He believed that the soul was dear. Six mysterious lines

Palm Cherub, Vasisdas and the Host Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wrote the novel “Eugene Onegin” from 1823 to 1831 and, as is known, became the creator of the Russian literary language. Language is a living and developing space. Is Pushkin’s language still understandable today? We guess the meaning of a number of words from the context, and not always correctly. For the poet’s birthday, we chose 10 words from the novel “Eugene Onegin”. Try to answer the question of what they mean before you look in the comment.

1. Joke

He had no desire to rummage
In chronological dust
History of the earth;
But days gone by jokes
From Romulus to the present day
He kept it in his memory.

(Chapter 1, VI)

The anecdote here is not at all a short story designed to make the interlocutor laugh, but simply an entertaining, interesting, fascinating story.

1. Note coquette

How early could he have disturbed
Hearts of coquettes notebooks!

(Chapter 1,XII)

In the text of the novel, “recorded” means “inveterate, notorious, generally recognized” (Dictionary of the language P. T. 2.S. 84). “Coquette of note” is an expression that had almost a terminological meaning.

3.Phoblas' student

(Chapter 1, XII)

Foblas- the hero of the novel by J.-B. Louvet de Couvray (1760-1797) “The Adventures of the Cavalier Faublas.” A common noun for a female seducer.

1. Bowl

Double carriage lights
Cheerful shed light
And they bring rainbows to the snow:
Dotted bowls all around
The magnificent house glitters;

(Chapter 1, XXVII)I

Bowls- flat saucers with lamps or candles mounted on them. Houses were illuminated with bowls placed along the eaves on holidays.

1. Vasisdas

And the baker, a neat German,
In a paper cap, more than once
Already opened his vasisdas.

(Chapter 1, XXXV)

Vasisdas(distorted French) - window, Germanism in French, here: a play on words between the meaning of the word “window” and the Russian slang nickname for a German: Wasistdas? - What is this? (German).

1. Disabled person

So definitely old disabled person
The diligent ear willingly inclines
The stories of young mustaches,
Forgotten in his hut.

(Chapter 2, XVIII)

Counting in love disabled,
Onegin listened with an important look,
How, loving confession of the heart,
The poet expressed himself;

(Chapter 2, XIX)

Disabled person in the language of the early 19th century. equal in content to the modern “veteran”.

1. Wafer

Chapter 2, XXXII)

Wafer- a circle of adhesive mass or glued paper that was used to seal envelopes.

1. Vessel of the Slanderer

He believed that his friends were ready
It is his honor to accept the shackles,
And that their hand will not tremble
Break the slanderer's vessel

(Chapter 2,VIII)

Vessel(church) here: weapons (cf.: Psalm, psalm 7, verse 14: “The vessels of death are prepared”), that is, Lensky believed that friends were ready to smash the weapons of slander.

1. Automedon

Because winters are sometimes cold
The ride is pleasant and easy.
Like a verse without a thought in a fashionable song
The winter road is smooth.
Automedons our strikers,
Our threes are tireless,
And miles, delighting the idle gaze,
They flash in your eyes like a fence...

(Chapter 7, XXXV)

Automedon is the driver of Achilles from Homer’s Iliad, here (ironically): cabman, coachman.

1. palm cherub

Prolasov was here, who deserved
Fame for the baseness of the soul,
Dulled in all albums,
St.-Priest, your pencils;
Another ballroom dictator is at the door
It stood like a magazine picture,
Blush like palm cherub

(Chapter 8, XXVI)

palm cherub - a figurine of an angel made of wax, which was sold at the “willow bazaars”.

We bring to your attention summary by chapter novel " Eugene Onegin» A.S. Pushkin.

Chapter 1.

Eugene Onegin, the “young rake”, goes to receive the inheritance he received from his uncle. The following is the biography of Evgeny Onegin:

« ...The fate of Eugene kept:
At first Madame followed him,
Then Monsieur replaced her;
The child was rough, but sweet...«

« ...When will the rebellious youth
The time has come for Evgeniy
It's time for hope and tender sadness,
Monsieur was driven out of the yard.
Here is my Onegin free;
Haircut in the latest fashion;
How dandy London is dressed -
And finally saw the light.
He's completely French
He could express himself and wrote;
I danced the mazurka easily
And he bowed casually;..«

« ...He had a lucky talent
No coercion in conversation
Touch everything lightly
With the learned air of a connoisseur
Remain silent in an important dispute
And make the ladies smile
By the fire of unexpected epigrams..."

« ... Scolded Homer, Theocritus;
But I read Adam Smith
And there was a deep economy...”

Of all the sciences, Onegin mastered the most " the science of tender passion«:
« ...How early could he be a hypocrite,
To harbor hope, to be jealous,
To dissuade, to make believe,
Seem gloomy, languish,
Be proud and obedient
Attentive or indifferent!
How languidly silent he was,
How fieryly eloquent
How careless in heartfelt letters!
Breathing alone, loving alone,
How he knew how to forget himself!
How quick and gentle his gaze was,
Shy and impudent, and sometimes
Shined with an obedient tear!..”

«. .. Sometimes he was still in bed,
They bring notes to him.
What? Invitations? Indeed?
Three houses for the evening call:
There will be a ball, there will be a children's party.
Where will my prankster ride?
Who will he start with? Doesn't matter:
It’s no wonder you can keep up everywhere..."

Onegin - " theater, an evil legislator, a fickle admirer of charming actresses, an honorary citizen of the backstage". After the theater, Onegin hurries home to change clothes. Pushkin describes Onegin’s office and his manner of dressing:

« ...Everything for a plentiful whim
London trades scrupulously
And on the Baltic waves
He brings us lard and timber,
Everything in Paris tastes hungry,
Having chosen a useful trade,
Invents for fun
For luxury, for fashionable bliss, -
Everything decorated the office
A philosopher at eighteen...«

« ...You can be a efficient person
And think about the beauty of nails:
Why argue fruitlessly with the century?
The custom is despot between people.
Second Chadayev, my Evgeniy,
Fearing jealous judgments,
There was a pedant in his clothes
And what we called dandy.
He's at least three o'clock
He spent in front of the mirrors...”

Having changed clothes, Onegin goes to the ball. Pushkin's judgment about balls and women's legs follows. The ball ends in the morning and Evgeny Onegin goes to bed. A lyrical digression follows about the life of business Petersburg. Immediately Pushkin asks himself whether his hero was happy with such a life:

« ...No: his feelings cooled down early;
He was tired of the noise of the world;
The beauties didn't last long
The subject of his usual thoughts;
The betrayals have become tiresome;
I'm tired of friends and friendship..."

Onegin is moping, growing cold towards life and towards women. He is trying to engage in literary work, but in order to compose he needs to work hard, which Onegin is not very attracted to. He's writing: " I read and read, but to no avail..."During this period, Pushkin met Onegin:

«… I liked his features
Involuntary devotion to dreams,
Inimitable strangeness
And a sharp, chilled mind…»

Together they are going to go on a journey, but Onegin’s father dies. After his death, all remaining assets are distributed to creditors. Then Onegin receives news that his uncle is dying. His uncle bequeathed his property to Onegin. Evgeny goes to say goodbye to his uncle, upset in advance by the upcoming boredom. But when he arrives, he finds him already dead.

« ...Here is our Onegin - a villager,
Factories, waters, forests, lands
The owner is complete, and until now
An enemy of order and a spendthrift,
And I’m very glad that the old path
Changed it to something..."

But soon rural life becomes boring for Onegin. But Pushkin likes it.

Chapter 2.

Onegin now decides to carry out a series of transformations in his village:

« ...He is the yoke of the ancient corvée
I replaced it with easy quitrent;
And the slave blessed fate...«

Onegin does not really like his neighbors, and therefore they stopped communicating with him. Soon, landowner Vladimir Lensky arrives at his estate, located next to Onegin’s lands.

«… Handsome man, in full bloom,
Kant's admirer and poet.
He's from foggy Germany
He brought the fruits of learning:
Freedom-loving dreams
The spirit is ardent and rather strange,
Always an enthusiastic speech
And shoulder-length black curls...«

Lensky was a romantic:

« ...He believed that the soul was dear
Must connect with him
That, despairingly languishing,
She waits for him every day;
He believed that his friends were ready
It's an honor to accept his shackles
And that their hand will not tremble
Break the slanderer's vessel...«

Lensky is received with pleasure in the area and is perceived as a groom. However, Lensky only communicates with pleasure with Evgeny Onegin.

« ...They got along. Wave and stone
Poetry and prose, ice and fire
Not so different from each other...«

«. ..Everything gave rise to disputes between them
And it led me to think:
Tribes of past treaties,
The fruits of science, good and evil,
And age-old prejudices,
And the grave secrets are fatal...«

Onegin and Lensky become friends " having nothing to do". They see each other every day. The Larins lived in these places. Vladimir, while still a teenager, was in love with Olga Larina. This is how Pushkin describes Olga:

« ...Always modest, always obedient,
Always cheerful like the morning,
How a poet's life is simple-minded,
How sweet is love's kiss,
Eyes like the sky blue;
Smile, flaxen curls,
Movements, voice, light stance -
Everything in Olga... but any novel
Take it and you will find it, right,
Her portrait: he is very cute,
I used to love him myself,
But he bored me immensely...«

Olga has an older sister, Tatyana. Pushkin describes Tatyana as follows:

« ...Dika, sad, silent,
Like a forest deer, timid,
She is in her own family
The girl seemed like a stranger.
She didn't know how to caress
To your father, nor to your mother;
Child herself, in a crowd of children
I didn’t want to play or jump
And often alone all day
I sat silently by the window...«

Tatyana loved to read novels, which were recommended to her by her relative Princess Alina. The following describes the story of Princess Alina. When she was a girl, she fell in love with a military man, but her parents married her off to someone else without her consent. The husband took Alina to the village, where she soon forgot her ardent love and enthusiastically took up housekeeping:

« ...A habit has been given to us from above:
She is a substitute for happiness...”

« ...They kept their lives peaceful
Habits of a dear old man;
At their Shrovetide
There were Russian pancakes;
Twice a year they fasted;
Loved the round swing
Podblyudny songs, round dance;
On Trinity Day, when people
Yawning, he listens to the prayer service,
Touchingly on the beam of dawn
They shed three tears;
They needed kvass like air,
And at their table there are guests
They carried dishes according to rank...«

Vladimir Lensky visits the grave of Olga's father. Writes "tombstone madrigal". The chapter ends with philosophical reflections on the change of generations.

Chapter 3.

Lensky begins to visit the Larins as often as possible. Ultimately, he spends all his free time with the Larins. Onegin asks Lensky to introduce him to Larin. Onegin is eagerly greeted and treated to food. Tatiana makes a great impression on Onegin. The neighbors around begin to spread rumors that Tatyana and Onegin will soon get married. Tatiana falls in love with Evgeniy:

«… The time has come, she fell in love...«

« ...Long-time heartache
Her young breasts were tight;
The soul was waiting... for someone,
and waited...«

Now, rereading the novels, Tatyana imagines herself as one of the heroines. Acting according to the stereotype, he is going to write a letter to his lover. But Onegin has long ceased to be a romantic:

«. ..Tatiana, dear Tatiana!
With you now I shed tears;
You're in the hands of a fashionable tyrant
I've already given up my fate...«

One night Tatyana and the nanny started talking about antiquity. And then Tatyana admits that she fell in love. But she did not reveal her lover’s name:

«… Tatiana loves seriously
And he surrenders unconditionally
Love like a sweet child.
She doesn’t say: let’s put it aside -
We will multiply the price of love,
Or rather, let’s start it online;
First vanity is stabbed
Hope, there is bewilderment
We'll torture our hearts, and then
We will revive the jealous with fire;
And then, bored with pleasure,
The slave is cunning from the shackles
Ready to break out at all times…»

Tatyana decides to write a frank letter to Onegin. He writes in French, because... " she didn't speak Russian well«.

Tatiana's letter to Onegin(P.S. Usually this passage is asked to be learned by heart)

« ...I’m writing to you - what more?
What more can I say?
Now I know it's in your will
Punish me with contempt.
But you, to my unfortunate fate
Keeping at least a drop of pity,
You won't leave me.
At first I wanted to remain silent;
Believe me: my shame
You would never know
If only I had hope
At least rarely, at least once a week
To see you in our village,
Just to hear your speeches,
Say your word, and then
Think everything, think about one thing
And day and night until we meet again.
But they say you are unsociable;
In the wilderness, in the village, everything is boring for you,
And we... we don’t shine with anything,
Even though you are welcome in a simple-minded way.
Why did you visit us?
In the wilderness of a forgotten village
I would never have known you
I wouldn't know bitter torment.
Souls of inexperienced excitement
Having come to terms with time (who knows?),
I would find a friend after my heart,
If only I had a faithful wife
And a virtuous mother.
Another!.. No, no one in the world
I wouldn't give my heart!
It is destined in the highest council...
That is the will of heaven: I am yours;
My whole life was a pledge
The faithful's meeting with you;
I know you were sent to me by God,
Until the grave you are my keeper...
You appeared in my dreams,
Invisible, you were already dear to me,
Your wonderful gaze tormented me,
Your voice was heard in my soul
A long time ago... no, it was not a dream!
You barely walked in, I instantly recognized
Everything was stupefied, on fire
And in my thoughts I said: here he is!
Isn't it true? I heard you:
You spoke to me in silence
When I helped the poor
Or she delighted me with prayer
The longing of a worried soul?
And at this very moment
Isn't it you, sweet vision,
Flashed in the transparent darkness,
Quietly leaning against the headboard?
Isn’t it you, with joy and love,
Did you whisper words of hope to me?
Who are you, my guardian angel
Or the insidious tempter:
Resolve my doubts.
Maybe it's all empty
Deception of an inexperienced soul!
And something completely different is destined...
But so be it! my destiny
From now on I give you
I shed tears before you,
I beg your protection...
Imagine: I'm here alone,
Nobody understands me,
My mind is exhausted
And I must die in silence.
I'm waiting for you: with one glance
Revive the hopes of your heart
Or break the heavy dream,
Alas, a well-deserved reproach!
I'm cumming! It's scary to read...
I freeze with shame and fear...
But your honor is my guarantee,
And I boldly entrust myself to her..."

In the morning, Tatyana asks the nanny to send this letter to Onegin. Two days pass. But there is no news from Onegin. Lensky arrives without Evgeniy. He assures that Onegin promised to come this evening. Tatyana is convinced of the correctness of Lensky’s words when she sees Onegin approaching. She gets scared and runs into the garden, where the maids are picking berries and singing a folk song.

Chapter 4.

Having received a sincere letter from Tatyana, Onegin considers it right to explain himself to the girl just as sincerely. He does not want to deceive a pure soul. He believes that over time he will get bored with Tatyana, that he will not be able to repay her with fidelity and be an honest husband.

« ...Whenever life is at home
I wanted to limit;
When would I be a father, a husband?
A pleasant lot has decreed;
When would a family picture
I was captivated at least for a single moment, -
That would be true, except for you alone,
I was looking for no other bride.
I will say without madrigal sparkles:
Found my former ideal,
I would probably choose you alone
To the friends of my sad days,
All the best as a pledge,
And I would be happy... as much as I could!
But I am not made for bliss;
My soul is alien to him;
Your perfections are in vain:
I am not worthy of them at all.
Believe me (conscience is a guarantee),
Marriage will be torment for us.
No matter how much I love you,
Having gotten used to it, I immediately stop loving it;
You start crying: your tears
My heart will not be touched
And they will only infuriate him...«

« ...Learn to control yourself:
Not everyone will understand you like I do;
Inexperience leads to disaster...»

Tatyana listens to Onegin's confession " barely breathing, no objections". A lyrical digression follows about relatives and friends who remember you only on holidays, about loving but fickle women. To the question “ Whom to love? Who to believe?", Pushkin answers the following: " Without wasting your labors in vain, love yourself". After an explanation with Onegin, Tatyana falls into melancholy.

Meanwhile, a romance develops in the most happy way between Olga Larina and Vladimir Lensky. There follows a lyrical digression about poems in ladies' albums and Pushkin's attitude towards them.

Onegin lives carefree in the village. Autumn passes, winter comes. A lyrical digression follows a description of autumn and the beginning of winter. Lensky has dinner at Onegin's, admires Olga and invites Onegin to Tatyana's name day at the Larins'. Lensky and Olga are due to get married soon. The wedding day has been set.

Chapter 5.

The chapter begins with a description of winter nature.

« ...Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On the firewood he renews the path;
His horse smells the snow,
Trotting along somehow...«

It's time for fortune telling.

« ...Tatyana believed the legends
Of common folk antiquity,
And dreams, and card fortune-telling,
And the predictions of the moon...«

That night Tatyana has a dream. Tatyana Larina's dream:

She walks through the clearing. He sees a stream in front of him. but to cross it, you need to walk along rickety footbridges. She is scared. Suddenly a bear crawls out from under the snow and extends a helping paw to her. She crosses the stream, leaning on the bear's paw. Tatiana follows into the forest. The same bear is following her. She gets scared, gets very tired and falls into the snow. The bear picks her up and takes her to his godfather’s hut. Through the crack, Tatyana sees Onegin sitting at the table. Monsters surround him on all sides. Tatiana opens the door to the room. But because of the draft, all the candles are blown out. Tatiana tries to escape. But monsters surround her and block her path. Then Onegin defends the girl: “ My! - Evgeny said menacingly..."The monsters disappear. Onegin sits Tatiana on a bench and lowers his head onto her shoulder. Then Olga and Lensky enter the room. Suddenly, Onegin pulls out a knife and kills Lensky.

Tatyana wakes up from such a nightmare. She tries to unravel the bad dream, but she fails.

Guests arrive for the name day: the fat Pustyakovs; landowner Gvozdin, " owner of poor men"; the Skotinina spouses with children of all ages (from 2 to 13 years); " district dandy Petushkov"; Monsieur Triquet, " wit, recently from Tambov“, who brings congratulatory poems to Tatiana; company commander, " mature young ladies idol". Guests are invited to the table. Lensky and Onegin arrive. Tatyana is embarrassed, ready to faint, but pulls herself together. Onegin, terribly unloving " tragic-nervous phenomena“, as well as provincial feasts, is angry with Lensky, who persuaded him to go to the Larins on Tatiana’s day. After dinner, the guests sit down to play cards, while others decide to start dancing. Onegin, angry with Lensky, decides to take revenge on him and, out of spite, constantly invites Olga, whispers in her ear “ some vulgar madrigal". Olga refuses Lensky to dance because... By the end of the ball she had already promised them all to Onegin. Lensky leaves, having decided to challenge Onegin to a duel.

Chapter 6.

After the ball, Onegin returns home. The rest of the guests stay with the Larins. Here Zaretsky comes to Onegin, “ once a brawler, a chieftain of a gambling gang, the head of a rake, a tavern tribune". He gives Onegin a note with a challenge to a duel from Vladimir Lensky. Evgeniy replies “ Always ready!“, but in his heart he regrets that he provoked his young friend to righteous anger and feelings of jealousy. However, Onegin is afraid of gossip that will spread " old duelist"Zaretsky, if Onegin shows himself" not a ball of prejudice, not an ardent boy, a fighter, but a husband with honor and intelligence". Before the duel, Lensky meets with Olga. She shows no change in their relationship. Returning home, Lensky checks the pistols, reads Schiller, “ dark and dull"Writes love poems. The duel was supposed to take place in the morning. Onegin wakes up and is therefore late. Zaretsky is surprised when he sees that Onegin comes to the duel without seconds and generally breaks all the rules of the duel. Onegin introduces his French footman as a second: “ Although he is an unknown person, he is, of course, an honest fellow.". Onegin shoots and " the poet silently drops the gun". Onegin is horrified by what happened. His conscience is tormenting him. Pushkin reflects on how everything would have turned out if Lensky had not been killed in a duel. Perhaps Lensky would have become a great poet, or perhaps an ordinary villager. At the end of the chapter, Pushkin sums up his poetic fate.

Chapter 7.

The chapter begins with a description of spring nature. Everyone has already forgotten about Lensky. Olga married a lancer and went with him to the regiment. After her sister’s departure, Tatyana remembers Onegin more and more often. She visits his house and his office. Reads his books with his notes. She sees a portrait of Lord Byron and a cast iron statue of Napoleon. She begins to understand Onegin's way of thinking.

«. ..The eccentric is sad and dangerous,
The creation of hell or heaven,
This angel, this arrogant demon,
What is he? Is it really imitation?
An insignificant ghost, or else
Muscovite in Harold's cloak,
interpretation of other people's whims,
A complete vocabulary of fashion words?..
Isn't he a parody?..«

Tatyana's mother decides to go to Moscow in winter for the “bride fair”, because... believes that the time has come to decide Tatiana’s fate and marry her off. A lyrical digression follows about bad Russian roads, Moscow is described. In Moscow, the Larins stay with a relative of Alina and “ Tanya is taken to family dinners every day". In relatives " no change visible«:

« ... Everything about them is the same as the old model:
At Aunt Princess Elena's
Still the same tulle cap;
Everything is whitewashed Lukerya Lvovna,
Lyubov Petrovna lies all the same,
Ivan Petrovich is just as stupid
Semyon Petrovich is also stingy...»

Tatyana does not tell anyone about her unrequited love for Eugene Onegin. She is burdened by the metropolitan lifestyle. She doesn’t like balls, the need to communicate with many people and listen to “ vulgar nonsense"Moscow relatives. She is uncomfortable and wants the old village solitude. Finally, an important general pays attention to Tatyana. At the end of the chapter, the author gives an introduction to the novel.

Chapter 8.

The chapter begins with a lyrical digression about poetry, about the muse and about the poetic fate of Pushkin. Further, at one of the receptions, Pushkin meets Onegin again:

« ...Onegin (I’ll take up him again),
Having killed a friend in a duel,
Having lived without a goal, without work
Until twenty-six years old,
Languishing in idle leisure
Without work, without wife, without business,
I couldn’t do anything...«

Onegin traveled for some time. Returning, he went to the ball, where he met a lady who seemed familiar to him:

« ...She was leisurely,
Not cold, not talkative,
Without an insolent look for everyone,
Without pretensions to success,
Without these little antics,
No imitative ideas...
Everything was quiet, it was just there...«

Onegin asks the prince who this lady is. The prince replies that this is his wife, whose maiden name is Larina Tatyana. The friend and prince introduces Onegin to his wife. Tatyana does not reveal anything about her feelings or her previous acquaintance with Evgeniy. She asks Onegin: “ How long has he been here, where is he from? And isn’t it from their side?” Onegin is amazed by such changes in the once open and frank Tatyana. He leaves the reception thoughtfully:

« ... Is it really the same Tatyana,
which he is alone with,
At the beginning of our romance,
In the remote, distant side,
In the good heat of moralizing
I once read instructions,
The one from whom he keeps
A letter where the heart speaks
Where everything is outside, everything is free,
That girl... is this a dream?..
The girl he
Neglected in humble fate,
Was she really with him now?
So indifferent, so brave?..«

The prince invites Onegin to his place for the evening, where he gathers the color of the capital, and the nobility, and fashion models, faces encountered everywhere, necessary fools.” Onegin accepts the invitation and is once again surprised by the changes in Tatyana. She is now " legislator hall". Onegin falls seriously in love, begins to court Tatyana and follows her everywhere. But Tatyana is indifferent. Onegin writes a letter to Tatyana in which he sincerely repents of his former fear of losing " hateful freedom«. Onegin's letter to Tatiana:

« I foresee everything: you will be insulted
An explanation for the sad mystery.
What bitter contempt
Your proud look will portray!
What I want? for what purpose
Will I open my soul to you?
What evil fun
Perhaps I’m giving a reason!
Once I met you by chance,
Noticing a spark of tenderness in you,
I didn’t dare believe her:
I didn’t give in to my dear habit;
Your hateful freedom
I didn't want to lose.
One more thing separated us...
Lensky fell an unfortunate victim...
From everything that is dear to the heart,
Then I tore my heart out;
Stranger to everyone, not bound by anything,
I thought: freedom and peace
Substitute for happiness. My God!
How wrong I was, how I was punished...
No, I see you every minute
Follow you everywhere
A smile of the mouth, a movement of the eyes
To catch with loving eyes,
Listen to you for a long time, understand
Your soul is all your perfection,
To freeze in agony before you,
To turn pale and fade away... what bliss!
And I am deprived of this: for you
I wander everywhere at random;
The day is dear to me, the hour is dear to me:
And I spend it in vain boredom
Days counted down by fate.
And they are so painful.
I know: my life has already been measured;
But so that my life may last,
I have to be sure in the morning
That I will see you this afternoon...
I'm afraid, in my humble prayer
Your stern gaze will see
The undertakings of despicable cunning -
And I hear your angry reproach.
If only you knew how terrible
To yearn for love,
Blaze - and mind all the time
To subdue the excitement in the blood;
Want to hug your knees
And, bursting into tears, at your feet
Pour out prayers, confessions, penalties,
Everything, everything that I could express,
Meanwhile, with feigned coldness
Arm both speech and gaze,
Have a calm conversation
Look at you with a cheerful look!..
But so be it: I’m on my own
I can no longer resist;
Everything is decided: I am in your will,
And I surrender to my fate...«

However, Tatyana did not respond to this letter. she is still cold and unapproachable. Onegin is overcome by blues, he stops attending social gatherings and entertainment, constantly reads, but all his thoughts still revolve around the image of Tatyana. Onegin " almost went crazy, or didn’t become a poet"(i.e. romantic). One spring, Evgeny goes to Tatiana’s house and finds her alone in tears reading his letter:

« Oh, who would silence her suffering
I didn’t read it in this quick moment!
Who is the old Tanya, poor Tanya
Now I wouldn’t recognize the princess!
In the anguish of insane regrets
Evgeniy fell at her feet;
She shuddered and remained silent
And he looks at Onegin
No surprise, no anger…»

Tatyana decides to explain herself to Onegin. She remembers Onegin's confession once in the garden (chapter 4). She does not believe that Onegin is to blame for anything. Moreover, she finds that Onegin then acted nobly with her. She understands that Onegin is in love with her because now she rich and noble", and if Onegin manages to conquer her, then in the eyes of the world this victory will bring him " tempting honor". Tatiana assures Evgeniy that “ masquerade rags"and secular luxury do not appeal to her, she would gladly exchange her current position for " those places where for the first time, Onegin, I saw you". Tatyana asks Evgeny not to pursue her anymore, since she intends to continue to remain faithful to her husband, despite her love for Onegin. With these words, Tatyana leaves. Her husband appears.

That's how it is summary novel " Eugene Onegin«

Happy studying!

Re-reading individual chapters of Eugene Onegin, I became interested in the lines in the 2nd chapter, VII stanza of the novel, where the poet semi-ironically writes about Lensky, a young romantic dreamer who fervently believed in the kinship of souls and the strength of friendly ties. The full stanza goes like this:

He believed that his soul was dear

Must connect with him;

What is hopelessly languishing

She waits for him every day;

He believed that his friends were ready

It is an honor to accept his shackles,

And that their hand will not tremble

Break the slanderer's vessel;

That there are those chosen by fate

Sacred friends of people,

That their immortal family

Irresistible rays

Someday it will dawn on us

And the world will be blessed.

The six lines I have highlighted are mysterious and beautiful. To better understand the poet’s thoughts, I had to turn to the draft versions - early and late:

That few are chosen by the Fates

That life is their best gift from Heaven

And the hearts have an incorruptible heat

And the genius of power over minds

Dedicated to love and goodness

And strength is equal in valor.

What are those chosen by fate?

That their life is heaven's best gift

And the incorruptible heat of thoughts

And the genius of power over minds

Dedicated to the good of people

And valiantly equal to glory.

Pushkin scholars explain these six lines in different ways. Yu.N. Tynyanov compares them with the poem “Poets” by V. K. Kuchelbecker (1820). There is some basis for this: the poem says that Kronion, the lord of heaven, seeing the suffering of fallen humanity, sends poets to earth who must be born again among people and save humanity; they are called upon to turn people's gaze to the divine world.

Manuscript page of the 2nd chapter of “Eugene Onegin”

Yu.M. Lotman considers this comparison incorrect. Here, in his opinion, Pushkin deliberately writes vaguely about his Decembrist friends. Six lines of stanza VIII were published only once during the poet’s lifetime - in the almanac “Northern Flowers” ​​in 1825, but in two separate editions of the novel, in 1833 and 1837, the lines are missing. Instead of them, Pushkin put five rows of dots after the line: “That there are those chosen by fate.” V. Koshelev believes that the end of the stanza is the beginning of an unknown controversy.

Pushkin's poetry has many meanings. Its musical graceful form often hides several artistic and philosophical levels of content, together representing an indissoluble unity. Often researchers, understanding the complexity of Pushkin’s poetry, begin to study only its immediate levels, since they are often multi-component and polysemantic. The Russian philosopher S.L. Frank wrote beautifully about this feature of Pushkin’s poetic heritage.

But let’s try to understand the immediate meaning of the mysterious lines, connect their various variants and read the exciting news (albeit shaded by the poet’s slight irony, but therefore no less lively and joyful):

— There are patron saints of humanity in the world.

- They are few.

- They were chosen by High Predestination.

- Their life is a gift from Heaven (space) to Earth, their fiery, incorruptible hearts and thoughts, their Highest Gifts, which have an influence on minds, are dedicated to goodness, love for people, equally powerful and valiant.

— The chosen ones are connected by bonds of spiritual kinship, therefore together they form a single family.

“This family is immortal because it lives according to cosmic laws.

“The Chosen Ones have rays so powerful that they cannot be reflected or evaded.

“The time will come when the chosen ones will illuminate humanity with irresistible rays and give the world the highest happiness.

What did Pushkin want to tell the world with these lines? Did he believe in the existence of the Immortal Family? If this is the beginning of a controversy, then about what and with whom?

1.1.3. Compare this fragment of the novel by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” with the fragment below from the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”. What conclusions did this comparison lead you to?

1.2.3. Compare the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “Duma” with the poem of the same name given below by N. A. Nekrasov. What conclusions did this comparison lead you to?

Read the fragments of the works below and complete task 1.1.3.

A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”

**********************************

Grushnitsky is a cadet. He has only been in the service for a year, and wears, out of a special kind of dandyism, a thick soldier’s overcoat. He has a soldier's cross of St. George. He is well built, dark and black-haired; he looks like he might be twenty-five years old, although he is hardly twenty-one. He throws his head back when he speaks and constantly twirls his mustache with his left hand, because he leans on a crutch with his right. He speaks quickly and pretentiously: he is one of those people who have ready-made pompous phrases for all occasions, who are not touched by simply beautiful things and who are solemnly draped in extraordinary feelings, sublime passions and exceptional suffering. To produce an effect is their delight; Romantic provincial women like them crazy. In old age they become either peaceful landowners or drunkards - sometimes both. There are often many good qualities in their souls, but not a penny of poetry. Grushnitsky had a passion for declaiming: he bombarded you with words as soon as the conversation left the circle of ordinary concepts; I could never argue with him. He doesn't respond to your objections, he doesn't listen to you. As soon as you stop, he begins a long tirade, apparently having some connection with what you said, but which in fact is only a continuation of his own speech.

He is quite sharp: his epigrams are often funny, but they are never pointed or evil: he will not kill anyone with one word; he does not know people and their weak strings, because his whole life he has been focused on himself. His goal is to become the hero of a novel. He tried so often to convince others that he was a being not created for the world, doomed to some kind of secret suffering, that he himself was almost convinced of it. That’s why he wears his thick soldier’s overcoat so proudly. I understood him, and he doesn’t love me for this, although outwardly we are on the most friendly terms. Grushnitsky is reputed to be an excellent brave man; I saw him in action; he waves his saber, shouts and rushes forward, closing his eyes. This is something not Russian courage!..

I don’t like him either: I feel that someday we will collide with him on a narrow road, and one of us will be in trouble.

His arrival in the Caucasus is also a consequence of his romantic fanaticism: I am sure that on the eve of leaving his father’s village he said with a gloomy look to some pretty neighbor that he was not going just to serve, but that he was looking for death because... Here, he probably covered his eyes with his hand and continued like this: “No, you (or you) shouldn’t know this! Your pure soul will tremble! And why? What am I to you! Will you understand me? - and so on. He himself told me that the reason that prompted him to join the K. regiment would remain an eternal secret between him and heaven.

M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”

Read the works below and complete task 1.2.3.

Explanation.

1.1.3. Between Grushnitsky and Lensky one can easily detect striking similarities. “To produce an effect is their delight; Romantic provincial women like them crazy. In old age they become either peaceful landowners or drunkards - sometimes both,” Lermontov writes about his hero. And then the lines are even more significant: “His goal is to become the hero of a novel. He tried so often to convince others that he was a being not created for the world, doomed to some kind of secret suffering, that he himself was almost convinced of it.”

In “Eugene Onegin” we read about Lensky:

Indignation, regret,

For good, pure love

And glory is sweet torment

His blood was stirred early.

Similar? Without a doubt!

Both Grushnitsky and Lensky are more like spectators than participants in the life swirling around them; they have no future, they only help to reveal a different, more significant character. Therefore, their fate is sealed.

1.2.3. The central idea of ​​both poems is a condemnation of the spiritual apathy of a generation unable to “guess” its destiny and find high civil and moral ideals. Lermontov condemns his generation for the insignificance of an aimless existence:

And we hate and we love by chance,

Without sacrificing anything, neither anger nor love,

And some secret cold reigns in the soul,

When fire boils in the blood.

Nekrasov calls on you to come to your senses, remember the great destiny of man and boldly take the path of struggle:

Why murmur about suffering,

Why on a dark path

A rebellious life without grumbling,

Don’t go with the same courage...

Lermontov's poem sounds hopelessness, disbelief that changes are possible, that there are forces that can change something. Nekrasov still notes the positive aspects of his generation:

Don't we often walk with courage?

Through swampy tundras and mountains,

When at least the whole world is good

Do we think we can find behind them?

Therefore Nekrasov believes:

And conquer earthly grief

We have been given enough power.

He believed that his soul was dear
Must connect with him
That, despairingly languishing,
She waits for him every day;
He believed that his friends were ready
It is his honor to accept the shackles,
And that their hand will not tremble
Break the slanderer's vessel;
That there are those chosen by fate,
People's sacred friends;
That their immortal family
Irresistible rays
Someday it will dawn on us
And the world will be blessed.

A presentiment of love, faith in friends, expectation of a great career - these, in fact, are all Lensky’s “gifts”, typical virtues of youth, with which Onegin allowed himself to be interested here, in the village, in the wilderness.

(And who could resist? It’s tempting, after all, to bring together in a conversation the real passions of a young man with his stylized ghosts of irrevocable days, so that the “old fervor of feelings” would piquantly “take possession of him for a minute”...)

And further. About the meaning of the last six lines of the stanza. To us, spontaneous sociologists, of course, it seems that Lotman is right, and these lines are about the Korbanarii - but look, in the sixth chapter, describing the death of Lensky, Pushkin again cites the “full vocabulary” of his soul, so what? This is not a revolution, - poetry filled the soul of the unfortunate young man:
“And you, cherished dreams,
You, ghost of unearthly life,
You, holy dreams of poetry!
(6 chapter XXXVI),
Echoing the stanza in question - also at its end, after “love”, but in open text, without the possibility of discrepancies: poetry.