Monologue from woe. Sergey Shtilman. “Taste, father, excellent manners”

A.S. Griboyedov in the story “Woe from Wit” raises the essence of the conflict of the century that was brewing in society at that time. Following global reforms, a crisis was brewing in Russia due to conservative views on the way of life.

More and more dissenters appeared in the society. Not only did people talk about the need to restructure statutes and revise the rights of citizens, but also in high society there were heated debates between representatives of the nobility. High society, maintained in centuries-old traditions, did not want to change its way of life. However, there were also supporters

Chatsky's monologue reflects his thoughts on the morals of society. He is offended by the primitiveness of the noble class, based on monetary well-being. He does not understand why simple human principles are so alien to most members of the nobility. Chatsky realizes that further pressure on the people is impossible and changes are required.

He also speaks boldly about the military. In his opinion, the uniform is no longer the personification of honor and dignity, now it covers the “poverty of reason.” Chatsky often asks the question: “Who are the judges?” This expression

It has become a household word and reflects the equality of people and their right to commit the most condemned acts by society.

Famusov in his monologue does not ask questions about human values ​​and problems of society. He is interested in primitive needs. He is primarily concerned about food and lunch schedules. He considers the stomach to be the main vital organ. Famusov condemns people like Chatsky and calls them “smart guys.” He categorically disagrees with their views. Famusov remembers that life used to be calmer at court; no one spoke out as boldly as Chatsky.

Family ties play a significant role for him in society. Of course, a person’s status determines his interest in him. When communicating, Famusov always asks about his pedigree; he considers useful contacts a way to advance his career. He treats the old servant with contempt. He has no respect for age, he is only content with humiliating a person of lower status.

In the monologues of these two characters, completely different views on life are clearly visible. The clearly expressed conflict, in fact, represented the conflict of the entire Russian society of that time. This disagreement has been brewing for a long time. Conservative views, such as Famusov, have long hindered the implementation of reforms and the introduction of new regulations not only on the way of life, but also on the country’s economy.

The difference in views of representatives of different classes is quite understandable, but the conflict of opinions of people of the noble class spoke volumes. Educated representatives of the Russian intelligentsia did not agree on what Russia should be like after reforms in Europe.

The role of Chatsky’s monologues in A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”

The comedy “Woe from Wit” was written by A. S. Griboyedov after the Patriotic War of 1812, that is, during the period when profound socio-political changes were taking place in the life of Russia.

With his work, Griboyedov responded to the most pressing issues of our time, such as serfdom, personal freedom and independence of thought, the state of enlightenment and education, careerism and veneration of rank, admiration for foreign culture. The ideological meaning of “Woe from Wit” is the opposition of two ways of life and worldviews: the old, serfdom (“past century”) and the new, progressive (“present century”).

“The present century” is presented in a comedy by Chatsky, who is an ideologist of new views. He expresses his attitude towards everything happening in society. That is why the monologues of the main character occupy such an important place in the play. They reveal Chatsky’s attitude to the main problems of his contemporary society. His monologues also carry a large plot load: they appear in the play at turning points in the development of the conflict.

We meet the first monologue already in the exhibition. It begins with the words “Well, what about your father?..”, and in it Chatsky gives a description of Moscow morals. He notes with bitterness that during his absence in Moscow, nothing has changed significantly. And here for the first time he starts talking about the system of education accepted in society. The children of Russian nobles are raised by foreign tutors “in more numbers, at a cheaper price.” The younger generation is growing up in the belief “that without the Germans we have no salvation.” Chatsky mockingly and at the same time bitterly notes that in order to be considered educated in Moscow, you need to speak “a mixture of French and Nizhny Novgorod languages.”

The second monologue (“And sure enough, the world began to grow stupid...”) is associated with the outbreak of the conflict, and it is dedicated to the contrast between the “present century” and the “past century.” This monologue is maintained in a calm, slightly ironic tone, which is psychologically justified. Chatsky loves Famusov's daughter and does not want to irritate her father. But Chatsky does not want to agree with Famusov, who insults his pride, his views as a free-thinking person. Moreover, this monologue is caused by the moral teachings of Sophia’s father, his advice on how to make a career, using the experience of the unforgettable uncle Maxim Petrovich.

Chatsky categorically disagrees with this. The entire accusatory meaning of the protagonist’s words lies in the fact that he is trying to explain to Famusov the difference between two historical periods, past and present. The Catherine era, which evokes such tenderness in Famusov, is defined by Chatsky as “the age of humility and fear.” Chatsky believes that now different times have come, when there are no people who want to “make people laugh, bravely sacrifice the back of their heads.” He sincerely hopes that the techniques and methods of the nobles of Catherine’s time are a thing of the past, and the new century values ​​people who are truly honest and dedicated to the cause, and not to individuals:

Although there are hunters everywhere to be mean,
Yes, nowadays laughter frightens and keeps shame in check,
It’s not for nothing that the sovereigns pity them so little.

Third monologue “Who are the judges?” - the most famous and striking monologue of the main character. It occurs at the moment of development of the conflict in the play. It is in this monologue that Chatsky’s views receive the most complete coverage. Here the hero clearly expresses his anti-serfdom views, which later gave critics the opportunity to bring Chatsky closer to the Decembrists. How different the tone of this passionate monologue is from the peace-loving lines of the previous one! Citing specific examples of the manifestation of the monstrous attitude of nobles towards serfs, Chatsky is horrified by the lawlessness that reigns in Russia:

That Nestor of noble scoundrels,
Surrounded by a crowd of servants;

Zealous, they are in the hours of wine and fights
And his honor and life saved him more than once: suddenly
He traded three greyhounds for them!!!

But the debtors did not agree to a deferment:
Cupids and Zephyrs all
Sold out individually!

“Where, show us, are the fathers of the fatherland, // Which we should take as models?” - the main character asks bitterly. In this monologue one can hear the genuine pain of a man who knows the value of the “fathers of the fatherland,” who are “rich in robbery” and protected from trial by the entire existing system: connections, bribes, acquaintances, position. The new man cannot, according to the hero, come to terms with the existing slave position of the “smart, vigorous people.” And how can one come to terms with the fact that the defenders of the country, the heroes of the War of 1812, the gentlemen have the right to exchange or sell. Chatsky raises the question of whether serfdom should exist in Russia.

Griboyedov’s hero is also outraged by the fact that such “strict connoisseurs and judges” persecute everything freedom-loving, free and defend only the ugly and unprincipled. In this monologue of the hero, the voice of the author himself is heard, expressing his innermost thoughts. And, after listening to Chatsky’s passionate monologue, any sane person should inevitably come to the conclusion that such a state of affairs cannot exist in a civilized country.

With the words “There is an insignificant meeting in that room...” begins another monologue of Chatsky. It marks the climax and resolution of the conflict. Answering Sophia’s question “Tell me, what makes you so angry?”, Chatsky, as usual, gets carried away and does not notice that no one is listening to him: everyone is dancing or playing cards. Chatsky speaks into emptiness, but in this monologue he also touches on an important issue. He is outraged by the “Frenchman from Bordeaux” as an example of the admiration of Russian nobles for everything foreign. With fear and tears, he went to Russia, and then he was delighted and felt like an important person, having not met there “neither a Russian sound nor a Russian face.” Chatsky is offended by the fact that the Russian language, national customs and culture should be placed much lower than foreign ones. He ironically proposes to borrow from the Chinese the “wise... ignorance of foreigners.” And he continues:

Will we ever be resurrected from the alien power of fashion?
So that our smart, cheerful people
Although he didn’t consider us Germans based on our language,

The last monologue comes at the denouement of the plot. Chatsky says here that he will never be able to come to terms with the morals and orders of Famusov’s Moscow. He is not surprised that this society of people, terrified of everything new and advanced, declares him insane:

You are right: he will come out of the fire unharmed,
Who will have time to spend a day with you,
Breathe the air alone
And his sanity will survive.

So, Chatsky left the Famusovs’ house offended and disappointed, and yet he is not perceived as a defeated person, a loser, because he managed to remain faithful to his ideals, to remain himself.

Monologues help us understand not only the character of the main character. They tell us about the order that existed in Russia at that time, about the hopes and aspirations of progressive people of that time. They are important both in the semantic and structural construction of the play. Thinking readers and viewers should definitely think about the main problems of Russian society during Griboyedov’s time, many of which are still relevant today.

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Monologues of Famusov and Chatsky - heroes of the legendary work, comedy by A.S. Griboedov's "Woe from Wit" is distinguished by its contrast. There is a struggle between the past and the future. Chatsky’s speeches are a call for change, a thirst to start life in a new way, but Famusov desperately wants everything to remain the same, because he is very comfortable living in the illusion that everything is fine, and nothing more is needed for happiness as soon as “to cherish nobility."

But in order to understand what we are talking about, you need to delve into the monologues of these two antipodean heroes in more detail and draw conclusions for yourself.

“Taste, father, excellent manners”

These words begin the monologue of Pavel Famusov, who clearly adheres to the idea that “everyone has its own laws.” His speech sounds like an answer to Skalozub, who is not averse to getting married. This is where Famusov has the opportunity to express his opinion on this complex issue. He also remembers that “honor is given to father and son,” that is, preference will be given to a bride with a rich dowry; and that Russian people are the most hospitable, and they “have dinner ready for everyone,” especially accepting foreigners under their roof. Further more. Famusov, as they say, goes into a rage and begins to praise the Moscow youth, because, in his opinion, they “will teach teachers at fifteen.”

As for the elderly, Famusov has laudatory praises ready for them too. “As soon as they get excited, they will judge their deeds, that the word is a sentence,” he notes. And the next phrase may already alert a thoughtful reader with its uncompromisingness and deceptive approach to change: “It’s not that new things were introduced - never...”

According to Famusov, it turns out that judging people and finding fault with nothing is very good, but there is a strict taboo on striving for a positive change in life.

Unfortunately, the overwhelming majority of nobles then had such concepts, and Famusov was only one of them. But what about Chatsky, the only representative of the new time in the play “Woe from Wit”? How does he react to such pompous speeches?

Chatsky’s position: swim against the tide

There is probably not a reader of the play “Woe from Wit” in the modern world who would stand on the side of Famusov and oppose Chatsky’s speeches. After all, now life is completely different, and Chatsky is understood and accepted by everyone, but the hero-nobleman is imprinted in the minds of people as a champion of past, lame and completely unacceptable ideas.

But if you follow Chatsky’s speeches, you can learn a lot of interesting and useful things. “The houses are new, but the prejudices are old, rejoice, neither years, nor fashion, nor fires will destroy them,” he responds with regret to Famusov’s just-spoken monologue, realizing that, alas, he cannot do anything with the established stupid and false concepts those who call themselves nobility. However, Pavel Afanasyevich is in charge here, and he immediately stops such speech that is objectionable to him: “I asked you to be silent, it’s not a great service.” And then, turning to Skalozub, he speaks about Chatsky in front of him in the third person: “It’s a pity, it’s a pity, he’s a little head; And he writes and translates well. One cannot help but regret that with such a mind...”

Chatsky is smart, and Famusov fully admits this, but this person does not dance to his tune, does not adapt to him like others and does not adhere to his views and concepts, which, as Pavel Afanasyevich seriously believes, are the only true ones. But Andrei Chatsky cannot be fooled! He knows he is right and expresses his thoughts clearly and clearly. This is especially evident from the monologue “Who are the judges?” Every line of it contains criticism of the old system and a call for change. But in order to delve deeper into the meaning of this emotional speech, you need to consider Chatsky’s phrases in more detail.

And in wives and daughters there is the same passion for the uniform...

Chatsky is not afraid to criticize judges who are at odds with life free from their patterns; who draw their judgments from old forgotten newspapers and who “all sing the same song.” In contrast to Famusov’s opinion, the fathers of the Fatherland for Chatsky are by no means role models. On the contrary, he exposes those who are “rich in robbery,” who have found protection from trial in family ties, who waste their lives in feasts and extravagance. This behavior is not only disgusting to the soul of young Chatsky, he considers it the most vile. And the facts that a supporter of new ideas expresses in a fit of emotion speak for themselves. One of the so-called fathers committed outright betrayal when he exchanged his servants (who more than once saved both his honor and his life) for three greyhounds.

Another brought the children of serfs, forcibly taken from their mothers, to a serf ballet, and bragged about it. Such inhumane behavior, according to Chatsky, is absolutely unacceptable, but what to do with the force of habit, with rigidity of views, with resistance to new knowledge?

Now let one of us
Among the young people, there will be an enemy of quest,
Without demanding either places or promotion,
He will focus his mind on science, hungry for knowledge;
To the creative, high and beautiful arts,
They immediately: robbery! fire!
And he will be known among them as a dreamer! dangerous!!”

Who is dangerous for people like Famusov and Skalozub? Of course, those who are eager to learn and want to renew their minds. Thinking people who are not afraid to express their opinions to their faces are a threat and a disaster for the nobles. But, unfortunately, there are not so many of them. The majority are always those who have a passion for the uniform, which covers the poverty of reason and weakness of soul, that is, those striving to obtain a certain rank in order to establish themselves in this vicious society.

“That’s it, you’re all proud...”

This monologue came from the lips of Pavel Famusov in response to Chatsky’s phrase “I would be glad to serve. It’s sickening to be served.” The fighter for old views did not like the clear distinction between the concepts of “serve” and “serve”, and he responded with an angry speech, again using the older generation as an example.

Pyotr Afanasyevich emphasizes the benefits of admiring the lower ranks before the higher ranks. He is inflamed with praise for a certain Uncle Maxim Petrovich, who bent over when it was necessary to curry favor, and considered such behavior to be the only correct one. But from the outside, if you look closely, Maxim Petrovich looks funny in his servility, but Famusov has his eyes closed to this.

Chatsky’s answer: “And the world definitely began to grow stupid...”

It would be surprising if Chatsky reacted calmly to such a stupid speech. Of course, he did not indulge the eccentricities of the nobility in the person of Famusov, but took a firm position against servility and servility to the ranks. Chatsky does not understand those who “take it head on” and fawn over the powerful of this world, and sharply condemns them, noting that “it’s not for nothing that sovereigns favor them stingily.”

The meaning of the monologues of Famusov and Chatsky

Famusov and Chatsky are representatives of two completely different eras. One is a nobleman who does not want any changes, who has closed himself in the shell of his concepts and views on life, ossified in greed and love of money, who hates any desire for new knowledge.

The other is an enlightened person trying to expose the evils of the old system and prove the inconsistency and harmfulness of the ideas of those who build their lives on servility.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the analysis of Famusov’s monologue from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”

They are like black and white, like light and darkness, between which there can be nothing in common. That is why Chatsky is a very dangerous person for Famusov, because if there are many people like him, the old and familiar foundations will certainly collapse. Famusov is horrified that Alexander Chatsky “wants to preach freedom” and does not recognize the authorities. However, sooner or later everything old and old comes to an end and the new appears. This happened with the nobility, which one day disappeared completely, and was replaced by a completely new era, in which education and scientific progress occupy a dominant place.

Chatsky's monologue "Who are the judges?.." from the comedy "" (1824) by the Russian writer and diplomat (1795 - 1829) is given in act 2, scene 5 of the comedy. Chatsky responds to criticism of Famusov.

Chatsky's monologue is the most famous episode from the comedy "". The first phrase of the monologue "" became a catchphrase.

Chatsky's monologue (action 2, episode 5)

Who are the judges? - In ancient times

Their enmity towards a free life is irreconcilable,

Judgments are drawn from forgotten newspapers

The times of the Ochakovskys and the conquest of Crimea;

Always ready to fight,

Everyone sings the same song,

Without noticing about yourself:

The older it is, the worse it is.

Where? show us, fathers of the fatherland,

Which ones should we take as models?

Aren't these the ones who are rich in robbery?

They found protection from court in friends, in kinship,

Magnificent building chambers,

Where they spill out in feasts and extravagance,

And where foreign clients will not be resurrected

The meanest features of the past life.

And who in Moscow didn’t have their mouths covered?

Lunches, dinners and dances?

Aren't you the one to whom I was born from the shrouds?

For some incomprehensible plans,

Did they take the child to bow?

Made all of Moscow marvel at their beauty!

But the debtors did not agree to a deferment:

Cupids and Zephyrs all

Sold out individually!!!

These are the ones who lived to see their gray hairs!

This is who we should respect in the wilderness!

Here are our strict connoisseurs and judges!

Now let one of us

Among the young people there will be: the enemy of quests,

Without demanding either places or promotion,

He will focus his mind on science, hungry for knowledge;

Or God himself will stir up heat in his soul

To the creative, high and beautiful arts,—

They immediately: robbery! fire!

And he will be known among them as a dreamer! dangerous!! —

Uniform! one uniform! he is in their former life

Once covered, embroidered and beautiful,

Their weakness, poverty of reason;

And we follow them on a happy journey!

And in wives and daughters there is the same passion for the uniform!

How long ago did I renounce tenderness towards him?!

Now I can’t fall into this childishness;

But who wouldn’t follow everyone then?

When from the guard, others from the court

Came here for a while:

The women shouted: hurray!

And they threw caps into the air!"

Notes

1) Alexander Andreevich Chatsky- the main character of the work. A young nobleman, the son of Famusov’s late friend, Andrei Ilyich Chatsky. Chatsky and Sofya Famusova used to love each other.

2) Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov- Moscow nobleman of the middle class. Serves as a manager in a government place. He was married, but his wife died soon after giving birth, leaving her only daughter, Sophia. Famusov was friends with Chatsky’s late father.

3) The times of the Ochakovskys and the conquest of Crimea- the fortress and city of Ochakov was taken by Russian troops on December 6 (17), 1788 in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791. The overall command of the assault was carried out by Prince Potemkin, the army was commanded by the commander

From the play by A. S. Griboyedov. Also on this page you will find a video of the famous play "Woe from Wit". Enjoy watching!

Famusov, servant.

Parsley, you are always with new clothes,
With a torn elbow. Get out the calendar;
Read not like a sexton, *
And with feeling, with sense, with arrangement.
Just wait. - On a piece of paper, scribble on a note,
Against next week:
To Praskovya Fedorovna's house
On Tuesday I'm invited to go trout fishing.
How wonderfully created the light!
Philosophize - your mind will spin;
Either you take care, then it’s lunch:
Eat for three hours, but in three days it won’t cook!
Mark that same day... No, no.
On Thursday I am invited to the funeral.
Oh, the human race! has fallen into oblivion
That everyone should climb there themselves,
In that little box where you can neither stand nor sit.
But who intends to leave the memory on its own
Living a commendable life, here is an example:
The deceased was a venerable chamberlain,
With the key, he knew how to deliver the key to his son;
Rich, and married to a rich woman;
Married children, grandchildren;
Died; everyone remembers him sadly.
Kuzma Petrovich! Peace be upon him! -
What kind of aces live and die in Moscow! -
Write: on Thursday, one to one,
Or maybe on Friday, or maybe on Saturday,
I have to baptize a widow, a doctor's wife.
She didn't give birth, but by calculation
In my opinion: she should give birth...

That's it, you are all proud!
Would you ask what the fathers did?
We would learn by looking at our elders:
We, for example, or the deceased uncle,
Maxim Petrovich: he’s not on silver,
Ate on gold; one hundred people at your service;
All in orders; I was always traveling in a train;
A century at court, and at what court!
Then it was not the same as now,
He served under the Empress Catherine.
And in those days everyone is important! forty pounds...
Take a bow - they won’t nod to stupid people.
A nobleman in the case - even more so,
Not like anyone else, and he drank and ate differently.
And uncle! what is your prince? what's the count?
Serious look, arrogant disposition.
When do you need to help yourself?
And he bent over:
On the kurtag he happened to step on his feet;
He fell so hard that he almost hit the back of his head;
The old man groaned, his voice hoarse;
He was granted the highest smile;
They deigned to laugh; what about him?
He stood up, straightened up, wanted to bow,
Suddenly a row fell - on purpose -
And the laughter is worse, and the third time it’s the same.
A? what do you think? in our opinion, he is smart.
He fell painfully, but got up well.
But it happens that who is more often invited to whist?
Who hears a friendly word at court?
Maxim Petrovich! Who knew honor before everyone?
Maxim Petrovich! Joke!
Who promotes you to ranks and gives pensions?
Maxim Petrovich! Yes! You, the current ones, wow!

Famusov's monologue phenomenon 2 act 5 "Woe from Wit"

WOE FROM MIND (Maly Theater 1977) - video

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He speaks seriously, but we turn his words into a joke.
- How about the second wind? - we ask each other, laughing. And he laughs with us.
We're going all the way. The sun, which shone on the lamas' faces, remains behind us. In its truthful light we see each other. Their faces became haggard, darkened, their lips were cracked, their eyes were red...
But suddenly, at a turn, right on the outskirts of a quiet village, we see a passenger car covered with branches. This is the vehicle of the commander and commissar. Colonel Aleshin is not visible, Rakitin stands by the road and salutes us.
He does not stretch in a drill manner, and an embarrassed grin wanders across his tired, kind face. But still, there is no other way to interpret his pose - he salutes us. The entire regiment walks past him, which must continue for quite a long time, but he stands with his hand on the visor of his cap, and there is not a person in the regiment who does not understand what this means.
The colonel meets us in the village itself.
He stands in the middle of the street, with one hand in his belt, waiting for us. In the last hours of the march, our column became very upset. We do not walk in ranks, but in groups, and only when we see the colonel do we begin to look around and change formations as we go.
It is very difficult to understand the expression on the colonel's face. He's definitely looking at...
- Great, well done! - he said when we, having lined up in ranks, pulled ourselves up and even made an attempt to “give a leg,” passed him. “Turn here, second company!” It's cooked and cooked for you here. In one pot, both dinner and breakfast at once. Go quickly, otherwise the cook is nervous, worried that everything will end!
The colonel points to the gate with a hospitable gesture. We pass by him, he carefully looks around our tired ranks. He knows very well that he needs hot food to restore strength and recover after a seven-decade trek. Having sent us to breakfast, he again looks at the road, waiting for the next, third company.
Day. We settled down in a wide school yard. It recently rained here, the calm puddles are filled to the top and full of blue sky and wet clouds. There are people sleeping on the grass all over the yard. Some are spread out, others are curled up, but above each dozen heads there are rifles in a pyramid. We sleep in squads, platoons and companies, so that we can get up and go west again.
We sleep until lunch, we sleep after lunch, we could sleep longer, but we need to continue the hike. It’s difficult to walk at first, your legs are sore and bandaged, but the pain subsides and you don’t think about it. The legs parted. We turned from the echoing asphalt onto a soft dirt road, which again led us into the forest. This is still the Moscow region. It is prohibited to cut down trees here. The forests are getting thicker. Sometimes the forest parts, and arable fields crossed by rivers are visible.
...The sun is setting again, which day we follow it! Here is a large village, and you can see our army entering it from the forest along several roads...
We cross the street and with our movement we delay the herd. Huge cows smelling of milk moo displeasedly. We prevented them from reaching the farm, the carved ridge of which is visible from the side. Young milkmaids in white bring us morning milk. Here we were given a longer rest, and we have time to look back. Among the huts, two new white two-story houses rose. The roadsides are lined with turf. The glass of the school is clear. Socialist abundance in every detail, and in everything the mature fullness of an unprecedented, socialist, already developed system of life.
In 1928-1929, I visited the Comintern commune in the Dnieper Tauride steppes. The large wasteland overgrown with weeds on the site of the landowner's house was not yet built up, and the coals of the 1818 fire crunched underfoot. This commune was like a drawing by a talented child. The hand is uncertain, the perspective is confused, but the main strokes were outlined even then with brilliant fidelity. The commune plowed up five thousand hectares, built hangar-like barns, erected silos... The kindergarten and nursery were poor, but how clean were the sackcloth bedding in children's beds!