Communion is the grace-filled introduction of the soul to eternal life. What is a participle

Participle - an independent part of speech that denotes an attribute of an object by action and answers a question Which? The participle has the characteristics of a verb and an adjective.

Morphological (grammatical) features of the participle:

Permanent(these are signs taken from the verb):

1. Lexical meaning(the meaning of an action; unlike an adjective, which denotes a permanent attribute of an object, a participle denotes an attribute of an object by action, i.e., a non-constant attribute that exists at the moment while the action is being performed: Fluffy kitten ( constant sign is an adjective) – playing kitten(a non-constant sign is a participle);

2.View- imperfect and perfect: who proposed (what did he do?) - who proposed what did he do?;

3.Time- present and past: sleeping - sleeping, reading - reading.

From verbs nes. V. you can form two present participles. vr. (offer, proposed) and one past participle. vr. (proposed). From verbs owls. V. Only past participles are formed. vr.: offered, bought, removed, offered, bought, removed; 4. Repayment: welcoming, pleasing - irrevocable; meeting, rejoicing - returnable; 5. Pledge- active and passive. Active participles denote the attribute of the person or thing that itself performs the action: looking at, looking at, looking at. Passive participles denote the attribute of the person or object to which the action is directed: considered, considered. Passive participles are formed only from transitive verbs. However, some transitive verbs cannot be used to form present participles. vr. with the suffixes -om-, -em-, -im-, in particular, from the verbs: protect, beat, take, wake up, call, write, drink. Some transitive verbs, such as wait, love, look at, push, do not have passive participle forms past. vr. 6. The participle preserves all lexical and syntactic connections, which the verb had: to head the government - heading the government, working on a book - working on a book, thinking deeply - thinking deeply.

Fickle(these are signs taken from the adjective)

1. They indicate a sign of a person or object.

2. They change according to numbers, genders and cases: sleeping child, sleeping daughter, sleeping children, to sleeping children.

3. Passive participles, like qualitative adjectives, except for the full one, have a short form: purchased goods - goods purchased, a child loved by everyone - loved by everyone.

4. Role in a sentence: there are only full participles definition, brief - only partly compound nominal predicate.

Formation of participles

Present participles are formed from the stem of the present tense verb: nes-ut→nes- ushch-y, bear- ohm th. Past participles are formed from the stem of the infinitive: brought-ti →brought- w-yy, brought- yonn th. Passive participles are formed from transitive verbs: decide→decide- eat-th.

Passive past participles - mainly from perfective verbs: decide →decide yonn-and I. Active present participles are formed using suffixes -ushch- (- ushch-) from verbs I sp., -ash- (-box-) from verbs II reference: carried ushch yay, game yushch yay; scream asch yay, white box yy. Present passive participles are formed using suffixes –eat-(-ohm-) from verbs I sp., -them- from verbs II reference: chita eat oh, ved ohm y; import them y.

Active past participles are formed using suffixes –vsh-(after a vowel) and –sh-(after a consonant): deciding Vsh yy, grew up w yy. Passive past participles are formed using suffixes –nn-, -enn-(-yonn-), -t-: read nn oh, brought it yonn oh, break it T y.

Spelling participles

1. The choice of vowel in the suffixes of present participles depends on the conjugation of the original verb: swaying(from sway - I sp.), wavering(from hesitate - I sp.); under construction(from build - II reference), visible(from see - II reference). ! from the verb disdain a participle is formed fastidious.

2. In passive past participles it is written –nn-, if the verb in the indefinite form ends in -at, -yat: write - written, dispel - scattered; is written –enn-(-yonn-), if the verb ends in -et, -it, -ti, -ch: see - seen, shoot - shot, save - saved, save - saved.

3. In the suffixes of passive past participles it is written nn , if these participles have prefixes or explanatory words: is right enne second manuscript, corrected enne and I proofreader manuscript.

4. In prefixless participles formed from perfective verbs, it is written nn : abandoned, given, bought, deprived, captured; and in some participles formed from imperfective verbs: seen, seen, heard, read. Exceptions: sworn brother, imprisoned father, smart boy.

5. Participles with suffix –ova-, –eva- are written with nn : a spoiled child, a risky project, an uprooted plot. In words forged, chewed combinations ov, ev are part of the root.

6. In short passive participles it is written n : The theorem is confusing. In short verbal adjectives it is preserved nn : Its capabilities are limited. But: The scope of work is limited by funds.

7. Case endings of participles are determined as for adjectives on the question: parting (what?) comrades.

8. Particle Not with participles it is written separately if there is a contrast with the conjunction A, or dependent words (participial phrase), or the participle is used in a short form: not a finished, but only a begun story; manuscript not returned to the author; not verified.

9. Together with Not are written together with full single participles or with participles that are not used without Not: unnoticed typos, an indignant look.

Participial is a participle with dependent words. The participial phrase standing after the word being defined is isolated: The waves, crushed by a heavy pile of ice, fell silent. The waves, crushed by a heavy pile of ice, fell silent. If the participial phrase has the meaning of reason or concession, then it is also isolated before the word being defined: Wounded in the arm, the commander did not leave the battlefield.

Use of participial phrase

ü The defined noun must appear either before the entire phrase or after it, but not inside the phrase. Wrong: A person cut off from reality has difficulty finding his place in life.(follows: A person cut off from reality...)

ü Participles have only two forms of tense - present and past, they do not have future tense. In these cases, the participial phrase is replaced by a subordinate attributive clause. Wrong: The student who writes the essay without a single mistake will receive a high mark.(follows: The student who writes...)

ü It is necessary to take into account the type (or time, or collateral) discrepancy: The book describes events taking place in the 15th century(follows: taking place in the 15th century); The toys produced by the Zagorsk factory are known all over the world.(follows: produced)

! Participles used without dependent words in a figurative meaning are adjectives; they can easily be replaced by synonyms: organized student (=strong-willed) - adjective , a hike organized by a teacher (the one that was organized)- participle.

! Completely lost verb features and became adjectives

–uch, -yuch, -ach, -yach: dense, prickly, recumbent, wandering;

*Words formed from verbs with a suffix –l: burnt, belated;

*Words formed from verbs with suffixes -n, -en, -yon , if they do not have dependent words: fried, braided;

*Compound words containing participle suffixes: all-crushing, half-burnt.

Morphological analysis of the participle

1. Initial form (Name, singular, male)

2. Permanent signs:

- active - passive;

- time;

3. Variable signs:

- genus;

- number;

- case;

- full-short form (for passive participles);

4. Function in a sentence.

Sample parsing of a participle

Introduction

I believe that the participle is one of the most difficult parts of speech. It depends on the grammatical indicators of the verb. Four, and if we take into account reflexive ones, then six participles are formed from transitive verbs of the imperfect form. So, from “read” there are six possible participles: reading, read, read and reflexive: read, read.

V.I. said very aptly about participles. Dahl, author of the famous dictionary: “The part of speech involved in the verb, in the form of an adjective.” Here attention is paid not only to the content, but also to the form of the participle, since in its “appearance” it really resembles an adjective: it changes by gender, number and case, agrees with nouns and answers the question which? Consequently, participles contain characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. This duality of the participle was also noticed by the ancient grammarians, giving it the name “participle”, i.e. participle of noun and verb. Combining features of different parts of speech in one word naturally makes these words richer in content, and therefore more economical, which was noted by M.V. Lomonosov: “These verbal names serve to shorten the human word, containing the name and the verb force. This property of participles to contain “had and the verb force” is widely used in writing, especially in fiction. Pictures of nature, portrait characteristics, internal The experiences of heroes are very often conveyed by writers through participles. But in ordinary colloquial speech, participles are harsh. A.S. Pushkin wrote about this: “Partipulations... are usually avoided in conversation. We don't say: a carriage galloping over a bridge; servant sweeping the room; we say: which gallops, which sweeps, etc. - replacing the expressive brevity of the participle with a sluggish turn of phrase"

In my essay I wanted to explain the most difficult points in education, use, etc. participles. The main difficulty and frequent mistakes arise from the fact that many people confuse participles with adjectives. By comparison, examples, and mistakes, you can still learn to write correctly and understand all the subtleties and depth of the great Russian language.

Participle

Participle is a hybrid verbal-adjective form, which in the school tradition is considered as a special verbal form. Participles connect the attributes of a verb and an adjective, expressing the meaning of a procedural attribute of an object. Verb signs of participles:

1. The nature of verbal control is preserved (for example: dreaming of freedom - dreaming of freedom);

2. The form of the corresponding verb is preserved;

3. The participle has two voice forms (in accordance with the two-voice concept) - active and passive voice (for example: permitted - active voice, permitted - passive voice);

4. The participle has two tense forms - present (loving, beloved) and past (loved) tense.

All verbal features of participles are constant, variable features are the features of an adjective: gender, number, case, full or short (for passive participles) form and the corresponding inflection in the sentence - predicate or attribute.

Present participles are formed from the verbal stem of the present tense using the suffixes -уш-/-уж, -аш/-яж- - active participles, suffixes -ем-, -ом-, -im- - passive participles. Past participles are formed from a stem with an infinitive stem. In this case, to form active participles, the suffixes -vsh- are used if the stem ends in a vowel (for example: hear-t - heard) or -sh- if the stem ends in a consonant (for example: brought-ti - brought-shiy). When forming passive past participles, the suffixes -nn- are added to the verb stem if the stem ends in a vowel, except for /i/ (for example: vesha-t - hanged), -enn if the stem ends in a consonant or /i/, and in the latter case /and/ drops out (for example: shoot-t - shot, bring-ti - brought), -t- - to form participles from some verbs of unproductive classes with stems on i-, ы-, o -, as well as from verbs of the IV productive class (for example: sew-t - sewn, wash - washed, stabbed - stabbed, turn - turned). The initial form of the participle, like the adjective, is the nominative singular masculine case.

A common feature of the use of participles is that they belong to bookish speech. This is explained by the history of participles.

The main categories of participles relate to elements of the literary language, borrowed from the Old Church Slavonic language, which affects a number of their phonetic features, for example, the presence of у in present participles: current, burning, which correspond to the adjectives flowing, hot, which are Old Russian participles in origin, and also present in a number of participles before a hard consonant under the stress e, while in the verbs from which they are formed, under the same conditions there is e (o): he came, but came, invented, but invented, blossomed, but blossomed.

The connection of participles with the Old Church Slavonic language in the 18th century. noted by Lomonosov, who in his “Russian Grammar” explains about several categories of participles that they are used only from Slavic verbs and are unacceptable from Russians. Thus, he writes: “The active voice of the tense of the present participle ending in -schie is derived from verbs of Slavic origin: crowning, writing, nourishing; and they are very indecent from simple Russian ones, which are unknown among the Slavs: speaking, chomping.” He notes the same regarding the passive participles of the present tense “From Russian verbs, which were not in use among the Slavs, produced, for example: touched, rocked, soiled, are very wild and unbearable to the ear,” and regarding the past participles of the active voice: “... for example, blurted out, blurted out, dived, dived, very disgusting." At the same time, Lomonosov also notes the greater relevance of participles for high styles of speech, pointing out that they “are more appropriately used in rhetorical and poetic works than in simple calm, or in common speech.”

At present, two centuries after Lomonosov, there are no restrictions on the formation of participles from purely Russian verbs alien to the Old Church Slavonic language. And the examples of unacceptable participles demonstrated by Lomonosov do not create the impression of an insult to the linguistic sense, which he speaks about with such categoricalness, and are quite acceptable. The main categories of full participles are productive and are easily formed from any verbs, including new formations (vernalized, vernalized, vernalized). The least common passive participles of the present tense, but in some types of verbs they are also productive (clogged, formed, stored) and unproductive only with the suffix -om- (carried, driven, sought).

But even now, firstly, participles are part of the literary language (they are absent in dialects); secondly, they almost never appear in colloquial speech.

Standing apart are the short participles of the past tense of the passive voice (written, brought, poured), which are widely used in everyday speech and used in dialects.

On the contrary, for different styles of book speech, full participles represent one of the most necessary means, which is used extremely widely. This is due to the fact that participles contribute to the conciseness of speech, making it possible to replace subordinate clauses; compare: Enterprises that fulfilled the plan ahead of schedule and Enterprises that fulfilled the plan ahead of schedule; A delegate elected by the general meeting and a Delegate elected by the general meeting. In newspaper speech, phrases with participles are almost always preferred.

Participles are close in meaning to adjectives and often turn into adjectives. The general difference between participles and adjectives is that a participle denotes a temporary attribute of an object, created by the action of the object itself (real participles) or an action carried out on this object (passive participle), while an adjective denotes a permanent attribute of an object, for example: flying seeds are seeds that fly are in motion, and flying seeds are seeds that have structural features that make them easy to fly and carried by the wind. The adjective, on the contrary, only characterizes the object and does not give information about what state it is in, so the phrase is possible: The earth was covered with flying maple seeds, although these seeds lie motionless on the ground.

Sacrament Participles established by the Lord Himself last supper- the last meal with the disciples on Easter night before His capture and crucifixion.

“And while they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and broke it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat: this is My body. And, taking the cup and giving thanks, he gave it to them and said: drink from it, all of you, for this is My Blood of the New Testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins" (Matthew 26:26-28), "... do this in remembrance of Me" (Luke 22:19). In the Sacrament of the Flesh and Blood of the Lord ( Eucharist - Greek. “thanksgiving”) there is a restoration of that unity between the nature of the Creator and the creation that existed before the Fall; this is our return to paradise lost. We can say that in Communion we receive, as it were, the embryos of future life in the Kingdom of Heaven. The mystical mystery of the Eucharist is rooted in the Savior's Sacrifice on the Cross. Having crucified His Flesh on the cross and shed His Blood, the God-man Jesus offered the Sacrifice of Love for us to the Creator and restored fallen human nature. Thus, the communion of the Body and Blood of the Savior becomes our participation in this restoration. « Christ is risen from the dead, death by death trampled down, and gave life to those in the tombs; and giving us eternal life...”

Eating the Flesh and Blood of Christ in the Sacrament of the Eucharist is not a symbolic action (as Protestants believe), but quite real. Not everyone can accommodate this secret.

« Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.”

He who eats My Flesh and drinks My Blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.

For My Flesh is truly food, and My Blood is truly drink.

He who eats My Flesh and drinks My Blood abides in Me, and I in him.

Just as the living Father sent Me, and I live through the Father, so he who eats Me will also live through Me.

This is the bread that came down from heaven. Not as your fathers ate manna and died: whoever eats this bread will live forever.

…………………………………………

Many of His disciples, hearing this, said: What strange words! who can listen to this?

…………………………………………

From that time on, many of His disciples departed from Him and no longer walked with Him” (John 6:53–58, 60, 66).

Rationalists try to “bypass” the mystery, reducing mysticism to a symbol. The proud perceive what is inaccessible to their reason as an insult: Leo Tolstoy blasphemously called the sacrament “cannibalism.” For others it is a wild superstition, for others it is an anachronism. But the children of the Church of Christ know that in the Sacrament of the Eucharist, under the guise of bread and wine, they truly partake of the Body and Blood of Christ in Their essence. Indeed, it is not human nature to eat raw flesh and blood, and therefore at Communion the Gifts of Christ are hidden under the image of bread and wine. Nevertheless, hidden under the outer shell of perishable matter is the incorruptible substance of the Divine nature. Sometimes, by special permission, the Lord lifts this veil of mystery and allows those in doubt to see the true nature of the Holy Gifts. In particular, in my personal practice there were two cases when the Lord wanted to allow those who were communing to see His Body and Blood in their authentic form. Both times were first communions; in one case, a person was sent to the Church by psychics for their own reasons. In another, the reason for coming to the temple was very superficial curiosity. After such a wonderful event, both became faithful children of the Orthodox Church.

How can we at least approximately understand the meaning of what is happening in the Sacrament of Communion? The nature of creation was created by the Creator akin to Himself: not only permeable, but also, as it were, inseparable from the Creator. This is natural given the holiness of created nature - its original state of free unity and submission to the Creator. The angelic worlds are in this state. However, nature our the world is distorted and perverted by the fall of its guardian and leader - man. Nevertheless, she did not lose the opportunity to reunite with the nature of the Creator: the clearest evidence of this is the incarnation of the Savior. But man fell away from God voluntarily, and he can also reunite with Him only through free will (even the incarnation of Christ required the consent of a person - the Virgin Mary!). In the same time deification inanimate, without free will, nature, God can do it naturally, without permission . Thus, in the divinely established Sacrament of Communion, the grace of the Holy Spirit at the established moment of the service (and also at the request of a person!) descends on the substance of bread and wine and offers them into a substance of a different, higher nature: the Body and Blood of Christ. And now a person can accept these highest Gifts of Life only by showing his free will! The Lord gives Himself to everyone, but those who believe Him and love Him—the children of His Church—accept Him.

So, Communion is the grace-filled communion of the soul with the higher nature and in it with eternal life. Reducing this greatest mystery to the realm of an everyday image, we can compare Communion with the “nutrition” of the soul, which it should receive after its “birth” in the Sacrament of Baptism. And just as a person is born into the world by flesh once, and then feeds for the rest of his life, so Baptism is a one-time event, and we must resort to Communion regularly, preferably at least once a month, possibly more often. Communion once a year is the minimum acceptable, but such a “hungry” regime can bring the soul to the brink of survival.

How is Communion celebrated in the Church?

It is necessary to properly prepare for participation in the Eucharist. A meeting with God is an event that shakes the soul and transforms the body. Worthy communion requires a conscious and reverent attitude towards this event. There must be sincere faith in Christ and an understanding of the meaning of the Sacrament. We must have reverence for the Savior’s Sacrifice and an awareness of our unworthiness to accept this great Gift (we accept It not as a well-deserved reward, but as a manifestation of the mercy of a loving Father). There must be reconciliation of the soul: you need to sincerely forgive in your heart everyone who has “saddened us” in one way or another (remembering the words of the Lord’s Prayer: “And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors”) and try, if possible, to reconcile with them ; This applies even more to those who, for one reason or another, consider themselves offended by us. Before Communion, one should read the prayers defined by the Church and compiled by the holy fathers, which are called: “Following to Holy Communion”; These prayer texts are present, as a rule, in all editions of Orthodox prayer books (collections of prayers). It is advisable to discuss the exact amount of reading of these texts with the priest to whom you turn for advice and who knows the specifics of your life. After the Sacrament of Communion is performed, it is necessary to read “Prayers of Thanksgiving for Holy Communion.” Finally, preparing to accept into yourself - into your flesh and into your soul - the Mysteries of the Body and Blood of Christ, terrible in their greatness, you must cleanse yourself with body and soul. Fasting and Confession serve this purpose.

Corporal fasting involves abstaining from eating savory food. The duration of fasting before Communion is usually up to three days. Directly on the eve of Communion, one must abstain from marital relations and from midnight one must not eat any food (in fact, one must not eat or drink anything in the morning before the service). However, in specific cases, significant deviations from these norms are possible; They should, again, be discussed individually.

Communion in Church

The Sacrament of Communion itself takes place in the Church at a service called liturgy . As a rule, the liturgy is celebrated in the first half of the day; The exact start time of services and the days they take place should be found out directly in the temple you are going to go to. Services usually begin between seven and ten o'clock in the morning; The duration of the liturgy, depending on the nature of the service and partly on the number of communicants, is from one and a half to four to five hours. In cathedrals and monasteries, liturgies are served daily; in parish churches on Sundays and church holidays. It is advisable for those preparing for Communion to attend the service from the beginning (for this is a single spiritual action), and also to attend the evening service the day before, which is prayerful preparation for the Liturgy and the Eucharist.

During the liturgy, you need to remain in the church without going out, prayerfully participating in the service until the priest comes out of the altar with a cup and proclaims: “Pray approach with the fear of God and faith.” Then the communicants line up one after another in front of the pulpit (first children and the infirm, then men and then women). Hands should be folded crosswise on the chest; You are not supposed to be baptized in front of the cup. When your turn comes, you need to stand in front of the priest, say your name and open your mouth so that you can put in a spoon with a particle of the Body and Blood of Christ. The liar must be thoroughly licked with his lips, and after wiping his lips with the cloth, reverently kiss the edge of the bowl. Then, without venerating the icons or talking, you need to move away from the pulpit and take a drink - St. water with wine and a particle of prosphora (in this way, it is as if the oral cavity is washed, so that the smallest particles of the Gifts are not accidentally expelled from oneself, for example, when sneezing). After communion, you need to read (or listen in Church) prayers of thanksgiving and in the future carefully guard your soul from sins and passions.

Participle– a part of speech, which is a special form of a verb that denotes signs of action. Answers questions such as “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, “which?”.

As a verbal form, participles have the following grammatical features:

Type: perfect and imperfect (for example: evening (what?) dozing(what to do? - take a nap); the cat jumped(what to do? - jump);
Time: present and past (grandfather (what?) dozing, cat (what?) escaped);
Refundability: returnable and non-refundable.

Morphological and syntactic features of participles

There are scientists who believe that the participle is an independent part of speech, because it has characteristics that are not characteristic of the verb. In particular, participles have some features of adjectives, such as

object attribute designation
and agreement with the noun (that is, the same gender, number and case).

Participles are active and passive, some have full and short forms. The short form of the participle in a sentence plays the role of the nominal part of the compound predicates. For example: Textbook revealed on page ten.

Participles can be inflected by case, number and gender, like adjectives. Even though participles have verbal characteristics, in a sentence they are definitions. For example: A lost book, a lost briefcase, a lost panel.

Participles have an initial form, but only participles that are formed from imperfective verbs have it. Active and passive participles are formed using suffixes.

Types of participles and their examples.

Passive participles.

Passive participles- these are those participles that denote a characteristic created in one object under the influence of another. Passive participles are formed only from transitive verbs. For example: A picture (what?) drawn or drawn by a student.

Formed from verb stems in the present and past tenses using suffixes:

-om- (-em-) – for verbs of the first conjugation
-im- – for verbs of II conjugation
-nn-, -enn-, -t- – from the stems of verbs in the past tense

Examples: read, carried, kindled, divided, heard, sown, broken, baked. trimmed, beaten, split

Active participles.

Active participle is a participle that denotes a characteristic produced by the subject/object itself. For example: Boy painting a picture.

Active participles are formed from verbs in the present and past tenses using suffixes

In Russian lessons we all studied the participle. However, linguists still do not have a common opinion on what a participle is. Some consider it a special form of the verb, others define the participle as an independent part of speech. Let's try to figure out what a participle is: the Russian language and its answers.

Definition of participle

Conventionally, a participle is a special form of a verb that denotes the attribute of an object or object by action, and answers the questions: which?, which?, which?, which?. In addition, the participle combines the characteristics of both a verb and an adjective.

Participle and adjective

Participles have many similarities with adjectives. Participles are inflected - agree with the noun in gender, number, case. The initial form of the participle has the same characteristics - masculine, singular, nominative case. For example, reflective, coloring, flying. Participles, like adjectives, can have a short form.

Short Communion

What is a short participle is another question that linguists ask when arguing whether it is an adjective or a special part of speech. One way or another, the modern Russian language distinguishes two forms of participle - short and full. The short participle answers the questions: what has been done?, what has been done?, what has been done?, what have been done?.

For example, spilled - spilled, lost - lost. In a sentence, short participles are always a predicate: “the shop has been closed for several hours.”

Short participles are formed from the full form by adding a zero ending, as well as the endings “a”, “o” and “s”. For example, built – built; beveled - beveled.

Participle and verb

The participle has common morphological properties with verbs - reflexivity, transitivity, aspect and tense. Moreover, unlike the verb, the participle does not have future tense forms. But only participles that are formed from imperfective verbs have present tense forms. For example, sit – sitting.

The most difficult moments are associated with the question of what a past participle is, namely with their formation. The following rules must be remembered:

Active past participles are formed from the infinitive with the addition of the suffixes “vsh” or “sh”, as well as the endings of adjectives. For example, hide - hidden; endure - endured.
Passive past participles are formed from the infinitive with the addition of the suffixes “nn”, “enn” and “t”, as well as the endings of adjectives. For example, do - done; contribute – contributed; shoe - shod.

Participle in a sentence

In a sentence, participles are a definition, less often part of a compound nominal predicate. Participles with dependent words: nouns, adverbs or adjectives form a participial phrase. In a sentence, it is usually separated by commas: “a dog running along the road”

It is customary to distinguish two types of participles: active and passive.

What is a passive participle

Passive participles denote a feature that is present in an object after the influence of another object or object. For example, a problem solved by a student is a problem that the student solved; lost fight by a boxer - a fight that a boxer lost.

What is a real participle

Active participles denote a characteristic that is created by the actions of the object or object itself. For example, a suffering man is a man who suffers; a running horse is a horse that runs.

It is worth remembering that a participle can be translated into an adjective or verb with dependent words. For example, a lying boy is a boy who was lying; a proven friend is a true friend. Sometimes you can form a short adjective from participles: a charming smile - a smile is charming.

What is communion in church

The word “communion” can mean not only a part of speech, but also the church rite of communion or the Eucharist.

During this rite, the believer must taste wine and bread, which symbolizes the flesh and blood of Jesus Christ. Communion or communion is done to come into close contact with God, which brings blessing.

At different times they received communion different numbers of times. In the Middle Ages, Christians observed the Eucharist every day, and since the 19th century this rite was performed twice in a lifetime - after birth and before death.