Essay “Man at War. Essay "Man at War" Cruel realities and romance

Cruel realities and romance

In military prose

Goals: reveal the features of prose works about war, drawing attention to the deepest moral conflicts, special tension in the confrontation of characters, feelings, beliefs in the tragic situation of war.

During the classes

And among the dead, the voiceless,

There is one consolation:

We fell for our Motherland,

But she is saved.

A. Tvardovsky

I. Checking homework.

Students read by heart, analyze a wartime poem, or present the work of one of the front-line poets.

Poetry of the Great Patriotic War. These are lines of the joy of victory and the pain of losing loved ones and relatives; they reflect the history of our homeland and the fate of the Russian people in those terrible years.

Over time, there are fewer and fewer of us who met the fateful dawn on June 22, 1941. Those who defended Moscow in the harsh autumn of 1941, who knew the bloody snow of Stalingrad, who “walked half of Europe on their bellies”... They did not stand behind the price, achieving victory, did not consider, “to whom is memory, to whom is glory, to whom is darkness water".

The memory of the war... The truth about the war... It is alive in prose works.

II. Introduction.

There is no word more cruel than war.

War - there is no sadder word.

War - there is no holier word...

For some reason, it is these lines by A. Tvardovsky that come to mind when reading or re-reading books about the war.

Try to write down your impressions of our conversation, using these words as an epigraph.

Probably everyone has heard the phrase: “There are good books about war, but the truth is not the whole story.” And it seems to me that we are not talking about some personal truth known only to you about a battle, a commander, an event, without which there is no complete there cannot be truth - we are talking about the general, united, most important truth - about the people's truth.

True talent seeks this truth not in the broad epic scope of many persons, events, years, not in global philosophical generalizations, but in the specifics of life, in its real manifestations. It’s as if the writer is convincing himself: nothing that falls on the scales of good and evil is missed or forgotten...

“I didn’t know then and couldn’t know that out of our entire class, out of those guys who went to the front, I was the only one destined to return alive from the war...” - G. Baklanov will write this.

“I looked at the dead man through the stereo tube. Fresh blood glistens in the sun, and flies are already clinging to it, swarming over him. Here, on the bridgehead, there are a great many flies,” this is also G. Baklanov.

“I still hear in my ears the cry of a child flying into a well. Have you ever heard this scream? You wouldn't be able to hear it, you wouldn't be able to stand it. A child flies and screams, screams as if from somewhere underground, from the other world,” S. Alexievich will write, and as if in response to her, this cry that has forever entered the soul, another one will be heard, from the barn, which is already lined straw, doused with gasoline: “Mommy, dear, ask too, they will burn us...” - this is A. Adamovich.

And as a requiem for his generation, the lines of the front-line poet will sound:

The snow is full of mines all around

And turned black from mine dust.

Breakup - and a friend dies,

And death passes by again.

Now it's my turn

I'm the only one being hunted.

Forty-one be damned

And infantry frozen in the snow.

This is about those who died fulfilling their soldier’s duty, the duty of the defender of the Fatherland, their home.

Reading books about war, you understand that feat is not a romantic adventure, but work with risk and danger. For example, one of the events that is quite often described is the capture of a prisoner. One can recall the reserved, wise captain Travkin E. Kazakevich, who will obtain from the German the most important information about the impending tank breakthrough, and Sintsov and his company comrade from K. Simonov’s trilogy “The Living and the Dead,” when they promise General Orlov to take the “language” and the general is overtaken by a mine explosion, and now the word given to the dead is especially strong, even withdrawn, and they will drag the German at the cost of a serious wound and the loss of the leg of their partner in the night search...

And Kuznetsov will risk himself, from D. Medvedev’s story “It Was Near Rovno,” by stealing a German colonel with his top-secret documents.

A. Adamovich’s book “The Punishers” is terrifying with the brutal truth about war. It is about those former prisoners of war who made their choice, saving their lives, escaping from the concentration camp, and joining the ranks of the punitive detachment. The essence of this choice will be revealed when Nikolai Bely, one of those who put on someone else’s uniform, is put to the test: a pistol is thrust into your hand, the German rests his barrel on your back - and a march to a huge, seemingly endless ditch, at the edge of which stand people, doomed to death, and you, exactly you, must shoot, and the number of times you shoot, the number of cigarettes you will receive as an encouragement, and former Red Army lieutenant Nikolai Afanasyevich Bely hears his neighbor exclaim in shock:

Why, you people, I can’t!

If you can’t, then fall into this hole, let only those who can pull the trigger remain.

In order for this great test to which the human soul is subjected to become especially visible, the author brings it to its tragic peak. In Russian literature, the measure of a person’s value was the attitude towards a child, which is probably why, following the classical traditions, Adamovich gives his hero the highest test: Bely sees a boy “sitting like a frog on the edge of a ditch, pounding with all his vertebrae and asking, crying: “Uncle, hutchey uncle, hurry up!” He is so unbearably afraid that he hurries the shot as a way of getting rid of the inhuman horror! So will White be able to shoot or not?

The author stops the description, there will be no continuation, but the next scene will begin with the words: “Lieutenant Bely led his train along the street...” In German, Zug is a platoon, and the former lieutenant is its commander. So, he was able to do it, and even received a promotion, and they go to work - to kill the village of Borki.

Adamovich does not hide the incredible difficulty of choosing such “former lieutenants.” But Muravyov remembers that he was the tenth who stepped out of the camp gates to the tables with sausage and bread, the last, and his comrades, half-dead, hungry, looked “at the white chunks with red sausage” and did not take the step that he took. And so simply and horribly the parents will say to their son, who came to the house in a German uniform: “It would be better if they killed you...”

There is nothing more dangerous, says Adamovich, than forgetting what happened to people. Remembering is painful, but forgetting is mortally dangerous for all humanity. Because the world can only stand on the principles of humanism, love, mercy and the conviction that besides your priceless life there are also values, those that make this world a world of people and preserve for a person what makes him human, even in the inhuman atmosphere of war.

III. Discussion of the independently read story by K. Vorobyov “Killed near Moscow.”

You yourself read Vorobyov’s story “Killed near Moscow” about the fate of 239 Kremlin cadets who died near Moscow in five days of November 1941. It begs to be said: “innocently killed.” V. P. Astafiev is right: “You can’t just read the story “Killed near Moscow”, because from it, like from the war itself, your heart hurts, your fists clench and you want one thing: so that what happened to the Kremlin never, ever happens again. cadets who died after an inglorious, convulsive battle in absurd loneliness near Moscow..."

The naked truth of the writer, who was captured shell-shocked near Klin in December 1941, reveals the people's tragedy of 1941. According to K. Vorobyov’s wife, memories of the war burned his consciousness, he wanted to shout about it at the top of his voice. To talk about what he witnessed, it seemed that some kind of superhuman language was needed, and K. Vorobyov finds words that convey to us the merciless, terrible truth of the first months of the war.

Who is at the center of events in Vorobyov's story?

These are young men from a company of Kremlin cadets, led by Captain Ryumin to the front, which “appeared to the cadets as a visible and majestic structure made of reinforced concrete, fire and human flesh.”

“- Two hundred and forty people? And are they all the same height?

“Height 183,” said the captain.”

They are heroes: both externally and internally they resemble epic heroes. This is probably what the “small, exhausted lieutenant colonel” felt in them, who “for some reason stood up on the toes of his boots.”

The cadets are young, and in youth it is so common to imitate.

Who and why became an ideal and idol for the cadets, an object of admiration and admiration?

This is Captain Ryumin: he embodied the dignity and honor of a real Russian officer. “The cadets imitate him, stubbornly wearing their caps slightly shifted to the right temple.” Rejoicing at “his flexible young body in a stately commander’s overcoat,” the main character of the story, Alexei Yastrebov, thinks of himself: “Like our captain.”

The company is doomed, the death of the cadets is inevitable - they are surrounded...

Why did Captain Ryumin need a night battle with the enemy’s motorized mechanized battalion?

“...He finally matured and clearly formed what was, in his opinion, a genuine military decision - the only correct decision. The cadets should not be aware of the environment, because going back with it meant simply saving themselves, being frightened in advance. Cadets must believe in their own strength before learning about their surroundings.” Ryumin throws the cadets into the attack so that they can feel like soldiers, and not die without even getting a fight: “It was as if Ryumin saw his company for the first time, and the fate of each cadet - his own too - suddenly appeared before him as the focus of everything that the war could end for the Motherland - death or victory." It was important for him that the Kremlin people retained everything human in themselves.

Why did Ryumin decide to commit suicide?

I understood the tragedy of the situation: “We cannot be forgiven for this. Never!" Realized the impossibility of changing anything.

What did this suicide mean for Yastrebov?

When Alexey saw Ryumin’s death, “he discovered an unexpected and unfamiliar phenomenon to him of the world, in which there was nothing small, distant and incomprehensible. Now everything that once already was and could still be, acquired in his eyes a new, enormous significance, closeness and intimacy, and all this - past, present and future - required extremely careful attention and attitude. Thus, Captain Ryumin is a representative of the older generation, a man, according to K. Vorobyov, who has preserved the best traditions of the Russian army, the features and qualities of a Russian officer.

What is the personality of a young man like in war? What qualities does the author embody in Alexey Yastrebov? What do we value most about him?

The hero of K. Vorobyov is endowed by the author with the ability to deeply and strongly feel all living things. He rejoices at the “light, blue, untouched clean” snow, which gave off “the smell of overripe Antonov apples.” “A little frosty, through and fragile, like glass,” the morning (“The snow did not shine, but shone fiery, iridescent, iridescent and blinding”) evokes in him “some kind of irrepressible, lurking happiness - joy in this fragile morning, causeless joy , proud and secret, with whom I wanted to be alone, but for someone to see it from afar.”

Humane and conscientious, Alexei Yastrebov acutely worries and ponders everything that happens to Him and his comrades. “His whole being was opposed to what was happening - it wasn’t that he didn’t want to, but simply didn’t know where, in what corner of his soul to place it, at least temporarily, and even a thousandth part of what was happening... was not in his soul places where the incredible reality of war would subside.”

What role do landscape sketches play in Vorobyov’s work?

Nature and war. Landscape backgrounds even more sharply emphasize the fragility of life in war, the unnaturalness of war.

What feeling helps cadets, armed only with self-loading rifles, grenades and bottles of gasoline, resist the enemy?

The heroes of the story have an ineradicably high sense of patriotism, their love for the Motherland is inexhaustible. They took on the burden of responsibility for the fate of their homeland, without separating their fate, themselves from it: “Like a blow, Alexei suddenly felt a painful feeling of kinship, pity and closeness to everything that was around and nearby.”

The feeling of responsibility for the fate of the fatherland forces Alexei Yastrebov to be especially demanding of himself (“No, first I myself. First I must myself...”) This feeling helps him gain victory over himself, over his weakness and fear. When Alexey learned about the death of six guys, his first thought was: “I won’t go.” But he looked at the cadets and realized that he had to go there and see everything. See everything that already exists and what will still be.

Konstantin Vorobyov highlights the highest humanity of Yastrebov, “whose heart was stubborn to the end to believe in the stupid bestial cruelty of these same fascists; he could not bring himself to think of them otherwise than as people whom he knew or did not know - it makes no difference. But what are these? Which?"

It is humanity and these painful questions that force him, “exhausted, crushed by a cold inner trembling,” to approach the German he killed: “I’ll just take a look. Who is he? Which?" In Vorobyov’s diaries there is the following entry: “He could call them executioners and degenerates, but his heart was stubborn to believe in their cannibalistic cruelty, because in their physical appearance everything was from ordinary people.” Alexey wins because in a tragically cruel world, where “the master of everything is now war. Everything!”, retained dignity and humanity, a blood, inextricable connection with childhood, with his small Motherland.

What are your impressions of the work you read?

True to the trench truth of war, K. Vorobyov, having told about the death of young, beautiful, unarmed people full of life, thrown under German planes and tanks, placed in inhumane conditions, told how it really was there.

The story was published in the February issue of the magazine “New World” for 1963, then it was published by the publishing house “Soviet Russia”. The first version of the story was preserved in the writer’s archive: “Perhaps several hours passed, or perhaps only a few minutes, and Alexey heard a guttural shout above him in a foreign language:

Herr lieutenant, yes ist ein russischer officer!

They pulled him out of the collapsed grave sharply, unitedly and forcefully, and he found himself sitting at the feet of the Germans. One of them was wearing yellow boots with wide flared tops. Alexey looked long and blankly only at these boots - he had seen them somewhere a long time ago, and, obeying something secret and powerful, which, in addition to his crumpled will, was frantically looking for a way to save his life, he looked almost hopefully in the face the owner of these familiar boots. The German laughed and lightly kicked him in the side:

Es ist aus mit dir, Rus. Kaput.

Alexey understood and began to rise. His back and the place on his body where the German had kicked with his boot had long been warm and comforting, and, leaning on his hands, he looked around and saw the blazing stacks.”

K. Vorobyov was asked to change the end of the story, to make it optimistic.

Think about which option logically follows from its content? Why did the writer agree to change the ending of the story?

The first option is more organic (and this is convincingly and vividly shown in the story), it expresses the tragedy of the first months of the war. But K. Vorobiev believed that from the point of view of historical truth, both options are legitimate and truthful. He wrote about this in one of his letters in 1961: “The ending in “Killed near Moscow” may be different: the hero, Alexei, is alive and is coming out of encirclement.”

What do you think is the significance of books like Vorobyov’s story?

The book “Killed near Moscow,” like other honest and truly talented works, not only preserves our historical memory, strengthened by the deep, sincere experience of the tragic history of the Kremlin cadets, but also becomes a warning story: why is blood shed today?.. And what then depends on us?

IV. Creative work (or can be given as homework).

Write an argument using as an epigraph the words suggested at the beginning of the lesson:

War - there is no crueler word.

War - there is no sadder word.

War - there is no holier word...

Exercise for a separate group:

Here is a poem by a poet who died for his Motherland during the Great Patriotic War

Dreamer, visionary, lazy, envious!

What? Are bullets in a helmet safer than drops?

And the horsemen rush by with a whistle

Sabers spinning with propellers.

I used to think: "Lieutenant"

It sounds like “pour it for us”

And, knowing the topography,

He stomps on the gravel.

War is not fireworks at all.

It's just hard work,

black with sweat -

Infantry slides through the plowing.

And clay in the slurping tramp

Freezing feet to the marrow

Filled with chobots

The weight of bread for a month's ration.

The fighters also have buttons

Scales of heavy orders.

Not up to the order.

There would be a Motherland

Happy daily Borodino!

What is the meaning for you of the fate of the young pre-war generation, as it appears in the story by K. Vorobyov and the poem by M. Kulchitsky?

Lesson 27

Literature of the 50-90s.

Veshchikova Anatoly

The work was written by a thinking person who loves to read good books and reflect on them.

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A man at war.

Competition essay

Pupils 10 in class Veshchikova Anatolia.

“War is... the most disgusting thing in life,” wrote Leo Tolstoy. Unfortunately, not everyone understands this undeniable truth. When will humanity say “no” to a war that can turn people born to live as brothers into wild animals?

Returning from the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, our great-grandfathers and grandfathers could not imagine that their great-grandchildren would have to fight. But the Afghan events, in which over fifteen thousand soldiers and officers died, and two wars in Chechnya are already behind us. Did Soviet soldiers die on the battlefields of Moscow and Leningrad, Stalingrad and Kursk so that people would die decades after the end of the Great Patriotic War? No, each of us is born on Earth to live. We must fight with all our might for peace, which, according to Anatole France, is needed so that “man can grow into a man.”

Many books about various wars have been written by Russian and foreign classics, but the story “Sashka” by Vyacheslav Kondratyev made the strongest impression on me.

This work does not contain large-scale paintings of the Great Patriotic War, although the book is dedicated to “all those who fought near Rzhev - living and dead.” There are few battle scenes in the story; the writer's attention is focused on the individual. Kondratyev seeks to find out how an ordinary soldier manages to maintain high moral qualities in spite of difficult circumstances.

The writer does not even give the main character of the story a last name. Kondratyev wants to show that Sashka does not stand out from the crowd, he is just one of many defenders of the Fatherland, and not an exceptional person.

In my opinion, the image of Sashka is a great creative success of the author of the work. When you read the story, you involuntarily catch yourself thinking that Kondratieff’s hero is a luminous person, endearing, inspiring complete trust.

We first meet Sashka when he takes up his night post, having a “worthless partner” who “it stings here and itches in another place.” But the fighter believes that his comrade is not a malingerer, but “a truly ill and weak man from hunger,” so he sends him to rest in a hut. Sashka’s humanity immediately captivates the reader. While on patrol, the soldier thinks about his commander, who was left without shoes, and the soldier wants to take off the felt boots from the killed German for his lieutenant. Sashka is able not only to take care of the company commander, but also to help him out in difficult times. So, during a battle, a soldier sees the confused face of the commander, who cocks the bolt of his machine gun while moving, but he is “silent.” Sashka understands that the company commander shot the disk, so he gives his ammunition to the officer, not thinking that he himself may not have enough cartridges.

The hero of V. Kondratiev is a thinking person. He understands the reasons for the failures of the Red Army at the front: “the German is still stronger and fights cautiously, does not scatter people, and is careful at night.” Sashka is clear that the retreat of the Soviet troops is caused not only by a “lack of shells and mines,” but also by the inability of commanders and privates to fight properly. Understanding this, the hero of the story still believes in victory and honestly fulfills his soldier’s duty, although at first he perceives the war romantically.

Sashka dreams of accomplishing a feat while still “sitting in the rear” in the Far East. Vanity thoughts leave the hero only when he gets to the front. On the front line, it becomes clear to Sashka that war is hard, intense work, constant meetings face to face with death. A soldier at the front is scared, but Sashka does not tremble for his life, does not try to hide behind someone else’s back. He thinks least of himself. The author describes the hero’s behavior in extreme situations in such a way that the reader takes Sashka’s actions for granted. According to the fighter, a man is the protector of everyone who is physically weaker. Sashka does not see anything heroic in saving nurse Zina from certain death by covering her with his body during the bombing. The fighter likes the girl, but she loves another person. Sashka recognizes everyone’s right to build life in their own way. Having learned that it is not he who is dear to Zina, the hero of V. Kondratyev’s story finds the strength in himself to get out of the way of his beloved woman, and does not hold a grudge against her: “...Zina is uncondemned... It’s just war...”.

The author, in my opinion, very successfully uses one artistic device in the story. The writer talks about Sashka’s everyday life at the front, but he looks at everything that happens through the eyes of the hero. Once upon a time, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky observed Raskolnikov’s actions, as if being in his restless inner world. V. Kondratiev continues the tradition of the great classic and penetrates deeply into the psychology of the hero, although the writer gives very little dialogue between Sashka and himself.

The most striking episode in the story is the battalion commander’s interrogation of a captured German brought by Sashka to headquarters. The fascist is silent, and the captain gives the order to shoot the Nazi. The soldier grabs the prisoner by the chest and shouts: “Speak, you bastard! They will kill!” Sashka is not thinking about himself at the moment. A soldier who, in the presence of an officer, tries to save the life of an enemy risks being court-martialed. What makes the hero of the story take such a step? The Russian soldier does not want to be a liar even in the eyes of a fascist. After all, Sashka showed the German a leaflet in which it was written that prisoners in the Red Army were not shot. The Soviet soldier knows the value of human life. He cannot kill an unarmed enemy. What moral height must a person rise to in order to defend his own rightness at risk! And Sashka fights for the truth and wins. The battalion commander reverses his decision and orders the fascist to be taken to division headquarters.

A lot can be said about V. Kondratiev’s hero. The writer turned out this image to be bright and memorable. When you read the story, you involuntarily catch yourself thinking that our people won the war against the Nazis because people like Sashka were in the majority. Their fate at the front is not easy, but even in the most difficult situations one must remain human.

Sashka, like Gogol’s hero Taras Bulba, for whom “there is no bond more holy than comradeship,” will go to any test for a friend. I would like to have a comrade like Sashka, but, unfortunately, he is a literary hero, not a real person.

The story has an open ending. We part with Sashka when he arrives in Moscow, from where he has a long journey home. Will this wonderful man survive the war? Will he return home after victory? I would like to hope that he will survive, that he will survive. Sashka is a strong-willed man, a brave warrior, a patriot. If a soldier is destined to die, then, in my opinion, he will accept death like a real hero and will not compromise the honor and dignity of a Russian soldier. And then people will remember Sashka, because, as James Aldridge said, “... a man who dies for a just cause leaves his mark. And we partly live at his expense, paid for by his blood, his death. Therefore, he, in essence, continues to live, because we owe him too much to forget him... No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.”

Only he is worthy of life and freedom,
Who goes to battle for them every day.
J. V. Goethe. "Faust"
The Great Patriotic War was the most difficult test that befell the Russian people. This is the most tragic period in Russian history. It is in such difficult moments that the best human qualities emerge. The fact that people were able to withstand this test with honor, not to lose their dignity, to protect their Motherland, their children, is the greatest feat. The ability to accomplish a feat is the most important quality of a real person. To accomplish it, you must, first of all, forget about yourself and think about others, forget about death and the fear of death, challenge nature with your renunciation of the thirst for life inherent in all living things. Therefore, one of the most important themes of our literature is the theme of human feats in war. Many writers themselves went through a difficult soldier's path, many of them witnessed a great tragedy and a great feat. The works of K. Simonov, V. Bykov, V. Nekrasov, B. Vasiliev, G. Baklanov and many other writers do not leave anyone indifferent. Each writer tries in different ways to understand what allows a person to accomplish a feat, where are the moral origins of this act.
Vasil Bykov. The story of "Sotnikov". Winter of 1942... A partisan detachment, burdened with women, children, and wounded, is surrounded. Two people go on a mission - Sotnikov and Rybak. Fisherman is one of the best soldiers in the partisan detachment. His practical acumen, ability to adapt to any circumstances
lives turn out to be priceless. His opposite is Sotnikov. A modest, inconspicuous person, without obvious external signs of a hero, a former teacher. Why, being weak and sick, did he go on an important task? “Why should they, and not I, go? What right do I have to refuse?” - Sotnikov thinks so before leaving for a mission. When Sotnikov and Rybak are captured, then their moral qualities truly appear. There was nothing to say that the strong and healthy Fisherman would chicken out and become a traitor. And exhausted by illness, injury, and beatings, Sotnikov will hold on courageously until the last minute and accept death without weakness or fear. “I’m a partisan...” Sotnikov said not very loudly. - The rest has nothing to do with it. Take me alone."
The sources of his courage are high morality, conviction in the rightness of his cause, so he was not ashamed to look into the boy’s eyes. “It’s all over now. Finally, he looked for the frozen stalk of the boy in the Budenovka.”
There is no abstract person in V. Bykov's story. In one case, the fear of death destroys everything human in a person, as happened with the Fisherman; in other cases, under the same circumstances, a person overcomes fear and rises to his full moral height. This is how Sotnikov, the elder Peter, and the peasant woman Demchikha showed themselves.
War is always a difficult time in people’s lives, but most of all its weight weighs on a woman’s shoulders. During the Great Patriotic War, women challenged nature by abandoning the “female” life and starting to live a “male” life that was not typical for them.
In his work “War Doesn’t Have a Woman’s Face,” S. Alexievich describes the heroines of the Great Patriotic War, famous and unknown, thanks to whom we now live. They shielded their descendants from the enemy, putting everything on the altar of Victory: their lives, their happiness - everything they had.
Female sniper... The combination is unnatural. It was difficult to cross the line between life and death and kill in the name of life.
Sniper Maria Ivanovna Morozova recalls: “Our scouts took one German officer, and he was extremely surprised that many soldiers were knocked out in his position and all the wounds were only in the head. A simple shooter, he says, cannot make so many hits to the head. “Show me,” he asked, “this shooter who killed so many of my soldiers, I received a large reinforcement, and every day up to ten people dropped out.” The regiment commander says: “Unfortunately, I can’t show you, this is a girl sniper, but she died.” It was Sasha Shlyakhova. She died in a sniper fight. And what let her down was the red scarf. And the red scarf is noticeable in the snow, unmasking. And when the German officer heard that it was a girl, he lowered his head, did not know what to say..."
Doctors performed an immortal feat during the war, providing assistance to millions of wounded, helping people, not sparing themselves, their strength, their lives.
Ekaterina Mikhailovna Rabchaeva, a medical instructor, recalls: “I was dragging the first wounded man, and his legs gave way. I drag him and whisper: “If only I hadn’t died... I wish I hadn’t died...” I bandage him, and cry, and say something to him, it’s a pity...”
“The wounded were brought to us directly from the battlefield. Once two hundred people were wounded in a barn, and I was alone. I don’t remember where it was... In what village... So many years have passed... I remember that for four days I didn’t sleep, didn’t sit down, everyone shouted: “Sister... sister... help, dear! ..” I ran from one to another, and immediately fell asleep. I woke up from a scream, the commander, a young lieutenant, also wounded, stood up on his good side and shouted: “Be silent! Silence, I order! He realized that I was exhausted, and everyone was calling me, they were in pain: “Sister... sister...” I jumped up, ran - I don’t know where, what... And then for the first time I came to the front , cried..."
The book “War Does Not Have a Woman’s Face” ends with the call: “Let us bow to her, to the very ground. To her great Mercy." This is a call to us - the young.
A lot of feats were accomplished during the war, but it is enough to read B. Vasiliev’s story “Not on the Lists” to begin to understand the origins of this heroism, which came from selfless love for the Motherland.
This work is about the path of maturity that nineteen-year-old lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov goes through during the short period of defense of the Brest Fortress. Nikolai has just graduated from military school. At his request, he was appointed to one of the units of the Special Western District as a platoon commander. Late at night on June 21, 1941, he arrives at the fortress, intending to report to the commander in the morning to enroll in the lists and begin his duties. But the war began, and Pluzhnikov remained off the list. Hence the title of the story. But the main thing is to show the heroism and inner beauty of our soldiers.
After the first three days of fierce fighting, “the days and nights of defending the fortress merged into one single chain of sorties and bombings, attacks, shelling, wandering through dungeons, short battles with the enemy and short, fainting-like minutes of oblivion. And a constant debilitating desire to live that does not go away even in a dream.”
When the Germans managed to break into the fortress and tear its defenses into separate, isolated pockets of resistance, they began to turn the fortress into ruins. But at night the ruins came to life again. “The wounded, scorched, exhausted rose from under the bricks, crawled out of the basements and, in bayonet attacks, destroyed those who risked staying the night. And the Germans were afraid of the nights.”
When at the end Pluzhnikov remains the only defender of the fortress, he continues to fight alone. Even when he was trapped, he did not give up and came out only when he learned that the Germans had been defeated near Moscow. “Now I have to go out and look them in the eye for the last time.” He hides the battle banner so that the enemies do not get it. He says: “The fortress did not fall: it simply bled to death.”
The people who died during the defense of the Brest Fortress are called heroes of heroes who, remaining surrounded, not knowing whether the country was alive, fought the enemy to the last.
The history of the war is full of facts of courage and dedication of millions of people who selflessly defended their Motherland. Only people with a strong spirit, strong convictions, and ready to die for them can win a war. During the war, all these qualities of the Russian people manifested themselves, their readiness to perform feats in the name of freedom. Returning to Goethe's words, we can conclude that every day of the war was a battle for life and freedom. The victory, won with such difficulty by the Russian people, was a worthy reward for everything they had accomplished.

Lesson summary “Man at war. The truth about him."

Epigraph for the lesson:

“Telling lies about the war is not only immoral, but also criminal both in relation to millions of its victims and to the future. The people of Earth must know what danger they got rid of, and at what cost this deliverance was achieved.”

(V. Bykov)

Lesson type: lesson on systematization of knowledge (general methodological orientation), (lesson-conference).

Technology: developmental training.

Planned results.

Subject: ability to analyze a work of art; the ability to characterize literary heroes.

Metasubject:

Personal:

Evaluate your own educational activities, develop a positive attitude towards the learning process, and apply the rules of business cooperation.

Cognitive:

Understand information, make generalizations, conclusions.

Regulatory:

Accept a learning task, plan your actions, analyze your own activities, evaluate your work and the work of your classmates.

Communicative:

Plan, carry out your work in groups, participate in educational dialogue with the teacher.

Lesson objectives:

Personal

Formation of spiritual and moral qualities, respectful attitude towards Russian literature, pride in the heroism of the people during the Great Patriotic War;

improving the ability to solve cognitive problems using various sources of information.

Metasubject

develop the ability to understand a problem and put forward a hypothesis;

develop the ability to select material to argue one’s own position and formulate conclusions;

develop the ability to work with different sources of information.

Subject

develop the ability to understand the connection of literary works with the era of their writing, to identify the timeless moral values inherent in the work and their modern meaning;

develop the ability to understand and formulate the theme and idea of the work, the moral pathos of the work;

develop the ability to characterize heroes, compare heroes of one or more works;

consolidation of the skill of answering questions about the text read, conducting a dialogue, developing oral coherent speech, and expressive reading skills;

consolidation of the ability to write an essay related to the problems of the studied work.

Means of education:

Computer, projector, presentation, texts of works of art, portraits of writers: A.T. Tvardovsky, Vasilyev, Yu. Drunina, exhibition of books about the war.

Methods and techniques:

Verbal, visual and practical, self-control.

Students prepare assignments for the lesson:

1 group “Documentary filmmakers”. They select material about writers and works.

Group 2 “Musicians”. They select songs about the Great Patriotic War and music for the lesson.

Group 3 “Readers”. They prepare expressive readings of poems by famous poets, poems of their own composition, excerpts from works, and role-playing readings of fragments of works.

As the lesson progresses, students fill out the table “Man at War. The truth about him."

1 A.T. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”

The hero of the poem Vasily Terkin

A generalized image of a Soviet soldier, bold, courageous...

2 Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet”

Heroes of the story Fedot Vaskov, five girls: Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Galina Chetvertak, Sonya Gurvich

3 Heroes-compatriots, participants in the war.

During the classes.

A song about the Great Patriotic War is playing.

"Our tenth airborne battalion"

Music: B. Okudzhava, lyrics: B. Okudzhava

The birds don't sing here,

Trees don't grow

And just us, shoulder to shoulder,

We're growing into the ground here.

The planet is burning and spinning,

There is smoke over our Motherland,

And that means we need one victory,

One for all - we won’t stand behind the price.

A deadly fire awaits us,

And yet he is powerless.

Our tenth airborne battalion.

As soon as the battle died down,

Another order sounds

And the postman will go crazy

Looking for us.

A red rocket takes off

The machine gun hits tirelessly,

And that means we need one victory,

One for all - we won’t stand behind the price.

A deadly fire awaits us,

And yet he is powerless.

Doubts away, goes away into the night separately,

Our tenth airborne battalion.

From Kursk and Orel

The war has brought us

Right up to the enemy gates.

That's how things are, brother.

Someday we will remember this

And I won’t believe it myself.

And now we need one victory,

One for all - we won’t stand behind the price.

One for all - we won’t stand behind the price!

A deadly fire awaits us,

And yet he is powerless.

Doubts away, goes away into the night separately,

Our tenth airborne battalion.

1969

Organizational stage of the lesson. Motivation for learning activities.

Teacher's opening remarks:

“The planet is burning and spinning, there is smoke above our Motherland!” These disturbing words from Bulat Okudzhava’s song are closely related to the topic of our lesson. What will we talk about in our lesson on the eve of the great holiday of Victory Day? Let's define a topic. (The Great Patriotic War. Man at war.) What do you think is the role of such an important lesson for each of us? What responsibility do writers of war stories have on themselves? (Depict events realistically, truthfully...)

The epigraph to our lesson is the words of the Soviet writer V. Bykov, who said:

Our lesson is dedicated to works about the Great Patriotic War. What works will we remember? (A.T. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” and B. Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet”, poems by Yu. Drunina “Zinka”, R. Verzakova “War does not have a woman’s face”). And the main hero in war is man. Let's write down the topic of the lesson in the notebook “Man at War. The truth about him."

Goal setting.

What are the goals of our lesson?

The purpose of our lesson is to understand the pain that the world suffered during the Great Patriotic War. Know at what cost the victory was won. Identify the problems that concern the authors of the works... Systematize the material for the essay-reasoning...

What do youmust know for a literature lesson?

The content, the characters of the work, the time depicted in the work, the genre of the work, basic information about the authors of the work. Whatmust be able to ? Retell, characterize characters, read expressively, compare works by different authors...

Our lesson type: lesson-conference.

Whichform of work chosen? (Group). What did each group prepare for the lesson?

1 group “Documentary filmmakers”. We selected material about writers and works. Prepared presentations for the lesson. (Research work)

Group 2 “Musicians”. We selected songs about the Great Patriotic War and music for the lesson.

Group 3 “Readers”. They prepared expressive readings of poems by famous poets, poems of their own composition, excerpts from works, and role-playing readings of fragments of works. (Creative tasks)

During the lesson, we fill out the table “Man at War. The truth about him. Characteristics of heroes". The tables are in front of you. At the end of the lesson, evaluate each other’s work. (Mutual check, mutual assessment)

Updating knowledge and fixing difficulties in a trial action. Identifying the location and cause of the problem. Building a project for getting out of a problem.

Where can you apply the knowledge acquired in the lesson? (On the exam, in an argumentative essay) What points in writing an argumentative essay cause you difficulty? What are their reasons? What are the main requirements for an argumentative essay? You are familiar with the outline of an argumentative essay. It is in front of you on your desk, you will use it when writing an essay at home, using examples from literature and from life experience that you will enrich today.

Primary consolidation in external speech.

Now let’s remember works about the Great Patriotic War. Let's talk about the feat of soldiers and officers. Let's find answers to the questions:

How was the heroism of people manifested during the Great Patriotic War? What truth did the authors of the works tell us about the war?

Which work reflected the high spirit of the Soviet soldier?

Student presentation.

Message from the first group “Documentalists” about Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin”, about Orest Vereisky’s painting “Portrait of Tyorkin”, about the history of its writing. (Interdisciplinary connections).

Teacher:

How do you see Vasily Terkin in Vereisky’s portrait? At what moment do you think it was captured?

(Oral description of the painting)

Teacher:

Thanks for the presentation and interesting message. Guys, what new did you learn from the performance of this group? Does your idea of Vasily Tyorkin match this portrait?

Students’ independent work on the chapter “On Loss.”

Teacher:

Let us recall some chapters from the poem “Vasily Terkin”, in which the real character of the hero was clearly revealed. What chapter would you like to focus on today?

Student report on the chapter “On Loss.”

Teacher:

Let's seedramatization of the chapter "About loss." Let us note the main character traits of the fighter Vasily Terkin.

The fighter lost his pouch,

I fawned over it - no and no.

The fighter says:

(Fighter:)

- It's a shame.

So many troubles suddenly befallen:

Lost my family. OK.

No, you're wearing a pouch!

Lost somewhere

Grab-grab, the trace is gone.

I lost both my yard and my hut.

Fine. And here is the pouch.

If only the years were young,

And not forty whole years...

Lost my dear lands,

Everything in the world and a pouch.

He looked around with longing:

- Without a pouch, it’s like without hands.

- Without a tobacco pouch at the shag

The taste is not the same anymore. Weak!

This is fate, Comrade Terkin.

(Vasily Terkin:)

- Without a pouch, of course

You are not the same fighter anymore.

Since a pouch is a military item,

Well, mine won't fit?

Accept that I'm a good guy.

I'm not sorry. I won't be lost.

They'll give me five more pieces

In the coming year,

He takes a shabby pouch,

Like a child, I’m happy about the new thing...

And then Vasily Terkin,

As if I remembered:

- Listen, brother,

There is no shame in losing your family -

It wasn't your fault.

It's a shame to lose your head,

Well, that's what war is for.

Lose the tobacco pouch,

If there is no one to sew, -

I don’t argue, it’s also bitter,

It's hard, but you can live,

Survive the misfortune

Hold tobacco in your fist,

But Russia, the old mother,

There is no way we can lose.

Our grandfathers, our children,

Our grandchildren do not order.

How many years have we been living in the world?

A thousand?.. More! That's it, brother!

How long to live in the world -

A year, or two, or a thousand years, -

You and I are responsible for everything.

That's it, brother! And you are a pouch...

Teacher:

What qualities What do you appreciate about Vasily Terkin’s character? (Understands what responsibility lies on his shoulders).

Teacher:

How do we see the main character in this chapter and in other chapters?

Presentation “Vasily Terkin – Defender of the Motherland.”

Students name the main character traits of a literary hero, determine what truth the author of the work is telling us about, talk about the continuity of generations, and draw a conclusion.

Teacher:

Inclusion in the knowledge system and repetition.

Teacher:

Veterans of the Great Patriotic War live next to us. We know their names and express our deep gratitude to them for the peaceful sky. Many, unfortunately, are no longer with us, but their memory lives on. Let us remember our fellow countrymen who brought Victory closer.

The song sounds: “Sometimes there are no names left from the heroes of bygone times...” (Mark Bernes).

Sometimes there are no names left of the heroes of bygone times.

Those who fought a difficult battle became just dirt and grass.

Only their formidable valor settled in the hearts of the living.

This eternal flame has been bequeathed to us alone. We keep it in our chests.

Look at my fighters, the whole world remembers their faces

Now the battalion is frozen in line, I recognize old friends again.

Even though they are not twenty-five, they had to go through a difficult path.

These are those who rose up with hostility as one. Those who took Berlin.

There is no family in Russia where its hero is not remembered.

And the eyes of young soldiers look from photographs of faded ones.

This look is like the highest court for the children who are growing up now.

And the boys can neither lie, nor deceive, nor turn aside from the path

Student withpresentation “Our fellow countrymen, participants in the war.” A message about fellow countrymen, participants in the war.

Teacher:

Is continuity preserved between generations in our time? (Young men serve in the Russian army). Many of your peers dream of joining the army; they choose the most courageous profession - to defend the Motherland! Among them are your classmates. Now they will tell us why they chose the military profession. (Alumni Stories)

Teacher:

War...The Great Patriotic War...We have no right to forget about the price at which peace was won... “War is not fireworks at all, but simply hard work,” wrote front-line poet M. Kulchitsky. And this difficult work was performed not only by men, but also by women, girls, and yesterday’s schoolgirls. This is also the truth about war, the bitter truth...

Students' report about women in the army during the Great Patriotic War, about what their military professions were. (Research work).

Teacher:

It was to them, fragile and strong, sweet, brave, selflessly loving the Motherland, that front-line soldier Boris Vasiliev dedicated the work “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet...”. This is one of the best and truest, sincere works about a woman in war.

The music of Frederic François Chopin “The Garden of Eden” (Tenderness) sounds

Speech by students about the work of B. Vasiliev, about the problem he addresses in the story “And the dawns here are quiet...”... (Slides depicting a portrait of the writer, girls - the heroines of the work)

Teacher:

Where does the story take place?

Students give a summary of the work.

Teacher:

Let's introduce each girl. Let's try to understand the origins of their heroism. (5 girls and Vaskov come to the board, all in military uniform). On the screen there are slides with pictures of girls.

Zhenya Komelkova, Rita Osyanina, Lisa Brichkina, Galina Chetvertak, Sonya Gurvich.(Students’ story about the fate of the girls).

Students draw a conclusion about the origins of girls' heroism.

Teacher:

What feelings does Fedot Vaskov experience after the death of all the girls? (Students' reasoning).

In his poem “I know, it’s not my fault...” Alexander Tvardovsky writes about this bitter feeling like this:

(Expressive reading of a poem to students)

I know it's not my fault

The fact that others did not come from the war,

The fact that they - some older, some younger -

We stayed there, and it’s not about the same thing,

That I could, but failed to save them, -

That's not what this is about, but still, still, still...

Teacher:

The poem by poetess Yulia Drunina “Zinka” echoes B. Vasiliev’s story. It also explores the theme of women in war. The same pain, the same tragedy...What war brings!

A student with a message about the poetess, about the poem “Zinka.”

Presentation.

Slide with a picture of Yulia Drunina. Photo of a nurse carrying a wounded soldier from the battlefield.

Teacher:

Let’s listen to Yu. Drunina’s poem “Zinka” and compare it with B. Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet.”

The poem “Zinka” (Yu. Drunina) is read. Reading in faces.

We lay down near a broken fir tree.

We are waiting for it to start getting brighter

It's warmer for two under an overcoat

On chilled, rotten ground

You know, Yulka, I am against sadness,

But today it doesn't count.

At home, in the apple tree outback,

Mom, my mother lives.

You have friends, darling,

I only have one.

The house smells of sauerkraut and smoke,

Spring is bubbling beyond the threshold.

It seems old: every bush

A restless daughter is waiting...

You know, Yulka, I am against sadness,

But today it doesn't count.

We barely warmed up.

Suddenly an unexpected order: “Forward!”

Again next to me in a damp overcoat

The blonde soldier is walking

Every day it became worse.

They walked without rallies or banners.

Surrounded near Orsha

Our battered battalion

Zinka led us on the attack,

We made our way through the black rye,

Along funnels, along gullies,

Through mortal boundaries.

We didn't expect posthumous fame.

We wanted to live with glory.

…Why in bloody bandages

The blonde soldier lies

Her body with her overcoat

I covered it, clenching my teeth

The Belarusian winds sang

About Ryazan wilderness gardens

You know, Zinka, I am against sadness,

But today it doesn't count.

Somewhere, in the apple tree outback,

Mom, momyours lives.

I have friends, my love,

She had you alone.

The house smells like bread and smoke,

Spring is just around the corner.

And an old lady in a flowery dress

She lit a candle at the icon.

I don't know how to write to her

So that she doesn't wait for you.

Teacher:

What unites B. Vasiliev’s story and Yulia Drunina’s poem?

In the name of what did the girls die?

The music of Frederic François Chopin “The Garden of Eden” (Tenderness) is playing.

Expressive recitation by heart poems by R. Verzakova

“War does not have a woman’s face”

At least a woman's name is included in it.

War contradicts the essence of a woman,

God did not give her love for murder.

A woman has her power over the world -

Longing for love, fiery passion.

And women’s destiny is to keep the hearth.

Extending life is a step into infinity.

Wait for the man to go home; endure need.

Use gentle hands to prevent trouble.

And keep your beloved porch clean,

Raise children in the traditions of their fathers.

No! War does not have a woman's face.

Teacher: Among our veterans of the Great Patriotic War there are also women. As young girls, they went to the front and fought in the same ranks with men for their Motherland. It is impossible not to remember them.

A student with a presentation “Our fellow countrywomen, participants in the war.”

Teacher:

Literary and real heroes... There is such a fine line between them!

The lives of literary heroes reflected the fates of real people.

The Great Patriotic War touched every family with its fiery wing. You remember your grandfathers and great-grandfathers from photographs that are carefully stored in family albums, from the stories of relatives... You remember them, sacredly keep them in your heart, you will pass on the memory of them to future generations. You could write a book about each of them. And you dedicate your poems to your dear people. You will tell us about them today.(Students reading poems of their own composition)

Reflection.

Teacher: Guys, our conversation about works about war, about a person at war is coming to an end. What did you learn from today's lesson? What did you teach? What did it make you think about? Have the goals set at the beginning of the lesson been achieved?

We need to make a decision.

(Remember the feat of our people, preserve peace on Earth...)

Homework.

A mandatory task for everyone. Using the lesson material, write an essay-argument in Unified State Exam format based on the text about the war by Vladimir Bogomolov, “The Flight of the Swallows.”

Assignments of varying difficulty levels to choose from: a creative task (write a poem on the topic of the lesson) or make a test based on the works you read.

(Based on works of Russian literature of the 20th century)

Vivid and lively pages about the war were created by K. Simonov, B. Polevoy, Yu. Bondarev, V. Grossman and many other writers.

But among them there are authors who described not so much the war itself, but analyzed human behavior during it, penetrating deeply into the mechanism of his actions. They wanted to understand why the most ordinary person, finding himself in extreme conditions, can despise danger and step into immortality. What motivated the actions of such people? I want to think about this

Analyzing Fyodor Tendryakov’s story “The Day That Displaced Life...”. I liked it because the war is shown without embellishment, truthfully.

“The day that supplanted life...” is yesterday’s schoolchild’s first day in the war.

Only one day is described, but it replaced the entire previous life, where school, exams, a fire by the river and many happy days remained. That's why the story is called that.

Ahead lies the unknown, perhaps death. The hero Tenkov has seen films about the war, but his impressions of it do not coincide with what he sees. There are burnt tanks around, craters from mines and shells, the ground disfigured by tank tracks

And killed German soldiers.

But these soldiers do not evoke hatred and malice, but only “embarrassing pity”; “I stood over the enemy and felt only disgust... But disgust is not in the soul, my bodily insides are disgusted, and an uninvited, embarrassing pity seeps into the soul.” Sergeant Tenkov remembers his father killed in the war, but even after that hatred does not boil in him.

I would like to believe that this pity will remain in the hero, although the war will change him too. It changes everything: people, their destinies, characters, lives. Nobody knows how a person will behave in an extreme situation. This is clearly seen in the images of Sashka Glukharev and Ninkin.

Sashka, who seemed brave and courageous, turned out to be a coward, and Ninkin, who was inconspicuous and inconspicuous in life, fulfilled his duty and died as a hero. But the price of his life is not a hundred Germans, but just a bayonet shovel.

This first death was remembered for a long time by the main character of the story. He remembers her even after the war, although over the years he has seen many deaths, even more heroic than this. Feat is self-sacrifice. But a person does not always realize that he is doing a great deed - he simply cannot do otherwise, this action seems natural to him and the only right one.

Anyone can accomplish a feat, but not everyone finds the strength to overcome fear, just as Glukharev could not. War changes the psyche and moral principles of people. At some point in the battle, the previous values suddenly become insignificant. At this moment of turning point, a person is capable of anything. His life fades into the background, and in its place something greater arises - the fate of the others. That's when the feat is accomplished. This is exactly what happens to Ninkin.

Tendryakov was able to show how war affects people differently; this is precisely the main pathos of his story. It affects a person’s attitude towards life because it is unnatural for him, invades his destiny and breaks it.

“War is an event contrary to human reason and all human nature.” These words belong to Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Written about another war - 1812. And although it was also liberating and fair for the Russian people, the weapons in it were less terrible. But she is just as inhuman and cruel.

The feat of man is the focus of attention of another writer who passed through the front roads - Konstantin Vorobyov. The main idea of his story “Killed near Moscow” is insight from spiritual blindness, overcoming the fear of death.

The writer stops every now and then to fix our attention on a consonant, dashing step, almost as if in a parade of a marching company, then he snatches one or two cheerful faces from the faceless multitude, and lets us hear someone’s ringing boyish voice. And immediately the company itself - an abstract army unit - becomes for us a living organism, a full-fledged and full-blooded character in the story. The gaze then stops at the main character - Alexei Yastrebov, who carries within himself “some kind of irrepressible, hidden happiness: joy for this fragile morning, for the fact that he did not find the captain and that he still had to walk and walk on the clean crust.”

This feeling of joy overwhelming the characters further enhances the contrast that is revealed already in the first pages, and more sharply denotes the two poles - life overflowing and inevitable - in just a few days - death. After all, we know what awaits them there, ahead, where they are going so happily now. We know right away, by one name, which already begins with the word, eerie in its inevitability, certainty - “killed.” The contrast becomes even sharper, and the sense of impending tragedy reaches tangible density when we are faced with the discouraging naivety of the cadets. They, it turns out, are, in essence, still boys who put on military uniforms and were thrown to the front by the inexorable law of wartime...

The German tanks crushed the company, which fought bravely, although it could do nothing against them with its bottles and self-loading rifles. But the tanks were detained, albeit at a terrible cost.

The first battle, which Alexey Yastrebov dreamed of as a victory accompanied by shouts of “Hurray!”, proceeds completely differently. The platoon does not shout "Hurray!" .

By the end of the story, the boy lieutenant becomes a man. It is he who knocks out a tank and goes into the forest with a captured machine gun, only to come across those scattered surrounded by his own.

“He almost physically felt,” writes K. Vorobyov about Alexei Yastrebov, “how the shadow of fear of his own death melted in him. Now she stood before him like a distant and indifferent beggar relative, but next to her and closer to him stood his childhood...” After what he experienced in the night battle, after the death of Captain Ryumin, who died in his arms, after everything that happened to his company, he almost doesn’t care - and he rises towards the tank. The scene was written by Konstantin Vorobyov with heartbreaking clarity and tension.

Yes, the Russian people accomplished a feat. They died, but did not give up. The consciousness of his duty to the Motherland drowned out the feeling of fear, pain, and thoughts of death. This means that this action is not an unconscious act - a feat, but a conviction in the rightness and greatness of the cause for which a person consciously gives his life. The warriors understood that they shed their blood, gave their lives in the name of the triumph of justice and for the sake of life on earth. Our soldiers knew that it was necessary to defeat this evil, this cruelty, this ferocious gang of murderers and rapists, otherwise they would enslave the whole world.

K. Vorobyov's prose is precise, cruel, both in detail and in general. He doesn't want to hide anything or miss anything. The main advantage of his works is that the romantic veil has been torn away from the war. K. Vorobyov knew: if you were to write, then only the truth. Untruth turns into lies, into desecration of the memory of the dead...

On May 9, former German soldiers who fought at Stalingrad laid wreaths on Mamayev Kurgan to the fallen Russian soldiers as a sign of reconciliation and repentance. This gives hope that the world will change and there will be no place for war in it, and the memory of the feat will remain, because it is not for nothing that thousands of people did not spare themselves and gave their lives for a just cause. Therefore, with great attention you read the lines from the letter of Maselbek, the hero of Ch. Aitmatov’s story “Mother’s Field”: “We did not ask for the war, and we did not start it, this is a huge misfortune for all of us, all people. And we must shed our blood, give our lives to destroy this monster. If we do not do this, then we will not be worthy of the name of Man. In an hour I'm going to carry out the task of the Motherland. It is unlikely that I will return alive. I am going there to save the lives of many of my comrades during the offensive. I go for the sake of the people, for the sake of victory, for the sake of everything beautiful that is in Man.”

Works about war reveal to us not only its cruel mercilessness, but also the power of heroism, courage, and dedication.

our soldiers. They knew for sure why they died: they defended their Motherland! And this is a feat.