Museum - Ostankino estate. Estate "Ostankino" - country residence of the "Russian Croesus" Sheremetyev Palace Museum

Museum - estate of Count Sheremetyev

Fragment of the fence of Count Sheremetyev's estate in Ostankino


fence fragment
Ostankino is a unique architectural and artistic monument associated with the history of Russian and European theatrical arts. The architectural complex of the estate took shape over four centuries.
The boyar estate with a pond (16th century), the Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity (17th century), a manor house and an oak grove became at the end of the 18th century a palace-pack ensemble, the ceremonial summer residence of Count N.P. Sheremetev.

In 1743, the village of Ostashkovo was given as a dowry to the daughter of Prince Cherkassy, ​​Varvara, who married the son of Count Sheremetyev, a noble nobleman, an associate of Peter I. Thus, Ostankino came into the possession of the Counts Sheremetyev.

in the park of the museum - estate

rotunda
News from the end of the century says that at that time in Ostankino there was “an entertainment house and a regular garden with ponds.” However, in 1789 Count N.P. Sheremetyev, a great connoisseur and admirer of art, especially theatrical art, plans to rebuild the mansion in such a way as to accommodate not only palace premises, but also theater Hall. As a result of the restructuring it turned out more like a museum than a residential estate. And the count himself was unusually proud of his creation and considered it “the greatest thing worthy of surprise.”


And the reason for this was love. The love of Count N.P. Sheremetyev for his serf actress Praskovya Kovaleva-Zhemchugova.
His feelings for Parasha were so strong that the count disregarded secular conventions and secretly married her. So, in order to rid his wife of memories of her humble origins and humiliating past, the count decided to build a palace-theater at the other end of Moscow, where her talent could reveal itself in all its splendor.

Count Sheremetyev

fragment of decoration

Ostankino Palace built from Siberian pine with external plaster and internal decorative finishing (1792-1798) in the style of Russian classicism... The two-story theater is located in the center of the palace and is surrounded by a system of state halls. A unique theatrical version of classicism was used in the design of the state rooms. The facades of the symmetrically located different-sized palace volumes are decorated with colonnades of the Ionic, Corinthian, and Tuscan orders.


The ceiling of the Sheremetv Theater. The theater still hosts performances to this day, and there are so-called Sheremetyevo holidays.

Hall of the Sheremetev Palace

The most famous sculpture from the Sheremetev collection in Ostankino: “Fighting Roosters” by Canova. When you walk around it, you wonder why you can’t hear the roosters crowing, since there are three of them here at once!

Until now interior decoration The Sheremetyev Palace has preserved original parquet flooring, some chandeliers, and the ceiling. There was wonderful prefabricated gilded furniture, tall mirrors, drawings of the estate, and a collection of paintings. The decoration itself also resembled a theater; the interior of the palace was dedicated to its composition...

In front of you is a piece of the Sheremetyev Theater, the building of which was located right in the palace. It was the theater that made Ostankino famous! It was equipped with last word techniques: the columns rose and moved apart, the ceiling changed, there were all sorts of devices for transmitting the sound of thunder, rain... The upper tier of the theater is in the picture. From there the serfs watched the action taking place on the theater stage...

The decor of the plastered walls consists of gypsum bas-reliefs on mythological themes, wall niches are "animated" sculptural images heroes of ancient mythology associated with the cult of Dionysus and Apollo. The two-story theater is located in the center of the palace and is surrounded by a system of state halls...The interior decoration uses fabrics, gilding and wood carving, and painting on paper.

Despite all the classicism of its forms, the Ostankino Palace is distinguished by its extraordinary elegance and luxury. And no wonder, because it could not help but reflect the spirit of abundance and pretentiousness that dominated architecture and art throughout the 18th century. The count himself meticulously delved into the smallest details of the construction of his brainchild. He often consulted and argued with his architects. As a result, Ostankino does not look like the creation of one master, but it wonderfully reflects the era and that understanding of beauty,
which united all the masters of the late 18th century.

, official site

Membership in organizations:
Union of Museums of Russia - R14
Russian National Committee of the International Council of Museums - ICOM Russia - R158
Association of Music Museums and Collections (AMMiK) - R1928

Sponsors, patrons and grant givers:
V. Potanin Charitable Foundation

Storage units:
21905, of which 17254 are fixed assets items

Large exhibition projects:
"Palace within a Palace". Moscow, State Museum "Tsaritsyno", 2014
"Unsurpassed Wedgwood." Moscow, All-Russian Museum of Decorative and Applied Arts folk art, 2014
"One hundred years of holidays in an estate near Moscow. Kuskovo. Ostankino. Arkhangelskoye. Lyublino." Moscow, Moscow State United Art Historical-Architectural and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve, 2014-15.
"Palladio in Russia. From Baroque to Modernism." Italy, Venice, Correr Museum, 2014, Moscow, State Museum "Tsaritsyno", 2015

Traveling and exchange exhibitions:
"Passion for Beads" (first quarter XVIII- beginning of the 20th century). The whole range of beadwork from the era of its heyday - from thimble cases to furniture. From 200 to 300 exhibits. Showcases required
French engraving from the 17th - 19th centuries. From the collection of the Moscow Ostankino Estate Museum. Genre and reproduction engravings by leading French masters. 60 sheets are provided for the exhibition, presenting in all its splendor exquisite art French print
English color engraving of the 17th - 19th centuries. from the collection of the Moscow Ostankino Estate Museum. Magnificent color sheets by leading English masters of exquisite technique, the highest quality of workmanship and an original form of art. 40 exhibits
"Giambattista, Francesco and Laura Piranesi. Masterpieces of world graphics from the collection of the Moscow Ostankino Estate Museum." 40 rare sheets from creative heritage famous artistic family
- the great Italian etcher Giambattista Piranesi, his son Francesco and daughter Laura Architectural landscape in Italian engraving - late XVII early XIX centuries from the collection of the Ostankino Estate Museum. Masterpieces graphic art in the genre of architectural veduta, popular both among professional artists
both architects and art lovers. 50 sheets Russian watercolor portrait XIX centuries from the collection of the Ostankino estate museum. The exhibition includes: famous names
, like P.F. Sokolov, V.I. Gau, A.P. Rokstuhl and others. 60 portraits, supplemented with art objects - fans, boxes, etc. Russian graphic portrait I half of the 19th century centuries from the collection of the Ostankino estate museum.
Chamber portraits drawn with graphic and colored pencils, charcoal, pastels, watercolors and gouache. 50 portraits, complemented by art objects - fans, boxes, etc. Russian miniature portrait of the 18th - 19th centuries. from the collection of the Ostankino estate museum. Works of the most famous masters
Russian miniature. The number of exhibits can vary from 100 to 200 exhibits. Requires vertical display cases with lighting Works by famous masters of portrait miniatures XVIII-XIX. The number of exhibits can vary from 100 to 200 exhibits. Requires vertical display cases with lighting

The Ostankino estate is one of the most unique monuments of Russian architecture of the 18th century in terms of its architecture and preservation. The estate is located in the northern part of Moscow.
The ensemble of the Ostankino estate took shape over several centuries. The first traces in history date back to the mid-16th century. At that time, in its place was the Shchelkalovs’ estate with a small boyar courtyard and a wooden church. In 1620, the Ostankino estate was donated by Mikhail Fedorovich, the Tsar, to the boyar I.B. Cherkassky. Since then, the Cherkasskys owned the estate for a little more than a century- until 1743, then it passed to the Sheremetevs.

The heyday of the Ostankino estate began at the end of the 18th century, when ownership of the estate passed into the hands of Count N. Sheremetev, a wealthy philanthropist and art connoisseur. At that time, theater was a new favorite hobby among the nobility, but for Count Sheremetev this light hobby grew into an all-consuming passion. He planned to make the Ostankino estate his summer residence and organize a theater troupe for permanent residence and work. To realize this idea on a full scale, the famous palace theater was erected in Ostankino.

Famous Russian architects F. Camporesi, V. Brenna and I. Starov worked on the project of this unusual palace. It was embodied by the count's serf architects - A. Mironov and P. Argunov. Construction lasted from 1792 to 1798. The palace was built entirely of wood, but its plastered walls seem to be made of stone. The embodiment of an extraordinary idea was highly appreciated.

When Prince Sheremetev died in 1809, the Ostankino estate was practically forgotten and abandoned by the owners.

Right after October revolution, the estate, thanks to the nationalization of values ​​that swept the country, was turned into a museum, which since 1938 began to be called the Palace Museum of the Creativity of Serfs. In 1992, the museum was renamed the Moscow Ostankino Estate Museum.

Currently, the Ostankino estate museum displays a rich collection of ancient Russian icons and wooden sculpture from the late 15th to early 20th centuries, a collection of furniture from the late 14th to 19th centuries, and an exhibition of paintings and graphics.

Now let’s walk through the museum halls of the estate:

The first hall displays the museum's various collections.

Collecting was a favorite pastime of the nobility. The Sheremetev counts, representing one of the noble and wealthy families of the Russian nobility, were also fond of collecting.
The museum has unique collection fans

Table (Russia 17th century); Chairs (Europe 17th century); Above the table is a portrait of Prince A.M. Cherkassky 1760; Wardrobe (Germany, second half of the 17th century)

Harp
(France. Paris. Master P. Krupp. 1770)

Behind the first hall there is a gallery. On the walls of which hangs an extensive collection of original drawings, measurements, projects of the 18th century related to the design and construction of the palace in Ostankino, as well as a collection of paintings.

The gallery leads to the Italian Pavilion - the most elegant pavilion in the Ostankino estate.

From the pavilion there is a corridor to the office of Count Sheremetyev himself, but the entrance to the office is closed to visitors. I photographed it from afar.

The passage Gallery to the Italian Pavilion, connecting the pavilion with the Engraving Gallery and forming an integral part of the lower theater foyer, was built in 1792 according to the design of the architect Francesco Camporesi.

Print gallery.

The print gallery was created in 1796 by order of N.P. Sherementeva.

A fundamental turn in the fate of Ostankino is associated with the decision of N.P. Sheremetev to build a theater in Ostankino. Unlike most representatives of the enlightened Russian nobility At that time, N.P. Sheremetev’s penchant for the then fashionable entertainment - the theater - turned from a hobby into his life’s work. Having a well-prepared troupe with an extensive repertoire and several theater premises, Sheremetev conceived a project for a summer entertainment residence that was unique for Russia.
When the theater opened in 1795, I. Kozlovsky’s opera based on the words of A. Potemkin “The Capture of Izmail or Zelmira and Smelon” was performed. On the day of the holiday organized by Sheremetev in 1797 in honor of Emperor Paul I, A.-E. Grétry's opera "Samnite Marriages" was staged, repeated a little later for the Polish king Stanislav August Poniatowski. In this opera main role performed by the brilliant Praskovya Zhemchugova, a serf actress, best singer troupe, who later became Countess Sheremeteva.
In 1801, the last holiday during the life of N.P. Sheremetev took place in Ostankino in honor of Emperor Alexander I. The heyday of Ostankino was bright, but short. Soon the troupe was disbanded, and the estate was abandoned by the owners for a long time.

“I must tell you about the house of Count Sheremetev, who on the third day gave a holiday to the King of Poland and a select audience of about five hundred people.
Not a single German ruler, hardly any of the electors, has anything like this... On the lower floor everything glitters with gold, marbles, statues, vases.
One might think that this is the limit of the owner's possessions, but you will go up to the mezzanine and be surprised at the sight of a new, no less royal splendor. Big beautiful theater.
The troupe, actors, dancers, chapel - everything belongs to the owner,” an eyewitness wrote.

And the last pavilion that is open to visitors is the Egyptian one.
The Egyptian pavilion does not belong entirely to the palace and is connected to it only by a narrow passage gallery. The huge bright space opens onto the garden.

Foundation and establishment of the estate

The first mention of the village dates back to 1558, but the history of the estate begins in 1584. This year's keeper state seal- clerk Vasily Shchelkalov, who at that time owned the village of Ostankino, builds a boyar’s house in it, plants a grove and lays a wooden church. The buildings created by Shchelkalov were destroyed in Time of Troubles, only the pond he created has survived to this day.

The estate, boyar's house and Trinity Church are being restored by Prince Cherkassky, to whom Ostankino was granted by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1601. Prince Yakov's nephew, who inherited the land, has been developing hunting grounds in Ostankino since 1642, and his son, Mikhail Yakovlevich, instead of a dilapidated wooden church, erects a stone one and orders the planting of a cedar grove. TO early XVIII century, the estate becomes one of the most beautiful in the Moscow region. In 1743, the granddaughter of Mikhail Yakovlevich, Princess Varvara Alekseevna, the only daughter of the chancellor Russian Empire, Prince Alexei Mikhailovich Cherkassky, one of the richest brides in Moscow, marries Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev, the Ostankino estate is part of the dowry.

Since Pyotr Borisovich lived in his family estate in Kuskovo, Ostankino was mainly used for economic purposes. Despite this, on his instructions, a park was laid out, greenhouses and conservatories were built, and the house was partially rebuilt.

Creation of a palace theater

In 1788, after the death of his father, the estate was inherited by his son Nikolai Petrovich.

XVIII-XIX centuries

The ensemble took shape over several centuries and was finally formed under Count N.P. Sheremetev at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. Having visited in the 1830s. in Ostankino, A. S. Pushkin noted: “Horn music does not thunder in the groves of Ostankino and Svirlovo (Sviblovo) ... Buns and colored lanterns do not illuminate the English paths, now overgrown with grass, but once lined with myrtle and orange trees, hundreds of years old of its existence. The manor's house was decrepit...” However, the interiors of the palace have almost completely preserved their decor and decoration. One of the main attractions is the artistic inlaid parquet flooring. The abundance of carved gilded wood gives the halls an original appearance. Chandeliers, furniture and other furnishings are in their original places. The Ostankino Palace is practically the only theater building of the 18th century in Russia that has preserved the stage, auditorium, dressing rooms and part of the engine room mechanisms.

Ostankino Estate Museum

From 1918 - state museum, in which you can now see authentic interiors of the 18th century, hear the music of that time and operas from the repertoire of the Sheremetev Theater.

The master plan for the estate park, called “Park of Culture and Leisure named after Dzerzhinsky,” was developed by the architect V. I. Dolganov together with Yu. S. Grinevitsky.

Architectural ensemble of the estate

Church of the Holy Trinity

Temple Life-Giving Trinity in Ostankino - one of the oldest buildings preserved in the estate. In September 1678, according to the petition of Prince Mikhail of Cherkassy, ​​Patriarch Joakov blessed the construction of a stone church to replace the dilapidated wooden one. The construction of the temple was carried out from 1678 to 1683 according to the design of the serf architect Pavel Sidorovich Potekhin, slightly away from the old church, so as not to affect the cemetery located around it.

Front yard

A park

Today I’ll tell you about the Sheremetyevsky Palace in Ostankino. Unfortunately, the palace is currently being restored, so the photographs will contain scaffolding and other attributes of construction. The first photo shows a view of the palace and church from.

In the 16th century, the village of Ostankino near Moscow belonged to clerk Vasily Shchekalov, who in 1584 built a pond in this place, planted a grove, built a house and a church. Of all this, only the pond has survived to this day. Everything else was destroyed during the Time of Troubles. The estate was restored in the 17th century by Prince Cherkassky, to whom Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich granted these possessions. One of the heirs, the great-granddaughter of the prince, marries Count Sheremetyev and Ostankino becomes his property as a dowry. The estate acquired its present appearance in the 18th-19th centuries. The construction of the palace itself was completed in 1795.

View of the palace church and the Sheremetyevsky Palace, which is almost invisible behind the trees. from the side of the pond. The pond, as I noted in , is terribly dirty and requires cleaning.

Sheremetyevsky Palace, closed by scaffolding and a canopy. In front of him is the roadway - First Ostankino Street, which before the Bolshevik era was called Dvortsovaya.

Centaurs on the gates of the original palace fence:

The vases on the fence posts are also stylized as antique.

The central part of the palace, in the center there is a portico in the Corinthian order, on the sides - in the Attic order. There is a pseudo-antique statue in front of the palace.

The right wing of the palace with Doric columns. Thus, all ancient styles are used in the colonnade.

Utility outbuilding.

The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Ostankino, which belongs to the palace. Year of construction: 1692. It was built on the site of a wooden church. Subsequently it was rebuilt several times.

The church is incredibly beautiful. In beauty it is probably second only to St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square. All facades are decorated.

Fragments of the exterior decoration of the church: