Heart of a Dog Who is Shvonder? The story "Heart of a Dog": characteristics of Sharikov. Sharik and Sharikov: comparative characteristics. Street life of a dog

In M. Bulgakov’s story “Heart of a Dog” all the characters are presented in the context of the historical events that took place in the 20s of the century - at the time when the work was created. The image of Shvonder, the chairman of the house committee, is no exception.

Shvonder is not a representative of the working class: he is an official of a new formation, a bureaucrat. Instructions and instructions from above are important to him. He is a functionary who lives by the rules invented by others. He has nothing of his own: he speaks in cliches, repeats other people's words. He doesn't even have his own name. From his first appearance until the end of the action, he passes before the reader only under the last name - Shvonder.

In the Kalabukhov House there are no people for Shvonder - talented, famous, right before his eyes, making great discoveries. For him, everyone is just tenants, who must have equal living conditions and must have documents. Even for the former dog, turned into a human by Professor Preobrazhensky, Shvonder demands a passport and registration.

In educating the new tenant in the spirit of revolutionary ideals, Shvonder gets the main role. He is trying to make a proletarian out of Sharikov, however, not realizing that the result of his work will be dangerous for everyone around him, even for himself. By promoting Sharikov to a position, instilling in him the idea of ​​​​the need to defend his rights, slipping revolutionary books inaccessible to his consciousness to read, Shvonder contributes to the chaos that the unsuccessful product of Preobrazhensky’s brilliant experiment begins to create on the territory entrusted to him. It is for the lack of understanding of the consequences of his actions that Shvonder will be called “the biggest fool” in the story.

Shvonder in the story is presented primarily as a representative of the new government. It is in this role that he first appears before the reader; it is from a position of power that he deals with Professor Preobrazhensky, trying to “compact” him and deprive him of two rooms. All three appearances of Shvonder “on stage” are the implementation of his official functionality: he comes only as a person endowed with certain responsibilities. His actions are absurd, his words are not always clear the first time. But he is in the service of the Soviet government and is ready, if he is given an order, to destroy its enemies by any means. In Preobrazhensky he sees an enemy: this is precisely what is connected with the struggle that he will wage with him throughout the entire action of the story.

The conflict between Professor Preobrazhensky and Shvonder, which constitutes one of the plot lines of the story, is not a personal conflict. We can say that Bulgakov shows through the conflict between Preobrazhensky and Shvonder the conflict between the individual and the masses, individuality in its creative potential and the limitations, dullness and wretchedness of the “cogs” of the new system. Not only because Shvonder is a minor character, represented from individual characteristics only by a thick head of curly hair and pompous speech, it is impossible to perceive him as a specific person. Shvonder is the personification of the negative manifestations of the new government, which are alien to the scientific intelligentsia in the person of Professor Preobrazhensky.

Option 2

The main antagonist of Professor Preobrazhensky in M, A, Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog” is a certain Shvonder, who manages the housing association of the house where the scientist lives. Their mutual hostility is growing. Describing the relationship between Shvonder and Preobrazhensky, the author comes to a deep social generalization about the impossibility of peaceful coexistence of the intelligentsia with the victorious proletariat, intelligence and delicacy with ignorance and rudeness.

Shvonder is a vivid illustration of Thomas Carlyle’s statement that “every revolution is conceived by romantics, carried out by fanatics, and inveterate scoundrels enjoy its fruits.” Shvonder combines the traits of both a fanatic and a scoundrel. The timing of the story suggests that he took an active part in revolutionary events. He is generally an active and active person. Having read books written by the classics of Marxism, Shvonder believed in them as Holy Scripture and fanatically propagates these ideas to everyone, including the new tenant, citizen Sharikov.

Shvonder's participation in the revolution brought fruits for him, which he has already begun to actively use. Having become the manager of the housing association, he immediately began to establish his own rules. As you know, the smaller the boss, the more ambition and tyranny he has. And even though flowerpots and carpets have disappeared from the entrance, it’s filthy, dirty and there’s no electricity. But in the evenings, members of the housing association sing revolutionary songs.

Shvonder has a very developed sense of class. He unmistakably identifies Professor Preobrazhensky as a class enemy. The professor does not like the proletariat, and Shvonder, in the person of the professor, hates the entire intelligentsia. He is forced to tolerate Preobrazhensky on his territory, because the authorities forbade him to touch the world-famous scientist. But this does not stop Shvonder from bothering the professor with various small dirty tricks.

What Shvonder is most outraged by is that the scientist occupies as many as seven (!) rooms. The attempt to oust the professor failed, but Shvonder did not abandon his plans. Professor Sharikov’s appearance in the apartment could not have come at a more opportune time. Insisting on Sharikov’s registration, Shvonder is trying to oust the professor in at least this way. By filling the head of the former dog with propaganda ideas, by means of verbal demagoguery setting him up against his “creator,” Shvonder receives in the person of Sharikov a reliable ally in the fight against Preobrazhensky. The fact that Sharikov decides to denounce the professor suggests that the “teacher” Shvonder clearly succeeded in educating a “new” person.

In the story, the author’s negative attitude towards this character is clearly noticeable, which is naturally transmitted to the readers.

Essay about Shvonder

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov wrote his story “The Heart of a Dog” in January-March 1925. But it was published only after his death - in the 1980s. It can be assumed that this is due to the fact that the work is permeated with irony and contempt for the proletariat. It is through the image of Shvonder that the author shows the ruling class as immoral, cowardly and selfish.

Shvonder first appears in the story when he assumes the position of chairman of the house committee, and goes to Professor Preobrazhensky’s apartment to “compact” the apartments in the house, since, in his opinion, Philip Philipovich occupies too many rooms (seven!). But the professor, without ceremony, kicks Shvonder out, leaving him with nothing, and subsequently complaining about him to senior management. From this moment the confrontation between the two heroes begins.

House manager Shvonder is a typical representative of the proletariat, a “fanatic” of the new regime. He is young, ambitious, and ready to do anything to annoy the professor. And to fight Philip Philipovich, a hater of the proletariat, he uses the result of his own experiment - Sharikov, instilling in Sharikov the idea that he can arrange part of the living space and registration in Preobrazhensky’s apartment, slipping special literature. Shvonder also appoints Sharikov to a leadership position in the department for cleaning Moscow from stray cats, and gives him the idea to write a denunciation against the professor. With all these actions, Shvonder is waging a “cold war” with Preobrazhensky. He doesn’t care how Sharikov behaves, what he does, the main thing for Shvonder is to put the basics of the necessary ideology into Sharikov’s head and unbalance the professor.

To summarize, we can say that the image of Shvonder is the image of an ignorant, selfish person with base human qualities, he is the opposite of Professor Preobrazhensky, thanks to this image Bulgakov ridicules all the vices of the leading class. An instigator who, for the sake of his goals, is ready to do many base things. Unreasonable, aggressive, worshiping authority, laws and documents, he is like an ideal pawn for a higher authority. Under the guise of help and concern for the fate of Sharikova, she pushes the ideas of a new class.

Shvonder is a proletarian, “the new head of the house committee was elected at a meeting of the housing association.” The author presents him as a man “who had a shock of thick curly hair rising a quarter of an arshin on his head.” Despite his active participation in the plot, this character does not receive detailed characterization. It is presented schematically in the story. Sh. is not a person, he is a “public figure,” one of his “comrades.” The author focuses on his hatred of class enemies, that is, Professor Preobrazhensky and Doctor Bormental. During his visit in chapter six, he speaks to the professor with "quiet schadenfreude." And when Philip Philipovich involuntarily lost his temper, “blue joy spread across Shvonder’s face.”
In Sh.'s philosophy, the cornerstone is a document, a piece of paper. "A document is the most important thing in the world." - he says to Professor Preobrazhensky and is very indignant when Preobrazhensky rashly calls them idiotic. “It’s quite strange, professor,” Shvonder was offended, “how do you call the documents idiotic? I cannot allow an undocumented tenant to stay in the house, and not yet registered with the police. What if there is a war with imperialist predators?” This is the whole Sh., this is the morality of the proletariat, bowing before power, believing only in the power of laws, regulations, documents, aggressive and unreasoning. The outright stupidity and absurdity of Sharikov’s compiled identity card does not hurt his ears, which a professor, a luminary of world science, an educated, subtle person cannot help but recognize as nonsense. The scale of the discovery made by Professor Preobrazhensky is not important to him; he does not understand that Philip Philipovich performed a miracle by creating man like a creator. For him, Sharikov is just another tenant, a unit of society, of interest to him only from a practical point of view. “Well, it’s not a difficult matter. Write the certificate, citizen professor. So, they say, and so, the bearer of this is really Sharikov Poligraf Poligrafovich, um... born in your supposedly apartment.” The confrontation between Professor Preobrazhensky and the house committee, Shvonder, reflects the main conflict of the story, the conflict between two opposing socio-ethical classes.

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Shvonder is a minor character in M. A. Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog”, a proletarian, the new head of the house committee. He played an important role in introducing Sharikov into society. Despite this, the author does not give him a detailed description. This is not a person, but a public face, a generalized image of the proletariat. All that is known about his appearance is that he had a thick head of curly hair. He does not like class enemies, to which he classifies Professor Prebrazhensky and demonstrates this in every possible way.

For Shvonder, the most important thing in the world is a “document,” that is, a piece of paper. Having learned that an unregistered person lives in Philip Philipovich’s apartment, he immediately obliges him to register him and issue a passport in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. He doesn’t care where this man came from and the fact that Sharikov is just a dog transformed as a result of an experiment. Shvonder bows to power and believes in the power of laws, regulations and documents. He doesn’t even care that the professor has made a real revolution in science and medicine. For him, Sharikov is just another unit of society, an apartment tenant who needs to be registered.

Ball- the main character of M. A. Bulgakov’s fantastic story “The Heart of a Dog”, a stray dog ​​who was picked up and sheltered by Professor Preobrazhensky. This is an eternally hungry, frozen, homeless dog that wanders in the gateways in search of food. At the beginning of the story, we learn that a cruel cook scalded his side, and now he is afraid to ask anyone for food, lies against the cold wall and waits for the end. But suddenly the smell of sausage comes from somewhere and he, unable to bear it, follows her. A mysterious gentleman walked along the sidewalk, who not only treated him to sausage, but also invited him to his home. Since then, Sharik began a completely different life.

The professor took good care of him, cured his sore side, brought him into proper shape and fed him several times a day. Soon Sharik began to turn away even from the roast beef. The rest of the residents of the professor's large apartment also treated Sharik well. In return, he was ready to faithfully serve his master and savior. Sharik himself was a smart dog. He knew how to distinguish letters on street signs, knew exactly where the Glavryba store was in Moscow, where the meat counters were. Soon something strange happened to him. Professor Preobrazhensky decided to conduct an amazing experiment on human organ transplantation.

The experiment was a success, but after that Sharik gradually began to take on a human form and behave like the previous owner of the transplanted organs - the thief and repeat offender Klim Grigorievich Chugunkin, who died in a fight. So Sharik turned from a kind and smart dog into an ill-mannered boor, an alcoholic and a rowdy named Poligraph Poligrafovich Sharikov.

“Heart of a Dog” characteristic of Preobrazhensky

Preobrazhensky Philip Philipovich- the central character of M. A. Bulgakov’s fantastic story “The Heart of a Dog”, a luminary of medicine of world significance, an experimental surgeon who has achieved remarkable results in the field of rejuvenation. The professor lives and works in Moscow on Prechistenka. He has a seven-room apartment, where he conducts his experiments. Housekeepers Zina, Daria Petrovna and temporarily his assistant Bormental live with him. It was Philip Philipovich who decided to conduct a unique experiment on a stray dog ​​to transplant a human pituitary gland and testes.

He used the stray dog ​​Sharik as a test subject. The results of his experiment exceeded expectations, as Sharik began to take on a human appearance. However, as a result of this physical and psychological humanization, Sharik turned into a terrible rude man, a drunkard and a lawbreaker. The professor connected this with the fact that he transplanted the organs of Klim Chugunkin, a rowdy, recidivist thief, alcoholic and hooligan, into the dog. Over time, rumors about a dog that turned into a man leaked to the light and an official document was issued to Preobrazhensky’s creation in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. Moreover, the chairman of the house committee, Shvonder, forced Philip Fillipovich to register Sharikov in the apartment as a full-fledged inhabitant.

Sharikov acts as the complete opposite of the professor, which leads to an insoluble conflict. When Preobrazhensky asked him to leave the apartment, the matter ended with threats with a revolver. Without hesitating a moment longer, the professor decided to correct his mistake and, having put Sharikov to sleep, performed a second operation, which returned the dog’s kind heart and former appearance.

“Heart of a Dog” characteristic of Sharikov

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov- the main negative character of the story “Heart of a Dog”, the man into whom the dog Sharik turned after the operation of Professor Preobrazhensky. At the beginning of the story, it was a kind and harmless dog that the professor picked up. After an experimental operation to implant human organs, he gradually took on a human appearance and behaved like a human, albeit an immoral one. His moral qualities left much to be desired, since the transplanted organs belonged to the deceased repeat offender Klim Chugunkin. Soon the newly converted dog was given the name Poligraf Poligrafovich Sharikov and given a passport.

Sharikov became a real problem for the professor. He was rowdy, harassed neighbors, pestered servants, used foul language, got into fights, stole and drank a lot. As a result, it became clear that he inherited all these habits from the previous owner of the transplanted pituitary gland. Immediately after receiving his passport, he got a job as the head of the department for clearing Moscow of stray animals. Sharikov's cynicism and callousness forced the professor to carry out another operation to turn him back into a dog. Fortunately, he still had Sharikov’s pituitary gland, so at the end of the story Sharikov again became a kind and affectionate dog, without boorish habits.

“Heart of a Dog” characteristic of Bormenthal

Bormental Ivan Arnoldovich- one of the main characters of M. A. Bulgakov’s story “The Heart of a Dog”, assistant and assistant to Professor Preobrazhensky. This young doctor is fundamentally honest and noble by nature. He is completely devoted to his teacher and is always ready to help. He cannot be called weak-willed, since at the right moment he knows how to show strength of character. Preobrazhensky accepted Bormental as an assistant when he was still a student at the department. Immediately after graduation, the capable student became an assistant professor.

In a conflict situation that arose between Sharikov and Preobrazhensky, he takes the professor’s side and tries in every possible way to protect him and other characters. Sharikov was once just a stray dog ​​that was picked up and sheltered by a professor. For the purpose of the experiment, the human pituitary gland and testes were transplanted into him. Over time, the dog not only became more human, but also began to behave like a person, like the previous owner of the transplanted organs - the thief and repeat offender Klim Chugunkin. When rumors about the new resident reached the house committee, Sharik was given documents in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov and was registered in the professor’s apartment.

Bormenthal carefully monitored the behavior of this impudent and ill-mannered creature, not even disdaining physical violence. He had to temporarily move in with the professor to help deal with Sharikov, whom he almost strangled in his rage. Then the professor had to perform a second operation to turn Sharikov back into a dog.

"Heart of a Dog" characteristic Shvonder

Shvonder- a minor character in the story “Heart of a Dog”, a proletarian, the new head of the house committee. He played an important role in introducing Sharikov into society. Despite this, the author does not give him a detailed description. This is not a person, but a public face, a generalized image of the proletariat. All that is known about his appearance is that he had a thick head of curly hair. He does not like class enemies, to which he classifies Professor Prebrazhensky and demonstrates this in every possible way.

For Shvonder, the most important thing in the world is a “document,” that is, a piece of paper. Having learned that an unregistered person lives in Philip Philipovich’s apartment, he immediately obliges him to register him and issue a passport in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. He doesn’t care where this man came from and the fact that Sharikov is just a dog transformed as a result of an experiment. Shvonder bows to power and believes in the power of laws, regulations and documents. He doesn’t even care that the professor has made a real revolution in science and medicine. For him, Sharikov is just another unit of society, an apartment tenant who needs to be registered.

What does this person do? Being the chairman of the house committee, he does not consider it necessary to monitor the order and cleanliness of the house. It is not for nothing that, having learned about the move-in of the “tenants,” Professor Preobrazhensky laments: “The Kalabukhovsky house has disappeared! I'll have to leave, but where, one wonders? Everything will be like clockwork. First, there will be singing every evening, then the pipes in the toilets will freeze, then the steam heating boiler will burst, and so on.” This line of behavior, therefore, became habitual among people like Shvonder: not to fulfill their direct duties, but to engage in uttering revolutionary phrases. Discussions, meetings, pouring from empty to empty - all this is the bureaucratic element of Shvonder.

From the first appearance of Shvonder in Professor Preobrazhensky’s apartment, it is clear that this is a deeply uncultured person: he walks in dirty boots on Persian carpets. But if only this! He turns to Professor Preobrazhensky with an absurd demand to “densify”: the general meeting decided that the professor could well give up two rooms - the dining room and the examination room, as a result of which the professor would have to eat in the bedroom and operate in the same place where he cuts rabbits. It is characteristic that to Shvonder this situation seems quite natural, as well as the fact that a person’s needs are determined not by himself, but by the general meeting. Equalism, disrespect for individuality - these are Shvonder’s life principles.

Shvonder's first visit to Preobrazhensky's apartment ends in the disgrace of Shvonder and his associates. However, the appearance of Sharikov makes the professor vulnerable and causes a fit of violent activity in Shvonder. First of all, he writes a note to the newspaper, where he declares Sharikov the illegitimate son of the professor, since his (Shvonder’s) limited mind is not able to accommodate the thought of something unusual, unpredictable.

Shvonder becomes Sharikov's ideologist, his spiritual shepherd. He begins the education of a “new man,” again, in an absurd way. He doesn’t care at all that Sharikov rushes at every cat, husks the seeds and uses obscene language. The main thing is that Sharikov knows the basics of the new ideology, and he gives him to read the correspondence between Engels and Kautsky, from reading which Sharikov draws the radical conclusion that everything must be divided equally.

Moreover, Shvonder actually equalizes the social rights of a professor with

World famous and yesterday's yard dog. “A document is the most important thing in the world,” says Schwonder. The document turns Sharik into Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov, gives him the opportunity to become the head of the cleaning department, that is, to become a full member of human society.

But Shvonder does not understand that by caring for Sharikov, he is digging his own grave. Professor Preobrazhensky quite rightly notes: “...Shvonder is the biggest fool. He does not understand that Sharikov is an even more formidable danger for him than for me... if someone, in turn, sets Sharikov against Shvonder himself, then only horns and legs will remain of him.” Shvonder is not capable, therefore, even based on one’s own absurd logic, to at least foresee something, to even think about the consequences of one’s own actions. He is driven only by the desire to “divide everything,” and the meaning of his image in the story is to reveal the true nature of the social system that he personifies, and to show that in order to be a full member of this system, it is enough to learn to speak and get rid of the tail.