Blind musician self-doubt. Moral problems in the story by V. G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician. about his small victories over his illness, about the fact that a person

The most famous creation of V.G. Korolenko’s story “The Blind Musician: A Study,” which went through 15 reprints during his lifetime (a unique case testifying to the popularity of this work). The first edition was published already in 1886 (a year after the writer returned from exile and began actively publishing). The story was revised by the author; the text of the sixth edition (1898) is considered canonical.

In "The Blind Musician" Korolenko's moral, philosophical and aesthetic program is most fully realized. If we extract the parable-symbolic basis of the plot of the story, we are talking about the dominance of the light principle in a person, about the instinctive, innate movement towards the light, even if a person has never seen it, and this is precisely what is characteristic of the main character, blind from birth. The hero’s path was not easy, but it is the light, the already familiar “lights” from the prose miniature of the same name, that await us at the end of the path. This is the writer’s conviction.

The moral conflict is built on the basis of the hero’s natural disadvantage (blindness), which separates him from other people and makes him embittered towards others. Returning to people, overcoming selfishness and suffering became possible after the main character, Petrok, was able to feel the suffering of other people. It is universal solidarity, sharing one’s pain with everyone (based on folk spirituality) that becomes the path to the triumph of light, and therefore, what is actually human, according to Korolenko. The true essence of man triumphed when the main character realized that it was necessary not to blame everyone, but to serve people: in a small circle - to his wife and son, in a large circle - to all those who suffer. This is the only way to find a worthy place in the world, your need, your usefulness - this rule is valid for any person.

The story "The Blind Musician" embodies Korolenko's desire for a synthesis of realism and romanticism. Here it is easy to see both the tasks of this connection (the combination of the truth of life and the measure of the ideal), and its main techniques. Let us first indicate the signs of the penetration of romantic aesthetics into the realistic fabric of Korolenko’s world. Among them, firstly, the romantic poetics of the rare, unusual: before us is the story of a boy born blind; It is precisely on this out-of-the-ordinary - and not typical - material that universal human problems are revealed. Secondly, interest in the irrational, subconscious - as, for example, this is manifested in the climactic moment when Peter first took his son in his arms and seemed to see the light through his eyes (this, however, is also explained materialistically - through the biological memory of generations, dormant in the hero). Thirdly, the specific impressionistic, suggestive style of the story, the lyrical rhythm of speech. Fourthly, the romantic topic of synesthesia, mixing or substitution of types of sensory perception (as happens when a blind boy perceives the world). Fifthly, the story is based on a purely romantic understanding of music, which forms both the thematic level of the work (the model of art, the concept of the spiritual side of human existence) and the aforementioned impressionistic, rhythmic style.

The plot of the story is based on the triumph of the human spirit over matter. In this regard, the problem of art acquires decisive significance: it is precisely that spiritual, interhuman thing that unites despite grief and leads to happiness and the ideal. The mythopoeic beginning of folk art played a special role in the development of the hero’s aesthetic sense. In folk art, the very basis is that which becomes saving for the hero - overcoming individual grief together (modern art can be selfish).

The moral and philosophical concept of the story is also connected with the problem of education, which, in turn, revolves around the issue of freedom of choice: there is no need to keep the child in greenhouse conditions, trying to protect him from pain and difficulties (as the hero’s mother Anna Mikhailovna does), it is necessary to put he is face to face with a big, dramatic life (this path is opened for Peter by his uncle Maxim, who is also disabled, but in his case this was the result of a bright, rich life, and not of congenital biological impairment). It will not be possible to protect a child from pain, and the selfishness of suffering can only be overcome in the big world. It is necessary to give a person the opportunity to make his own choice, his own search. Once again we are faced with the author's specific trust in a person. Korolenko’s world is a world of hope for the triumph of a bright beginning and an intense movement towards this light, a bloodless, but extremely active struggle for it.

Lesson topic . Moral problems in V.G. Korolenko’s story “The Blind Musician.”

Lesson type : improvement of knowledge, skills and abilities, targeted application of assimilation.

Lesson type: Lesson – research with elements of analysis of 2 episodes.

The purpose of the lesson: Introduce students to V.G. Korolenko’s story “The Blind Musician.”

Educational

task: increasing the level of perception and depth of penetration

In literary text;

Show spiritual renewal of a person offended

Fate, the path to realizing your destiny.

Development objective:

Raising an attentive and thoughtful reader;

Ability to work with artwork

Analyze what you read, select the main thing;

Training in competent analysis of individual episodes;

Ability to speak.

Educational

task: to help students hear the moral sound

The story, its worldly wisdom;

Fostering tolerance and mercy.

Equipment: presentation,

Drawings by students for various episodes, musical accompaniment,

During the classes.

Stage 1. Entering into the topic of the lesson and

creating conditions for conscious perception of new material.

I. Organizational moment: Psychological mood of students.

(The teacher conducts an exercise with students to create a positive emotional mood. Light music plays)

Teacher. Hello! Smile at each other, guys! Sit down, girls, and now boys. Guys, take the sun of goodness and good mood in your hands. Look how it smiles at you. Smile at him too! Place this small piece of good mood on your right palm. Cover with your left. Feel how it warms you: your hands, your body, your soul. Amazing energy and goodness emanate from him. Mentally place the goodness and good mood of this sun in your heart. Do you feel new strength and energy appearing in you?! I want you to remember what you feel now, and for you to have the same feeling until the end of the lesson. I wish you success!

2. We are starting a literature lesson with you. This means that we will once again have a fascinating journey into the world of words. We will admire and be surprised again... Help me, guys! Continue! What else? (Learn new things, be happy, be upset, dream, be surprised, analyze, think, delve into the essence...). That's enough guys, well done! Thank you! We will need a textbook, pen, pencil. I wish everyone fruitful and interesting work, and many new discoveries! Comment: Children check the availability of necessary supplies at the workplace. Formation and development of students’ UUD:

– personal – acceptance and mastery of the student’s social role, development of motives for learning activities and the formation of the personal meaning of learning; a sense of beauty and aesthetic feelings based on familiarity with world and domestic artistic culture;

– cognitive – compare and classify according to specified criteria;

– communicative – control the actions of the partner;

– regulatory – assess the correctness of the action at the level of an adequate retrospective assessment.

Stage 2. Organization and self-organization

students during further learning of the material. Organization of feedback

Teacher: To continue working on the story, you need to determine what concepts such as theme, idea, genre, plot, and composition of the work mean.

Comment: Previously, the children were given a task in groups. Having summarized all the information collected, representatives of each group prepared a presentation and selected slides by topic.

Group 1 (2 ob-sya) – (work with a literary dictionary) theoretical material is projected on the screen.

Group 2 (5 topics) - defines and names the theme, idea, genre, composition of V.G. Korolenko’s story “The Blind Musician.”

Topic: about overcoming difficulties, about the trials that befell the hero from the very beginning

Birth, about the importance of human destiny.

Idea: to show the difficult path to realizing your purpose.

“My task was not specifically the psychology of the blind, but

Psychology of universal human longing for completeness

Existence."

Genre: story.

Plot: includes, as it were, 2 narratives:

1 – about how a boy born blind was drawn to the light, to life;

2 – a story about how a man, depressed by personal misfortune, overcame

Passive suffering for myself, I found a place in life and managed to cultivate in myself

Understanding and compassion for all disadvantaged people.

Composition:

Exposition: 1, 2 chapters. - a premonition of trouble - and the verdict: “The child was born blind.”

This is a tragedy. How will his life turn out?

Development of the action: The boy’s fate depends on those around him, on the participation of loved ones:

/mother, uncle Maxim, Evelina/.

Climax: Accept and suffer or challenge fate?

/meeting with the bell ringer, conversation with uncle/.

Denouement: The path of search, finding happiness: wife, son, talent, recognition.

Epilogue: Instead of blind, selfish suffering, he found a feeling of life in his soul “... he began to feel both human grief and human joy.”

Comment: Formation and development of students’ learning skills:

– personal – formation of the ability for self-learning, self-development;

– development of independence and personal responsibility for the results of one’s activities, goodwill; development of skills of cooperation with adults and peers, mutual assistance;

– cognitive – the ability to work in an information environment, navigate age-appropriate dictionaries and reference books;

– active use of speech and ICT means when presenting the results of work; draw your own conclusions;

Stage 3. Workshop

Teacher's word:

1. Formulating the topic of the lesson

Life requires from everyone not only the ability to survive, but also civic responsibility. And only by realizing this problem (choosing a path) and accepting responsibility for the chosen path can a person move on. But what about someone who does not know this huge world - a blind person? We will talk about this in class today.

Comment: a portrait of the writer is projected on the screen.

Lesson topic - moral problems in V.G. Korolenko’s story “The Blind Musician.”

Communicating Lesson Objectives

The purpose of our lesson– try to understand what moral commandments the author left for his descendants in his story?

3. Setting a learning task

The main question that the author posed in the story is: “What, in fact, was man created for?” (“Man is created for happiness, like a bird is for flight.” But the hero of the story answers with bitter irony: “... but happiness is not always created for him.”)

Formation and development of students’ UUD:

– personal:

Educational and cognitive interest in educational material and methods of solving a new particular problem;

– educational:

Independent identification and formulation of a cognitive goal; structuring knowledge; the ability and ability of students to perform simple logical actions (analysis, comparison, generalization);

– regulatory:

accept, save and set a learning task; plan your action in accordance with the task.

2.Discussion.

Teacher: Questions about what happiness is, where are its boundaries, what is its meaning, is a person, as an individual, able to resist circumstances, to change these circumstances? – the author dedicated one of his most remarkable works, “The Blind Musician,” first published in 1886. So, I invite you to a conversation and to reflect on what you read.

The birth of a blind child is a tragedy. What will happen to him? How will his life turn out?

Let's consider the stages of personality formation, during which the main character is formed:

Stage 1: Ways of understanding the world.

/1st contact with the natural world occurs for a boy at approximately

3 years. How subtly and surprisingly accurately the author conveys the feelings that

A blind child experiences. Korolenko notices subtle

Experiences, impressions of a child's soul.

To show the boy’s world of perception, the author finds in the language all the necessary words to describe spring: (work with text - chapter 1, subtitle 6: “Ringling drops, gently murmuring water, bird cherry rustling leaves,

The trill of a nightingale's song, the roar, the noise, the creaking of carts, the rustling of a wheel,

The human chatter of the fair, the sound of branches hitting glass, the cries of cranes. / Chapter 1, subtitle 6/.

How does cognition of the surrounding world occur?He listens painfully, stretches out his hands in alarm, looks for his mother, presses against her.)

Conclusion : the boy perceives the world through sounds, smells, sensations. Sound forms became the main forms of his thought.

What feelings does this world evoke?/ Curiosity, fear/.

Teacher : But he was lucky. Two people first took a special part in the child’s fate:

his mother and uncle Maxim. Two different principles - the tenderness and poetry of the mother and the courage of the old warrior - helped Peter get to know the world.

Conclusion: The role of an uncle is invaluable. He could not remain indifferent to the fate of his nephew. And not only because their fates are similar: both are disabled: he has no legs, the other has no vision.

It is he who prevents his sister from turning the child into a “greenhouse plant.” And we are convinced that he is right.

What would have happened to the boy without his uncle's participation? /I would withdraw into myself/.

There are loving people next to him. Name them, what is the role of these people. They've already talked about my uncle. (Fate gave Peter a guardian angel in the form of Evelina).

Teacher: He knew the warmth of the family, the kind, friendly participation of those around him

What talent was discovered in the boy? (He was given a talent: a love of music /Joachim)/.

A comment. Formation and development of students’ UUD:

– personal:

Orientation in the moral content and meaning of actions;

development of ethical feelings - shame, guilt, conscience as regulators of moral behavior;

understand other people's feelings and empathize with them.

Educational 6

Mastering methods for solving problems of a search nature (find specific information and facts given explicitly in the text; determine the main idea of the text; understand information presented in implicit form);

Understanding the basis of semantic reading of a literary text, the ability to isolate essential information from the text;

Make comparisons based on specified criteria;

Construct reasoning in the form of a connection of simple judgments about an object;

Establish analogies;

– regulatory:

Perform educational activities in a mental form;

Take into account the action guidelines identified by the teacher in the new educational material in collaboration with the teacher;

– communicative: willingness to listen to the interlocutor and conduct a dialogue, recognize the possibility of the existence of different points of view and the right of everyone to have their own;

Express your opinion and argue your point of view;

Formulate your own opinion and position.

Stage 2 Work in groups

Everything seemed fine. But my uncle decided to expand the boundaries of space. Introduces people of different social statuses:

Group 1 talks about a meeting with the Stavruchenkov family, reading descriptions from the text

Group 2 talks about a meeting with blind beggars-bandura players, reading descriptions from the text

Petrus learned about the existence of another world, a world outside the estate. He felt like a stranger, defective. Peter was completely plunged into darkness, into personal misfortune. This world is unknown to him and will this world want to accept a blind man?

The 3rd group answers the question: - Why did the suffering in his soul intensify even after the meeting with the bell-ringer? What did he feel? / He felt that the fate of the blind was anger and resentment. A mental crisis has arrived. Why?

Comment: After the performance of each group, representatives of other groups and their own place a flag of the corresponding color on the table of the performing group (green - the message and speech were liked, blue - the message and speech were not complete, red - not everything was successful).

Stage 4. Checking the results. Correction. Physical education minute.

1. Physical exercise. “It’s time for us to take a break” (to relieve general fatigue).

It's time for us to take a break

Stretch and breathe. (Deep inhale and exhale.)

They shook their heads,

And away with all fatigue!

One two three four five,

You need to stretch your neck. (Rotate your head in one direction and the other.)

We stood up straight. They leaned over.

One - forward, and two - back.

We stretched ourselves. Straightened up.

We repeat everything. (Bends forward and backward.)

And then we squat.

This is important, we know it ourselves.

We are stretching our knees

We are exercising our legs. (Squats.)

The problem of moral choice in the story by V. G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”

Korolenko places his hero, the born blind Peter, in very difficult conditions, endowing him with intelligence, talent as a musician and heightened sensitivity to all manifestations of life, which he will never be able to see. Since childhood, he knew only one world, calm and reliable, where he always felt like the center. He knew the warmth of the family and Evelina’s kind, friendly concern. The inability to see color, the appearance of objects, the beauty of the surrounding nature upset him, but he imagined this familiar world of the estate thanks to his sensitive perception of its sounds.

Everything changed after meeting the Stavruchenkov family: he learned about the existence of another world, a world outside the estate. At first he reacted to these disputes, to the stormy expression of the opinions and expectations of young people with enthusiastic amazement, but soon felt “that this living wave was rolling past him.” He's a stranger. The rules of life in the big world are unknown to him, and it is also unknown whether this world will want to accept a blind man. This meeting sharply aggravated his suffering and sowed doubts in his soul. After visiting the monastery and meeting the blind bell-ringers, he is haunted by the painful thought that isolation from people, anger and selfishness are the inevitable qualities of a person born blind. Peter feels the commonality of his fate with the fate of the embittered bell-ringer Yegor, who hates children. But a different attitude towards the world and people is also possible. There is a legend about the blind bandura player Yurka, who took part in the campaigns of Ataman Ignat Kary. Peter learned this legend from Stavruchenko: meeting new people and the big world brought the young man not only suffering, but also the understanding that the choice of path belongs to the person himself.

Most of all, Uncle Maxim and his lessons helped Peter. After wandering with the blind and pilgrimage to the miraculous icon, the bitterness passes: Peter was indeed cured, but not from a physical illness, but from a mental illness. Anger is replaced by a feeling of compassion for people and a desire to help them. A blind man finds strength in music. Through music he can influence people, tell them the main thing about life that he himself had such a hard time understanding. This is the choice of a blind musician.

In Korolenko's story, not only Peter is faced with the problem of choice. Evelina, the blind man’s friend, must make an equally difficult choice. They had been together since childhood; the girl’s company and caring attention helped and supported Peter. Their friendship gave a lot and Evelina, like Peter, had almost no idea about life outside the estate. The meeting with the Stavruchenko brothers was also for her a meeting with an unfamiliar and large world that was ready to accept her. Young people are trying to captivate her with dreams and expectations; they do not believe that at seventeen you can already plan your life. Dreams intoxicate her, but in that life there is no place for Peter. She understands Peter’s suffering and doubts - and performs a “quiet feat of love”: she is the first to speak about her feelings to Peter. The decision to start a family also comes from Evelina. It's her choice. For the sake of blind Peter, she immediately and forever closes the path so temptingly outlined by the students. And the writer was able to convince us that this was not a sacrifice, but a manifestation of sincere and very selfless love.

Composition

For every young person at a certain time, the question arises about his future fate, about his attitude towards people and the world. The world around us is huge, there are many different roads in it, and a person’s future depends on the right choice of his life path. But what about someone who does not know this huge world - a blind person?
Korolenko places his hero, the born blind Peter, in very difficult conditions, endowing him with intelligence, talent as a musician and heightened sensitivity to all manifestations of life, which he will never be able to see. Since childhood, he knew only one world, calm and reliable, where he always felt like the center. He knew the warmth of the family and Evelina’s kind, friendly concern. The inability to see color, the appearance of objects, the beauty of the surrounding nature upset him, but he imagined this familiar world of the estate thanks to his sensitive perception of its sounds.
Everything changed after meeting the Stavruchenkov family: he learned about the existence of another world, a world outside the estate. At first he reacted to these disputes, to the stormy expression of the opinions and expectations of young people with enthusiastic amazement, but soon felt “that this living wave was rolling past him.” He's a stranger. The rules of life in the big world are unknown to him, and it is also unknown whether this world will want to accept a blind man. This meeting sharply aggravated his suffering and sowed doubts in his soul. After visiting the monastery and meeting the blind bell-ringers, he is haunted by the painful thought that isolation from people, anger and selfishness are the inevitable qualities of a person born blind. Peter feels the commonality of his fate with the fate of the embittered bell-ringer Yegor, who hates children. But a different attitude towards the world and people is also possible. There is a legend about the blind bandura player Yurka, who took part in the campaigns of Ataman Ignat Kary. Peter learned this legend from Stavruchenko: meeting new people and the big world brought the young man not only suffering, but also the understanding that the choice of path belongs to the person himself.
Most of all, Uncle Maxim and his lessons helped Peter. After wandering with the blind and pilgrimage to the miraculous icon, the bitterness passes: Peter was indeed cured, but not from a physical illness, but from a mental illness. Anger is replaced by a feeling of compassion for people and a desire to help them. A blind man finds strength in music. Through music he can influence people, tell them the main thing about life that he himself had such a hard time understanding. This is the choice of a blind musician.
In Korolenko's story, not only Peter is faced with the problem of choice. Evelina, the blind man’s friend, must make an equally difficult choice. They had been together since childhood; the girl’s company and caring attention helped and supported Peter. Their friendship gave a lot and Evelina, like Peter, had almost no idea about life outside the estate. The meeting with the Stavruchenko brothers was also for her a meeting with an unfamiliar and large world that was ready to accept her. Young people are trying to captivate her with dreams and expectations; they do not believe that at seventeen you can already plan your life. Dreams intoxicate her, but in that life there is no place for Peter. She understands Peter’s suffering and doubts - and performs a “quiet feat of love”: she is the first to speak about her feelings to Peter. The decision to start a family also comes from Evelina. It's her choice. For the sake of blind Peter, she immediately and forever closes the path so temptingly outlined by the students. And the writer was able to convince us that this was not a sacrifice, but a manifestation of sincere and very selfless love.

After visiting the monastery and meeting the blind bell-ringers, he is haunted by the painful thought that isolation from people, anger and selfishness are the inevitable qualities of a person born blind. Peter feels the commonality of his fate with the fate of the embittered bell-ringer Yegor, who hates children. But a different attitude towards the world and people is also possible. There is a legend about the blind bandura player Yurka, who took part in the campaigns of Ataman Ignat Kary. Peter learned this legend from Stavruchenko: meeting new people and the big world brought the young man not only suffering, but also the understanding that the choice of path belongs to the person himself. Most of all, Uncle Maxim and his lessons helped Peter. After wandering with the blind and pilgrimage to the miraculous icon, the bitterness passes: Peter was indeed cured, but not from a physical illness, but from a mental illness.

Anger is replaced by a feeling of compassion for people and a desire to help them. A blind man finds strength in music. Through music he can influence people, tell them the main thing about life that he himself had such a hard time understanding. This is the choice of a blind musician. In Korolenko's story, not only Peter is faced with the problem of choice. Evelina, the blind man’s friend, must make an equally difficult choice. They had been together since childhood; the girl’s company and caring attention helped and supported Peter.

Their friendship gave a lot and Evelina, like Peter, had almost no idea about life outside the estate. The meeting with the Stavruchenko brothers was also for her a meeting with an unfamiliar and large world that was ready to accept her.

Young people are trying to captivate her with dreams and expectations; they do not believe that at seventeen you can already plan your life. Dreams intoxicate her, but in that life there is no place for Peter.

She understands Peter’s suffering and doubts - and performs a “quiet feat of love”: she is the first to speak about her feelings to Peter. The decision to start a family also comes from Evelina. It's her choice.

For the sake of blind Peter, she immediately and forever closes the path so temptingly outlined by the students. And the writer was able to convince us that this was not a sacrifice, but a manifestation of sincere and very selfless love. The name of Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko already during his lifetime became a symbol of the “conscience of the era.”

Here is what I. A. Bunin wrote about him: “You are glad that he lives and lives among us like some kind of titan, who cannot be touched by all those negative phenomena with which our current literature is so rich.”

Probably the most powerful impression is made by the writer’s life itself, his personality. In my opinion, this is a strong and integral person, distinguished by the firmness of his life positions and at the same time, true intelligence and kindness, the ability to understand people. He knows how to sympathize and sympathize, and this sympathy is always active. Exiles and deprivations did not break the writer’s fearlessness before life, did not shake his faith in man. Respect for a person, the fight for him is the main thing in the life and work of a humanist writer.

As a person, Korolenko always felt responsible to himself and to society. This was manifested in specific actions. Such, for example, as the defense of Udmurt peasants at the Multan trial or the refusal of the title of honorary academician: this is how he protested against the decision to cancel elections to the Academy of Sciences of Maxim Gorky. Korolenko's artistic works are largely autobiographical.

They absorbed the wealth of the writer’s life experiences and encounters and reflected his concern for the fate of the people. Reading Korolenko, you are amazed at the sincerity and power of the author’s word. You empathize with the characters, imbued with their thoughts and concerns. The heroes of his works are ordinary Russian people.

Many of them try to answer the question: “What, in essence, was man created for?” This question becomes the main one for the author both in “The Blind Musician” and in “Paradox”. In this question, for Korolenko, a philosophical solution to the problem is combined with “the persistent question of the gray peasant life.”

Entering into polemics with the religious and ascetic ideas of L. N. Tolstoy, Korolenko sharpens his position to the extreme. “Man is created for happiness, like a bird for flight,” proclaims a creature distorted by fate in “Paradox.” If such faith is carried within a person who is deprived of life, intelligent, cynical, and despises all illusions, it means that indeed “after all, the general law of life is the desire for happiness and its ever wider realization.”

I really want to agree with this postulate of Korolenko. And you find new confirmations in other works of the writer. No matter how hostile life may be, “still there are lights ahead!..” - this is the main idea of the prose poem “Lights”. At the same time, the writer’s optimism is by no means thoughtless, abstracted from the complexities of life. The story “The Blind Musician” is indicative in this regard. The path of self-knowledge of the born blind Peter Popelsky is difficult.

Overcoming suffering, he renounces the selfish right of a person deprived by fate to a hothouse life. The hero’s path lies through the knowledge of both the songs and the sorrows of the people, through immersion in their life. And happiness, the author of the story claims, is a feeling of the fullness of life and a feeling of being needed in the life of the people. The blind musician will “remind the happy of the unfortunate” - this is the choice of the hero of the story. Korolenko’s works teach us not to be afraid of life, to accept it as it is, and not to bow our heads in the face of difficulties. We must believe that “after all, there are lights ahead!..

" A person must go and reach this light: even if the last hope collapses. Then this is an integral personality, a strong character. The writer wanted to see such people, because he believed that such people are the power and strength of Russia, its hope and support and, of course, its light. After all, Korolenko himself was just like that.