The main works of Leo Tolstoy. Literary educational program. The most famous works of Leo Tolstoy. Conversion

Since our youth, we have been analyzing the feelings of Andrei Bolkonsky under the sky of Austerlitz, writing an essay on the topic “Female images in the novel War and Peace,” sighing heavily over episodes of philosophical reflections by Pierre Bezukhov and leafing through French speech. But Leo Tolstoy is not only a boring, drawn-out “War and Peace” and “Anna Karenina” that was misunderstood in adolescence. In his bibliography you can find pearl books of Russian classics and heroes who are transformed before our eyes and find themselves.

Tolstoy is a master of words, a genius of the Russian soul and a literary pillar of both his and our time. Lev Nikolaevich's books are sincere, direct, truthful and firm. They are about Russia, about the pain of the Russian people, about passionate experiences and, most importantly, people. This is exactly the classic you want to read.

Forget about Pierre and Natasha, take any book from our top and then, I assure you, you will completely change your opinion about the work, without exaggeration, of the outstanding L.N. Tolstoy.

"Childhood. Adolescence. Youth"

How would it be fashionable now to call the trilogy “Childhood. Adolescence. Youth” tells us about Nikolenka Irtenyev’s growing up. The first story touches the childhood poetry of a boy completely immersed in his inner world of a dreamer. He analyzes himself, keenly notices everything that happens in life, worries about his own loneliness, although he is in the circle of friends and relatives.

The second part is about formation, about internal crisis and spiritual rebirth and the search for truth, truth. And it’s interesting to follow the hero’s growth, because Nikolenka has already become close to us, we love him. “Youth” greets us with certainty, we see that Irtenyev chose his own path, was able to find himself in a world full of worries, and now he can completely devote himself to the desire to walk honestly, without paying attention to anything, his life path.

The stories are largely autobiographical, copied from Tolstoy himself, but, of course, in many ways the author relied on the stories of loved ones in order to recreate that atmosphere of growing up with his family. And it’s very difficult to stop reading, because you are completely immersed in this world of L.N.’s childhood. Tolstoy.

"Resurrection"

A bright, powerful and revealing novel by Tolstoy, in which he talks about the terrible injustice of the judicial system, about the peasantry, hypocrisy and poverty. Heavy and harsh, this work was subjected to the strictest censorship, it was cut and published in parts, because against the backdrop of the development of the main storylines, we are shown both the bright, brilliant atmosphere of the dull and skeletal nobility and the truthful life of a simple Russian peasant.

There are two main characters here: Katyusha Maslova, unfairly punished due to a mistake, and the nobleman Nekhlyudov. Together, although in different ways, they go through mental suffering and change internally. Fate links their lives together in a completely random way, and we get a great story that opens our eyes to the lives of people of that time.

"After the ball"

The works of Leo Tolstoy are always about the search for morality. And the story “After the Ball” is no exception. Rather, he emphasizes even more strongly the main leitmotif of the writer’s work.

Ivan Vasilyevich, the main character, is passionately and deeply in love with the daughter of the colonel, a stately aristocrat with impeccable manners, Varenka.

But one scene ruins everything, tears apart a wonderful feeling, changes Ivan Vasilyevich’s attitude towards both Varenka and the colonel. Because his moral guidelines, his soul, cannot survive the cruelty that he encountered, which he saw in Varya’s father, in the good-natured Colonel Pyotr Vladislavovich.

"Prisoner of the Caucasus"

Zhilin, a Russian officer, an honest man with self-respect, goes to visit his mother and along the way he meets another officer - Kostylin. They continue their journey together and then they meet mountaineers with clearly bad intentions. Zilina's new acquaintance escapes, abandons his comrade to the mercy of fate, and our brave hero is captured by the Tatars. However, Kostylin faces the same fate. And the two officers meet as prisoners in an old barn.

Leo Tolstoy describes two completely different characters. Zhilin is brave in spirit, honest and self-confident, and Kostylin is cowardly, lacking initiative and weak. The author contrasts the officers with each other and reveals them using the difficult conditions of captivity. And all this against the backdrop of the Caucasian War. It’s interesting to read, because here there is something to think about, because you should never lose heart, no matter how terrible the world around you may seem.

"Family happiness"

Family is a spiritual connection between two people, and Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy speaks about this more than once in his work, because this topic is as important to him as the moral development of a person. In the novel “Family Happiness,” he writes about the importance of family relationships, the intimacy between spouses, and how love transforms and becomes something more than just a union of two people in love.

Masha and her sister Sonya were left orphans. For young Maria, the death of her mother became a great test, because all her hopes were destroyed. It was in this year that she had to move from the village to the city, go out into the world and learn the joy of love and courtship. The girl gives up all her classes and completely surrenders to the blues until their guardian, Sergei Mikhailovich, appears on the threshold of the orphanage. His arrival completely changes Mashenka, she returns to playing music, studies and falls in love with the sedate Sergei Mikhailovich. But the novel does not end there, because our heroes have a long way to go on the path to quiet family happiness.

"Kreutzer Sonata"

Tolstoy’s work “The Kreutzer Sonata,” interesting in its ambiguity, was banned from publication by censorship. And only thanks to Sophia, the writer’s wife, did she see the light of day in the collected works.

Pozdnyshev, the main character, is ambiguous in his moral character; his beliefs, expressed with passion, seem strange and dual. He enters into an argument about love and marriage, having his own opinion, supported by the heavy drama of life.

This is a story about burning jealousy, marriage, and, oddly enough, love. After all, in the book the lives of people who make each other unhappy unfold before us. And the most interesting thing is that the author himself expresses his opinion, which can be seen in Pozdnyshev’s words. Tolstoy believes that false generally accepted morality is to blame for everything and speaks about his views on the relationship between a man and a woman, but what will you think after reading “The Kreutzer Sonata”?

"The Death of Ivan Ilyich"

Ivan Ilyich is an ordinary person, even mediocre, there are many like him and there is nothing in him that would make him stand out among the diverse crowd. And only on the threshold of death does our hero understand that his life was not lived like that, one might even say lived in vain. He put off too much, endured too much, and didn't do what he really wanted to do.

Tolstoy in his story talks about the mental suffering that a person on the verge of death can endure, because it is at this moment that he, a person, realizes and rethinks all his actions, every step he takes. But nothing can be changed. It’s just painful to worry about how aimlessly the days passed, in which there was no joy, no friends and no true unity with the world.

Don’t put off reading Leo Tolstoy’s book “The Death of Ivan Ilyich,” because it will help you learn from someone else’s mistake and fully understand the meaning of the phrase “tomorrow may really never come.”

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich
(09.09.1828 - 20.11.1910).

Born in the Yasnaya Polyana estate. Among the writer's paternal ancestors is an associate of Peter I - P. A. Tolstoy, one of the first in Russia to receive the title of count. A participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 was the father of the writer, Count. N.I. Tolstoy. On his mother's side, Tolstoy belonged to the family of the Bolkonsky princes, related by kinship to the Trubetskoy, Golitsyn, Odoevsky, Lykov and other noble families. On his mother's side, Tolstoy was a relative of A.S. Pushkin.
When Tolstoy was in his ninth year, his father took him to Moscow for the first time, the impressions of his meeting with which were vividly conveyed by the future writer in his children's essay "The Kremlin." Moscow is here called “the greatest and most populous city in Europe,” the walls of which “saw the shame and defeat of Napoleon’s invincible regiments.” The first period of young Tolstoy's Moscow life lasted less than four years. He was orphaned early, losing first his mother and then his father. With his sister and three brothers, young Tolstoy moved to Kazan. One of my father’s sisters lived here and became their guardian.
Living in Kazan, Tolstoy spent two and a half years preparing to enter the university, where he studied from 1844, first at the Oriental Faculty and then at the Faculty of Law. He studied Turkish and Tatar languages ​​from the famous Turkologist Professor Kazembek. In his mature years, the writer was fluent in English, French and German; read in Italian, Polish, Czech and Serbian; knew Greek, Latin, Ukrainian, Tatar, Church Slavonic; studied Hebrew, Turkish, Dutch, Bulgarian and other languages.
Classes on government programs and textbooks weighed heavily on Tolstoy the student. He became interested in independent work on a historical topic and, leaving the university, left Kazan for Yasnaya Polyana, which he received through the division of his father's inheritance. Then he went to Moscow, where at the end of 1850 his writing began: an unfinished story from gypsy life (the manuscript has not survived) and a description of one day he lived (“The History of Yesterday”). At the same time, the story “Childhood” was begun. Soon Tolstoy decided to go to the Caucasus, where his older brother, Nikolai Nikolaevich, an artillery officer, served in the active army. Having entered the army as a cadet, he later passed the exam for junior officer rank. The writer's impressions of the Caucasian War were reflected in the stories "Raid" (1853), "Cutting Wood" (1855), "Demoted" (1856), and in the story "Cossacks" (1852-1863). In the Caucasus, the story “Childhood” was completed, published in 1852 in the magazine “Sovremennik”.

When the Crimean War began, Tolstoy was transferred from the Caucasus to the Danube Army, which was operating against the Turks, and then to Sevastopol, which was besieged by the combined forces of England, France and Turkey. Commanding the battery on the 4th bastion, Tolstoy was awarded the Order of Anna and the medals “For the Defense of Sevastopol” and “In Memory of the War of 1853-1856.” More than once Tolstoy was nominated for the military Cross of St. George, but he never received the “George.” In the army, Tolstoy wrote a number of projects - about the reformation of artillery batteries and the creation of artillery battalions armed with rifled guns, about the reformation of the entire Russian army. Together with a group of officers of the Crimean Army, Tolstoy intended to publish the magazine "Soldier's Bulletin" ("Military Leaflet"), but its publication was not authorized by Emperor Nicholas I.
In the fall of 1856, he retired and soon went on a six-month trip abroad, visiting France, Switzerland, Italy and Germany. In 1859, Tolstoy opened a school for peasant children in Yasnaya Polyana, and then helped open more than 20 schools in the surrounding villages. To direct their activities along the right path, from his point of view, he published the pedagogical magazine Yasnaya Polyana (1862). In order to study the organization of school affairs in foreign countries, the writer went abroad for the second time in 1860.
After the manifesto of 1861, Tolstoy became one of the world mediators of the first call who sought to help peasants resolve their disputes with landowners about land. Soon in Yasnaya Polyana, when Tolstoy was away, the gendarmes carried out a search in search of a secret printing house, which the writer allegedly opened after communicating with A. I. Herzen in London. Tolstoy had to close the school and stop publishing the pedagogical magazine. In total, he wrote eleven articles on school and pedagogy (“On Public Education”, “Upbringing and Education”, “On Social Activities in the Field of Public Education” and others). In them, he described in detail the experience of his work with students (“Yasnaya Polyana school for the months of November and December”, “On methods of teaching literacy”, “Who should learn to write from whom, the peasant children from us or us from the peasant children”). Tolstoy the teacher demanded that school be brought closer to life, sought to put it at the service of the needs of the people, and for this to intensify the processes of learning and upbringing, and develop the creative abilities of children.
At the same time, already at the beginning of his creative career, Tolstoy becomes a supervised writer. Some of the writer's first works were the stories "Childhood", "Adolescence" and "Youth", "Youth" (which, however, was not written). According to the author's plan, they were supposed to compose the novel "Four Epochs of Development."
In the early 1860s. For decades, the order of Tolstoy’s life, his way of life, is established. In 1862, he married the daughter of a Moscow doctor, Sofya Andreevna Bers.
The writer is working on the novel "War and Peace" (1863-1869). Having completed War and Peace, Tolstoy spent several years studying materials about Peter I and his time. However, after writing several chapters of Peter’s novel, Tolstoy abandoned his plan. In the early 1870s. The writer was again fascinated by pedagogy. He put a lot of work into the creation of the ABC, and then the New ABC. At the same time, he compiled “Books for Reading”, where he included many of his stories.
In the spring of 1873, Tolstoy began and four years later completed work on a great novel about modernity, calling it after the name of the main character - Anna Karenina.
The spiritual crisis experienced by Tolstoy at the end of 1870 - beginning. 1880, ended with a turning point in his worldview. In “Confession” (1879-1882), the writer talks about a revolution in his views, the meaning of which he saw in a break with the ideology of the noble class and a transition to the side of the “simple working people.”
At the beginning of the 1880s. Tolstoy moved with his family from Yasnaya Polyana to Moscow, caring about providing an education to his growing children. In 1882, a census of the Moscow population took place, in which the writer took part. He saw the inhabitants of the city's slums up close and described their terrible lives in an article on the census and in the treatise "So What Should We Do?" (1882-1886). In them, the writer made the main conclusion: “...You can’t live like that, you can’t live like that, you can’t!” "Confession" and "So What Should We Do?" were works in which Tolstoy acted simultaneously as an artist and as a publicist, as a profound psychologist and a courageous sociologist-analyst. Later, this type of work - journalistic in genre, but including artistic scenes and paintings, saturated with elements of imagery - will occupy a large place in his work.
In these and subsequent years, Tolstoy also wrote religious and philosophical works: “Criticism of Dogmatic Theology”, “What is My Faith?”, “Combination, Translation and Study of the Four Gospels”, “The Kingdom of God is Within You”. In them, the writer not only showed a change in his religious and moral views, but also subjected to a critical revision of the main dogmas and principles of the teaching of the official church. In the mid-1880s. Tolstoy and his like-minded people created the Posrednik publishing house in Moscow, which printed books and paintings for the people. The first of Tolstoy's works, published for the "common" people, was the story "How People Live." In it, as in many other works of this cycle, the writer made extensive use not only of folklore plots, but also of the expressive means of oral creativity. Thematically and stylistically related to Tolstoy’s folk stories are his plays for folk theaters and, most of all, the drama “The Power of Darkness” (1886), which depicts the tragedy of a post-reform village, where under the “power of money” the centuries-old patriarchal order collapsed.
In 1880 Tolstoy's stories "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" and "Kholstomer" ("The Story of a Horse"), and "The Kreutzer Sonata" (1887-1889) appeared. In it, as well as in the story “The Devil” (1889-1890) and the story “Father Sergius” (1890-1898), the problems of love and marriage, the purity of family relationships are posed.
Tolstoy’s story “The Master and the Worker” (1895), stylistically related to the cycle of his folk stories written in the 80s, is based on social and psychological contrast. Five years earlier, Tolstoy wrote the comedy “The Fruits of Enlightenment” for a “home performance.” It also shows the “owners” and “workers”: noble landowners living in the city and peasants who came from a hungry village, deprived of land. The images of the former are given satirically, the author portrays the latter as reasonable and positive people, but in some scenes they are “presented” in an ironic light.
All these works of the writer are united by the idea of ​​the inevitable and close in time “denouement” of social contradictions, of the replacement of an obsolete social “order.” “I don’t know what the outcome will be,” Tolstoy wrote in 1892, “but that things are approaching it and that life cannot continue like this, in such forms, I am sure.” This idea inspired the largest work of all the creativity of the “late” Tolstoy - the novel “Resurrection” (1889-1899).
Less than ten years separate Anna Karenina from War and Peace. "Resurrection" is separated from "Anna Karenina" by two decades. And although many things distinguish the third novel from the previous two, they are united by a truly epic scope in the depiction of life, the ability to “pair” individual human destinies with the fate of the people in the narrative. Tolstoy himself pointed out the unity that existed between his novels: he said that "Resurrection" was written in the "old manner", meaning, first of all, the epic "manner" in which "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina" were written ". "Resurrection" became the last novel in the writer's work.
At the beginning of 1900 The Holy Synod excommunicated Tolstoy from the Orthodox Church.
In the last decade of his life, the writer worked on the story “Hadji Murat” (1896-1904), in which he sought to compare “the two poles of imperious absolutism” - the European, personified by Nicholas I, and the Asian, personified by Shamil. At the same time, Tolstoy created one of his best plays, “The Living Corpse.” Its hero - the kindest soul, gentle, conscientious Fedya Protasov leaves his family, breaks off relations with his usual environment, falls to the "bottom" and in the courthouse, unable to bear the lies, pretense, pharisaism of "respectable" people, shoots himself with a pistol. scores with life. The article “I Can’t Be Silent” written in 1908, in which he protested against the repression of participants in the events of 1905–1907, sounded poignant. The writer’s stories “After the Ball”, “For What?” belong to the same period.
Weighed down by the way of life in Yasnaya Polyana, Tolstoy more than once contemplated and for a long time did not dare to leave it. But he could no longer live according to the principle of “together and apart,” and on the night of October 28 (November 10) he secretly left Yasnaya Polyana. On the way, he fell ill with pneumonia and was forced to stop at the small station of Astapovo (now Leo Tolstoy), where he died. On November 10 (23), 1910, the writer was buried in Yasnaya Polyana, in the forest, on the edge of a ravine, where as a child he and his brother were looking for the “green stick” that held the “secret” of how to make all people happy.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy; Russian Empire, Tula province; 08/28/1828 – 11/07/1910
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy needs no introduction. This is a world-famous luminary of Russian and world realism. Tolstoy's works have been republished many times in most languages ​​of the world, they have been filmed in almost all countries, and Tolstoy's plays are still very popular. All this makes Leo Tolstoy’s inclusion in our rating simply mandatory. After all, his works are still relevant today, thanks to this, those who want to read Tolstoy do not decrease over the years.

Biography of Tolstoy L. N.

Stories:

1. History of yesterday
2. Raid
3. Marker Notes
4. Wood cutting
5. Blizzard
6. Demoted
7. Lucerne
8. Albert
9. Three deaths
10. Two horses
11. Bounce
12. Aeronaut's Story
13. How people live
14. Where there is love, there is God
15. Two old men
16. If you let the fire go, you won't be able to put it out
17. The enemy's is sculpted, but God's is strong
18. Two brothers and gold
19. Ilyas
20. Cross
21. How much land does a person need?
22. Candle
23. Three elders
24. Canvas meter
25. Three sons
26. Who is right?
27. Francoise
28. Surat coffee shop
29. Karma
30. Three parables
31. Expensive
32. Assyrian king Esarhadon
33. Destroying Hell and Rebuilding It
34. A tale about Ivan the Fool and his two brothers: Semyon the Warrior and Taras the Belly, and the dumb sister Malanya, and about the old devil and the three little devils.
35. Divine and human
36. For what?
37. Korney Vasiliev
38. Berries Wolf
39. Grateful soil
40. Songs in the village
41. Conversation with a passerby
42. Three days in the village
43. Alyosha Pot
44. Accidentally
45. Father Vasily
46. What I saw in my dream
47. Idyll
48. Diary of a Madman
49. Posthumous notes of Elder Fyodor Kuzmich...
50. Two different versions of the history of the beehive with a popular cover
51. The power of childhood
52. The Young King's Dream
53. Khodynka
54. Traveler and peasant
55. History of yesterday
56. How Russian soldiers die
57. Yule night
58. Uncle Zhdanov and gentleman Chernov
59. Excerpts from stories from village life

Fairy tales and fables:

1. Shark
2. Astronomers
3. Baba and the chicken
4. Squirrel and wolf
5. God sees the truth, but will not tell you soon
6. Big stove
7. Bulka
8. Vizier Abdul
9. Merman and pearl
10. Volga and Vazuza
11. Wolf and crane
12. Wolf and mare
13. Wolf and goat
14. Wolf and goat (2)
15. Wolf and bow
16. Wolf and hunters
17. Wolf and dog
18. Wolf and old woman
19. The Wolf and the Lamb
20. Wolf and pig
21. Sparrow and swallow
22. Raven and crows
23. Raven and fox
24. Harmful air
25. Jackdaw and pigeons
26. Jackdaw and jug
27. Galchonok
28. Stupid guy (Stupid guy)
29. Head and tail of a snake
30. Geese and peacock
31. Two brothers
32. Two merchants
33. Two comrades
34. Two horses
35. Girl and mushrooms
36. The girl and the robbers
37. Division of inheritance
38. Wild and tame donkey
39. What is the wind for?
40. Clever Ram
41. Milch cow
42. Oak and hazel
43. A fool and a knife (Like a fool cut jelly)
44. Hedgehog and hare
45. Vest
46. Hares
47. Hares and frogs
48. Hare and hound dog
49. Hut and Palace (Tsar and Hut)
50. Indian and Englishman
51. Prisoner of the Caucasus
52. How a house was repaired in the city of Paris
53. How wolves teach their children
54. How a thief gave himself away
55. How geese saved Rome (ancient Roman legend)
56. How a boy talked about how he found queen bees for his grandfather
57. How a boy talked about how he stopped being afraid of blind beggars
58. How a boy talked about how a thunderstorm caught him in the forest
59. How the boy talked about how he was not taken to the city
60. How a man divided geese
61. How a man removed a stone
62. How Bukharians learned to breed silkworms
63. How my aunt talked about how she learned to sew
64. How I learned to ride a horse
65. Stone
66. Reed and olive
67. Chinese Queen Xilingchi
68. Mosquito and lion
69. Cow
70. Cow and goat
71. Bone
72. Cat and mice
73. Cat with a bell
74. Kitty
75. Cat and fox
76. Crystals
77. Who is right?
78. Where does the water go from the sea?
79. Chicken and golden eggs
80. Hen and swallow
81. Lion and fox
82. Lion and mouse
83. Lion and dog
84. Lion, wolf and fox
85. Lion, bear and fox
86. Lion, donkey and fox
87. Lazy daughter
88. Bat
89. Lipunyushka
90. Fox and crane
91. Fox
92. Fox and grapes
93. Fox and goat
94. Fox and monkey
95. Horse and groom
96. Horse and owners
97. Frog and lion
98. Frog, mouse and hawk
99. Magnet
100. Bear on a cart
101. Wise old man
102. Man and merman
103. Man and horse
104. Man and cucumbers
105. Ant and dove
106. Mouse under the barn
107. Mouse, rooster and cat
108. Mother hen and chicks
109. Monkey
110. Monkey and Peas
111. Monkey and fox
112. Deer
113. Deer and vineyard
114. Deer and lunch
115. Donkey in lion skin
116. Donkey and horse
117. Touch and vision
118. Force from speed
119. Father and sons
120. Where did fire come from when people did not know fire?
121. Why is there wind?
122. Why do trees crack in cold weather?
123. Why can you see in the dark?
124. Hunting is worse than bondage
125. Hunter and Quail
126. Peacock
127. Peacock and crane
128. First flight
129. Quail
130. Peter I and the man
131. Foundling
132. Fire
133. Fire dogs
134. The truth is more expensive than anything else
135. Righteous Judge
136. Bounce
137. Birds and nets
138. Birdie
139. Bees and drones
140. Worker Emelyan and an empty drum
141. Workers and cock
142. Equal inheritance
143. Hare
144. Fisherman and fish
145. The best pears
146. San Gotthard dog
147. Svyatogor the hero
148. How many people?
149. Blind man and milk
150. Death of Oleg
151. Dog and wolf
152. The dog and the thief
153. The dog and its shadow
154. Jacob's dog
155. Dog, rooster and fox
156. Dogs and cook
157. Owl and hare
158. Falcon and rooster
159. Soldier
160. Sun and wind
161. Disputants
162. old horse
163. The old man and death
164. Old grandfather and grandson
165. Scary beast (Who is scarier)
166. Dragonfly and ants
167. Severe punishment
168. Dampness
169. Calf on ice
170. Thin threads
171. Ax and saw
172. Three thieves
173. Three rolls and one bagel
174. Luck
175. Specific gravity
176. Already and a hedgehog
177. Stubborn horse (How a man over-stubborned a horse)
178. Duck and month
179. The Teachings of Christ Explained to Children
180. Learned son
181. Fedotka
182. Filipok
183. Master and rooster
184. Owner and dog
185. Heron, fish and crayfish
186. Royal brothers
187. Tsar and shirt
188. The king and the elephants
189. Tsar and falcon
190. Turtle and eagle
191. Flair
192. Jackals and elephant
193. Shat and Don

Russian writers are rightfully considered true literary geniuses. All of them made an invaluable contribution to the development of the art of words, so their works remain relevant in our time and will be relevant for many years to come. This is largely due to the fact that all the writers were not just educated and wise, but also talented people. This helped them create not just complex and relevant works, but also interesting ones.

Lev Tolstoy

One of the most famous Russian classics is Leo Tolstoy, whose books were published in huge editions. His works are known for their scope and deep philosophical problems that the author reveals.

Tolstoy's books, as a rule, are very voluminous, but not because he repeats himself a lot, but because he approaches the disclosure of a particular topic as thoroughly as possible. A writer always tries to get to the heart of things. This article will focus on Tolstoy’s main books, which had the greatest public resonance and which made a truly enormous contribution to world culture.

War and Peace

The epic novel "War and Peace" is one of the most significant works of world literature of the 19th century. It not only shows important historical events of that time, it conveys the atmosphere of that time, the mood of people and talks about the most important things.

The concept of the novel was initially radically different from what happened in the end. Tolstoy wanted to write a book about the life of the Decembrist who returned from exile. However, in the process of work, the writer realized that the thoughts that he wants to convey to people require a deeper and more thorough analysis of Russian life. That is why the story begins long before the events of December 14, 1925.

The author leads his characters through several decades of their lives, showing their moral development in the context of historical events. The war with Napoleon completely changed the consciousness of the people of that time. They stopped speaking French, became disillusioned with the war and military leaders, but most importantly, they began to understand the real value of life.

The heroes of the novel are very complex and multifaceted personalities who, through their life quests, try to come to eternal truths and tell the reader about them. Tolstoy's book "War and Peace" is a novel about the most important things in life that must be learned by every person. That is why this work is loved all over the world. It has been filmed many times both in Russia and abroad. Particular attention should be paid to the film adaptation directed by Soviet director Sergei Bondarchuk, because for it he was awarded an Oscar film award in 1965.

"Anna Karenina"

L. N. Tolstoy's books are often filmed by famous foreign directors. The novel "Anna Karenina" was made into a film in 2012 by Briton Joe Wright. This project was very successful and grossed about $70 million. The main roles were played by such famous actors as Keira Knightley and Jude Law.

The plot of the novel takes place in St. Petersburg in the 19th century. A very respected and wealthy representative of the golden youth, Count Vronsky, falls in love with a married girl, Anna Karenina. She was given in marriage against her will and did not love her husband, who was much older than her. An affair begins between Vronsky and Anna Karenina, which breaks the destinies of both and leads to sad consequences...

"Anna Karenina", like all of Tolstoy's books, reflects the main problems of Russian life. This novel tells what consequences happen to those marriages that are not concluded for love. It teaches you to be more attentive to loved ones, as well as honest towards yourself and others.

"Resurrection"

The novel "Resurrection" was the last work of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy. It was printed in huge numbers and translated into almost all the major languages ​​of the world. This was necessary, since the interest in Tolstoy’s work was enormous, especially after the publication of the novels “War and Peace” and “Anna Karenina”.

This novel came out much later than all of Tolstoy's previous books. This largely fueled public interest in this work. However, an important role in such popularity was played by the fact that the theme of the novel was very relevant at that time. The plot tells how a young officer, completely without thinking about the consequences, seduced an innocent girl. Such an act became fatal in his fate. After this, the lives of both heroes changed a lot...

The novel "Resurrection", like Tolstoy's previous works, has been filmed a huge number of times by directors from different countries. Particular attention should be paid to the film by Soviet director Mikhail Schweitzer, filmed in 1960.

Finally

The works of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy are known and loved not only in Russia, but also abroad. He was an innovator in the field of literature; it was from his pen that now very common literary techniques first began to appear. Tolstoy's books are true classics of world literature.

It is known that work on the work lasted about 6 years, and its original volume was not 4, but 6 volumes. Leo Tolstoy used a huge number of sources to make the events look authentic. He read the works of Russian and French historians, privately for the period from 1805 to 1812. However, Tolstoy himself regarded his work with a certain degree of skepticism. So, he wrote in his diary: “People love me for those trifles - “War and Peace”, etc., which seem very important to them.”

Researchers counted 559 heroes in the novel “War and Peace”.

"Anna Karenina" - a tragic love story

Tolstoy's work is popular because it is relevant at any time. Instead of the discussions of earlier authors about enthusiastic and bright feelings, it shows the underside of blinding love and the consequences of relationships that are dictated by passion rather than reason.

One of the heroes of the novel "Anna Karenina", Konstantin Levin, is an autobiographical character. Tolstoy put his thoughts and ideas into his mouth.

"Childhood. Adolescence. Youth" - autobiographical trilogy

As a child, he experiences his first love, prepares for confession with fear, and encounters injustice for the first time. The teenage hero, growing up, learns what betrayal is, and also finds new friends and experiences the breakdown of old stereotypes. In the story “Youth,” the hero faces social problems, acquires his first mature judgments, enters university and thinks about his future fate.