Which movement was Schubert a representative of? When to Schubert. passed) Giving grades to the journal

Khunafina Milyausha Mirzasalikhovna
Job title: music teacher
Educational institution: MBOU "Gymnasium No. 3"
Locality: Oktyabrsky Republic of Bashkortostan
Name of material: Development of a music lesson in 6th grade
Subject: F. Schubert "The Forest King"
Publication date: 15.09.2017
Chapter: secondary education

Music lesson in 6th grade

Subject: Franz Schubert. Ballad "Forest King"

Lesson type: lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge (lesson-conversation).

Lesson type: expansion and deepening of knowledge.

The purpose of the lesson: deepen knowledge about the work of F. Schubert; introduce one of the

pearls of vocal lyrics in the world of ballads - the ballad “Forest King”; formation

emotionally conscious perception of a musical image;

identification of funds

expressiveness of different types of art (literary, musical and

figurative) in creating a single image.

Lesson objectives:

Educational: improve knowledge in the field of history of music and literature;

introduction to the ballad genre.

Developmental: develop interest in the subject, learn to think independently, reason

about music, characterize musical images and determine their development, find

parallels in the images of music, literature and fine arts.

Educational: cultivate emotional responsiveness to the perception of classical

music, develop interest and respect for the musical heritage of other composers

Equipment: multimedia projector, textbook G.P. Sergeeva, E.D. Kritskaya

"Music" for 6th grade, phonograph for the textbook "Music" 6th grade.

Lesson plan:

Organizing time.

Testing students' knowledge about the composer's life path - romance (brief

review of the biography of F. Schubert).

Learning new material.

The song is the ballad “The Forest King” by F. Schubert. Features of the ballad

genre, characteristics of the musical image of the work (literary and

musical analysis of the ballad).

Performance of the song “On the Road” from the cycle “The Beautiful Miller’s Wife”.

Reinforcing new material (digital dictation), lesson conclusion, reflection.

Homework.

DURING THE CLASSES

Organizing time.

Musical greeting.

Introduction to the topic.

Slide 2 Sounds “Ave Maria”(then the sound is mixed) 03.21.

What wonderful music opens our lesson. The work that you

hear enough is known. Are you familiar with this work?

Whose image is glorified in this music? (image of the Virgin Mary)

What feelings did you experience when listening to this music? (tender,

affectionate, feeling of love and sadness, mother of Jesus Christ loves her very much

son, suffers with him)

What does the Virgin Mary represent to everyone? (The Virgin Mary represents the symbol

eternal mother's love)

Can you name the composer who wrote this immortal

work? (students' answer).

Slide 3(portrait of Schubert)

In the previous lesson we got acquainted with the work of Schubert and learned about

that the composer entered the history of music as the founder

musical romanticism and the creator of a number of new genres: romantic

symphony, piano miniature, romantic song and program

plot vocal cycle.

And today I want your knowledge to become more in-depth and

expanded. As you understand from my preface, our lesson is

Let's devote ourselves to the work of Franz Schubert, listen and analyze one

of his best vocal works is the ballad “Forest King”, as well as

Let's perform one of his many songs.

Slide 4(write down the topic of the lesson in your notebook)

You learned more about the life and work of Schubert from the film,

which we watched in the last lesson. And now I want to check yours

knowledge, answering the questions, you will make a brief overview of his creative

biographies.

Slide 5 (biography review)

Questions to check the performance of the work.

Who is Franz Schubert? (Austrian composer)

Lichtenthal)

How old was Schubert when he began composing music? (13 years old)

How many songs did F. Schubert write? (over 600)

5. What are the names of F. Schubert’s two vocal cycles?

Which singer began to promote Schubert's work? (Johann

What were the names of Schubert's musical meetings with friends?

(Schubertiad)

What musical movement was Schubert a representative of?

(romanticism)

When did Schubert achieve real success? (in 1828 he gave the author's

10. What creative legacy did F. Schubert leave? (16 operas, 22 quartets,

22 sonatas, 9 overtures, 9 symphonies, more than 600 songs)

How old did Schubert live? (31 year)

Teacher: Yes, fate gave the Viennese romantic only 31 years of life.

What genre occupied the main place in his work? (song) Special place

The ballad occupies the song genre. Creator of the vocal ballad

F. Schubert is considered.

Information about what a ballad is was prepared for us by...

Student: Ballad (from Italian ballade - dance) in the Middle Ages folk song

origin, accompanying the dance. Later - literary lyrical

an epic work of dramatic nature, often with elements

fiction, the content of which is based on past events,

stories, legends.

Ballad - a short story poem with

an intense plot based on a legend or

historical event. The real in the ballad is combined with the fantastic,

the event described is often dramatic. In the era

Romanticism, the ballad entered vocal and instrumental music.

Teacher: Thanks for the info. Ballad - that’s what they began to call it

a vocal or instrumental piece of a romantic nature.

Slide 6 What constitutes a ballad in music is the definition in

screen, write it down in your music dictionary

(ballad-vocal work written in fantastic,

historical or dramatic story, or instrumental play.

(write in notebook)

Teacher: As you can see, defining a musical genre is not much

differs from the definition of literary.

Slide 7(portrait of I. Goethe)

Teacher: The ballad "The Forest King" was written by Schubert with words in German

poet Johann Wolfgang Goethe. The poetry of Johann Goethe enchanted

stirred the soul of the young composer. Over 70 songs written by Schubert

to the words of the great German poet. Schubert wrote the ballad “The Forest King”

when he was only 18 years old.

Slide 8 This is how one of his friends describes the birth of this song:

“We found Schubert in a completely heated state, loudly

who read from the book “The Forest King”. He walked around with the book several times

up and down the room, suddenly sat down, and in a very short time the ballad

appeared on paper..."

That same evening, “The Forest King” was performed and received with delight.

Slide 9 (picture “The Forest King”)

Special role in Schubert's songs he performs piano. It fills

the song with new colors, helps to reveal its content more deeply.

Listen to the first intonation of the ballad's introduction.

Think and answer whether it is possible to determine the nature of the entire work by

this intonation. What it contains: peace, tranquility, serenity

or tension, excitement, anxiety?

The melody sounds: (teacher plays)

Student: This intonation is alarming.

In what register: sounds in a low register,

In what mode: in minor mode.

Teacher: Please tap the accompaniment rhythm and then sing

vocalization on the syllable “ta”

Conclusion: Rhythm - alternation of "triplets" with eighth notes - duration

short. The performance touch is staccato, the nature of the music is alarming.

Slide 10(portrait of Zhukovsky)

Teacher: The most famous translator of ballads into Russian was

great Russian poet of the 18th – 19th centuries. Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky.

His translations became completely original works,

which we will try to make sure of.

So, now we know a little about both the German poet and his translator.

Now, let's get acquainted with the text the ballad “The Forest King” itself V

translation by Zhukovsky.

(The teacher reads the poem very expressively)

Teacher: What feeling do you have after hearing the poem?

(excitement, fear, anxiety).

Name the characters discussed in the poem. (narrator,

father, son, Forest King).

What is this poem about?

About how a father carries his son, a baby, through the night forest. The child complains

that the King of the Forest calls him. The child is trembling with fear and delirious. Father

calms down his son. The imperious Forest King beckons the baby to him with beckoning

or the Forest King took him.

Teacher: Let's pay attention to the words of the ballad (number

verses) and compare it with the song. What immediately attracts attention?

Student: The ballad has 8 verses of text. There are usually 3 or 4 verses in a song.

The ballad is a larger-scale work.

Teacher: The peculiarity of the ballad is also that there is a plot and theme from

areas of fantasy, which is a feature of romantic

works.

In what form is the poem presented (dialogue)

Yes, ballad is a lyric-epic genre of poetry that becomes mandatory

plot, which is often replaced by dialogue.

Teacher: Are there any unfamiliar words in the text?

Vocabulary work: explain the lexical meaning of the words: palaces -

(lush, magnificent building, palace); pearls – (treasures,

jewelry); willows – (silver willow, tree crown).

So, you already have an idea about each character, and now

listen to the ballad song "Forest King" and pay attention to

a combination of melody and accompaniment, expressiveness and figurativeness.

After listening you will have to give a musical description

(ballad “Forest King” sounds)

Slide 11 – 18 Listening: (04.32.)

In the ballad “The Forest King,” the composer saw a tragedy, felt pain and

the cry of the human soul.

After listening, children answer questions orally.

Slide 19 (open in order)

Genre- vocal ballad.

Composer- Franz Schubert.

Executor– soloist and accompanying piano.

Pace- fast, impetuous.

Dynamics- from P to F (contrasting)

Register– low and medium (accompaniment), medium and high (soloist)

Musical mode– minor (G minor)

Image– dramatic.

What did you hear in the accompaniment? Can you see it?

Does the accompaniment play the main visual role?

Accompaniment- rapid, intense movement (rider galloping)

Is the music expressive or visual?

Both expressive and figurative (expresses anxiety, depicts

movement)

Character of the music– impetuous, excited, rushing,

exciting, sweet, mesmerizing, crazy, scared.

Slide 20

There are four characters in the ballad.

What intonations did you hear in each image?

Narrator– excited;

Father– anxious;

Son- frightened, choking;

Forest king– sweetly enticing, and then threatening.

Conclusion: Intonations – figurative, expressive, traceable

contrast of intonation.

Slide 21 Fizminutka

Slide 22 (picture) So, let's continue the lesson and summarize

heard:

Guys, what kind of atmosphere is created in the work? (anxiety,

premonition of death, tragedy)

What is the attitude of the forest king towards the baby? (he wants to get it to

yourself, separate from your father, take your life)

Why doesn't father see the forest king? (he believes that this is nonsense, a dream of a patient

baby)

Is it possible to say for sure whether this is a dream or reality, whether it really exists?

the forest king as a representative of the wonderful, unreal world or is it just

baby's sleep? (no, it remains a mystery, a mystery)

Slide 23

Teacher: Now let's identify the images, colors, sounds and feelings

the real world and the unreal (fantastic) world.

Real world

Images: father, baby, horse, forest,

Paints: darkness, night, haze, fog,

dark branches.

Sounds: rustling trees, alarming

Feelings: human warmth

love, anxiety, fear, excitement.

Fantasy world

Images: forest king, daughters

forest king

Paints: turquoise and pearl flowers

streams, golden palaces.

soothing intonations.

Feelings: cold, visions,

promising joy and peace.

Conclusion: Let's compare two worlds, real and fantastic:

The other world of the forest king seems more attractive than the real one.

But what is missing from his world? (Feeling of love - human love.)

What does it mean to “go to the king of the forest”? (To die, to lose warmth, love).

This is why a child experiences horror: not joy, but fun awaits him.

the king of the forest, but the absence of love.

Why couldn't the father save his son? (It was too late to believe in his dreams).

Conclusion: two worlds - the ghostly, magnificent, but cold world of the kingdom

forest king and unattractive in appearance, but warmed by the warmth of feeling -

the real world.

Teacher: All your conclusions on literary and musical options

works once again prove that before us is one of the most striking

genres of romanticism - ballad.

Slide 24

Compare the language of three works of art - literary,

musical and picturesque.

What means of expression of each type of art create a single

dramatic - intense image?

Students: Literature uses - words, music - sounds, painting -

Conclusion: As we see in poetry, and in music, and in painting, it is drawn

large dramatic picture, a scene involving several actors

persons But even if we heard some of their intonations, the whole scene

merges in our minds into a single dramatic image, united

rapid movement; not only the movement of a horse flying through the forest,

but also by the movement of the feelings of the main characters.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that all these types of art do not imitate

each other, do not illustrate each other, but exist independently.

Slide 25 Teacher: In the previous lesson we learned Franz's song

Schubert "Let's hit the road".

What image is shown in this song?

Students: Image of movement, water cycle.

Teacher: This is a very symbolic piece. Mill water wheel

as a symbol of eternity. We cannot stop in life, we must

constantly moving forward. Life is a constant movement.

Execution songs "On the Road" (02.00) Well done!

Schubert's unique music can help a person in difficult times

minutes of his life, giving him hope and faith in his own strength. Very

I would like this faith to live in each of us.

Slide 26 - 32 Digital dictation on the topic of the lesson (consolidation

passed) Submission of grades to the journal.

material:

Teacher: And now I ask you to think and answer any question

(questions appear on the screen (students’ statements)

Slide 34 House. exercise: I invite you to come into contact with

Goethe's poetry - practice reading the ballad "The Forest King", and

in the next lesson, try to convey your

understanding and own feelings that arose during acquaintance with this

amazing music of the First Romantic and unique composer -

19th century songwriter Franz Schubert.

Teacher: Guys, thank you for your work in class.

I think you were interested in getting to know creativity today

amazing composer, Franz Schubert.

How wonderful it is that there are composers whose music helps

a person better understands himself and other people.

And your soulful performance of the song sincerely pleased me, and I

I am convinced: you are happy children, because your hearts are filled with music.

Slide 35(Goodbye! See you again!)

Digital dictation on the lesson topic

Test 1 option

Test option 2

1. In what country was F. Schubert born?

1). France

2). Italy

1). Schiller

3). Shakespeare

3. How many characters are there in a ballad song?

"Forest King"?

4. Which character in the ballad is speaking?

affectionately, insinuatingly, softly, enticingly?

2). Forest king

5. What's in the musical accompaniment

ballads help you feel

dramatic image?

1). Dotted rhythm

2). March rhythm

3). The rhythm of a mad ride

6. What images influenced the construction

of all musical development?

1). Love and hate

2). War and Peace

3). Life and death

2. At what age did Schubert write

"Forest King"?

2. Who did the best translation of the ballad?

1). Pushkin

2). Lermontov

3). Zhukovsky

3. What image is in the ballad song “Lesnoy”

1). Lyrical

2). Dramatic

1). Excitedly

2). Fascinating

3). Insinuatingly

5. What character does it characterize?

smooth, rounded, melodious melody?

3). Forest king

6. What is the overall character of the ballad?

1). Quiet and calm

2). Worried and anxious

3). Cheerful and mischievous

1 option

Option 2

Answers for mutual verification: 6 – “5” 5 – “4”

(students check each other’s answers and give grades)

ANNEX 1.

ANNEX 1. 211-341-130
(Questions are distributed among desks for pair work along with various biography options depending on the individual characteristics of the children.)
1. Who is Franz Schubert?

7. Which works became most famous during Schubert's lifetime?

14. What musical movement was Schubert a representative of?

Franz Schubert (1797–1828) was an Austrian composer. Born into the family of a school teacher. In 1808–12 he was a choirmaster at the Vienna Court Chapel. He was brought up in the Vienna Convict.
In 1814–18 he was an assistant teacher at his father's school. By 1816, Schubert had created over 250 songs. A circle of friends formed around Schubert - admirers of his work. Singer I.M. Fogl became a promoter of his songs. Recognition came to Schubert only in the 20s. In 1828, a few months before Schubert's death, his author's concert took place in Vienna, which was a great success.
The most important place in Schubert's work is occupied by songs for voice and piano (about 600). One of the greatest melodists, Schubert reformed the song genre, endowing it with deep content. Schubert also created a new type of song with end-to-end development, as well as the first highly artistic examples of the vocal cycle. Schubert's songs use poems from about 100 poets, primarily Goethe (about 70 songs). During Schubert's lifetime, it was mainly his songs that became famous. Many major instrumental works were performed only decades after his death (“The Great” Symphony was performed in 1839, under the direction of F. Mendelssohn; “The Unfinished Symphony” - in 1865).

In Schubert's instrumental music, based on the traditions of composers of the Viennese classical school, song-type thematics acquired great importance. The composer sought to preserve the melodious lyrical theme as a whole, giving it new illumination through tonal recoloring, timbre and texture variations.

Read the biography of Franz Schubert and answer the following questions:
2. When and where was Franz Schubert born?

11. What kind of person was Schubert?

15. When did Schubert achieve real success?
(Write your answers in your notebook, number the questions in the order indicated.)
Franz Schubert was born on January 31, 1797 on the outskirts of Vienna. His father was a school teacher - a hardworking and respectable man. The eldest sons followed in their father's footsteps, and the same path was prepared for Schubert. But there was also music in the house. On holidays, a circle of amateur musicians gathered here; Franz’s father himself taught him to play the violin, and one of his brothers taught him to play the clavier.
It soon became clear to those around him that in front of them was an unusually gifted child. When Schubert was 11 years old, he was sent to a church singing school - konvikt. It had its own student orchestra, where Schubert soon began playing the first violin part, and sometimes even conducting.
In 1810, Schubert wrote his first composition. The passion for music embraced him more and more and gradually crowded out all other interests. He was oppressed by the need to study something that was far from music, and after five years, without finishing his convict, Schubert left it. This led to a deterioration in relations with his father, who was still trying to guide his son “on the right path.” Yielding to him, Franz entered the teachers' seminary, and then acted as an assistant teacher at his father's school. But the father’s intentions to make his son a teacher with a reliable income were never destined to come true.
He was short, stocky, short-sighted, shy and distinguished by extraordinary charm. The famous “Schubertiads” date back to this time - evenings devoted exclusively to the music of Schubert, when he did not leave the piano, composing music right there on the go... He creates every day, hourly, without fatigue and stopping, as if he knows that He didn't have much time left... The music didn't leave him even in his sleep - and he jumped up in the middle of the night to write it down on scraps of paper. In order not to look for glasses every time, he did not part with them.
Trusting and naive, he often became a victim of his publishers, who profited from him. The author of a huge number of works, and in particular songs, which during his lifetime became popular in burgher circles, he barely made ends meet. If Mozart, Beethoven, Liszt, Chopin, as excellent performing musicians, greatly contributed to the growth of the popularity of their works, Schubert was not a virtuoso and only dared to act as an accompanist for his songs. And there is nothing to say about the symphonies - not a single one of them was ever performed during the composer’s lifetime.
More and more, Schubert plunged into despair and loneliness: the circle fell apart, his friends became family people with a position in society, and only Schubert remained naively faithful to the ideals of his youth, which had already passed. He was timid and did not know how to ask, but at the same time he did not want to humiliate himself in front of influential people - several places that he had the right to count on and that would have provided him with a comfortable existence were, as a result, given to other musicians.
In the last years of his life he was ill a lot and was in poverty, but his creative activity did not weaken. And yet, even if only once, he learned what real success was. In 1828, his friends organized a concert of his works in Vienna, which exceeded all expectations. Schubert is again full of daring plans, he is working intensively on new works. But there are several months left before death - Schubert falls ill with typhus. The body, weakened by years of need, cannot resist, and on November 19, 1828, Franz Schubert dies. His property is valued at pennies.
Read the biography of Franz Schubert and answer the following questions:
3. Who were Schubert's parents?

9. What role does piano accompaniment play in Schubert’s songs?

10. Which singer began to promote Schubert’s work?
(Write your answers in your notebook, number the questions in the order indicated.)
Franz Peter Schubert is an outstanding Austrian composer, one of the founders of romanticism in music. Born on January 31, 1797 in Lichtenthal, a small suburb of Vienna. The son of a school teacher and the daughter of a mechanic. Quartet evenings at his father’s house played a major role in Schubert’s musical development: Schubert’s brothers, Ferdinand and Ignaz, played the 1st and 2nd violin parts, Schubert himself played the viola part, and his father played the cello part.
Participating in the boys' choir of the Lichtenthal Church, Schubert also performed as a soloist, impressing listeners with the beauty of his voice and the expressiveness of his singing. In October 1808, Schubert was accepted as one of the "singing boys" of the Court Chapel. He began to live and study in the Vienna Convict (a kind of boarding house and boarding school). While playing in the Konvikt student orchestra, Schubert became familiar with the music of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.
At the age of 13, Schubert was already the author of a number of works. His first major work was a fantasy for piano 4 hands, written in 1810. After the mutation of his voice, Schubert left convict without completing secondary education. In accordance with family traditions, at the insistence of his father, in the fall of 1813 he entered the teachers' seminary. Despite being very busy, Schubert composed a lot and continuously, improving his skills. Working as a school teacher, he devoted all his free hours to creativity.
Vocal and song lyrics occupy a central place in Schubert's work. Schubert wrote about 600 songs. The theme of personality in Schubert's songs is combined with the theme of nature, characteristic of the romantics. Images of nature (stream, forest, field, flowers) found a vivid artistic embodiment in their music. Schubert's songs are dominated by a clear, simple and very soulful melody. Piano accompaniment is often figurative in nature, but at the same time figurativeness is combined with deep psychological expressiveness. The piano part participates on equal terms with the vocals in creating a musical and poetic image. Schubert can rightfully be considered the founder of romantic vocal lyrics.
Attempts by Schubert and his friends to get his works published during these years were unsuccessful; only a narrow circle of friends and admirers knew about his creative achievements. Only after the magnificent singer and artist of the Vienna Opera, Michael Vogl, became interested in his songs in 1817 and began performing them, did Schubert’s name begin to become increasingly famous in Vienna. Often in the evenings, friends would have fun dancing to the sounds of Schubert's waltzes, which he immediately improvised. From time to time, evenings were held in a friendly circle, at which Schubert's works were played (these evenings were called "Schubertiads").
Beginning around 1821, Schubert's music became available to wider circles of Viennese society. These were mainly songs, in the propaganda of which the singer Vogl played a large role, as well as small piano pieces (dances). In 1821, the publication of Schubert's works also began - the composer's friends published several of his works at their own expense, after which Viennese publishers decided to print his works at their own peril and risk. However, mainly songs and piano dances were published. Schubert's more significant instrumental works still awaited publication for a long time.

Schubert lived only thirty-one years. He died exhausted physically and mentally, exhausted by failures in life. None of the composer's nine symphonies were performed during his lifetime. Of the six hundred songs, about two hundred were published, and of the two dozen piano sonatas, only three.

Read the biography of Franz Schubert and answer the following questions:
4. At what age was Schubert accepted into the court chapel?

5. Where did Schubert receive his musical education?

6. At what age did Schubert start composing?

16. How many years did Schubert live?

(Write your answers in your notebook, number the questions in the order indicated.)
Franz Peter Schubert is a famous composer. Born in Vienna on January 31, 1797, died there on November 19, 1828. Schubert's richly gifted musical nature showed itself very early; This was facilitated by the musical environment of his family that surrounded him. The family loved music very much and constantly organized musical evenings. His father played the cello, and his brothers played various instruments.
Having discovered little Franz's musical abilities, his father and older brother Ignatz began to teach him to play the violin and piano. Soon the boy was able to take part in home performances of string quartets, playing the viola part. Franz had a wonderful voice. He sang in the church choir, performing difficult solo parts. The father was pleased with his son's success.
In October 1808, Schubert was accepted as one of the "singing boys" of the Court Chapel; he began to live and study in the Vienna Konvikt (a kind of boarding house and boarding school). After leaving the chapel, Schubert lived by lessons. He studied mainly Gluck, Mozart and Beethoven.
In the field of song, Schubert was the successor of the latter. Thanks to Schubert, singing received an artistic form, enriching the field of concert vocal music. In all these works, Schubert showed remarkable melodic talent and a great variety of moods; he gave the accompaniment greater significance, greater artistic meaning. Schubert did not try, like his predecessors, to imitate the national character, but his songs involuntarily reflected the national current, and they became the property of the country. Schubert wrote almost 600 songs. Beethoven enjoyed his songs in the last days of his life.
Schubert's amazing musical gift was reflected in the areas of piano and symphony. Schubert is the successor of Beethoven. In the field of opera, Schubert was not so gifted; although he wrote about 20 of them, they will add little to his fame. Schubert's musical output was enormous. Starting from the 13th year of his life, he composed incessantly. The slightest prompting was enough to awaken Schubert's constantly restless spirit.
Schubert's element was song. In it he reached unprecedented heights. Her world is a world of simple and intimate human feelings, the most subtle and deep psychological experiences. This is a confession of the soul, expressed not with a pen or a word, but with sound. He elevated the genre, previously considered insignificant, to the level of artistic perfection.
In the highest circle, where Schubert was invited to accompany his vocal compositions, he was extremely reserved, was not interested in praise and even avoided it; Among his friends, on the contrary, he highly valued approval. The rumor about Schubert's intemperance had some basis: he often drank too much and then became hot-tempered and unpleasant to his circle of friends.
According to biographers, Schubert never changed anything in his compositions, because he did not have it for that time. He did not spare his health and, in the prime of his life and talent, died at the age of 31. The last year of his life, despite his poor health, was especially fruitful: it was then that he wrote a symphony in C major and a mass in es minor. During his lifetime he did not enjoy outstanding success. After his death, a mass of manuscripts remained that later saw the light (6 masses, 7 symphonies, 15 operas, etc.).

Read the biography of Franz Schubert and answer the following questions:
8. How many songs did Schubert write?

12. What were the names of Schubert’s musical meetings with friends?

13. Which composer did Schubert idolize?
(Write your answers in your notebook, number the questions in the order indicated.)
Franz Peter Schubert is an outstanding Austrian composer, one of the founders of romanticism in music. He wrote about 600 songs, nine symphonies (including the famous Unfinished Symphony), liturgical music, operas, and a large amount of chamber and solo piano music.
Franz Schubert was born on January 31, 1797 in Lichtenthal, a small suburb of Vienna, in the family of a schoolteacher who played music as an amateur. Of the fifteen children in the family, ten died at an early age. Franz showed musical talent very early. From the age of six he studied at a parish school, and his household taught him to play the violin and piano.
At the age of eleven, Franz was accepted into the Konvict - the court chapel, where, in addition to singing, he studied playing many instruments and music theory (under the guidance of Antonio Salieri). Leaving the chapel in 1813, Schubert took a job as a teacher at a school. He studied mainly Gluck, Mozart and Beethoven. He wrote his first independent works - the opera "Satan's Pleasure Castle" and the Mass in F major - in 1814.
In the field of song, Schubert was a successor to Beethoven. Thanks to Schubert, this genre received an artistic form, enriching the field of concert vocal music. Of great importance in vocal literature are Schubert’s large collections of songs based on the poems of Wilhelm Müller - “The Beautiful Miller’s Wife” and “Winter Reise”, which are, as it were, a continuation of Beethoven’s idea expressed in the collection of songs “To a Distant Beloved”. In all these works Schubert showed remarkable melodic talent and a wide variety of moods; he gave the accompaniment greater meaning, greater artistic meaning. The collection “Swan Song” is also remarkable, from which many songs have gained worldwide fame (for example, “Serenade”, “Shelter”, “Fisherman”, “By the Sea”. Schubert did not try, like his predecessors, to imitate the folk character, but in his The songs involuntarily reflected the national trend, and they became the property of the country. Beethoven enjoyed his songs in the last days of his life. Starting from 1813, he composed continuously.
In many ways, Schubert was helped by friends; often their meetings were devoted entirely to music. Works by Schubert were played. Sometimes there were parties, dancing, and Franz sat at the piano for hours and improvised. Such meetings were called “Schubertiads”.
In the highest circle, where Schubert was invited to accompany his vocal compositions, he was extremely reserved, was not interested in praise and even avoided it; Among his friends, on the contrary, he highly valued approval. According to biographers, Schubert never changed anything in his compositions, because he did not have it for that time. He did not spare his health and, in the prime of his life and talent, died at the age of 31. The last year of his life, despite his poor health, was especially fruitful. During his lifetime he did not enjoy outstanding success. After his death, a mass of manuscripts remained that later saw the light (6 masses, 7 symphonies, 15 operas, etc.).
The composer died of typhoid fever in Vienna on November 19, 1828. In accordance with his last wishes, Schubert was buried in the cemetery where Beethoven, whom he idolized, was buried a year earlier. An eloquent inscription is engraved on the monument: “Death buried here a rich treasure, but even more wonderful hopes.” A crater on Mercury is named after Schubert.

He said: “Never ask for anything! Never and nothing, and especially among those who are stronger than you. They will offer and give everything themselves!”

This quote from the immortal work “The Master and Margarita” characterizes the life of the Austrian composer Franz Schubert, familiar to most from the song “Ave Maria” (“Ellen’s Third Song”).

During his life, he did not strive for fame. Although the Austrian’s works were distributed from all salons in Vienna, Schubert lived extremely meagerly. Once the writer hung his coat on the balcony with the pockets turned inside out. This gesture was addressed to creditors and meant that there was nothing more to take from Schubert. Having known the sweetness of fame only fleetingly, Franz died at the age of 31. But centuries later, this musical genius became recognized not only in his homeland, but throughout the world: Schubert’s creative legacy is immense, he composed about a thousand works: songs, waltzes, sonatas, serenades and other compositions.

Childhood and adolescence

Franz Peter Schubert was born in Austria, near the picturesque city of Vienna. The gifted boy grew up in an ordinary poor family: his father, schoolteacher Franz Theodor, came from a peasant family, and his mother, cook Elisabeth (née Fitz), was the daughter of a repairman from Silesia. In addition to Franz, the couple raised four more children (out of 14 children born, 9 died in infancy).

It is not surprising that the future maestro showed an early love for sheet music, because music was constantly flowing in his house: Schubert the elder loved to play the violin and cello as an amateur, and Franz’s brother was fond of the piano and clavier. Franz Jr. was surrounded by a delightful world of melodies, as the hospitable Schubert family often received guests and organized musical evenings.

Noticing the talent of their son, who at the age of seven played music on the keyboard without studying notes, the parents sent Franz to the Lichtenthal parochial school, where the boy tried to master playing the organ, and M. Holzer taught young Schubert the vocal art, which he mastered brilliantly.

When the future composer was 11 years old, he was accepted as a choir member into the court chapel located in Vienna, and was also enrolled in the Konvikt boarding school, where he made his best friends. At the educational institution, Schubert zealously learned the basics of music, but the boy was not good at mathematics and the Latin language.

It is worth saying that no one doubted the talent of the young Austrian. Wenzel Ruzicka, who taught Franz the bass voice of polyphonic musical composition, once stated:

“I have nothing to teach him! He already knows everything from the Lord God.”

And in 1808, to the delight of his parents, Schubert was accepted into the imperial choir. When the boy was 13 years old, he independently wrote his first serious musical composition, and after 2 years the recognized composer Antonio Salieri began working with the young man, who did not even take any monetary compensation from the young Franz.

Music

When Schubert's sonorous, boyish voice began to break, the young composer was understandably forced to leave Konvikt. Franz's father dreamed that he would enter a teacher's seminary and follow in his footsteps. Schubert could not resist the will of his parent, so after graduation he began working at a school, where he taught the alphabet to junior grades.

However, a man whose life consisted of a passion for music did not like the noble work of teaching. Therefore, between lessons, which aroused nothing but contempt in Franz, he sat down at the table and composed works, and also studied the works of Gluck.

In 1814 he wrote the opera Satan's Pleasure Castle and a mass in F major. And by the age of 20, Schubert had become the author of at least five symphonies, seven sonatas and three hundred songs. Music did not leave Schubert’s thoughts for a minute: the talented composer woke up even in the middle of the night in order to have time to record the melody that sounded in his sleep.

In his free time from work, the Austrian organized musical evenings: acquaintances and close friends appeared in the house of Schubert, who did not leave the piano and often improvised.

In the spring of 1816, Franz tried to get a job as director of the choir, but his plans were not destined to come true. Soon, thanks to friends, Schubert met the famous Austrian baritone Johann Fogal.

It was this singer of romances who helped Schubert establish himself in life: he performed songs to the accompaniment of Franz in the music salons of Vienna.

But it cannot be said that the Austrian mastered the keyboard instrument as masterfully as, for example, Beethoven. He did not always make the right impression on the listening public, so Fogal received the attention of the audience at his performances.

In 1817, Franz became the author of the music for the song “Trout” based on the words of his namesake Christian Schubert. The composer also became famous thanks to the music for the famous ballad of the German writer “The Forest King,” and in the winter of 1818, Franz’s work “Erlafsee” was published by the publishing house, although before Schubert’s fame, the editors constantly found an excuse to refuse the young performer.

It is worth noting that during the years of peak popularity, Franz acquired profitable acquaintances. So, his comrades (writer Bauernfeld, composer Hüttenbrenner, artist Schwind and other friends) helped the musician with money.

When Schubert was finally convinced of his calling, he left his job at the school in 1818. But his father did not like his son’s spontaneous decision, so he deprived his now adult child of financial assistance. Because of this, Franz had to ask friends for a place to sleep.

Fortune in the composer's life was very changeable. The opera Alfonso and Estrella, composed by Schober, which Franz considered his success, was rejected. In this regard, Schubert's financial situation worsened. Also in 1822, the composer contracted an illness that undermined his health. In mid-summer, Franz moved to Zeliz, where he settled on the estate of Count Johann Esterhazy. There Schubert taught music lessons to his children.

In 1823, Schubert became an honorary member of the Styrian and Linz Musical Unions. In the same year, the musician composed the song cycle “The Beautiful Miller's Wife” based on the words of the romantic poet Wilhelm Müller. These songs tell about a young man who went in search of happiness.

But the young man’s happiness lay in love: when he saw the miller’s daughter, Cupid’s arrow rushed into his heart. But the beloved drew attention to his rival, a young hunter, so the joyful and sublime feeling of the traveler soon grew into desperate grief.

After the tremendous success of The Beautiful Miller's Wife in the winter and autumn of 1827, Schubert worked on another cycle called Winterreise. The music written to Müller's words is characterized by pessimism. Franz himself called his brainchild “a wreath of creepy songs.” It is noteworthy that Schubert wrote such gloomy compositions about unrequited love shortly before his own death.

Franz's biography indicates that at times he had to live in dilapidated attics, where, with the light of a burning torch, he composed great works on scraps of greasy paper. The composer was extremely poor, but he did not want to exist on the financial help of friends.

“What will happen to me...” wrote Schubert, “in my old age, perhaps, like Goethe’s harpist, I will have to go from door to door and beg for bread.”

But Franz could not even imagine that he would not grow old. When the musician was on the verge of despair, the goddess of fate smiled at him again: in 1828, Schubert was elected a member of the Vienna Society of Friends of Music, and on March 26, the composer gave his first concert. The performance was triumphant, and the hall was bursting with loud applause. On this day, Franz learned for the first and last time in his life what real success was.

Personal life

In life, the great composer was very timid and shy. Therefore, many of the writer’s circle profited from his gullibility. Franz's financial situation became a stumbling block on the path to happiness, because his beloved chose a rich groom.

Schubert's love was called Teresa Gorb. Franz met this person while in the church choir. It is worth noting that the fair-haired girl was not considered a beauty, but, on the contrary, had an ordinary appearance: her pale face was “decorated” by smallpox marks, and sparse and white eyelashes “flaunted” on her eyelids.

But it was not Schubert’s appearance that attracted him in choosing a lady of his heart. He was flattered that Teresa listened to music with awe and inspiration, and at these moments her face took on a ruddy appearance and happiness shone in her eyes.

But, since the girl was raised without a father, her mother insisted that she choose the latter between love and money. Therefore, Gorb married a wealthy pastry chef.

Other information about Schubert's personal life is very scarce. According to rumors, the composer was infected with syphilis in 1822, an incurable disease at that time. Based on this, it can be assumed that Franz did not disdain visiting brothels.

Death

In the autumn of 1828, Franz Schubert was tormented by a two-week fever caused by an infectious intestinal disease - typhoid fever. On November 19, at the age of 32, the great composer died.

The Austrian (in accordance with his last wish) was buried at the Wehring cemetery next to the grave of his idol, Beethoven.

• With the proceeds from the triumphal concert, which took place in 1828, Franz Schubert purchased a piano.
• In the fall of 1822, the composer wrote “Symphony No. 8,” which went down in history as the “Unfinished Symphony.” The fact is that Franz first created this work in the form of a sketch, and then in the score. But for some unknown reason, Schubert never finished working on his brainchild. According to rumors, the remaining parts of the manuscript were lost and were kept by friends of the Austrian.

• Some people mistakenly attribute to Schubert the authorship of the title of the impromptu play. But the phrase “Musical Moment” was invented by the publisher Leydesdorff.
• Schubert adored Goethe. The musician dreamed of getting to know this famous writer better, but his dream was not destined to come true.
• Schubert's major C major symphony was found 10 years after his death.

• The asteroid, which was discovered in 1904, was named after Franz's play Rosamund.
• After the composer's death, a mass of unpublished manuscripts remained. For a long time people did not know what Schubert composed.

Discography

Songs (over 600 in total)

• Cycle “The Beautiful Miller's Wife” (1823)
• Cycle "Winter Reise" (1827)
• Collection "Swan Song" (1827-1828, posthumous)
• About 70 songs based on Goethe's texts
• About 50 songs based on Schiller's texts

Symphonies

• First D major (1813)
• Second B major (1815)
• Third D major (1815)
• Fourth C minor “Tragic” (1816)
• Fifth B major (1816)
• Sixth C major (1818)

Quartets (22 in total)

• Quartet B major op. 168 (1814)
• Quartet g minor (1815)
• Quartet a minor op. 29 (1824)
• Quartet in d minor (1824-1826)
• Quartet G major op. 161 (1826)