according to which any pressure of any fluid substance, including air, decreases with increasing speed of its movement. In other words, when the air flow rate is low, it has high pressure. The air coming out of the hair dryer moves very quickly and therefore its pressure is low. The ball becomes surrounded on all sides by an area of ​​low pressure, which forms a cone at the hole of the hair dryer. The air around this cone has a higher pressure, and prevents the ball from falling out of the low pressure zone. The force of gravity pulls it down, and the force of air pulls it up. Thanks to the combined action of these forces, the ball hangs in the air above the hair dryer.

Magic motor In this experiment you can make a piece of paper work like a motor - using air, of course. Props Glue Square piece of wood 2.5 x 2.5 cm Sewing needle Paper square 7.5 x 7.5 cm Preparation Apply a drop of glue in the center of the piece of wood. Place a needle in the glue with the sharp end up, at a right angle (perpendicular) to the piece of wood. Keep it in this position until the glue hardens so much that the needle stands on its own. Fold the paper square diagonally (corner to corner). Unfold and fold along the other diagonal. Unfold the paper again. Where the fold lines intersect is the center of the sheet. The piece of paper should look like a low, flattened pyramid. Let's begin the scientific magic! Announce to the audience: “Now I have a magical power that will help me start a small paper motor.” Place a piece of wood with a needle on the table. Place the paper on the needle so that its center is on the tip of the needle. 4 sides of the pyramid should hang down. Say magic words, for example: “Magic energy, start my engine!” »Rub your palms 5-10 times, then fold them around the pyramid at a distance of about 2.5 cm from the edges of the paper. See what happens. Result The paper will first wobble and then begin to rotate in a circle. Explanation Believe it or not, the heat from your hands will make the paper move. When you rub your palms against each other, friction arises between them - a force that slows down the movement of objects in contact. Friction causes objects to heat up, which means that the friction of your palms produces heat. Warm air always moves from a warm place to a cold place. The air in contact with your palms heats up. Warm air rises as it expands and becomes less dense, therefore lighter. As the air moves, it comes into contact with the paper pyramid, causing it to move as well. This movement of warm and cold air is called convection. Convection is a process in which heat flows in a liquid or gas.

For many schoolchildren, physics is a rather complex and incomprehensible subject. To interest a child in this science, parents use all sorts of tricks: they tell fantastic stories, show entertaining experiments, and cite biographies of great scientists as examples.

How to conduct physics experiments with children?

• Teachers warn that acquaintance with physical phenomena should not be limited only to the demonstration of entertaining experiences and experiments.
• Experiments must be accompanied by detailed explanations.
• First, the child must be explained that physics is a science that studies the general laws of nature. Physics studies the structure of matter, its forms, its movements and changes. At one time, the famous British scientist Lord Kelvin quite boldly stated that in our world there is only one science - physics, everything else is ordinary stamp collecting. And there is some truth in this statement, because the entire Universe, all planets and all worlds (alleged and existing) obey the laws of physics. Of course, the statements of the most eminent scientists about physics and its laws are unlikely to force a junior school student to throw aside his mobile phone and enthusiastically delve into the study of a physics textbook.

Today we will try to bring to the attention of parents several entertaining experiences that will help interest your children and answer many of their questions. And who knows, maybe thanks to these home experiments, physics will become your child’s favorite subject. And very soon our country will have its own Isaac Newton.

Interesting experiments with water for children - 3 instructions

For 1 experiment you will need two eggs, regular table salt and 2 glasses of water.

One egg must be carefully lowered into a glass half filled with cold water. It will immediately end up at the bottom. Fill the second glass with warm water and stir 4-5 tbsp in it. l. salt. Wait until the water in the glass becomes cold and carefully lower the second egg into it. It will remain on the surface. Why?

Explanation of the experimental results

The density of plain water is lower than that of an egg. This is why the egg sinks to the bottom. The average density of salt water is significantly higher than the density of an egg, so it remains on the surface. Having demonstrated this experience to your child, you can see that sea water is an ideal environment for learning to swim. After all, no one has canceled the laws of physics even at sea. The saltier the sea water, the less effort is required to stay afloat. The Red Sea is considered the saltiest. Due to the high density, the human body is literally pushed to the surface of the water. Learning to swim in the Red Sea is a real pleasure.

For experiment 2 you will need: a glass bottle, a bowl of colored water and hot water.

Using hot water, warm up the bottle. Pour hot water out of it and turn it upside down. Place in a bowl of tinted cold water. The liquid from the bowl will begin to flow into the bottle on its own. By the way, the level of colored liquid in it will be (compared to a bowl) significantly higher.

How to explain the result of the experiment to a child?

The pre-heated bottle is filled with warm air. Gradually the bottle cools and the gas contracts. The pressure in the bottle decreases. The water is influenced by atmospheric pressure and flows into the bottle. Its inflow will stop only when the pressure does not equalize.

For 3 experience You will need a plexiglass ruler or a regular plastic comb, wool or silk fabric.

In the kitchen or bathroom, adjust the faucet so that a thin stream of water flows from it. Ask your child to rub the ruler (comb) vigorously with a dry woolen cloth. Then the child must quickly bring the ruler closer to the stream of water. The effect will amaze him. The stream of water will bend and reach towards the ruler. A funny effect can be achieved by using two rulers at the same time. Why?

An electrified dry comb or a plexiglass ruler becomes a source of an electric field, which is why the jet is forced to bend in its direction.

You can learn more about all these phenomena in physics lessons. Any child will want to feel like the “master” of water, which means that the lesson will never be boring and uninteresting for him.

%20%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%203%20%D0 %BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE %D0%BC%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D1%83 %D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85

How can you prove that light travels in a straight line?

To conduct the experiment, you will need 2 sheets of thick cardboard, a regular flashlight, and 2 stands.

Progress of the experiment: In the center of each cardboard, carefully cut out round holes of equal diameter. We install them on stands. The holes must be at the same height. We place the switched-on flashlight on a pre-prepared stand made of books. You can use any box of suitable size. We direct the flashlight beam into the hole of one of the cardboards. The child stands on the opposite side and sees the light. We ask the child to move away and move any of the cardboards to the side. Their holes are no longer at the same level. We return the child to the same place, but he no longer sees the light. Why?

Explanation: Light can only travel in a straight line. If there is an obstacle in the path of the light, it stops.

Experience - Dancing Shadows

To carry out this experiment you will need: a white screen, cut out cardboard figures that need to be hung on strings in front of the screen and regular candles. Candles need to be placed behind the figures. No screen - you can use a regular wall

Progress of the experiment: Light the candles. If the candle is moved further away, the shadow of the figure will become smaller; if the candle is moved to the right, the figure will move to the left. The more candles you light, the more interesting the dance of the figures will be. Candles can be lit one at a time, raised higher or lower, creating very interesting dance compositions.

Interesting experience with shadow

For the next experiment you will need a screen, a fairly powerful electric lamp and a candle. If you direct the light of a powerful electric lamp onto a burning candle, then a shadow will appear on the white canvas not only from the candle, but also from its flame. Why? It’s simple, it turns out that in the flame itself there are red-hot, light-proof particles.

Simple experiments with sound for younger students

Ice experiment

If you are lucky and find a piece of dry ice at home, you may hear an unusual sound. It is quite unpleasant - very thin and howling. To do this, put dry ice in a regular teaspoon. True, the spoon will immediately stop sounding as soon as it cools down. Why does this sound appear?

When ice comes into contact with a spoon (in accordance with the laws of physics), carbon dioxide is released, which is what causes the spoon to vibrate and make an unusual sound.

funny phone

Take two identical boxes. Poke a hole in the middle of the bottom and lid of each box using a thick needle. Place regular matches in the boxes. Thread a cord (10-15 cm long) into the holes made. Each end of the lace must be tied in the middle of the match. It is advisable to use a nylon fishing line or silk thread. Each of the two participants in the experiment takes his “tube” and moves to the maximum distance. The line should be taut. One puts the tube to the ear and the other to the mouth. That's all! The phone is ready - you can have small talk!

Echo

Make a pipe out of cardboard. Its height should be about three hundred mm and its diameter about sixty mm. Place the clock on a regular pillow and cover it on top with a pre-made pipe. In this case, you can hear the sound of the clock if your ear is directly above the pipe. In all other positions the sound of the clock is not audible. However, if you take a piece of cardboard and place it at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of the pipe, then the sound of the clock will be perfectly audible.

How to conduct experiments with magnets at home with your child - 3 ideas

Children simply love to play with magnets, so they are ready to get involved in any experiment with this item.

How to pull objects out of water using a magnet?

For the first experiment you will need a lot of bolts, paper clips, springs, a plastic bottle with water and a magnet.

The children are given the task: to pull objects out of the bottle without getting their hands wet, and of course the table. As a rule, children quickly find a solution to this problem. During the experiment, parents can tell children about the physical properties of a magnet and explain that the force of a magnet acts not only through plastic, but also through water, paper, glass, etc.

How to make a compass?

You need to collect cold water in a saucer and place a small piece of napkin on its surface. We carefully place a needle on a napkin, which we first rub on the magnet. The napkin gets wet and sinks to the bottom of the saucer, and the needle remains on the surface. Gradually it smoothly turns one end to the north, the other to the south. The accuracy of a homemade compass can be verified for real.

A magnetic field

To begin, draw a straight line on a piece of paper and place a regular iron clip on it. Slowly move the magnet towards the line. Mark the distance at which the paperclip will be attracted to the magnet. Take another magnet and do the same experiment. The paperclip will be attracted to the magnet from a further distance or from a closer one. Everything will depend solely on the “strength” of the magnet. Using this example, you can tell your child about the properties of magnetic fields. Before telling your child about the physical properties of a magnet, you must explain that a magnet does not attract all the “shiny things.” A magnet can only attract iron. Metals such as nickel and aluminum are too tough for him.

I wonder if you liked physics lessons at school? No? Then you have a great opportunity to master this very interesting subject together with your child. Find out how to make interesting and simple home decorations in another article on our website.

Good luck with your experiments!

Winter will begin soon, and with it the long-awaited time. In the meantime, we invite you to keep your child busy with equally exciting experiments at home, because you want miracles not only for the New Year, but every day.

In this article we will talk about experiments that clearly demonstrate to children such physical phenomena as: atmospheric pressure, properties of gases, the movement of air currents and from various objects.

These will cause surprise and delight in your child, and even a four-year-old can repeat them under your supervision.

How to fill a water bottle without hands?

We will need:

• a bowl of cold water, colored for clarity;
• hot water;
• Glass bottle.

Pour hot water into the bottle several times so that it warms up well. Turn the empty hot bottle upside down and place it in a bowl of cold water. We observe how water is drawn from a bowl into a bottle and, contrary to the law of communicating vessels, the water level in the bottle is much higher than in the bowl.

Why is this happening? Initially, a well-warmed bottle is filled with warm air. As the gas cools, it contracts, filling a smaller and smaller volume. Thus, a low-pressure environment is formed in the bottle, where water is directed to restore balance, because atmospheric pressure presses on the water from the outside. Colored water will flow into the bottle until the pressure inside and outside the glass vessel is equalized.

Dancing coin

For this experiment we will need:

• a glass bottle with a narrow neck that can be completely blocked by a coin;
• coin;
• water;
• freezer.

Leave the empty, open glass bottle in the freezer (or outside in winter) for 1 hour. We take out the bottle, moisten the coin with water and place it on the neck of the bottle. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to jump on the neck and make characteristic clicks.

This behavior of the coin is explained by the ability of gases to expand when heated. Air is a mixture of gases, and when we took the bottle out of the refrigerator it was filled with cold air. At room temperature, the gas inside began to heat up and increase in volume, while the coin blocked its exit. So the warm air began to push out the coin, and in due time it began to bounce on the bottle and click.

It is important that the coin is wet and fits tightly to the neck, otherwise the trick will not work and warm air will freely leave the bottle without tossing a coin.

Glass - sippy cup

Invite your child to turn a glass filled with water over so that the water does not spill out of it. Surely the baby will refuse such a scam or will pour water into the basin at the first attempt. Teach him the next trick. We will need:

• glass of water;
• a piece of cardboard;
• basin/sink for safety net.

We cover the glass of water with cardboard, and holding the latter with our hand, we turn the glass over, after which we remove our hand. It is better to carry out this experiment over a basin/sink, because... If you keep the glass upside down for a long time, the cardboard will eventually get wet and water will spill. It is better not to use paper instead of cardboard for the same reason.

Discuss with your child: why does the cardboard prevent water from flowing out of the glass, since it is not glued to the glass, and why does the cardboard not immediately fall under the influence of gravity?

Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?

When wet, cardboard molecules interact with water molecules, attracting each other. From this moment on, water and cardboard interact as one. In addition, wet cardboard prevents air from entering the glass, which prevents the pressure inside the glass from changing.

At the same time, not only the water from the glass presses on the cardboard, but also the air from outside, which forms the force of atmospheric pressure. It is atmospheric pressure that presses the cardboard to the glass, forming a kind of lid, and prevents water from spilling out.

Experiment with a hairdryer and a strip of paper

We continue to surprise the child. We build a structure from books and attach a strip of paper to them on top (we did this with tape). Paper hangs from the books as shown in the photo. You choose the width and length of the strip based on the power of the hair dryer (we took 4 by 25 cm).

Now turn on the hair dryer and direct the air stream parallel to the lying paper. Despite the fact that the air does not blow on the paper, but next to it, the strip rises from the table and develops as if in the wind.

Why does this happen and what makes the strip move? Initially, the strip is acted upon by gravity and pressed by atmospheric pressure. The hairdryer creates a strong air flow along the paper. In this place, a zone of low pressure is formed towards which the paper is deflected.

Shall we blow out the candle?

We begin to teach the baby to blow before he is one year old, preparing him for his first birthday. When the child has grown up and has fully mastered this skill, offer it to him through a funnel. In the first case, positioning the funnel so that its center corresponds to the level of the flame. And the second time, so that the flame is along the edge of the funnel.

Surely the child will be surprised that all his efforts in the first case will not give the desired result in the form of an extinguished candle. In the second case, the effect will be immediate.

Why? When air enters the funnel, it is evenly distributed along its walls, so the maximum flow rate is observed at the edge of the funnel. And in the center the air speed is low, which prevents the candle from going out.

Shadow from a candle and from a fire

We will need:

• candle;
• flashlight.

We light the fire and place it near a wall or other screen and illuminate it with a flashlight. A shadow from the candle itself will appear on the wall, but there will be no shadow from the fire. Ask your child why this happened?

The thing is that fire itself is a source of light and transmits other light rays through itself. And since a shadow appears when an object is illuminated from the side and does not transmit rays of light, fire cannot produce a shadow. But it's not that simple. Depending on the substance being burned, the fire can be filled with various impurities, soot, etc. In this case, you can see a blurry shadow, which is precisely what these inclusions provide.

Did you like the selection of experiments to do at home? Share with your friends by clicking on the social network buttons, so that other mothers can please their kids with interesting experiments!