How and when did people's names appear? How the name was born Modern names in Russia

3rd grade (UMK “Primary school of the XXI century”)

Form: lesson - research

Goals:

Educational

Introduce children to the history of the origin of names, patronymics, and surnames; explain their origin.
Expand children's knowledge about the variety of names, about the concepts: namesakes, namesakes; “reveal” the secrets of the child’s name.

Educational

Cultivate a sense of pride in your surname, in your region.

To cultivate positive personality traits in children (attention to each other, the ability to listen to comrades);

Developmental

develop positive motivation for work and communication in a group; promote the formation of a class team;

Advance homework:

Learn the poem “Eight Tans” by Z. Alexandrova;

Ask your parents about your name (its meaning and who the child is named after).

Progress of the lesson

1. Organizational moment.

2. Updating knowledge.

Guys, today we will talk about a very interesting topic, but what we will now find out about...

Please imagine this situation. You find yourself in an unfamiliar company or remember the situation when you came to our school for the first time in first grade.

What was the first thing the teacher did so that you would not feel lonely, so that you would feel comfortable in the new team? She introduced you to each other so that you could quickly get used to it and find friends.

Guess the riddle - what belongs to you, but others use it more often than you? The answer is the name.

At birth, every baby first receives a NAME from its parents.

You and I all live in a world of names. No wonder Homer wrote in his “Odyssey”:

Among living people, no one is nameless at all;
At the moment of birth, everyone, both low and noble,
He receives his name as a sweet gift from his parents...

3. Creation of a problematic situation.

1. So, what are we going to talk about in class today? Yes, as you already guessed, we will talk about the person’s name, and also about the surname and patronymic. That is, we will get to know you better by learning the secrets of your names.

4. Work on the topic.

People say:

It is not the name that makes a person beautiful, but the person who makes the name (Russian proverb)

It is better to lose your eyes than your good name (Russian proverb)

And in Japan, the sages say: a tiger protects its skin, but a man protects his name.

Guys, guests came to us today, and they don’t know us. Let's introduce ourselves to them...

So, you say your name and tell who called you that and why. (Children say the name and briefly talk about themselves. Read the meaning of the name from the cards.)

You all have very beautiful names. Our names can be called differently; we use in our speechfull Andabbreviated names. What names do you thinkfull orabbreviated calledadults of people? Achildren ? Why do we treat ourselves this way depending on our age?

TOadults, because they want to emphasize their respect, make their address to the person more polite. TOchildren , because they are called by diminutive names and affection.

Here is the full name - Tatyana. What do you think the parents might have called her when the girl was little?

The children answer: Tatyanka, Tanechka, Tanyusha, Tanyushka, Tanya, Tanya...

Now you form full names from abbreviated names:

Sasha - Alexander

Alyosha - Alexey

Kolya - Nikolay

Ksyusha - Ksenia

Olya - Olga

Vika - Victoria

Igor - These names were left without a pair. And why?

Nina - Because they are used only in one form.

Now let's talk about male and female names. List the girls' names in one column and the boys' names in the second.

SVETA, KOLYA, ZHENYA, PETYA, LYUDA

Why is the name ZHENYA interesting? It can be classified as either a male or female name. Since the abbreviated name ZHENYA does not indicate to us who we are talking about.

What would a man's full name sound like? -Eugene.

And the female one is Evgenia.

What other “double” names can you give as an example?

VALYA - VALENTIN, VALENTINA

SASHA - ALEXANDER, ALEXANDRA

Do you think there is a female pair for the male name Fedor?

In Korney Chukovsky’s fairy tale “Fedorino’s Grief,” the heroine’s name is Fedora.

Now this name is rare.

And now a competition of tongue twisters is being announced, in which there are male and female names.

Who do you think they callnamesakes? People who have the same names. Read about the namesake in an excerpt from Zinaida Alexandrova’s poem “Eight Tans”.

In first grade there are eight Tan -
This is downright punishment!
After all, wherever you look, they
Everywhere Tanya, Tanya, Tanya!
If they say: “Tanya, get up!”
Eight Tans will immediately stand up.
But it can be very simple
Understanding newbies...

How can you tell these girls apart? By last name.

Are there any namesakes in our class?

Each person at birth receives not only a first name, but also a surname, which is borne by all members of his family. However, not only relatives have the same surnames. What are these people called? (Children answer -namesakes ).

Which writers of the same name do you know? (Children answer - Lev Tolstoy and Alexei Tolstoy)

Physical education

I have musical riddles for you. We will dance to the music and guess what name the song is about.

Now look at the board and notice why I wrote these two different words differently. (On the board: Lev and lion).Have you ever heard such a name? Since ancient times, in the understanding of people, a name was not a simple word, but a way to determine a person’s character, his destiny. And if parents call their son Leo, then they really want him to have the quality of the king of beasts, to be brave and strong. From early childhood, people were called: firstly, by appearance (Mal, Bel, Chernysh), secondly, by character trait (Kind, Brave, Nesmeyana), thirdly, by place in the family (Zhdan, Tretyak, Other) , fourthly, by the name of animals, plants, natural phenomena (Ram, Oak, Wolf).

Think about which of the flower names could be names?

CHAMOMILE, LILY OF THE LILY, CALVE, ROSE, LILY

Think about why some parents used flower names as female names? Probably because they wanted to see their girls beautiful and tender.

Distribute into the appropriate columns the surnames that were formed from: professions, character traits, names of animals and plants (work in pairs)

Here are the names of ordinary Russian people who lived in the XIV, XV, XVI centuries. Think about why they were called that? (work in groups)

Let's imagine this situation: 2 people are namesakes and, moreover, namesakes. How can they be distinguished then?

That's right, by patronymic. This word means “paternal name.” When you grow up, you will be addressed by your first name and patronymic. Say it out loud, what will they call you? (Children take turns saying their first and middle names out loud.)

State the first and last names of your parents, grandparents. (Children also take turns saying the names and patronymics of their grandparents).

Have you read epics about the hero Ilya Muromets?

What do you think, is Muromets a surname or patronymic? Let's remember the words of the epic:

Dust rises in an open field,
Ilya Muromets, son Ivanovich,
Approaching Solovyov's nest...

How to call the hero by his first name and patronymic? Ilya Ivanovich. And the surname Muromets came from the name of the city where he was from. Ilya Muromets from the city of Murom.

There are names of surnames that come from the names of villages and hamlets. What surnames will come from the names of villages and hamlets?

With. Krylovo - Krylovs

With. Bogomyagkovo - Bogomyakovs

With. Kozlovo - Kozlovy

With. Mazunino - Mazunins

With. Petukhovo - Petukhovy

With. Drachevo - Drachevy

5. Reflection.

What new did you learn in the lesson? What did you like and what do you remember?

You have one name.

It is given forever.

Life is long, and that's why

You take care of him...

A person’s name is the first thing that identifies him and distinguishes him from others. Many people are now keen on various interpretations of certain personal data, and the name is one of the first places here. There are even specialists who predict a person’s fate, character, and personal qualities by name. Therefore, it becomes very interesting how names appeared, what they were like at the very beginning, and how they transformed over time.

Ancient names

In the earliest ancient society, when people realized that it was easier to live together, the need arose from this “together” to call for one thing. It was not always possible to come up and knock on the back, but the vocal abilities were successfully developing. This is how primitive man learned to call his comrade in the voice, not the whole tribe, mind you, but one. And at this stage it was necessary to decide how to make it clear who exactly was being called. It turned out that everything is very simple. The man called words everything that was around him, and at the same time his comrades. The sun is Ra, which means the red-haired man in the tribe is also Ra. Water drips from the sky from a cloud - Give, so does the person whose eyes are always wet - Give. Everything was very simple, but we are wondering where the names came from!

Names of the first civilizations

During the birth of civilizations, the attitude towards name formation completely changed. Parents gave the child a name consonant with the qualities that they would like to see in their child. Vladimir rules the world, Svyatoslav glorifies the saints. These are Russian variants of names. In Europe and on other continents the same thing happened, only in other languages. In Greek, Alexander means conqueror, Paul means small, and Helen means bright. These names have come down to us, having undergone some minor transformations in sound, from the most ancient times, from the very birth of cultural civilizations.

Pagan names of the peoples of the world

Many nationalities came up with names for their children with meaning, hoping that the meaning inherent in the name would help the child throughout life. For example, do you want to know how the name Kizlyarbas appeared? It literally translates as “no more girls,” and was given by fathers to long-awaited boys born into Tajik families. The Semitic name Nebu-bulit means “Oh, heaven, give me life!”, a very telling name. But the girl named Dzedumilla was supposed to be sweet to her grandfather all her life.

The pagans also named children after some animal, so that the child would be similar in strength and dexterity to it. For example, the wolf, revered in many nations, gave the world many names derived from this word: Vuk, Vilk, Wolf, Lupul, Vovk, Wolfgang, Vilkolaz. And these are only European derivatives!

Modern names in Russia

Fortunately, the times have passed when in Russia, paying tribute to fashion, they called children completely unthinkable names! In the 40-50s of the last century, the male name Mels (Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin) was very popular. And what are Electrification, Oktyabrina, Cosmos, Iskra, Academy, Antenna, Vladlena (Vladimir Lenin) worth? And there were a huge number of such names. All this was a tribute to the times, no one puzzled over the question of why the names appeared, what should they mean? A blunder, and the name is ready. Then native Russian names and even non-Russian names began to return. But they were all really names, and not abbreviations invented on the topic of the day.

When did people get first and last names? and got the best answer

Answer from? Golden?[guru]
Origin of names
where did your name come from? Before the introduction of Christianity in Rus', some names were similar to nicknames: Lame, Lapot, Voropai (robber), others reflected the attitude towards the born child: Zhdan, Nezhdan, or the order of their birth: Pervusha, Tretyak, Odinets (the only one). It was believed that some names could ward off troubles and illnesses from children, for example the names: Grief, Get Sick. Echoes of nicknames are preserved in Russian surnames: Zaitsev, Goryaev, Nezhdanov, etc.
Christian names came from Byzantium in the 10th century along with Orthodoxy. Registration of newborn children was carried out only by the church, and names were given according to monthly calendars (saints), in which for each day of each month the names of saints revered by the Russian Orthodox Church are recorded. A person who received the name of a saint gained not only his patronage, but also a blessed proximity to him: “By name - and “life.”
At the end of the October Revolution, at a time when the church was separated from the state, registry offices began to register newborns, and parents received the right to name their children whatever they wanted. Then they began to come up with names characteristic of the era: Oktyabrina, Markslen, Tractorina. European (Roman Catholic and Protestant) names came to Russian soil: Herman, Zhanna, Albert, Marat, etc. A little later, more and more eastern names began to appear: Zemfira, Timur, Ruslan, Zarema. In the middle of the 20th century, Slavic and Old Russian names began to appear again: Lada, Lyudmila, Vladimir, as well as Scandinavian ones: Olga (from Helga), Igor (from Ingvar).
Most names have different origins. They include many ancient Greek and Hebrew names, as well as Latin, Scandinavian and German names. Many names were borrowed from the languages ​​of the peoples of the East. Since they appeared in the Russian language a long time ago, they have become familiar to everyone. Times pass, the fashion for names changes, fewer and fewer people - parents call their children old Slavic names, but, as before, names carry a lot of information and influence a person’s fate. When choosing a name for your baby, analyze what considerations you are guided by: traditionality, nationality of the name, beauty of sound or ease of pronunciation and compatibility with the patronymic. When naming your child, be wise and don’t forget about aesthetic criteria.
History of the origin of the surname
Recently, there has been a trend among many people: many people want to know their family tree. Since ancient times, people have strived to preserve the memory of their ancestors.
Previously, names and information about relatives were passed on by word of mouth, from grandfathers to grandchildren. Then family ties began to be depicted in the form of a tree, and so the term appeared: family tree.
A special science has emerged that studies the origin, history and family ties of people, as well as compiling genealogies, called genealogy. As a result, the term geneological tree appeared.
Drawing up a pedigree allows you to thoroughly study the origins of the family. And this is more relevant than ever. If you think about it, each of us will come to the conclusion that it is important for him to know who his ancestors are, what his pedigree is. To study your origins in detail, you just need to create a family tree.
A family tree usually consists of a legend of the origin of the clan and a listing of all members of the clan by generation. Most often, there are two types of genealogies: ascending and descending. An ascending family tree goes from a descendant to his ancestors, and a descending family tree
- from an ancestor to his descendants.
To compile a pedigree, first of all you need to contact your older relatives - parents, grandparents, in general, everyone if possible. It is from them that you can find out the maximum amount of information about the origin of the surname and the history of childbirth.

Names serve for naming people - when communicating and addressing, and to distinguish one person from another - when listing, describing or narrating. But there are many more people than names, so many different people have one name. How then to distinguish them? Additional names and the entire naming composition come to the rescue. We talked about the name of a person in ancient times, the names of the times of the USSR and in Tsarist Russia. Let's continue the conversation on the topic history of Russian names.

Names in Ancient Rome

In Ancient Rome, for people of the propertied classes there was such a naming order: praenomen (pre-name), nomen (name) and cognomen (family name) - Gaius Julius Caesar. Sometimes there was also a fourth name: agnomen (nickname) - Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus the Elder.

The history of names in different countries of the world

In most languages, a personal name and a generic name are used (father, mother, place of birth): Isaac Newton, Prosper Merimee, Mikhailo Lomonosov, Leonardo da Vinci, Lope de Vega.

For kings, tsars, and rulers, the surname was often replaced by a nickname: Vladimir Monomakh, Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan the Terrible, Pepin the Short, John the Landless, Heinrich the Birdcatcher, while the nickname, unlike the surname, is always translated into other languages.

In some nations, it is customary to name children with a chain of names: Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, George Gordon Byron, Jose Raul Capablanca y Graupera (here is a double surname). It happens that the chain of names goes on; for example, the medieval alchemist Paracelsus was called: Philip-Aureol-Theophrastus-Bombastus Count von Hohenheim, and in one drama by Victor Hugo one aristocrat bears the name: Gil-Basilio-Fernand-Ireneo - Felippe-Frasco-Frascito Count de
Belverana. Even in the 19th century, the heir to the Spanish throne bore the name: Don Pedro - d'Alcantara - Maria Fernando - Gonzago Xavier Miguel - Gibriel Rafazel Antonio - John Leopoldo Francisco - d'Assisi - Saxe - Coburg-Gotha de Braganza -e-Bourbon! (This is reported by L.V. Uspensky in the book “What does your name mean?”, 1940)

Names in Ancient Rus'. Names before the Baptism of Rus'

What is the situation with names in Russian? Before the adoption of Christianity in Rus'(X century) among the privileged classes there were such names as Lyubomir, Ostromir, Svyatoslav, Rostislav, Yaroslav, Lyudmila, Rogneda, Voislava and the like. With the adoption of Christianity “according to the Eastern rite” under the Kiev prince Vladimir, new names appeared that were listed in the church canons and are therefore called canonical; they were given when performing the “sacrament of baptism.”

In Ancient Rus' these names served as legal names for people and were placed first in deeds, bills of sale and other documents. However, the habit of using old names that were not included in the lists and canons of the church persisted for a long time in Rus', at least until the 17th century. At the same time, double names are constantly found in ancient Russian documents: “... by the name of Milonog. Peter by baptism." Or: “...Waited for peace, and in baptism Mikula”, etc. Thus, for several centuries, along with the canonical names: Alexander, Alexey, Daniel, Dimitri, Konstantin, Nikita, Nikolai, Peter, Roman, Sergei, etc. . n. - non-canonical names were also in use, which were used more in everyday communication and in second place in letters: Pervusha, Vtor, Tretyak (according to the chronology of birth); Zhdan, Nezhdan, Nechai (according to the circumstances of birth); Guban, Ushak, Plekhan, Shcherbak, Nesmeyan, Gloomy, Bulgak, Zloba, Istoma, Druzhina (by physical and mental properties); Wolf, Horse, Thrush, Ruff (by the names of animals, birds, fish); as well as Tail, Frost, Fur Coat, Cannon, etc.

IN history of Russian names these names are more reminiscent of nicknames, which, however, could not only distinguish between people with the same canonical names, but also later turn into surnames, which we will talk about next time.

Judging even from the examples given, one can see that proper names, as a rule, come from common nouns, but since proper names pass from one people to another and live for centuries in different linguistic environments, then most often they “mean” in some way in another language, in this language this borrowed name is only a proper name and does not mean anything, but only names.

Russian canonical names are borrowed from Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and ancient Germanic, where they were also common nouns (as in Russian: Vera, Nadezhda, Lyubov). Here are some examples:

• Greek: George (“farmer”), Alexander (“protector of husbands”). Apollo (“destroyer”), Arkhip (“chief of the cavalry”), Hippolytus (“unharnesser of horses”), Philip (“lover of horses”), Nikephoros (“victorious”),
• Latin: Victor (“winner”), Victoria (“victory”), Valentin, Valery, Valeryan (“healthy”), Marina (“sea”), Juvenaly (“youthful”),
• Hebrew: Anna (“grace”), Gabriel (“divine warrior”), Michael (“divine”), Mary (“bitter”).
• Old Scandinavian: Igor (one of the names of the thunder god in connection with the common noun var - “warriorship, strength”), Oleg, Olga (“sacred, majestic”).

It is absolutely clear that in the Russian names Anna, Mikhail, Maria, Nikifor, etc. there is no common noun meaning. These are just names.

Many Slavic names are translations of foreign languages, for example: Zlata - Greek. Chrysa, Bogdan - Greek. Theodor (Fedor), Militsa - Greek. Harita, Faith - Greek. Pistis, Nadezhda - Greek. Elkis, Love - Greek. Agape, lat. Amata, etc.

Many Russian names have parallel variants that arose due to different renderings of the same foreign name: Evdokia-Avdotya, Ksenia-Aksinya, Glikeria - Lukerya, Anastasia - Nastasya, Georgy - Yuri - Egor, Paraskeva - Praskovya, etc.

The original appearance of many borrowed names has changed greatly in the practice of the Russian language, for example: Joseph-Osip, Eleazar - Lazar, Dionysius - Denis, Cosma - Kuzma, Emmanuel - Manuila, Eustathius - Ostafiy, Stahey, Johanaan - Ivan.

Pre-revolutionary years

The desire to update the repertoire of names manifested itself in pre-revolutionary times, when the fashion for Old Russian names began, although many of them were non-Slavic in origin, for example Oleg, Igor (the fashionable poet of that time Igor Severyanin wrote: “It’s good that I am separate, that Igor I , not Ivan..."), at the same time, "romantic" and "exotic" names also came into fashion: Tamara, Isabella, Valentina (from the same Igor Severyanin: “Valentina! How much passion! Valentina! How much horror... It was at a concert at the medical institute..."). How can one not remember Nastya from Gorky’s play “At the Depths”, when the Baron says about her: “Today Raoul, tomorrow Gaston... Fatal love, lady!”

1920 – 1930

In the 20s, the craving for “romantic” names intensified. It was possible to announce a name change through the Izvestia newspaper. And so the Feklas and Matryonas began to change their names to Evelyn, Leonor and Vener, and Terentii and Sidoras to Alfredov and Richardov (remember the loser from the film “Musical History” Alfred Terentyevich Tarakanov...).

In addition to this, two more types of names appeared:

1) names from common nouns and derivatives from them, which corresponded to the ideology and phraseology of the revolutionary era of the 20s: Labor, International, Struggle, Communar, Tractor, Detector - for boys; Spark, Star, Tractor, Ideal (!) - for girls..;
2) names formed from the personal names of revolutionaries and their own, generated by the revolutionary era: Marxin, Engelsin, Lenin, Comintern, Oktyabrin...

In addition, in connection with the general tendency of the business language of that time towards abbreviations and abbreviations (that is, designations based on the first letters), names appeared from abbreviations of names and slogans: Vlad(i)len. Maplen, Borzamir, Dazamira, Zanarzema, Revmira, Renata, Gertrude, Lagshmivara...

And also abbreviations from the first letters of names and slogans: Viracle, Vilora.

Many parents put their children in an absurd position, since it was very difficult to “unravel” the ideological meaning of the name, but attributing it to a well-known series of names was much easier. Thus, Gertrude (“heroine of labor”) coincides with the German name Gertrude, Kim (“Communist Youth International”) with the Korean name, Renata (“revolution - science - labor”) with the Italian name, and those who bear these names seem, alas, to be foreigners !

The same thing happened with abbreviations and inversions: Vilora is perceived as an Italian name. Ninel - like French, Virakl - like Greek (cf. Hercules, Pericles), Borzamir - like Old Russian (cf. Ostromir, Jaromir), and Lagshmivara makes one think of India...

And no decodings like Vilor - “V. I. Lenin - the father of the revolution" or Dizar - "Baby, go for the revolution" do not help here. The type of word decides everything for a given language. That is why Ideal so quickly turned into Ida, Ninel into Nina, and Struggle into Boris.

There was great diversity in the names of the Soviet era of the 60s. Basically, of course, these were canonical names like Alexander, Vasily, Ivan, Peter, Pavel, Sergei, as well as Natalya, Tatyana, Vera, Nadezhda, Lyubov, Anna, Maria, Ekaterina...

From these names there have long been diminutives legalized by custom: Sasha, Shura, Vasya, Vanya, Petya, Pasha, Natasha, Tanya, Nadya, Masha, Katya... These names are familiar and common, they are the most durable in the Russian history of names and have existed for tens of centuries. It is these names that are still common in the Russian language.

Based on materials from the magazine “Family and School”, 1962

1. In what year and what competition did the name of the first winner of the Olympic Games appear?

Koroibos (Coreb)?

a) in 786 BC. in the fight; c) in 776 BC. in discus throwing;

b) in 776 BC. running; d) in 778 BC. on the run.

2. Name the Roman emperor who in 394 AD. banned the holding of ancient

Olympic Games?

a) Theodosius I; c) Nero;

b) Theodosius II; d) Julian.

3. When developing strength endurance, the exercise intensity is...

a) 10-30% c) 60-70%

b) 20-50% d) 85-95%

4. In what year was the International Olympic Committee created?

a) 1898 c) 1923

b) 1911 d) 1894

5. In 1894 At the Paris Congress, the IOC, which consisted of only 13 members, was elected

first Russian. Who is he?

a) A.D. Butovsky c) V.G. Smirnov

b) N.N. Romanov d) S.P. Pavlov

6. For the first time at the Olympic Games in Mexico City, a mascot appeared. And under what talisman and

what games took place in Moscow?

a) XIX – jaguar; c) XXIV – tiger cub;

b) XXII – bear cub; d) XXIII – eaglet.

7. Hygiene is...

a) The field of ecology that studies the characteristics of the impact of the environment on humans;

b) Code of sanitary and epidemiological laws and regulatory documents;

c) The field of medicine that studies the influence of the external environment on human health;

d) All of the above.

8. To improve coordination endurance, use the following method...

a) Interval; c) Variable;

b) Repeatedly progressive; d) Gaming.

9. Lead-up exercises are used...

a) If there are no supporting elements in the engine fund;

b) If the student is not physically developed enough;

c) If it is necessary to eliminate the causes of errors;

d) If the method of holistic analytical exercise is used.

10. Choose the correct definition for the term “physical exercise”?

a) This is a motor action used for physical improvement

person;

b) This is a motor action, dosed according to the load and duration

execution;

c) This is a form of motor actions;

d) These are movements performed in a physical education lesson.

11. The concept of “sport” is usually called:

a) Historically established human activity aimed at physical

improvement and achievement of high results when participating in competitions;

b) The historically established system of organization and management of the physical process

education;

c) A purposeful pedagogical process during which applied

focus of physical education;

d) The highest level of physical development and physical fitness of a person.

12. Maximum muscle tension is achieved when muscles work in...

a) Inferior mode; c) Holding mode;

b) Overcoming mode; d) Static mode.

13. The best conditions for developing explosive leg muscle strength are created during...

a) Shuttle race; c) Outdoor games;

b) Depth jumps; d) Squats with a barbell.

14. When carrying out hardening procedures, you must adhere to the basic principles

hardening Determine which ones?

1. The principle of systematicity;

2. The principle of diversity; Answer options: a) 2,4,5

3. The principle of gradualism; b) 1,3,5

4. The principle of activity; c) 1,2,4

5. The principle of individuality. d) 3,4,5

15. When performing physical exercises, the load is regulated:

a) A combination of volume and intensity when performing motor actions;

b) Heart rate;

c) The degree of difficulties overcome;

d) Fatigue resulting from their implementation.

16. The sum of movements performed by a person in the process of life is combined into

a) Biological activity; c) Motor activity;

b) Optimal activity; d) Physiological activity.

17. Specify 3 principles of independent development of motor actions in physical

culture?

1. From low to high 4. From near to far

2. From known to unknown 5. From subjective to objective

3. From simple to complex 6. From mastered to unmastered

Answer options: a) 1,3,4

18. Complete the definition: “Strength is the ability to overcome... or resist it for

check…..".

a) Internal resistance; muscle tension;

b) External resistance; muscle effort;

c) Physical exercises; internal potential;

d) Physical activity; muscle tension.

19. The minimum daily energy expenditure for muscle activity should be no more than

a) 1000-1300 kcal; c) 1300-1500 kcal;

b) 800-1100 kcal; d) 1400-1600 kcal.

20. The lack of muscle activity of a modern person is called:

a) Hypokinesia; c) Hypoxia;

b) Atrophy; d) Hypertrophy.

21. Physical culture is...

a) Academic subject at school; c) The process of improving human capabilities;

b) Doing exercises; d) Part of human culture.

22. What is the measure of endurance?

a) Range of movements; c) Time;

b) Muscle strength; d) Speed ​​of motor reaction.

23. The weight of a basketball should be...

a) not less than 537g, not more than 630g; c) not less than 573g, not more than 670g;

b) not less than 550g, not more than 645g; d) not less than 567g, not more than 650g.

24. Playing time in basketball consists of...

a) Of 4 periods of 10 minutes; c) Of 4 periods of 12 minutes;

b) Of 3 periods of 8 minutes; d) Of 6 periods of 10 minutes.

25. To prevent the development of flat feet, the following preventive measures are observed:

a) Do not wear shoes that are too tight, high-heeled or flat-soled;

b) To reduce deformation of the arch of the foot, use arch supports, constantly

perform corrective exercises that strengthen the muscles of the foot and lower leg;

c) Perform general developmental exercises, exercises for the lower extremities;

d) All of the above.

26. For what number of fouls should a player be removed from the game according to FIBA ​​rules:

27. Physical culture is focused on improving...

a) Physical and mental qualities of people;

b) Techniques of motor actions;

c) Human performance;

d) Natural physical properties of a person.

28. Physical development means...

a) The process of changing the morphofunctional properties of an organism throughout life;

b) Muscle size, body shape, breathing functionality and

blood circulation, physical performance;

c) The process of improving physical qualities through physical exercise;

d) Level determined by heredity and regularity of physical activity

culture and sports.

29. Speed ​​as a physical quality is understood...

a) The ability to run fast;

b) The ability to perform motor actions in a minimum time;

c) Human movements that provide active movement in space;

d) The ability to maintain a high tempo of movement while moving very quickly.

30. In what year and where for the first time did the Russian national team take part in the Olympic tournament?

on football?

a) 1948 in London; c) 1920 in Belgium;

b) 1912 in Stockholm; d) 1904 in Canada.

31. What is the minimum number of players a team must have before it

allowed to play football?

a) At least 7; c) At least 8;

b) At least 6; d) At least 5.

32. What punishment follows in football: if the goalkeeper, being within the penalty area,

touches the ball with his hands outside of it?

a) Corner kick; c) Free kick;

b) Free kick; d) 11 meter kick.

33. Testing the level of physical fitness means...

a) Measuring the level of development of basic physical qualities;

b) Measurement of height and weight;

c) Measurement of indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems;

a) Elmeri Beri; c) Yasutaka Matsudaira;

b) William Morgan; d) Anatoly Eingorn.

35. Within what time in volleyball must the server hit the ball after the whistle?

first referee to serve?

a) 8 seconds; c) 10 seconds;

b) 3 seconds; d) 7 seconds.

36. Definition used in volleyball: “the action of players near the net along an obstacle

the path of the ball directed by the opponent by raising his hand above the top edge of the net"

means...

a) Attack blow; c) Screen;

b) Blocking; d) Delay.

37. What should be the height of the net in men's volleyball?

a) 2m 43cm; c) 2m 47cm;

b) 2m 45cm; d) 2m 50cm.

38. The creator of the game of basketball is considered...

a) H. Nilsson; c) D. Naismith;

b) L. Ordin; d) F. Schiller.

39. When training endurance, load modes are used, divided into

health-improving, supporting, developing and training. What frequency

does maintenance mode cause heart contractions?

a) 110 – 130 beats per minute; c) 140 - 160 beats per minute;

b) up to 140 beats per minute; d) above 160 beats per minute.

40. In the first ancient Olympic Games, held in 776 BC, athletes

competed in a race over a distance equal to...

a) One stage;

b) Double the length of the stadium;

c) 400 meters;

d) There was no running competition during these games.

The key to questions