The fate and life story of Sonya Marmeladova. The spiritual feat of Sonya Marmeladova. Love and humility
Female image
Introduction:
It is impossible to imagine world literature without the image of a woman. Even without being the main character of the work, she brings some special character to the story. And at the same time, the woman was always surrounded by mystery, her actions led to confusion and bewilderment. To delve into the psychology of a woman and understand her is the same as solving one of the oldest mysteries of the Universe.
Russian writers have always given women a special place in their works. Everyone, of course, saw her in their own way, but for everyone she was support, hope, and an object of admiration. I.S. Turgenev sang the image of a persistent, honest girl, capable of making any sacrifice for the sake of love; ON THE. Nekrasov admired the image of a peasant woman who “stops a galloping horse and enters a burning hut”; for A.S. Pushkin's main virtue of a woman was her marital fidelity.
Russian literature has always been distinguished by the depth of its ideological content, its tireless desire to resolve questions of the meaning of life, its humane attitude towards people, and the truthfulness of its depiction.
Sometimes the ideal for the author is only some features of the female image; the entire image as a whole may not be ideal, but the presence of ideal features makes the image close to the ideal and at the same time “alive.” Often, through the ideal of a woman in a novel, a person is “purified” and “born again,” as, for example, in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".
In “Crime and Punishment” we have a whole gallery of Russian women: Sonya Marmeladova, Rodion’s mother Pulcheria Alexandrovna, sister Dunya, Katerina Ivanovna and Alena Ivanovna killed by life, Lizaveta Ivanovna killed with an ax. Marfa Petrovna. Nastasya.
Alena Ivanovna
On the first pages we meet the moneylender Alena Ivanovna. In essence, Alena Ivanovna does not deceive anyone, because she names the price of the mortgage before the deal is concluded. The old woman earns her living as best she can, which does her credit, unlike Rodion Romanovich, who admitted in a conversation with another heroine: “My mother would send to contribute what is needed, but for boots, a dress and bread I would and I probably earned it myself! The lessons were offered for fifty dollars. But Razumikhin worked! This is who deserves censure: a person who does not want to work, is ready to continue living on the money of his poor mother and justifies himself with some kind of philosophical ideas. We must not forget that Napoleon with his own hands paved the way for himself from the bottom to the top, and it is this, and not the murders he committed, that makes him a great man. This image is a symbol of a worthless and even harmful life. Alena Ivanovna profits from the grief of other people. She takes interest on valuables. Taking advantage of the fact that her clients are often in a hopeless situation, the old woman charges huge percentages and essentially robs people. Her image should be disgusting and partly justify the murder of Raskolnikov. But, according to Dostoevsky, this old woman is also a person. Therefore, violence against her, like against any other person, is a crime of the moral law.
Lizaveta Ivanovna
To discredit the hero, the murder of the moneylender would be enough, but Fyodor Mikhailovich introduces another character and makes him the second victim of the young student. This is Alena Ivanovna’s sister, Lizaveta. Lizaveta does not refuse her “kindness” to the students. This is rather weak-willedness rather than kindness; the younger sister does not feel reality, she does not observe it from the side. She doesn’t live in general, she is a plant, not a person.
Nastasya
Perhaps only the simple and hard-working Nastasya looks at Raskolnikov soberly, namely “with disgust.” Accustomed to conscientious work, she cannot understand the owner lying idly on the sofa, complaining about poverty and not wanting to try to earn money, giving himself up to idle thoughts instead of teaching his students. “She came in again at two o’clock, with soup. It lay there as before. The tea stood untouched. Nastasya was even offended and began to push him angrily.”
Pulcheria Alexandrovna
The author introduces us to Pulcheria Raskolnikova, the mother of the protagonist. The mother is ready to do anything for her son, even to marry her daughter to a man who “seems to be kind,” but who “can be very useful to Rode even in everything, and we have already assumed that you, even from this very day, could definitely begin your future career and consider your fate already clearly determined. Oh, if only this would come true! It is the last phrase of Pulcheria Raskolnikova that is most important. The mother dreams not about the happiness of her daughter, who is walking down the aisle without love and has already suffered, but about how, with the help of the groom, she can find a better home for her idle son. Spoiled children then have a very difficult time in life, as further developments in the novel prove.
Marfa Petrovna
The reader knows Marfa Petrovna only from the stories of other characters in the work who are familiar with the Svidrigailov family. There is nothing remarkable about her, she is simply the unloved wife of her husband, who caught him in treason, and received a spouse only thanks to her fortune. At the end of the book we encounter the following phrase addressed to the future suicide: “Not your revolver, but Marfa Petrovna’s, whom you killed, villain! You had nothing of your own in her house.” It seems that this woman appeared among the characters in order to, with her help, incriminate the cruel gambler in life.
Katerina Ivanovna
Katerina Ivanovna is a rebel who passionately intervenes in an unjust and hostile environment. She is an immensely proud person, in a fit of offended feeling she goes against common sense, putting not only her own life on the altar of passion, but, what is even worse, the well-being of her children.
“And Katerina Ivanovna was, moreover, not one of the downtrodden, she could be completely killed by circumstances, but it was impossible to kill her morally, that is, to intimidate and subjugate her will.” It was this desire to feel like a full-fledged person that forced Katerina Ivanovna to organize a luxurious wake. Dostoevsky constantly emphasizes this desire with the words “she looked at her guests with pride and dignity,” “she did not deign to answer,” “she noticed loudly across the table.” Next to the feeling of self-respect, another great feeling lives in Katerina Ivanovna’s soul - kindness. She is looking for justice.
This woman shows physical and spiritual degradation. She is incapable of either serious rebellion or humility. Her pride is so exorbitant that humility is simply impossible for her. Katerina Ivanovna “revolts,” but her “rebellion” turns into hysteria. This is a tragedy turning into a rough square action. She attacks those around her for no reason, and runs into trouble and humiliation herself (every now and then she insults her landlady, goes to the general to “seek justice,” from where she is also kicked out in disgrace).
Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladova
Sonya Marmeladova, the main female character of the novel, is the bearer of Christian ideas that clash with Raskolnikov’s inhuman theory. It is thanks to her that the main character gradually understands how much he was mistaken, what a monstrous act he committed, killing a seemingly senseless old woman who was living out her days; It is Sonya who helps Raskolnikov return to people, to God. The girl's love resurrects his soul, tormented by doubts.
The image of Sonya is one of the most important in the novel; in it Dostoevsky embodied his idea of a “man of God”. Sonya lives according to Christian commandments. Placed in the same difficult conditions of existence as Raskolnikov, she retained a living soul and that necessary connection with the world, which was broken by the main character, who committed the most terrible sin - murder. Sonechka refuses to judge anyone and accepts the world as it is. Her credo: “And who made me the judge here: who should live and who should not live?”
The image of Sonya has two interpretations: traditional and new, given by V.Ya. Kirpotin. According to the first, the heroine embodies Christian ideas, according to the second, she is the bearer of folk morality.
Sonya embodies the folk character in its undeveloped childhood stage, and the path of suffering forces her to evolve according to the traditional religious scheme towards the holy fool; it is not for nothing that she is so often compared with Lizaveta. Dostoevsky, on behalf of Sonechka, preaches the ideas of kindness and compassion, which constitute the unshakable foundations of human existence.
Sonya, a child at heart, has already learned the fear of life, of tomorrow. She, like Lizaveta, does everything that is asked of her, without understanding why it is, what will come of it. Like a robot, Sonya does what the Bible commands.
All this is masterfully conveyed by F.M. Dostoevsky through the portrait description of the heroine, which is given twice in the novel: through the perception of the author himself and through the perception of Rodion Raskolnikov. The writer also chose her name, it is believed, not by chance. The Russian church name is Sophia. Sophia came to us historically from the Greek language and means “wisdom”, “reasonableness”, “science”. It must be said that several of Dostoevsky’s heroines bear the name Sophia - “meek” women who humbly bear the cross that befell them, but believe in the final victory of good. If “Sophia” generally means wisdom, then in Dostoevsky the wisdom of his Sophia is humility.
Dostoevsky consistently proves to us that a person who does not believe in God, who has departed from him, will not be able to live. The writer told us about this through the mouth of Sonya. Dostoevsky, on behalf of the eternal Sonechka, preaches the ideas of kindness and compassion, which constitute the unshakable foundations of human existence.
Avdotya Romanovna
Dunya knows the value of many actions in life, she is smarter, stronger and, most importantly, unlike Sofya Semyonovna, in addition to her nobility, she is able to see the dignity of others. If my brother had not accepted salvation from her at such a price, he would have sooner committed suicide.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, as a great master psychologist, described people, their thoughts and experiences in a “vortex” flow; his characters are constantly in dynamic development. He chose the most tragic, most significant moments. Hence the universal, universal problem of love, which his heroes are trying to solve. Dunya’s sacrifice is painful for him, her love for her brother is another step towards a refutation, towards the collapse of his theory.
The author believes that love is self-sacrifice, embodied in the image of Sonya, Dunya, mother - after all, it is important for the author to show not only the love of a woman and a man, but also the love of a mother for her son, brother for sister (sister for brother).
Dunya agrees to marry Luzhin for the sake of her brother, and the mother understands perfectly well that she is sacrificing her daughter for the sake of her first-born. Dunya hesitated for a long time before making a decision, but, in the end, she finally decided: “... before making up her mind, Dunya did not sleep all night, and, believing that I was already asleep, she got out of bed and spent the whole night walked back and forth around the room, finally knelt down and prayed long and fervently in front of the image, and the next morning she announced to me that she had made up her mind.” Dunya Raskolnikova is going to marry a complete stranger to her only because she does not want to allow her mother and brother to descend into a miserable existence in order to improve the financial condition of her family. She also sells herself, but, unlike Sonya, she still has the opportunity to choose the “buyer”.
The author of the novel "Crime and Punishment" introduces us to many human destinies faced with the most difficult conditions of existence. As a result, some of them found themselves at the very bottom of society, unable to withstand what befell them.
Minor characters
The image of the girl here contains the image of all those who are purer, more innocent, brighter than all others in this world and therefore weaker, and therefore he is mocked, tortured and destroyed by all those who have no moral principles at all.
Therefore, the image of a child is also the image of a defenseless person with his ideals and moral aspirations; an individual who is weak before the influence of a ruthless imperfect world and a cruel, ugly society, where moral values are trampled upon, and at the head are such “businessmen” as Luzhin, who are only interested in money, profit and career.
But the story of the deaf-mute niece of a small pawnbroker, Svidrigailov’s friend, the German Resslich, reveals even more the depth of depravity in which Svidrigailov’s soul is mired.
There was a rumor in St. Petersburg that the girl committed suicide because she was severely insulted by Svidrigailov.
The children of Katerina Ivanovna played their own specific role in the fate of each of the main characters in the work. In the fate of Sonya, Marmeladov and Katerina Ivanovna.
Sonya Marmeladova is one of the main characters in the masterpiece of Russian classics, the novel by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky called “Crime and Punishment”.
The girl lives on a “yellow ticket”; she is forced to sell her body to help her family. Her father, Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov, previously held a decent position, but now he has reached the brink of poverty and started drinking. The stepmother, Ekaterina Ivanovna, suffers from consumption and oppresses Sonechka in every possible way. In order to somehow provide for her parents and their younger children, Sonya decides to do something base in her understanding: she becomes a public woman. Her family is starving, so Marmeladova oversteps herself and violates her moral principles.
The girl is eighteen years old, she has a feminine, slender figure, has blond hair, a small nose, chin and clear blue eyes. Sonya is short and has a pretty, pretty face.
The people around the girl understand her difficult situation and do not blame Sonya. To some extent, her actions are noble and deserve respect, because Marmeladova does not spend the money she earns on herself, but gives it to her loved ones and helps other people for free.
Despite her occupation, Marmeladova is a very kind, sincere and naive person. She is often unfairly offended, but she is a very soft person and is not able to fight back, because she has a very timid character. Sonechka is very religious, and she also considers human life to be the highest value. The girl is capable of self-sacrifice, because she is forced to endure terrible shame for the well-being of her loved ones. She tries to appear at home as little as possible, because she is ashamed of her way of earning money. Sonya comes only to give money to her father or stepmother.
She did not agree with Rodion Raskolnikov’s theory that people should be divided into “trembling creatures” and “those who have the right.” Sonya believes that everyone is equal, no one has the right to judge anyone or take someone else’s life. The girl sincerely believes in God, so she thinks that only he can evaluate human actions.
In the image of Sonya Marmeladova, Dostoevsky embodies his understanding of the ideas of humanism, human compassion and nobility. In her person, the author created the antipode of the main character, Rodion Raskolnikov. Sonya evokes sympathy and understanding among readers, and also, using her example, Dostoevsky shows truly valuable human qualities.
Essay about Sonya Marmeladova
Among all the characters in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment,” Sonya Marmeladova is one of the key characters. This heroine makes the reader think about the most necessary qualities for a person: mercy, self-sacrifice, sincere faith in God.
Sonya Marmeladova is a young girl of eighteen years old, slender, with blond hair. Her father is a former official who became a godless drunk after being fired. His constant drunkenness led him to the point that he took all the valuables and clothes of his wife, stepmother Sonya, out of the house to pay his debts. In order to prevent Sonya and her family from being kicked out of the room they rented, she sacrifices her innocence and, as a true believer in God, commits a grave sin. Despite the fact that such an act greatly undermined the heroine’s spirit, she does not blame her father or stepmother, Katerina Ivanovna, for this, who literally forced her to go with a yellow ticket. Instead, she finds the strength to accept her fate. She understands the importance of the act, because it was not done for her, but so that the family would not starve in poverty. This act does not pass without a trace for Sonya Marmeladova. She feels inferior to other women and cannot even sit down in the company of Rodion Raskolnikov’s sister. In this novel, the reader sees Sonya as a true believer and preacher of Christianity. The basis of her actions is nothing but love for her neighbors and relatives: she gives her father money for drinks because of her love for him, her love helped Raskolnikov cleanse his soul in their joint hard labor.
Sonya Marmeladova in this novel acts as a contrast to the image of Radion Raskolnikov, his theory. For the heroine, all people are equal, and no one has the right to take the life of another. She went with Rodion to hard labor, where she hoped not only to help him atone for his sins, but also to atone for her own. Thanks to the heroine’s love for everything around her, the convicts fell in love with Sonya, and Raskolnikov found the strength to repent of his sins and began a new life from scratch.
Through the image of Sonya Marmeladova, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky shows readers his thoughts and beliefs related to justice and love for people.
Option 3
This gentle and very fragile girl evokes deep sympathy in the reader, her difficult fate makes the heart clench. A very young girl, Sonechka, was forced to become a slave of circumstances, sent by her own family to the panel, she humbly accepts her fate. This petite girl with deep and clear gases is too timid and God-fearing. But her devotion to her family is so strong that she steps over herself and her beliefs in order to help the family cope with financial difficulties.
Despite the fact that the main character is not exactly Sonya Marmeladova, the novel clearly shows the tender attitude of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky towards this character tormented by fate. He keeps returning to this very young and so vulnerable person who is forced to bear her cross.
Sonya does not expect gratitude and applause in return for her decision, her devotion to her father knows no bounds, Marmeladov, in turn, also loves his daughter very much, but a painful craving for alcohol has made him a weak-willed slave. He wanders aimlessly through the streets and taverns, clouding his consciousness over and over again, squeezing in this way a feeling of guilt for his own helplessness.
The fragile Sonechka, in turn, is very ashamed to visit her father’s house, despite the fact that she did not commit this sin, only for the sake of her family, she comes only to give money to her stepmother, which she gets through unbearable mental torment.
One gets the impression that Sonya is completely incapable of thinking about herself; all her actions are aimed at caring for her neighbors. She believes that there are no people better than her and no worse, because before God everyone is equal, all his children.
The only thing that confuses this puny girl with a childish face is that Raskolnikov, after his confession, tried to hide his guilt. But, according to Marmeladova, there is no crime more terrible, she does not condemn the young man, but still considers it terrible to try to circumvent punishment.
After Rodion confessed to his actions and answered before the law. Sonya was the only one who did not turn away from him and continued to visit Raskolnikov in places not so remote. Despite the fact that Rodion did not greet the girl very warmly in the first couple of days, she continued to visit the young man. Which once again proves that there is no limit to her mercy.
There is something connecting between the young people, they both crossed the line, they both jumped off a cliff and nothing can be brought back, but still there is a significant difference, Rodion neglected someone else’s life, and Sonya sacrificed her own. Both undoubtedly had good goals, but there is still a line of what is permissible.
Essay 4
Sonya Marmeladova is the main female character in Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment.
The reader first learns about Sonya from the story of her father, Semyon Marmeladov, about his life to Rodion Raskolnikov: “my only begotten daughter.” The head of the Marmeladov family talks about Sonya’s feat: for the well-being of the family, an eighteen-year-old girl goes to the panel, because she has no other way to earn money. This is considered a feat, because Sonya overcomes the fear of humiliation, morality, she does not think about herself, but cares about her loved ones.
This act will affect Sonya’s future life, because now she is the owner of a “yellow ticket”, a document that replaces a passport and gives the right to work as a “night butterfly”. It was difficult to get my passport back, and with a yellow ticket you could only engage in prostitution, which means Sonya Marmeladova could not get any work.
Knowing what Sonya was doing, those around her bullied her and disdained to be in the same room with her (example: Amalia Fedorovna, who kicked Sonya out of the room rented out to the Marmeladovs).
The girl's full name, Sofia, comes from Greece. In Greek it means "wisdom." Indeed, Sonya Marmeladova is a wise girl. Any of her actions is justified. This is sometimes not noticeable under the naivety and some curiosity inherent in Sonya due to her age.
Sonya's appearance makes it clear to the reader that the girl's soul is filled with light, despite all the circumstances of her life. Sonya Marmeladova has a “meek voice,” “a pale, thin face.” She is “fair-haired,” “short, blonde, with wonderful blue eyes.” The girl has a “shameful look” and doesn’t give a damn about moral values and ideals.
We see this in the scene with Raskolnikov’s confession. She, sympathizing with him, is still convinced that everyone has the right to live, no matter what he has done and who he is. Crime is an unaffordable luxury for anyone who tries to achieve happiness for themselves or others in this way. Sonya is an understanding, loving, devoted girl - she goes to Siberia after Rodion. Sonya was ready to wait for her lover's return. She is the moral ideal of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, a heroine who expresses the author’s opinion.
We sympathize with Sonya and at the same time understand that she is on the right path and moving forward along the right path. She also instructs the main character of the novel, Rodion Raskolnikov, on this path.
Option 5
One of the masterpieces of Russian literature is the work of F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. And one of the most striking characters is Sonya Marmeladova. The author presents the reader with the image of an eighteen-year-old girl, with beautiful posture and snow-white hair. Her delicate and feminine nature is subject to strong life experiences due to the tragic fate of the heroine.
Sonya lives in a family in which her father does not work and abuses alcohol, she does not have a mother, she only has a stepmother. This woman is sick, there are many children in the family, the children have nothing to eat. Therefore, Sonya decides to work as a corrupt woman in order to earn at least some money for her family.
This decision was forced, it completely contradicts the character and worldview of the heroine; she made this sacrifice for the sake of her family. Therefore, she is very worried about her work, she is never at home, brings money to her father and goes back to work.
But this low occupation did not break Sonya, she believes in people, in God and helps Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov divides people into two classes, some, in his opinion, should rule the world, and others are simply trembling creatures who do not need to be respected.
Sonya does not share this opinion; she tells Rodion that all people are equal before God and only the Lord God can judge people. All people are equal before God and society, which is why she is ready to atone for her guilt and set Raskolnikov on the true path.
The author, using the example of the main character of the novel “Crime and Punishment,” shows readers what good traits of human character are. It is Sonya Marmeladova, who has such an anti-moral profession, who has high spiritual qualities.
Throughout the entire novel, she tells Raskolnikov about the meaning of life and how to atone for one’s guilt, before people and before God. It is thanks to Sonya and her love for him that Raskolnikov endures many years of hard labor and sincerely repents of his actions.
This repentance gives relief to his soul, he can move on and love Sonya. Thanks to Sonya's constant support, Raskolnikov began a new life. He repented of his crime and completely changed his attitude towards life and people.
Sonya Marmeladova is exactly the hero of the work who can help not only herself, but also everyone around her to gain a path to salvation through faith in God and all-consuming love for people. She communicated with Raskolnikov so sincerely that he was able to become a little kinder and easier to look at life.
Sonya herself suffered from mental anguish, because she could not forgive herself for having to work in a brothel. But thanks to her faith in God and strong spirit, Sonya endured all these torments and took the true path. And she helped not only herself, but also Raskolnikov, to become better than he really is.
Sonechka Marmeladova
Dostoevsky's works always had much more in them than just an interesting plot and colorful characters. In his works, the author often touched upon social themes and ideas, thereby reflecting on them in his works together with the reader. He showed simple everyday problems in beautiful literary language, metaphors, and aphorisms, which also played an important role in the development of both his career and all literature in general. Throughout his career, he wrote many worthy works, but the most striking example of the above is his landmark work for literature - “Crime and Punishment”.
In his work “Crime and Punishment,” Dostoevsky tells the tragic story of the development of an ordinary person into a robber, murderer, and simply a greedy person. Also in the work we can see many different characters with their own unique, different images. One of these characters is Sonya Marmeladova.
Sonya Marmeladov is a young girl who, due to very unpleasant circumstances, has to work in even more unpleasant places in order to feed herself and her family. The author shows her image as that of a selfless girl who is ready to do anything to help her family. Showing her as a girl who, by the will of fate, is obliged to overcome herself to work in such disgusting places, the author introduces a new thought and theme into the work - the theme of overcoming one’s desires in the name of the common good.
By nature, Sonya is quite modest, and even naive, but this naivety mainly bribes her clients, forcing them to pay their attention to her, and this happens, most likely, out of pity. One way or another, the author created a fairly memorable image in the work, which conveys his thoughts and themes that he would like to transfer into his work, so that the reader could reflect with him on this topic, and, of course, come to a possible solution to the problem.
I believe that it is these traits that predominate in the image of Sonya Marmeladova in the work “Crime and Punishment”.
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Sonechka Marmeladova is a character in the novel “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. The book was written after hard labor. Therefore, it clearly shows a religious connotation of the author’s beliefs. He seeks the truth, exposes the injustice of the world, dreams of the happiness of humanity, but at the same time does not believe that the world can be remade by force. Dostoevsky is convinced that evil cannot be avoided under any social system as long as evil exists in the souls of people. Fyodor Mikhailovich rejected the revolution as a transformer of society; he turned towards religion, trying to solve exclusively the issue of improving the morality of each individual person. It is these ideas that the heroine Sonechka Marmeladova reflects in the novel.
Characteristics of the hero
The two main characters of the novel - Sonya Marmeladova and Rodion Raskolnikov - move through the plot like countercurrents. The ideological part of the work is presented to the reader through their worldview. Through Sonechka, Dostoevsky showed his moral ideal, which brings faith and love, hope and understanding, and warmth. According to the author, this is exactly how all people should be. Through Sonya, Fyodor Mikhailovich says that everyone, regardless of their position in society, has the right to live and be happy. The heroine is convinced that it is impossible to achieve happiness, both one’s own and that of others, through criminal means, and sin in any case remains a sin, in the name of whom or whatever it was committed.
If the image of Raskolnikov is rebellion, then Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel “Crime and Punishment” personifies humility. They are two opposite poles that cannot exist one without the other. However, literary scholars are still arguing about the deep meaning of this rebellion and humility.
Inner world
Sonechka Marmeladova deeply believes in God and has high moral qualities. She sees the deepest meaning in life and does not understand her antagonist’s ideas about the meaninglessness of existence, believing that behind every event there is a predestination from God. Sonya is sure that a person cannot influence anything, and his main task is to show humility and love. For her, things like empathy and compassion are both the meaning of life and great strength.
Raskolnikov judges the world only from the position of reason, with rebellious fervor. He does not want to come to terms with injustice. This becomes the cause of his mental anguish and crime. Sonechka Marmeladova in Dostoevsky’s novel also oversteps herself, but not in the same way as Rodion. She does not want to destroy other people and cause them suffering, but sacrifices herself. This reflects the writer’s idea that what should be more important for a person is not selfish personal happiness, but suffering for the benefit of others. This is the only way, in his opinion, to achieve true happiness.
Moral of the storyline
Sonechka Marmeladova, whose characterization and inner world are so carefully worked out in the novel, reflects the author’s idea that everyone should be aware of responsibility not only for their actions, but also for all the evil happening in the world. Sonya feels guilty for the crime Raskolnikov committed, so she takes everything to heart and tries to revive it with her compassion. Sonya shares Rodion's fate after he reveals his secret to her.
In the novel, this happens symbolically: when Sonya reads him the scene of the resurrection of Lazarus from the New Testament, the man correlates the plot with his own life, and then, coming to her the next time, he himself talks about what he did and tries to explain the reasons, after which he asks for her help. Sonya mentors Rodion. She calls on him to go to the square to repent of his crime before the people. The author himself here reflects the idea of bringing the criminal to suffering so that through him he can atone for his guilt.
Moral qualities
Sonya Marmeladova in the novel embodies the best that can be in a person: faith, love, chastity, willingness to sacrifice oneself. She had to engage in prostitution, but, surrounded by vice, she kept her soul pure and continued to believe in people and in the fact that happiness is achieved only at the cost of suffering. Sonya, like Raskolnikov, who transgressed the gospel commandments, nevertheless condemns Rodion for his contempt for people and does not share his rebellious sentiments.
The author tried to reflect through it the whole essence of the people's origin and the Russian soul, to show natural humility and patience, love for one's neighbor and God. The worldviews of the two heroes of the novel are opposed to each other and, constantly colliding, show the contradictions in Dostoevsky’s soul.
Faith
Sonya believes in God, believes in miracles. Rodion, on the contrary, believes that there is no Almighty and miracles also do not happen. He tries to reveal to the girl how ridiculous and illusory her ideas are, proves that her suffering is useless and her sacrifices are ineffective. Raskolnikov judges her from his point of view, says that it is not her profession that makes her sinful, but her vain sacrifices and exploits. However, Sonya's worldview is unshakable, even when driven into a corner, she tries to do something in the face of death. The girl, even after all the humiliation and suffering, did not lose faith in people, in the kindness of their souls. She doesn't need examples, she just believes that everyone deserves a fair share.
Sonya is not embarrassed by either physical deformities or deformities of fate, she is capable of compassion, can penetrate into the essence of the human soul and does not want to judge, because she feels that any evil is committed by a person for some unknown, internal and incomprehensible reason to others.
Inner strength
Many of the author’s thoughts are reflected by Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel “Crime and Punishment.” Its characterization is supplemented by questions about suicide. The girl, forced to go to the panel so that her family would stop starving, at some point thought about committing suicide and with one jerk getting rid of the shame, getting out of the fetid pit.
She was stopped by the thought of what would happen to her loved ones, even if not exactly relatives. In order to refrain from suicide in such a life situation, much more inner strength is required. But the religious Sonya was not held back by the thought of mortal sin. She was worried “about them, her own.” And although debauchery was worse than death for the girl, she chose it.
Love and humility
Another feature that permeates Sonechka’s character is the ability to love. She responds to the suffering of others. She, like the wives of the Decembrists, follows Raskolnikov to hard labor. In her image, Dostoevsky presented an all-encompassing and all-consuming love that does not require anything in return. This feeling cannot be called fully expressed, because Sonya never says anything like that out loud, and silence makes her even more beautiful. For this, she is respected by her father, a drunken former official, and her stepmother Katerina Ivanovna, who has lost her mind, and even the libertine Svidrigailov. Raskolnikov is saved and healed by her love.
Author's Beliefs
Each hero has his own worldview and faith. Everyone remains true to their beliefs. But Raskolnikov and Sonechka come to the conclusion that God can show the path to everyone, if only they feel his closeness. Dostoevsky, through his characters, talks about the fact that every person who has come to God through the thorny path of moral torment and research will no longer be able to look at the world the same way as before. The process of renewal and rebirth of man will begin.
Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich is a poor and humiliated student, the main character of the novel Crime and Punishment. The author of the work is Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich. To provide a psychological counterbalance to the theory of Rodion Romanovich, the writer created the image of Sonya Marmeladova. Both characters are at a young age. Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova, faced with a difficult life situation, do not know what to do next.
The image of Raskolnikov
At the beginning of the story, the reader notices Raskolnikov’s inappropriate behavior. The hero is nervous all the time, he is constantly anxious, and his behavior seems suspicious. In the course of events, one can understand that Rodion is a man who is obsessed with his idea. All his thoughts are about the fact that people are divided into two types. The first type is the “higher” society, and this is where he also includes his personality. And the second type is “trembling creatures.” He first published this theory in a newspaper article called “On Crime.” From the article it becomes clear that the “higher ones” have the right to ignore moral laws and destroy “trembling creatures” to achieve their personal goals. According to Raskolnikov's description, these poor people need biblical commandments and morals. The new legislators who will govern can be considered “supreme”; Bonaparte is an example for such legislators. But Raskolnikov himself, on the way to the “highest”, commits actions on a completely different level, without even noticing it.
The life story of Sonya Marmeladova
The reader learns about the heroine from the story of her father, which was addressed to Rodion Romanovich. Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov is an alcoholic, lives with his wife (Katerina Ivanovna), and has three small children. His wife and children are starving, Sonya is Marmeladov’s daughter from his first wife, she rents an apartment “after Semyon Zakharovich tells Raskolnikov that her daughter went to such a life because of her stepmother, who reproached her for “drinking, eating and using warmth ", that is, a parasite. This is how the Marmeladov family lives. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova is that she herself is an unrequited girl, does not hold a grudge, “bends every effort” to help her sick stepmother and hungry stepbrothers and sisters, not to mention already about his own father, who is an alcoholic. Semyon Zakharovich shares his memories of how he found and lost his job, how he drank away the uniform that his daughter bought with her earned money, and how he has the conscience to ask his daughter for money “for a hangover.” Sonya gave him the last, never reproaching him for it.
The tragedy of the heroine
Fate is in many ways similar to Rodion’s situation. They play the same role in society. Rodion Romanovich lives in the attic in a squalid little room. How the author sees this room: the cell is small, about 6 steps, and has a poor appearance. A tall person feels uncomfortable in such a room. Raskolnikov is so poor that it is no longer possible, but to the surprise of the reader he feels well, his spirit has not fallen. The same poverty forced Sonya to go out into the streets in order to earn money. The girl is unhappy. Her fate is cruel to her. But the heroine’s moral spirit is not broken. On the contrary, in seemingly inhuman conditions, Sonya Marmeladova finds the only way out worthy of a person. She chooses the path of religion and self-sacrifice. The author shows us the heroine as a person who is capable of empathizing with the pain and suffering of others, while being unhappy. A girl can not only understand another, but also guide him on the right path, forgive, and accept someone else’s suffering. So, we see how the heroine shows pity for Katerina Ivanovna, calls her “fair, child,” and unhappy. Sonya saves her children, then takes pity on her dying father. This, like other scenes, inspires both sympathy and respect for the girl. And it is not at all surprising that Rodion would then share his mental anguish with Sophia.
Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova
Rodion decided to tell his secret to Sophia, but not to Porfiry Petrovich. She, in his opinion, was, like no one else, capable of judging him according to her conscience. Moreover, her opinion will differ significantly from Porfiry’s court. Raskolnikov, despite his crime, longed for human understanding, love, and sensitivity. He wanted to see that “higher light” that could lead him out of darkness and support him. Raskolnikov's hopes for understanding from Sophia were justified. Rodion Romanovich cannot make contact with people. It begins to seem to him that everyone is mocking him and knows that it was he who did it. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova is directly opposite to his vision. The girl stands for humanity, philanthropy, and forgiveness. Having learned about his crime, she does not reject him, but on the contrary, hugs, kisses and says in unconsciousness that “there is no one in the world more merciless now.”
Real life
Despite all this, periodically Rodion Romanovich returns to earth and notices everything that is happening in the real world. On one of these days, he witnesses a drunken official Semyon Marmeladov being run over by a horse. During his last words, the author describes Sofya Semyonovna for the first time. Sonya was short, she was about eighteen. The girl was thin, but pretty, blonde, with attractive blue eyes. Sonya comes to the scene of the accident. on her knees. She sends her younger sister to find out where Raskolnikov lives in order to return him the money he gave for his father's funeral. After a while, Sophia goes to Rodion Romanovich to invite him to the wake. This is how she shows her gratitude to him.
Father's wake
At the event, a scandal arises due to the fact that Sonya is accused of theft. Everything was resolved peacefully, but Katerina Ivanovna and her children were evicted from the apartment. Now everyone is doomed to death. Raskolnikov tries to find out from Sophia, if it were her will, she could kill Luzhin, the man who unfairly slandered her, saying that she was a thief. Sophia gave a philosophical answer to this question. Rodion Romanovich finds something familiar in Sonya, probably the fact that they were both rejected.
He tries to see understanding in her, because his theory is wrong. Now Rodion is ready for self-destruction, and Sonya is “a daughter who was evil and consumptive to her stepmother, who betrayed herself to strangers and minors.” Sofya Semyonovna relies on her moral guideline, which is important and clear for her - this is wisdom, which is described in the Bible as cleansing suffering. Raskolnikov, of course, shared with Marmeladova a story about his action, listening to him, she did not turn away from him. Here the truth of Sonya Marmeladova is in the manifestation of feelings of pity and sympathy for Rodion. The heroine urged him to go and repent of what he had done, based on the parable that she studied in the Bible about the resurrection of Lazarus. Sonya agrees to share the hard everyday life of hard labor with Rodion Romanovich. This is not only how Sonya Marmeladova’s mercy is manifested. She does this in order to cleanse herself, because she believes that she is violating the biblical commandments.
What unites Sophia and Rodion
How can you characterize Marmeladova and Raskolnikov at the same time? For example, the convicts who serve time in the same cell with Rodion Romanovich adore Sonya, who regularly visits him, but treat him with contempt. They want to kill Raskolnikov and constantly make fun of him that it is not the king’s business to “carry an ax in his bosom.” Sofya Semyonovna has had her own ideas about people since childhood and adheres to them throughout her life. She never looks down on people and has respect and regret for them.
Conclusion
I would like to draw a conclusion based on the mutual relations of the main characters in the novel. What was the significance of Sonya Marmeladova’s truth? If Sofya Semyonovna had not appeared on the path of Rodion Romanovich with her life values and ideals, then he would have ended very soon in the painful agony of self-destruction. This is the truth of Sonya Marmeladova. Due to such a plot in the middle of the novel, the author has the opportunity to logically complete the images of the main characters. Two different views and two analyzes of the same situation give the novel credibility. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova is contrasted with the theory of Rodion and his worldview. The famous Russian writer was able to breathe life into the main characters and safely resolve all the worst things that happened in their lives. Such completeness of the novel puts “Crime and Punishment” next to the greatest works that are on the list of world literature. Every schoolchild, every student should read this novel.
Sonya Marmeladova. Characteristics and image essay
Plan
1. F. M. Dostoevsky and his “Crime and Punishment”.
2. Sonya Marmeladova. Characteristics and image
2.1. Difficult youth.
2.2. Love for people.
2.3. Faith in God.
2.4. Meeting Raskolnikov.
3. My attitude towards the heroine.
F. M. Dostoevsky is a talented creator of complex psychological works. His main characters are bright, contradictory personalities with a difficult fate and difficult life circumstances. The writer himself lived a difficult, extraordinary life, suffered hard labor and imprisonment, disappointments and personal tragedies. Having experienced many sufferings and sorrows, Dostoevsky tried in his work to reflect his own thoughts and conclusions that he drew from his experience.
Fyodor Mikhailovich conceived his novel “Crime and Punishment” in exile, and began writing it after several terrible events that brought him incredible pain and suffering - the death of his wife and brother. These were years of loneliness and struggle with oppressive thoughts. Therefore, the lines of his philosophical and psychological novel are imbued with inexpressible realistic melancholy and life’s sadness.
Sonya Marmeladova is the central figure of this work. She appears before readers as a meek and frightened girl, thin and pale, in a cheap, bright outfit. Despite her youth - Sonechka is not even eighteen years old - she has already seen and experienced enough in this life. The heroine suffered the death of her mother and the loss of a calm, prosperous existence.
Her father is a minor official, married a woman with three children. But this was not the tragedy in the girl’s life. The father's weakness and addiction to drinking is what causes suffering to his entire family. Marmeladov repeatedly lost his job due to drunkenness and lost his mind several times. But, possessing cowardice and spinelessness, he slid lower and lower - into the bottomless abyss of poverty, vice and weakness, dragging people close to him with him.
Sonya's stepmother is an unhappy, consumptive woman who can no longer fight her husband and lead a decent lifestyle. Seeing how her children are starving and in what rags they walk, feeling that she is weakening and losing her health, Katerina Ivanovna becomes angry and hunted. Sonechka, looking at the poverty and poverty into which her loved ones are plunging, at the sickness of her stepmother and the abandonment of her young children, decides to sacrifice herself to save others. She goes to the panel.
It is not easy for a girl to do such an act. Coming home from obscene work for the first time, she gives all the money to Katerina Ivanovna and lies down on the bed, turning away from everyone to the wall. Sonya is not heard, but bitterly cries out of her innocence, and her stepmother “stood at her feet on her knees all evening, kissing her feet.” At that time, the father, watching his daughter’s fall, lay dead drunk on the side.
It was hard for Sonechka to live in such conditions, feeling neither compassion, nor support, nor tenderness, nor warmth. But the girl did not become embittered in her suffering, did not become bitter... Whatever she did, she did everything out of love for people, for her family. Sonya never condemned her father for his drunkenness and weakness of will, she never said a bad word about him. Although it was clearly Marmeladov’s fault that his family was poor, and that his daughter was forced to sell herself and feed his children. But Sonechka did not blame either her father or her stepmother for her crippled youth, but meekly and obediently sacrificed herself.
She gave the money she earned to those who, in fact, were strangers to her - her stepmother and half-brothers and sisters. Despite her weakness and vicious lifestyle, the girl still remained pure in soul and innocent in heart, she also deeply forgave and selflessly loved. Realizing her sin, she was embarrassed and ashamed of herself. She could not even sit in the presence of ordinary women, considering herself unworthy and defiled.
At the same time, Sonya Marmeladova appears before us not as a weak, weak-willed heroine, but as persistent, courageous and resilient. She could have killed herself out of hopelessness and despair, as Raskolnikov once told her: “After all, it would be fairer, a thousand times fairer and smarter, to dive straight into the water and end it all at once!” But no, the girl finds the strength to live on. Live on and fight. Fight for the poor, wretched existence of unfortunate children, long-suffering stepmother, pitiful father.
Sonya is supported in such a difficult time not only by her love for her neighbors, but also by her faith in God. In faith she finds peace and tranquility; it is she who gives the girl quiet joy and a clear conscience. Sonechka is not fanatically pious or shown to be pious, no. She loves God, she loves to read the Bible, she finds joy and grace in her faith. “What would I be without God?” - the main character exclaims in bewilderment. She is grateful to the creator for the fact that she is alive, for the fact that she can breathe, walk, love.
Feeling confused and vaguely remorseful, Raskolnikov comes to Sonya and confesses to her the crime. An unusual and surprising conversation takes place between them, which reveals to us new wonderful qualities of Sonechka Marmeladova. Rodion tells her about his terrible theory and confesses to the double murder. How much tenderness, kindness and understanding the poor girl shows towards the suffering young man. She does not judge him, does not push him away, but tries to understand and lend a helping hand. “There is no one more unhappy than you in the whole world,” she sincerely regrets Raskolnikov.
The girl sees his pain, his suffering, she tries to understand the motives and motivations of the terrible act, and does not rush to condemn or criticize. Trying to understand Raskolnikov’s theory, Sonya remains true to herself and her principles. “Is this person a louse?” - she is surprised with fear and tries to prove to her loved one that life, no matter whose life it is, is sacred and inviolable, that no arguments or explanations can justify murder.
The girl encourages Rodin to repent and confess everything to the authorities. It seems to her that in this way he will atone for his terrible sin and find peace. And she, sanctified and inspired by her selfless love, will share his punishment with her dear man: “Together! Together! - she repeated as if in oblivion and hugged him again, “I’ll go to hard labor with you!” Sonya, beautiful in her self-sacrifice, kept her promise. She followed Raskolnikov into exile, steadfastly endured his coldness and callousness, and with her tenderness tried to melt the ice in his soul and restore him to his former cheerfulness and vigor. I really want to hope that she succeeded, and that the girl made the main character happy and found personal happiness herself.
My attitude towards Sonya Marmeladova is full of admiration and surprise. What genuine nobility does this girl possess, who is forced to sell herself, how much sublimity and greatness of soul she has! She feels people very subtly, she firmly believes in goodness and miracles, she is ready to sacrifice herself so that others can feel good. Possessing unfeigned meekness and unfeigned love, having sincere faith in God, Sonechka Marmeladova tries to improve the world as best she can.
Thanks to her efforts and persuasion, the path to repentance opened for Rodion. And this means a lot - she saved the soul of a young man. Using the example of Sonya Marmeladova, I also saw that you cannot judge a person, no matter what his deeds and actions are. Without knowing what prompts him to act one way or another, without knowing his feelings, sorrows and experiences, it is not permissible to blame or condemn, no matter what happens. One must always understand that even the worst deed has mitigating circumstances, and that even the most notorious sinner can be a hostage to circumstances.
