Complex sentence with non-conjunctive and allied subordinating connections. Complex sentences with conjunction and non-conjunction connections

Complex sentences (CSS) are syntactic constructions containing two or more simple sentences, connected by a subordinating relationship and connected by appropriate conjunctions. The subordinating relationship in a complex sentence is of several types, depending on the semantic relationships between its structural elements.

In order to identify sentences with a subordinating connection, you need to check them for compliance with the following parameters:

two or more simple sentences that represent unequal parts: one is the main one, the second is the subordinate clause;
there is a subordinating conjunction or allied word;
in writing, its parts are separated by a comma.

In the IPP, from the main part to the subordinate part, you can pose a question. The type of connection depends on it. Examples: “We were unable to receive instructions on time (why?) because we were very tired and went home early”, “When I need help, I will contact the right sources(When?)".

Connection in a phrase

Useful video: what are complex sentences

Means of subordinate communication

Parts of a sentence are connected using subordinating conjunctions: while, as, if, so that, since, as if and many others. Each union expresses a certain type of relationship that differs in meaning.

Sometimes other parts are used to connect the main and dependent parts. language means– allied words, which include:

relative: who, what, which, etc.;
relative pronominal adverbs: why, how, when, etc.

Conjunctive words and conjunctions that express different semantic relationships are presented in the table:

Communication type	Meaningful relations	Examples
Explanatory	formulates an explanation	I told my mom not to worry about me
Temporary	Indicate the time of action, specify the time	Marina ordered flowers when she heard that it was Masha’s birthday
Causal	expresses the reason for an action	I never thought about this before because I didn't know it could happen.
Conditional	Formulate conditional relationships	Dmitry would have placed an order immediately if he knew that the product would become more expensive.
Target	Formulate target relationships	Oksana sang to earn money
Concessive	Formulate concessional relations	Even though it was raining outside, there were a lot of people on the beach.

A conjunction and a connecting word are elements that connect parts of a complex sentence. In the schematic representation, the conjunction belongs to the subordinate clause, it is not a member of the sentence.

Attention! A conjunctive word not only connects two structural elements, but also plays a syntactic role in the subordinate clause.

For example: “There are no events that could be changed.” In this example, the word “which” is not a conjunction, but a conjunction word.

Types of subordination

A complex sentence may have more than one dependent part. They communicate with each other different ways. Depending on this, the following types of subordination are distinguished:

homogeneous;
parallel;
sequential;
combined.

Each type has its own characteristics and differs from the others in certain characteristics.

Types of subordinating connections

Homogeneous and parallel

A homogeneous connection is formed provided that all dependent parts belong to the main one or belong to the same type. For example: “It seemed to me that I saw daylight, that I heard strange sounds, that I felt cold.”

Three subordinate clauses in this example answer one question and relate to the main one according to one characteristic. They refer to the same word and belong to the same species. In this case, all dependent elements are of the same type and answer the same question.

Parallel subordination occurs in constructions in which one of the conditions of homogeneity is not met.

For example, subordinate clauses can refer to the same word, but answer different questions. For example: “When I finished reading the book, it was difficult to understand (when? what?) what exactly I felt for its characters”, “When a storm was raging outside the window, I read a book (when?, which one?), which talked about story that happened to the children when they were relaxing in the forest with their parents.”

Homogeneous connection

Sequential and combined

Sequential subordination is connections in a sentence in which the dependent parts are interconnected by a “chain”, i.e. i.e. everyone next element depends on the previous one. They are defined as subordinate clauses of varying degrees. For example: “Maxim saw a film (which one?), where the actor (which one?) played, whom he loved (when?), when he was a child (which one?), who was in love with pictures about heroes.”

In this example, the second clause depends on the first, the third on the second, and the fourth on the third. Questions in such sentences are asked sequentially from one part to the next. They can be different and express different semantic relationships.

In combined subordination, all types of subordination are used: parallel, sequential, and homogeneous are mixed. This is typical for long structures with big amount dependent. For example: “Yesterday I was so tired that I couldn’t understand whether my head hurt from the weather or from being overwhelmed at work.” In this example, two types of communication are used: sequential and homogeneous submission.

Note! In order to determine the type of connection, use diagrams and symbols for the main members, arrows for questions and brackets to indicate the beginning and end of dependent elements.

SPP with combined subordination

Punctuation marks

In SPP, the position of the subordinate clause can be different:

is found after the main clause;
“surrounded” by the main one on both sides;
located in front of the main one.

Subordinate clauses are always separated by commas.

Useful video: punctuation marks in BSC and types of BSC

THEORY task 14.

Algorithm for completing task No. 14

Find the grammatical basics, make sure that the given sentence is complex. It must contain at least two grammatical bases. Do not forget that sentences can be one-part, so there is not always a subject at the base. The main thing is that the sentences are talking about something different.
If there are no conjunctions between simple sentences, then this is non-union connection. This is the simplest type of connection of sentences in a complex one.
If there are coordinating conjunctions between simple ones, then this conjunctional coordinating connection. Remember coordinating conjunctions.
If simple ones are connected by subordinating conjunctions, then this is allied subordinating connection . Do not forget that the subordinate clause can come before the main clause, then look for the conjunction at the beginning of the sentence. The subordinate clause may be in the middle of the main clause, then the answer will have two numbers indicating commas. Remember the types of subordinating conjunctions.

Example.

The private appeared at the battery with good news: he saw how the Nazis were driven out of Krasnaya Polyana.

Sample reasoning

I find the grammatical bases: THE PRIVATE APPEARED, HE SAW, THEY KNOCKED OUT. There are three grammatical bases in this sentence.
There is a colon between the first and second sentences, there are no conjunctions - this non-union connection.
The second and third sentences are connected by the conjunction HOW, this is a subordinating conjunction, so there is a subordinating conjunction here.
I conclude: this proposal I’m writing the number of this particular sentence if there is a task: find complex with non-union and allied subordination.

PRACTICE

Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with a non-union and allied subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Rain flooded the forest; Boiling lakes formed at the edge of the forest where Gorbunov was located. (2) The branches of the trees trembled under the weight of the water falling on them. (3) In the darkened, distorted air, the German fortifications were no longer visible. (4) But the enemy’s shelling did not subside. (5) Bluish, ghostly pillars of explosions rushed about in the dark depths of the downpour; flashes of fire ran across the field. (Beryozko G.)

(1) Having dressed and throwing his coat over his shoulders, the general went out into the garden adjacent to the house. (2) It was beginning to get light; leafless, low apple trees with twisted branches crowded in the gray air. (3) The commander slowly walked along the soggy path to a low fence. (4) The garden was located on the edge of a hill, and from here the half-flooded road that went around it was dimly visible - three tractors trudged there, dragging heavy long-barreled guns. (5) The commander - tall, corpulent, in a spacious coat - looked from above. (6) The cars roared, gasping, and crimson fire burst from the exhaust pipe. (Beryozko G.)

Among sentences 1-7, find a complex sentence with a non-union and allied subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The rain went to the west, but the forest became dark again. (2) From the east, a blue cloud filled half the sky floated in, and the white trunks of birch trees stood out brightly against its background. (3) Gorbunov looked through binoculars, kneeling near a tree. (4) Ulanov sat down a few steps from the commander. (5) He saw: across the field, far ahead, people were crawling, difficult to distinguish from here, because they were slightly lighter than the ground. (6) Nikolai knew that a combined group was moving to reinforce the third company. (7) Impatiently awaiting further events, he was even annoyed that the attack was not happening quickly enough. (Beryozko G.)

Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with a non-union and a union coordinating connection between parts. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The guys crawled all over the island in search of unmelted snow. (2) Seryozha Koltov was lucky enough to find in the crevices between the rocks the remains of last year’s snow, compacted like ice. (3) Secretly from Petrovich, Seryozha was lowered on a rope, he chopped the snow with an ax and sent it up in a bucket. (4) Climb rocks when storm wind it was dangerous. (5) Petrovich categorically forbade doing this, but the guys secretly brought buckets to Ilyinichna last year's snow. (6) She grumbled, threatened to complain to the foreman, but did not refuse the snow: she had to prepare dinner. (Vurdov N.)

Among sentences 1-7, find a complex sentence with a non-conjunctive and allied coordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The days are warm. (2) Spring coolness is in the air. (3) The taiga is majestic and calm, but this is only apparent calm: a huge amount of work is going on inside every tree, every bush. (4) Day and night, the roots with all their lobes suck moisture from the ground, abundantly filled with recently melted snow. (5) The snow-white lambs on the alders have already fluffed up, the catkins on the alders have turned yellow, although the roots still lie under the snow. (6) There are no greenery or flowers on the tiny lawns yet, but even here there is tireless activity. (7) It’s good these May days in the taiga! (Fedoseev G.)

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GIA. Section “Grammar. Syntax". Complex sentences With different types communications Elena Ivanovna Tkachenko, teacher of Russian language and literature, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 58”, Arzamas

Types of connections in a complex sentence: conjunction, non-conjunction, coordinating, subordinating

A coordinative connection is found between the parts of a complex sentence. Coordinating Conjunctions: However, but, nevertheless, a, but, yes (=a, =and), or, and, too, the same, the same, then... then, either... either, neither... nor . Subordinating relationships are found in complex sentences. Subordinating conjunctions are divided into simple and compound. Simple: What, so that, how, when, barely, if, while, although, once, whether, as if, as if, exactly, only, only, as if, as soon as, only, for, so that, if, for now, if only , if. Compounds: Because, because, so that, due to the fact that, in connection with the fact that; In order to, in order to; As, since; At that time, since when.

1) I couldn’t sleep for a long time, and 2) there was the sound of axes outside the window, 3) because woodcutters had come to the village. (Parts 1 and 2 - conjunctive conjunction, coordinating conjunction a; Parts 2 and 3 - conjunctive conjunction, subordinating conjunction because) 1) He thought: 2) winter would soon end, but 3) his teeth were chattering from the cold. (parts 1 and 2 – non-union, 2 and 3 – union composing)

1) The snow was melting, 2) the birds were returning home, and 3) the cold was gradually leaving the heart. (1 and 2 - non-union connection, 2 and 3 - union coordinating connection) 1) So leave unnecessary disputes - 2) I have already proven everything to myself; 3) The only things better than mountains are mountains, 4) which you have never been to before. (1 and 2 – non-union, 2 and 3 – non-union, 3 and 4 – union subordinate)

Among sentences 32–37, find a complex sentence with a conjunctional coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (32) During the big break, the director and I, in an empty classroom, began to make our way to Golubkin’s conscience. (33) It was then, in the midst of our conversation, that Vanya Belov appeared and said: - (34) I came to bring myself into the hands of justice! (35) I didn’t believe that he pulled out the dictations, but the director agreed with Vanya’s version. (36) After lessons, six students whose work had disappeared rewrote the dictation. (37) Senya Golubkin received a C, because he had already discovered his mistakes during the break, and moved to the seventh grade. 35

In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating connection. She (1) seemed (2) ready to thank him for another hour, (3) but he turned and ran away. And at the first break it turned out (4) that none of the boys in their class gave anything to the girls. No one. Only in front of Lena Popova lay tender branches of mimosa. -Where did you get the flowers? - asked the teacher. “Vitya gave this to me,” (5) Lena said calmly. Everyone immediately began to whisper, (6) looking at Vitya, (7) and Vitya lowered his head low. 3, 7

Among sentences 12–23, find a complex sentence with non-union and allied coordinating and subordinating connections between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (12) Sergeeva is a theater artist, young and beautiful woman. (13) And Alice asked the guy an “adult” question: - (14) Do you love her? “(15) No,” the guy smiled. – (16) I once saved her. (17) In our city, the theater was then on tour. (18) It was in the spring, at the end of March. (19) The guys were sledding by the river. (20) Sergeeva also wanted to go for a ride. (21) The guys gave her a sled. (22) She sat down and drove off, the sled accidentally drove onto the ice, which was thin and fragile, and a minute later Sergeeva found herself in ice water. (23) The guys screamed, but I was not far away and heard it. 22

Among sentences 26–32, find a complex sentence with a conjunctional coordinating and subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (26) Tears flowed down the cheeks of the sailors, who had more than once looked death in the face. (27) Having learned the price of courage, the sailors saw the strength of spirit of Leningrad schoolchildren. (28) The cruiser was preparing to go into battle, from which not everyone would return, and these guys had inspired hope itself. (29) Saying goodbye to the children, the team lined up. (30) The guys began to present gifts that they had brought with them. (31) Taking a cloth pouch from the girl’s hands, the foreman, who had two military orders on his chest, said: “I accept the third award of the Motherland.” (32) The sailors knew the value of courage. 28

In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down a number indicating a comma between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating connection. He kept sitting in the same place, (1) near the foot of the bed, (2) and, (3) when someone leaned over him, (4) he put his jagged claw forward with menacing impotence. 1

In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating connection. -I just wanted to know (1) why she howls. She feels bad, (2) right? -You're right, (3) she feels bad. Yanka is used to walking during the day, (4) and I’m at work. My wife will come (5) and everything will be all right. 3,4,5

Among sentences 5–12, find a non-union complex sentence. Write the number of this offer. (5) Firstly, the nickname. (6) His name was Borozhai. (7) Find another dog on the ground that has this ridiculous name! (8) Secondly, my dog was indecently cowardly. (9) As soon as one of the guys growled menacingly, my Borozhai squealed like a woman, crouched low and, weaving, ran as fast as he could to mocking hooting. (10) And at that moment I was ready to fall through the ground. (11) Over there, Tolik Karbyshev’s dog is such a dog! (12) Thunder sounds, looks - it sends a shiver down to your very heels. 12

Among sentences 18–25, find a complex sentence with a non-union and allied subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer. - (18) I told everyone there in the city how good it is here: now the housewives won’t fight off the guests, my hand is light. (19) Starting from Sunday, more and more summer residents began to come to the village. (20) The housewives were seized by a fever of profit, and prices tripled, and since people kept traveling, they began to grab without any conscience. (21) Once a neighbor came to see Polikarpovna. (22) During the conversation, I casually asked how much she rented out housing for, and when she heard the answer, she opened her eyes in surprise: - (23) Yes, you, grandma, are completely crazy! (24) I have one, it would tear your hands off for a hundred. (25) Now they take one and a half hundred, two hundred! 18

Among sentences 23–26, find complex sentences with non-union and allied coordinating connections between parts. Write the numbers of these sentences. (23) But one day something happened that is still talked about in our parts. (24) The neighbors' wooden barn caught fire. (25) They managed to bring out the cows, but the calf in the farthest cage was locked - you couldn’t get close. (26) Heat, smoke, he, poor fellow, no longer moans, but groans, everyone feels sorry for him, but you can’t climb into the fire. 25, 26

In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinate connection. “Thank you,” (1) said Nazarov, (2) “but that’s not what I came for.” My father is sick. We arrived in Moscow, (3) but in Moscow I only know you, (4) and I wanted to ask, (5) can we stay with you for a week? “No, (6) no, (7),” Sergeeva said hastily. -This is inconvenient (8) because I have a very small apartment. 5, 8

Among sentences 12–16, find a complex sentence with non-union and allied coordinating and subordinating connections between the parts. Write the number of this offer. (12) The kingdom of toys reflected in its own way real world, not humiliating anyone, but elevating me. (13) By the miniature nature of their toys, they emphasized that they were created, as it were, to subordinate me. (14) And being completely in charge, I realized even then, is very pleasant. (15) I controlled the routes of cars and trains, the habits and actions of animals that I was afraid of in life. (16) I dominated, commanded - they were wordless, silent, and I secretly thought that it would be good to continue to treat those around me In a similar way. 16

Among sentences 29–33, find a complex sentence with different types of connections (non-conjunctive and allied subordinating) between the parts. Write the number of this offer. - (29) That’s not what I mean, I’m on business... (30) In this “There are people all around!” there is so much faith and optimism that everyone somehow feels better, brighter... (31) To travel half of Russia without a ticket and without money, more than five thousand kilometers, and return in exactly the same way is incomprehensible to the mind. (32) But they believe her. (33) Her face, eyes and smile shine with friendliness, she is so sincere - all outward that you simply cannot help but believe her. 33

Bibliography Open bank GIA-9 tasks // FIPI website http://www.fipi.ru/ Trosnetsova L.A., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. Russian language. 9th grade. M.: Education, 2013.

In which there is a subordinating or coordinating connection, they differ significantly from similar phrases and simple sentences. Further in the article we will consider the main differences between the mentioned structures.

General information

If we talk about phrases and simple sentences, then it is fair to note that the subordinating relationship can only appear in the first version, while the coordinating type is more often used in the second. In the latter case, the task of converting to a common construction is performed, creating rows homogeneous members. In complex structures, coordinating and subordinating connections do not have such sharp differences. This is due to the fact that the same statement can be formulated using conjunctions of both types.

First difference

The use of composition and subordination helps to identify the semantic relationships that exist in simple and complex formulations. At the same time, there is a difference in the very structure of the utterance. Thus, the coordinating connection does not create such clear boundaries. When using the second type of connection, parts of the utterance are highlighted, indicating the need to pay more attention to a certain fragment of the message.

Thus, we can say that those used in different options conjunctions differ in the way they reveal connections in expressions. In the case of a subordinate relationship, such types of relationships as concessional, conditional-effect and cause-and-effect take on an unambiguous form. Moreover, they are expressed by conjunctions “although”, “because”, “if”. A coordinating connection in a sentence allows you to use the same conjunction. It is represented by the connecting element “and”. But there are situations when the coordinating conjunctions “a” and “but,” which are usually considered contrastive, can give the statement a connotation of concession, condition, consequence, comparison and contrast. In expressions that have the form of an incentive, conjunctions can create a condition in the message, which in a subordinating clause is expressed by the elements “if (the particle “not” is allowed instead)... then.” Some interaction is found between composition and submission due to the fact that they cannot be considered absolutely opposite concepts.

Second difference

In complex constructions, coordinating connection is an important independent element. But in simple structures Its task is to determine the relationships between members of a homogeneous sequence. In addition, a coordinating connection is included in a simple construction in order to enrich the statement with additional members. This is how it is transformed into a widespread one. In multi-part structures, coordinating communication is more important.

Third difference

If we compare subordination and composition with non-union, then the last two types of connection have much in common. This is explained by the semantic relationship within the structure. Thus, the coordinating connection reveals them in expression to a lesser extent. However, let's compare them in more detail. Coordinating communication is not only a syntactic, but also a lexical way of interaction. Thus, the relationships that arise between phrases do not have specific meaning, but only receives a certain characteristic. Coordinating conjunctions can also be combined with subordinating and various lexical elements. This creates a variety of syntactic structures. As examples of a conjunction, we can cite various combinations of auxiliary parts of speech “and”, “here”, “a”, “well”, “therefore”, “therefore”, “means”. Subordinating conjunctions do not need additions, since they themselves can create clear boundaries for semantic segments.

Special cases

If a coordinating or non-union connection does not allow one to fully study the relationships that exist in these sentences, then it is necessary to turn to additional factors. They may be general structure statements, as well as introductory words, particles, various pronouns, phrases present in it. In addition, moods and tense forms can highlight individual parts and indicate their features. In allied constructions, the meaning of condition and consequence manifests itself more noticeably when there is an interaction between the imperative mood in the first sentence (in the case of a complex formulation, this means its main part) and other moods or other forms of tense found in the second element (in the subordinate clause).

Fourth difference

In complex sentences, the subordinating relationship is less multifaceted than in phrases and simple phrases. There are cases when part of the meaning of a complex structure formed from a set of simple ones is not realized. This may be due to the fact that there is likely to be a contradiction in the meaning of the subordinating conjunction, as well as its complete change. An example would be the connector "when". It is used in subordinating clauses. Its main value is the time indicator. However, if the main part of the sentence describes any feelings, emotions or someone’s state, then this union can turn from temporary into investigative. When in subordinate clause something is evaluated in an attempt to determine importance or significance, the “when” element takes on the target meaning. In addition, this union may have a comparative meaning and carry an indication of inconsistency.

Non-conjunction sentences with subordinating connection- these are non-union sentences, which both in structure and in semantic relationships between parts are identical to complex sentences. Such non-conjunction sentences consist of only two parts and are called closed non-conjunction complex sentences (or closed structure non-conjunction sentences).

The fixed (not free) order of arrangement of the two parts of a closed non-conjunct sentence helps to establish semantic relationships between these predicative parts, that is, when rearranging the parts of a non-conjunct sentence, the semantic relationships between them change or the sentence as a whole is destroyed. For example, in the sentence I was late: the car broke down, the second part of a complex sentence communicates the reason, and in the sentence The car broke down - I was late, the second part is a consequence of what is reported in the first part.

Parts of such a complex sentence are formed by explanatory intonation (one part explains the other) or contrasting intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a very high

tone, the second - lowering the tone). Intonation depends on the semantic relationships between the parts of a complex sentence in oral speech, and the choice of punctuation mark (colon or dash) in writing.

Between the parts of closed non-union complex sentences, Various types semantic relations, that is, the semantic role of the subordinate part in relation to the main part is determined. The following varieties can be distinguished:

– An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the first part contains supporting words - verbs that require addition, explanation, distribution, which is the content of the second part: I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Yu. Lermontov).

– An explanatory non-union sentence is a non-union complex sentence in which the second part reveals, specifies, explains the content of the first part (often a separate word or phrase of the first part): The whole city there is like this: a swindler sits on a swindler and drives the swindler (N.V. Gogol) .

– A non-union sentence of justification and reason is a non-union complex sentence, the second part of which contains the justification or reason for what is said in the first part: I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here! (A.S. Pushkin). I am sad: there is no friend with me (A.S. Pushkin).

– A non-union sentence with a predicative construction of a consequence is a non-union sentence, the second part of which is a consequence of the action named in the first part of the sentence. Some non-conjunctive sentences with a causal predicative construction can be turned into sentences with an investigative predicative construction. To do this, it is enough to swap the predicative constructions: I opened the window: it was stuffy (reason). It was stuffy - I opened the window (consequence).

– An adversarial non-union sentence is a sentence in the second part of which a sharp opposition is expressed to what is said in the first part: I knew about poetry from the very beginning - I knew nothing about prose (A. A. Akhmatova).

Opposition in a non-union complex sentence is often associated with negation:

Not for the songs of spring over the plain

The green expanse is dear to me -

I fell in love with the melancholy crane

On high mountain monastery

(S. A. Yesenin).

Many non-union sentences are characterized by polysemy of semantic relationships between the parts of a complex sentence; these relationships often defy unambiguous interpretation: the boundaries between different meanings blurry and not clear enough.

Glossary:

non-conjunctive subordination
complex sentence with subordinating and non-union connection
complex sentence with non-conjunction and subordinating connection
non-union coordinating connection
sentence with non-conjunction and subordinating connection

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