Petrishchevo, place of execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Museum in Petrishchevo is awaiting a large-scale reconstruction The village of Petrishchevo Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Museum

There is a very tragic and memorable place in the Ruza district of the Moscow region - the village of Petrishchevo, where on November 29, 1941, the Nazis executed the young partisan Tanya - that’s what Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya called herself during interrogation. September 13 marks the 91st anniversary of the birth of the Hero of the Soviet Union, who has become a symbol of courage and unbending perseverance. Journalist Pyotr Lidov was the first to talk about this in the Pravda newspaper, and the whole world learned about the feat of the young Muscovite. In the fall, tourists come to Petrishchevo, to the site of Zoya’s feat and execution.

Moscow schoolgirl

People travel in large and small groups, families, alone. “After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the flow of tourists here has noticeably decreased. And now (how joyful it is to realize this!) I see a new interest in Zoya’s feat and personality. Perhaps this can be called an interest in one’s own history. For the heroine’s anniversary (celebrated in 2013), the exhibition of our museum was updated and replenished with new exhibits,” said Nadezhda Efimenkova, director of the local museum.

Tourists make their first stop at the 86th kilometer of the Minsk Highway. Here, on a high pedestal, is perhaps the most famous monument to the partisan. The poet Nikolai Dmitriev wrote about her:

The museum in the village of Petrishchevo was opened in 1956. At the same time, a monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was erected in front of him. The museum's exposition is housed in seven halls. It opens with the work of the sculptor M. Manizer “Zoe”. We see a girl with short hair and a stubborn, masculine look. Nearby on the wall are the words “It is happiness to die for one’s people.” Their heroine said a few minutes before the execution.

The guides talk in great detail and emotionally about Zoya’s childhood, youth and heroic deeds. She was born in the Tambov region, then the family moved to Moscow. From grades 1 to 9, Zoya and her brother Sasha studied at Moscow School No. 201.

The museum displays a Komsomol card, certificates of commendation, school notebooks, photographs, and the girl’s handicrafts. She was doing embroidery. The napkins, towel, and apron she embroidered have survived. Museum visitors look with interest at the intricate patterns on these items. Here you can see Zoya’s “peaceful” clothes - a dress and a jacket.

Zoya studied with straight A's and B's. My brother had different assessments. “Excellent” only in mathematics and physics. These items were his favorites. The boy drew well and wanted to become an artist. His self-portrait is on display in the museum.

The brother and sister were not the same age, but studied in the same class. In the summer of 1941 they completed nine grades. On June 21, we came to the high school graduation party, had a lot of fun, sang and danced. This was the last peaceful night for them.

Guerrilla friendship

The second hall of the museum is dedicated to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. On the wall is the map “Plan Barbarossa”. This is the famous plan for the attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR. According to it, Hitler intended to defeat our army in 6-8 weeks, reach the Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line and turn our country into a German colony.

The Kosmodemyansky brother and sister worked in the fall at the Krasnaya Zarya state farm, helped harvest the crops, and worked at the Borets plant, which produced shells. October came, the enemy was on the very outskirts of Moscow. On October 20, 1941, the capital was declared under siege. Thousands of volunteers went to the front. Zoya also decided to defend the capital with arms in hand. On October 31 she was at home for the last time. She, along with other volunteers, is sent to the village of Kuntsevo, where military unit No. 9903 was located. There, in a very short time, they are trained in military affairs: to use personal weapons, throw Molotov cocktails, mine roads and bridges, and correctly navigate the terrain using a compass.

It was here, in military unit No. 9903, that young teachers Lelya Kolesova, Klavdiya Miloradova, students Zhenya Poltavskaya, Vera Voloshina, Sasha Gribkova and schoolgirl Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya met and became friends. The fate of these girls turned out to be tragic. Only Claudia Miloradova remained alive. The rest were hanged by the Nazis near Moscow in November 1941. Zhenya Poltavskaya and Sasha Gribkova were executed among eight Komsomol members in Volokolamsk. Zoya really asked for an assignment to this town near Moscow, but she was left in the unit.

Frau Partisan

When Kosmodemyanskaya went on a mission to Petrishchevo, she knew nothing about the fate of her friends. On the night of November 21, a sabotage and reconnaissance group consisting of three people (commander Boris Krainov, Pavel Klubkov, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya) crossed the front line near the village of Obukhovo and headed to Petrishchevo, where the fascist headquarters was located.

At one o'clock in the morning, three houses in the village caught fire. It was the commander and Zoya who completed the task. But Zoya could not find her people in the forest. Left alone, I was not afraid. The next night I went to Petrishchevo again. I decided to set fire to a large stable on the outskirts of the village. There were a lot of horses and weapons. Zoya was tracked down by the traitor Sviridov and told the Nazis.

For the first time, journalist Pyotr Lidov spoke about Kosmodemyanskaya’s feat in the Pravda newspaper. In the Petrishchev Museum you can see this issue of the newspaper for January 27, 1942, where his essay “Tanya” was published.

“It has not yet been established who she is and where she comes from... That was during the days of the greatest danger for Moscow...

Moscow selected brave volunteers and sent them across the front to help partisan detachments...

The small village of Petrishchevo, surrounded by forest, was chock full of German troops... Ten to twenty soldiers were stationed in each hut. The owners of the houses huddled on the stove or in the corners...

One night, someone cut all the wires of the German field telephone, and soon the stable of the German military unit and seventeen horses in it were destroyed.

The next evening the partisans came to the village again. He made his way to the stables, in which there were over two hundred horses of the cavalry unit. He was wearing a hat, a fur jacket, quilted cotton pants, felt boots, and a bag over his shoulder. Approaching the stable, the man put the revolver he was holding in his hand into his bosom, took out a bottle of gasoline from his bag, poured it out and then bent down to strike a match.

At that moment, the sentry crept up to him and grabbed him from behind with his arms. The partisan managed to push the German away and snatch the revolver, but he did not have time to shoot. The soldier knocked the weapon out of his hands and raised the alarm.

The partisan was brought into the house and they immediately saw that it was a girl, very young, tall, dark, black-browed, with lively dark eyes and dark, cropped hair combed up.

The soldiers ran back and forth in excitement and, as the mistress of the house Maria Sedova reports, they all repeated: “Frau partisans, Frau partisans,” which means a female partisan in Russian...”

Step into immortality

In the house of Maria Sedova, Kosmodemyanskaya’s weapons were taken away and she was sent with her hands tied to the Voronins’ house, where the headquarters was located. There they interrogated, tortured, beat, led barefoot and naked in the snow. One young Fritz could not stand the interrogation, went into the kitchen, buried his head in his hands. So he sat until Zoya was taken to the Kulikov house (now it has become a branch of the museum), where she spent the last night of her life.

The next day, the Nazis set up a gallows, and Zoya was taken to execution. They hung a board around her neck with the inscription “Arsonist” in Russian and German. Residents were herded to the place of execution. The German photographer tinkered with his equipment for a long time. At this time, Zoya addressed the audience with a fiery speech.

Two witnesses to the terrible execution have survived to this day. These are the Sedov sisters - Valentina Nikolaevna and Nina Nikolaevna. They have lived in Moscow for a long time. But in the summer they visit their native Petrishchev.

“In 1941 I was 10 years old. I was the eldest child in the family. When Zoya was captured by the Nazis and brought to our house, my sister Nina and I watched what was happening from the stove. The girl was standing by the stove. The Nazis kept bringing flashlights to her face and saying: “Frau, Frau.” The newspaper wrote that she was wearing felt boots. This is wrong. The partisan was wearing boots. She had a bag with a Molotov cocktail hanging on her shoulder. There was a pistol in a beige holster. The Nazis took all this away. Hands back and led. Our mother was sitting in a corner with a small child. Zoya looked at her carefully and said nothing. My sister and I got off the stove. I saw a girl very close,” recalls Valentina Sedova.

“In the morning, my grandmother says: “The Germans are building something by the pond.” It turned out they were building a gallows. An interpreter went from house to house, ordering everyone to leave. Mom was a little late, dressing her little brother Borya. And my sister and I went.

I remember November 29th was very cold. Then winter fell early. Everything was frozen and snowy. They brought Zoya. She was no longer wearing her sweater. She was dressed in some kind of dark-colored tunic (later I found out that the Nazis took away her warm clothes). It took a long time for the Nazis to begin their dirty work. They were waiting for some boss from Gribtsov. The road was snowy and he couldn’t get there in time.
Zoya addressed the crowd with a speech: “German soldiers, surrender before it’s too late. All the same, victory will be ours... Now you will hang me, but I am not alone. There are 200 million of us. You can’t outweigh everyone... I’m not afraid to die for my people...”

She said a lot of things. They wrote about this in the newspapers. And it's all true. The girl’s body hung there for more than a month. The Nazis did not allow her to be buried. When our troops approached, they removed traces of the crime and threw the body of the partisan into a snow-covered ravine. The peasants buried her on the outskirts of the forest. There is now a memorial sign there. In May 1942, the heroine was buried with honors at the Novodevichy cemetery,” says Valentina Nikolaevna, who witnessed this tragedy.

Konstantin Simonov was right when he wrote: “Heroes do not die. The brave have only immortality."

Five photographs of the execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya are known. They were found in the field bag of the killed fascist. Recently, another photograph was sent to the museum in Petrishchevo from Saratov, found in the archives of a deceased war veteran by his relatives. Apparently, the front-line soldier took this photo from the dead soldier.

Newspapers wrote

In the museum you can see military newspapers telling about the feat of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, which inspired Soviet soldiers.

Correspondent for the newspaper “Forward to the Enemy!” Major Dolin wrote on October 3, 1943: “Several months ago, the 332nd Infantry Regiment, whose soldiers and officers brutally tortured Zoya, was noted on a section of our front. Having learned that the regiment of the executioner Rüderer, who executed Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, was standing in front of them, the soldiers swore not to leave any of the soldiers of this damned regiment alive. In the battles near the village of Verdino, the German regiment of our Zoya’s executioners was defeated.”

Zoya’s brother, lieutenant tanker Alexander Kosmodemyansky, also took part in the battles against the 197th Nazi Infantry Division. “Units of the N-formation finish off the remnants of the 197th Infantry Division in fierce battles... Five German photographs of the Nazis’ reprisal against Zoya published in the newspaper Pravda caused a new wave of anger among our soldiers and commanders. Here, Zoya’s brother, guard tankman Lieutenant Alexander Kosmodemyansky, fights bravely and avenges his sister,” wrote in the army newspaper “Let’s Destroy the Enemy!” war correspondent Major Vershinin.

One of the most striking heroines of the Great Patriotic War is Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The museum in Petrishchevo, dedicated to the first woman awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, has existed for many years. After all, it was in these places that the young scout fought and died.

Biography of the Hero

What did the girl become famous for? Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was born in 1923. In the museum in Petrishchevo you can get acquainted with her biography in detail. She was born in the Tambov region into a family of teachers.

When Zoya was 6 years old, her family moved to Siberia. According to some reports, my father was exiled for his position against collectivization. According to another version, the family fled to escape denunciation.

In 1933, the father of the heroine of our article died after an operation, and only her mother was involved in raising Zoya and her younger brother. At school the girl did well, especially in the humanities - literature and history. At the age of 15 she joined the Komsomol.

When the Great Patriotic War began, she was 17 years old. In October 1941, shortly after coming of age, she volunteered for the Red Army. She was sent to a sabotage school. She lived for some time in the Irkutsk region, but then managed to return to the Moscow region.

The feat of a scout

Soon after the start of training, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya received her first assignment. The museum in Petrishchevo tells in detail the story of her feat. The girl, together with her fellow soldiers, had to burn down ten settlements in the occupied territory. There is even a corresponding order about this from Commander-in-Chief Joseph Stalin. They were given from five days to one week to complete.

It is worth noting that even when entering the reconnaissance courses, the guys were warned that mortal danger awaited them. 95% of them will most likely be killed or captured. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya also knew about this. The biography of the Komsomol member became exemplary for many representatives of Soviet youth.

Realizing the mortal danger, the sabotage group set off to carry out the task. They had several Molotov cocktails and pistols with them.

As a result, all members of the reconnaissance squad were killed in firefights or tortured to death in captivity. Only Kosmodemyanskaya managed to partially implement the plan. She set fire to three village houses, one of which contained German soldiers and the other two, villagers. Destroyed the German horses.

During an attempt to set fire to the second village, local resident Sviridov raised the alarm, and the heroine of our article was arrested.

Torture and execution

Once captured, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was subjected to lengthy interrogations and torture. The intelligence officer's biography is replete with eerie details. For example, according to eyewitnesses, she was stripped naked and flogged with belts. Afterwards she was kept in the cold for a long time in only her underwear. As a result, the girl suffered frostbite on her legs.

The next day, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was executed. She was hanged. Just before her death, she made a famous speech in which she called on all village residents to fight the Nazis, and invited the Germans to surrender. The main thing is not to be afraid of your own death in this struggle, because the end result is much more important.

The execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya became one of the examples of heroism during the Great Patriotic War, and the girl herself became a symbol of the unbending spirit of the Soviet people. Her image was often used in fiction, films, paintings, and monumental art.

How to get to the museum?

Today you can find out the most detailed history of the intelligence officer’s feat by visiting the Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Museum in Petrishchevo. We will tell you how to get to your destination in this article.

The first thing you need to do is get to Ruza - this is the regional center of the Ruza district of the Moscow region. This can be done from the capital by bus, starting from the Tushinskaya metro station. You can also take the train, which leaves from the Belorussky railway station or from the Begovaya metro station. It’s worth going to the Tuchkovo station. And from there there are buses (every 40 minutes) and minibuses (every 10-20 minutes) to Ruza.

If you are driving your own car, then drive in the direction of Dorokhovo. There you will see a sign to Ruza. Or along Novorizhskoye Highway, also to the corresponding sign.

The village of Petrishchevo is located very close to Ruza. The distance of 30 kilometers is best covered by bus or car.

Memory of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya

In the Moscow region they cherish the memory of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The museum in Petrishchevo has a large number of exhibits dedicated to her feat.

These are books written about her fate, archival family photographs and photographs taken by German soldiers and officers on the day the Komsomol member was executed. The stands display personal belongings of Komsomol members.

A separate exhibition is dedicated to gifts that were given in memory of Kosmodemyanskaya by her fans from all over the world. There are parcels from Burma, Angola, Cuba, Vietnam, Ethiopia and other countries.

It was also installed in the Ruza region. It appeared 11 years after the end of the Great Patriotic War. It was installed at the 86th kilometer of the Minsk Highway. The project was developed by the sculptor Ikonnikov, and Kaminsky became the architect.

Another monument to the scout was recently opened in Ruza itself. It appeared in 2013, on the eve of a kind of anniversary. Kosmodemyanskaya could have turned 90 years old. It was given as a gift to local residents. It is a bronze monument by sculptor Zurab Tsereteli four meters high. A monument was erected on the square in front of the district cultural center.

Kosmodemyanskaya - a symbol of heroism

Kosmodemyanskaya’s feat is not forgotten today, and not only in Russia. For many years she became a true symbol of the heroism and courage of the people. An example of patriotism and love for the motherland.

Although various versions have repeatedly appeared in modern Russia, denigrating and belittling her feat, most historians are inclined to believe that she acted in the interests of her people, carrying out the direct orders of the command.

A large number of publications that appeared in the 90s contained some facts from her biography that were hushed up under Soviet rule. Moreover, they were reflected as if in a distorting mirror. In the Scout Museum in Petrishchevo you can find out how everything really happened.

Not far from Ruza, just 30 km, is the world-famous village of Petrishchevo. Here, more than half a century ago, during a difficult time for our country, the young Muscovite Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya stepped into immortality. ...

The partisan detachment, in whose ranks Zoya was, was given the task of using fires to direct our army towards the location of large fascist units. The detachment commander Krainev and Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya entered Petrishchevo. Krainev set fire to the house where German soldiers were stationed, and Zoya was supposed to set fire to the stable... Zoya did not return from the mission...

The country first learned about the brave partisan from P. Lidov’s essay “Tanya,” published in Pravda on January 27, 1942. A photograph was published next to it: a mutilated female body with a rope around her neck. “In early December 1941, in Petrishchevo, near the city of Vereya,” wrote P. Lidov, “the Germans executed an eighteen-year-old Komsomol member from Moscow, who called herself Tatyana... She died in enemy captivity on a fascist rack, without making a single sound betraying her suffering without betraying her comrades. She accepted martyrdom as a heroine, as the daughter of a great people that no one can ever break!”

In the Ruza region, the memory of the brave partisan’s feat is preserved by: Monument “Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya”, installed in 1956 at the 86th km. Minsk highway. Sculptors of the monument are Ikonnikov and Fedorov, architect Kaminsky.

Memorial Museum of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (1956). The exhibition includes photographs, books, documents, and personal belongings of the brave Komsomol member. Gifts from people of all continents of the Earth are also collected here: Vietnam and Cuba, Angola and Ethiopia, youth organizations in Bulgaria and the GDR, France and Italy.

The branch of the museum is the house of P.Ya. Kulik. A stele made of gray granite recalls that Zoya spent her last night in this hut before her execution.

Monument "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya" in Ruza (2013), opened on the eve of the anniversary date when Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya would have turned 90 years old. This monument was donated to the people of Ruzhan by the Russian Historical Society. A 4-meter bronze monument to Zurab Tsereteli is installed in front of the district House of Culture.

For many decades, the name Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya became a symbol of heroism, courage, and patriotism of Soviet youth. However, in the early 1990s. Materials appeared in the press that cast doubt on the feat of the young heroine and cast a shadow on her personality. These publications reflected some facts of the biography of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, which were hushed up during Soviet times, but were reflected, as in a distorting mirror, in a monstrously distorted form. Our fellow countrymen A.F. Sivtsov and A.A. Bobrov could not remain indifferent to these cynical “researches”.

A. Sivtsov is a truthful and uncompromising journalist, a historian and passionate local historian, a native of the village of Petrishchevo. He saw Zoya’s execution with his own eyes and, deeply indignant at the shameless manipulation of facts, worked until his last days to clarify the details and facts of this tragedy. In 2012, at a meeting of local historians "Ruzsky Krai" he told new information about ".

Poet, publicist, television journalist Alexander Bobrov, well known for his author’s programs “Russian Strings”, “Moscow Meetings”, “Leaf Chronicle of Times”, “Living Water of Muscovy”, also published an article ““ in the magazine “Russian House”.

CONTACTS

Museum address: Moscow region, Petrishchevo village

Operating mode:

The museum is open from 10 to 18 hours, closed on Mondays, the last Friday of the month is a sanitary day

Those were difficult times for the country, the German steel machine, which had not yet known defeat, was rushing to Moscow, the more significant the feat of the fragile eighteen-year-old girl who accepted martyrdom, but did not break under torture. Documents and photographs of that now distant time force us to remember forever; this should not happen again and history cannot be rewritten now in the wake of new trends.
After the museum we reached the house where Zoya’s last interrogation took place; the house has been restored, and the interior of that time has been preserved. After this we visited the place of execution. There is magnificent nature around and it is difficult to imagine the events that took place at that time.
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Everlasting memory.

Irina ★★★★★

(17-09-2016)

Dear museum workers, many thanks from the children's variety studio "7 notes" from the MKU "House of Culture Krivskoye" (Kaluga region) for an unforgettable excursion! I practically persuaded the children to go to Petrishchevo, they weren’t really willing. And after the excursion they thanked us for the trip, shared our impressions, and were deeply imbued with what we saw and heard. Although the children were of different ages (from 7 to 13 years old), everyone liked it without exception. the guide told the story as if she were Zoya’s best friend. I visited the museum in the early 80s as a 10-year-old girl, the impressions are still vivid, but I was very worried that modern children would not understand the feat. ... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

But, thank God, the fears were in vain. And this is thanks to the wonderful staff of the museum, who work “from the heart” and devote all their strength to what they love. Low bow to you, good health and creative success!

It's gratifying that the museum is alive. We got there on Sunday an hour before closing, there were visitors. The impressions are deep, once again there is a reason to think about European values. Undoubtedly, Zoya is the image of the country, its greatness and victory. It’s not for nothing that they threw mud at her in the 1990s.

vadim ★★★★★

(6-09-2014)

It’s a pity that such young girls and boys died. A professional, trained army should fight, not former schoolchildren. The more important, deeper, more significant their feat is.

The museum makes you feel a sense of respect for the young heroes of the Great Patriotic War, especially for female heroes. At the fork in the Minsk highway and the road to Vereya and Petrishchevo there is also a stele - a monument to Zoya. Locals remember and always mention her by name. "Turn at Zoya's", etc. Not far from the stella there is Zoya’s grave - before it was always hung with red pioneer ties - children left it in memory. Nowadays, in my opinion, they hang scarves of different colors, I think it doesn’t matter, the main thing is that the memory lives on...