Who rewrote war and peace. Improve general literacy by rewriting the novel "War and Peace." The history of the creation of the novel “War and Peace” or “Three Times”

Do it in spite of it, do it by hand,
Turn the world upside down, overturn the sky.

Or what else should I tell you? Take action! Who are you? Boy? Man? Prince? Lieutenant? Who? Who are you in this story? What is your role? Has war captured your heart? Or do peaceful troubles still haunt you? Who are you? Who are you, the main character of this epic? Andrey, who captivated every reading girl? Or Pierre, who made his way from an awkward young man to a noble gentleman? Or maybe you are Natasha, with her first ball and trembling love? Or the little princess who remained at the beginning? Who are you, my hero?....Although...whoever you are - act.

In every sketch, in every draft,
The teacher continues in his student.

But do you need to learn all this? And who is the teacher? Kutuzov? Bonaparte? Or your own father?... Or maybe your mother? What to study and how to live? War brings its own changes, and you must adapt. Yes, yes, you are my hero. My unknown. My Andrey, or maybe Pierre, or Nikolenka... Each of you took a special path. Freemasonry, escape, self-sacrifice, retribution, revenge...What did you choose? Who became the teacher? You are silent...

All my life I've been going down
All my life I've been looking for love
To love one.

One?...But who? You are silent again, my hero. Again these thoughts, again pain, again unrequited love. Loving your wife, but not understanding it. Loving your sister, but pushing her away. To love an innocent girl, although... is it really love? There are so many girls, and each has their own story, so touching and so difficult... So, who is your one, my hero?

They said it was too late to save us and too late to treat us.
I don’t care, because our children will be better than us.
Better than us... Better than us...

But do you really want to die so quickly? Don’t you want to see the world and your family... Or is the war just for this? What do you tell me, my hero? Why did you go to her? For what? Or were you on the sidelines?...Bonaparte or Kutuzov? War or peace? Were you able to stay alive? Yes, it’s too late to save us...we are all wounded and poisoned by life. But how much did it affect you, my hero? Have you seen those terrible battles that claimed thousands of lives...? Or have you seen how people threw their goods onto carts and left, and sometimes just left with nothing? The war...I don't think it didn't affect you, I don't think so. But hold on, my hero, whoever you are.

So who are you...? Whose echo are you? Perhaps you have become the voice of Count Bezukhov, my hero? Or are you still the soul of Prince Balkonsky? Or maybe I’m talking to Rostov?...I see hundreds of faces, and I see how one person dies, and another comes after him...I see how a fire burns in each of you, a flame blazes...and most importantly, life continues. Against all odds. Despite the war, the authorities, ill-wishers and those who, on the contrary, love, in spite of everything. And everyone has their own path. What path did you choose, my hero?...Will you tell me? I'm sure you're on these pages, but I still don't understand who you are. I can't stop at one story, I can't dive out.

During his last visit to China in September of this year, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev puzzled a student at the Institute of Foreign Languages ​​in Dalian, who was immersed in reading Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace. “It is very interesting, but voluminous. There are four volumes,” the Russian leader warned her.

Without a doubt, at almost 1,900 pages, War and Peace is somewhat overwhelming in its length, like a security guard at the entrance to a discotheque.

If in Russia this work is compulsory for study in secondary school, then in Spain it is read at best until the middle. But perhaps this is one of the best novels of all time. “When you read Tolstoy, you read because you cannot leave the book,” said Vladimir Nabokov, convinced that the volume of the work should not at all conflict with its attractiveness

In connection with the centenary of the death of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy, celebrated this year, his immortal novel has been republished in Spain (El Aleph publishing house, translated by Lydia Cooper), which many rightfully consider the Bible of literature. This is a real encyclopedia of Russian life of the nineteenth century, where the most intimate depths of the human soul are explored.

"War and Peace" captivates us because it explores the eternal philosophical problems that concern people: what love means and what evil is. These questions arise before Bezukhov when he thinks about why evil people unite so quickly, but good people do not,” said an expert on Tolstoy’s work, professor of literature at Moscow State University, in an interview with the El Mundo newspaper. Lomonosova Irina Petrovitskaya.

Ten years ago, Petrovitskaya was in Barcelona, ​​where she suffered an allergy attack, as a result of which she experienced a state of clinical death and ended up in one of the Tarragona hospitals. “When I was there, I was amazed by the Spanish doctors. Having learned that I was a teacher at Moscow University, they, fighting for my life, said: “Tolstoy, War and Peace, Dostoevsky... It was very touching,” she recalls.

While in a hospital bed, she experienced the same thing that Prince Andrei Bolkonsky experienced when he lay wounded on the battlefield after the Battle of Austerlitz, looking up at the sky and Napoleon approaching him. Then he suddenly realized the secret of height, the endless height of the sky and the short stature of the French emperor (“Bonaparte seemed to him a small and insignificant creature compared to what was happening in his soul and the high and endless sky along which the clouds floated”).

"War and Peace" is an electric shock to the soul. The pages of this novel are replete with hundreds of pieces of advice (“enjoy these moments of happiness, try to be loved, love others! There is no greater truth in the world than this”), thoughts, reflections (“I know only two real evils in life: suffering and illness “, says Andrey), as well as live dialogues about death.

War and Peace is not only an excellent textbook on the history of the Napoleonic Wars (in 1867 Tolstoy personally visited the Borodino field to familiarize himself with the site where the battle took place), but perhaps the most useful book of advice ever written, which always ready to come to your aid.

"Who am I? Why do I live? Why was he born? Tolstoy and Dostoevsky asked themselves these questions about the meaning of life, explains Irina Petrovitskaya, returning to Tolstoy’s thought (reflected in War and Peace) about a person’s sense of responsibility for the fate of the world. This is one of the characteristic features of the Russian soul, to which many classical works are dedicated, in particular Anna Karenina, another masterpiece of Tolstoy.

“They do not strive only for personal well-being in this world, but want to understand what they can do for all humanity, for the world,” emphasizes Petrovitskaya.

His characters

By endowing his heroes with eternal life, Tolstoy completes his miracle like the creator, the “Creator God” of literature. Because the heroes of his works come off the pages and flow into our lives with each new reading of the novel. Life energy flows out of them like a fountain when they love, reflect, duel, hunt hares or dance at social balls; they radiate life when they fight to the death with the French on the Borodino field, when they look in amazement at the vision of Tsar Alexander I (“My God! How happy I would be if he ordered me to throw myself into the fire right now,” thinks Nikolai Rostov), ​​or when they think about love or fame (“I will never admit this to anyone, but, my God, what can I do if I don’t want anything but fame and the love of people?” Prince Andrei asks himself).

“In War and Peace, Tolstoy tells us that there are two levels of existence, two levels of understanding of life: war and peace, understood not only as the absence of war, but also as mutual understanding between people. Either we are opposed to ourselves, people and the world, or we are at peace with it. And in this case the person feels happy. It seems to me that this should attract any reader from any country,” says Irina Petrovitskaya, adding that she envies those who have not yet enjoyed this work, which is so Russian in spirit.

The heroes of War and Peace, who are constantly in search of themselves, always see life in their eyes (Tolstoy’s favorite technique). Even when their eyelids are closed, like, for example, Field Marshal Kutuzov, who appears before us as an ordinary person, falling asleep while laying out plans for the Battle of Austerlitz. However, in Tolstoy’s epic novel, not everything comes down to questions of existence and tragedy.

Humor

Humor hangs over the pages of War and Peace, like smoke over a battlefield. It is impossible not to smile when we see Prince Andrei’s father, who has fallen into senile dementia and every evening changing the position of his bed, or when we read the following paragraph: “They said that [the French] took all government institutions with them from Moscow, and [.. .] at least for this alone Moscow should be grateful to Napoleon.”

“In the 21st century, this book should be considered as a cult book, as a touching bestseller, because first of all it is a book about love, about the love between such a memorable heroine as Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky, and then Pierre Bezukhov. This is a woman who loves her husband, her family. These are concepts that no one can live without. The novel is filled with tenderness, love, everything earthly, love for people, for each of us,” explains writer Nina Nikitina, head of the Yasnaya Polyana House Museum, where Leo Tolstoy, who died in 1910, was born, lived, worked and was buried. year in the house of the head of the Astapovo railway station.

According to Nikitina, all four volumes of War and Peace radiate optimism, because “this novel was written in the happy years of Tolstoy’s life, when he felt like a writer with all the strength of his soul, as he himself claimed, thanks to the help of his family, first of all his wife Sophia, who constantly rewrote drafts of his works.”

World work

Why is War and Peace considered such a global work? How was it possible that a handful of Russian counts, princes and princesses of the 19th century still owned the souls and hearts of the 21st century readership? “My 22-23 year old students are most interested in issues of love and family. Yes, in our time it is possible to create a family, and this is one of the thoughts embedded in Tolstoy’s work,” concludes Petrovitskaya.

“Don’t marry, never, never, my friend; I advise you. Don’t marry until you can tell yourself that you have done everything to stop loving the woman you have chosen[...],” says Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, the prototype of the Russian hero, to Pierre Bezukhov, the diametrically opposite character, clumsy and melancholy ( His glasses keep slipping off; he constantly bumps into dead people on the battlefield). He was played by Henry Fonda in the 1956 film adaptation of the novel. The conversation between them takes place in one of the Moscow social salons shortly before Napoleonic invasion of Russia in 1812, but if you strain your ears, you can still hear it today on the bus on the way to work.

Education

Improve general literacy by rewriting the novel "War and Peace"

I heard such a legend and want to experience it for myself. There is one unconventional method - to rewrite Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". Every day it’s easy to rewrite a few pages. Such a case has been described in practice. The girl passed 3 entrance exams with a 5, and the Russian with a 2, the professor took care of her and accepted her as a candidate on the condition that she would rewrite “War and Peace” in six months. She brought him notebooks, which he accepted without reading. She cried, but wrote without thinking about the content. A year later, the student became the most literate on the course.

Quantity has turned into quality. You just need to write Tolstoy, he has no mistakes. The hand itself will remember what is written (the writer reads twice), and the brain will learn spelling through repeated repetition.
Try it if you have a strong desire to achieve your goal. If you have willpower.

I will also train my willpower)))

Completion Criteria

rewrite the novel War and Peace" from volumes 1 to 4.

In the last days of October 1910, the Russian public was struck by the news. On the night of October 28, the world-famous writer Count Leo Tolstoy fled from his family estate. The author of the site, Anna Baklaga, writes that the reason for this departure could be a family drama.

Yasnaya Polyana, which the writer received as an inheritance, was for him a place where he always returned after the next stage of doubts and temptations. She replaced all of Russia for him. What made the patient, although strong, but suffering from fainting, memory loss, heart failure and dilated veins in Tolstoy’s legs, leave his beloved estate with all his soul?

As an 82-year-old man, Tolstoy ran away from his family estate

This event shocked the entire society, from ordinary workers to the elite. The most deafening blow, of course, was experienced by the family. Being an eighty-two-year-old man, he ran away from his home, leaving only a note to his wife, in which he asked not to make attempts to find him. Throwing the letter aside, Sofya Andreevna ran to drown herself. Fortunately, they managed to save her. After this incident, everything that could help suicide was taken away from her: a pocket knife, a heavy paperweight, opium. She was in complete despair. The one to whom she devoted her whole life took up and left. Numerous accusations of the escape of the genius fell on the countess. Even their own children were more on the side of their father than their mother. They were the first followers of Tolstoy's teachings. And they imitated and idolized him in everything. Sofya Andreevna was offended and insulted.

Leo Tolstoy with his family

It is impossible to paint a complete picture of their difficult relationship in this format. For this there are diaries, memoirs and letters. But she selflessly served her husband for forty-eight years of her life. The Countess carried and bore him thirteen children. In addition, she made an invaluable contribution to the writer’s work. It was at the beginning of their family life that Tolstoy felt incredible inspiration, thanks to which such works as “War and Peace” and “Anna Karenina” appeared.

Sofya Andreevna helps her husband

No matter how tired she was, no matter what state of mind and health she was in, every day she took Leo Tolstoy’s manuscripts and rewrote everything completely. It is impossible to count how many times she had to rewrite War and Peace. The count's wife also acted as his adviser and sometimes as a censor. Of course, within the limits that were allowed to her. She freed her husband from all worries in order to provide the necessary conditions for his creative activity. And despite this, having gone through so many stages of life together, Leo Tolstoy decides to escape.

Tolstoy dreamed a lot about leaving, but could not decide

His youngest daughter Sasha and her friend Feokritova helped him organize his departure from Yasnaya Polyana. Also nearby was Doctor Makovitsky, without whom Tolstoy, who was already an old man, simply could not have managed. The escape took place at night. Leo Tolstoy clearly understood that if the countess woke up and found him, a scandal would not be avoided. This is what he feared most of all, because then his plan could fail. In his diary, he wrote: “It’s night - I gouge out my eyes, I stray from the path to the outbuilding, I fall into a bowl, I get stuck, I hit the trees, I fall, I lose my hat, I can’t find it, I get out by force, I go home, I take my hat and with a flashlight I get to the stables , I'll tell you to lay it down. Sasha, Dusan, Varya come... I’m trembling, waiting for the chase.”

Leo Tolstoy was a complex, contradictory figure. At the end of his life, he simply felt cramped in the shackles of family life. He renounced violence and began to preach universal brotherly love and work. His wife did not support his new way of life and thoughts, which she later repented of. But then she did not hide the fact that it was alien to her. She simply had no time to delve into his new ideas. All her life she was either pregnant or nursing. Along with this, she herself was involved in raising children, she sewed them, taught them to read, and play the piano. Responsibility for all household chores also lay with her. Plus taking care of the editions and proofreading of my husband’s works. There was too much on her to then accept that her victims were not only not appreciated, but were also discarded as a delusion. Indeed, in search of higher ideals, Tolstoy sometimes made radical decisions. He was ready to give everything away, but what about his family? The writer either wanted to give up property (give it to the peasants), or to renounce copyright in his works. This meant practically depriving the family of their livelihood. And every time Sofya Andreevna had to stand up to defend family interests. She was simply offended that all her life she had tried to live by his ideals, to be a perfect wife for him, according to his ideas, but in the end it turned out to be unnecessary and “worldly.” He needed answers to questions about God and death.

Chertkov with a writer

In fact, he had long dreamed of leaving, but could not make up his mind. Tolstoy understood that this was cruel to his wife. But when family conflicts reached a breaking point, he no longer saw any other way out. The writer was oppressed by the atmosphere at home, constant scandals and attacks from his wife.

Leo Tolstoy's new way of life was alien to his wife Sofya Andreevna

Subsequently, the count had another close person - Vladimir Chertkov. He devoted his entire life to the newly formed teaching of Leo Tolstoy. The relationship between them was quite personal, even the writer’s wife was not allowed to meddle in it. Sofya Andreevna felt slighted and was openly jealous. This confrontation between his wife and his faithful student tormented the genius. It was as if he was being torn apart. The atmosphere in the house became unbearable.

Editor Vladimir Chertkov was the cause of many quarrels in the count's family

In his youth, due to his unbridled mind and character, Tolstoy committed many bad things. actions. Unwittingly neglecting moral values, he thereby introduced himself into a state of depression and suffering. Later, Tolstoy explained this by saying that whenever he tried to be morally good, he was met with contempt and ridicule. But as soon as he indulged in “vile passions,” he was praised and encouraged. He was young and was not ready to stand out from the crowd, where pride, anger and revenge were respected. In his old age, he was very sensitive to any quarrel and least of all wanted to cause trouble to anyone. He became a real sage who carefully selected his words when communicating, afraid of accidentally hurting someone's feelings or offending. That is why it became increasingly difficult for him to endure the situation that reigned in the estate.

Sofya Andreevna at Astapovo station, peeking through the window at her husband

Once in her diary the countess wrote: “What happened is incomprehensible, and will forever remain incomprehensible.” This trip turned out to be the last for Leo Tolstoy. On the way he became ill and had to get off at one of the railway stations. He spent his last days in the station chief's house with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Only after the morphine injection was his wife allowed in, who fell to her knees in front of him.