“Three Bears” is a painting glorifying the beauty of Russian nature. Description of the painting “Three Bears” by I. Shishkin

Ivan Shishkin glorified not only his hometown(Elabuga) for the whole country, but also for the entire vast territory of Russia and for the whole world. His most famous painting is “Morning in pine forest" Why is it so famous and why is it considered practically the standard of painting? Let's try to understand this issue.

Shishkin and landscapes

Ivan Shishkin is a famous landscape artist. His unique style of work originates from the Düsseldorf School of Drawing. But, unlike most of his colleagues, the artist passed the basic techniques through himself, which made it possible to create a unique style, not inherent in anyone else.

Shishkin admired nature all his life; she inspired him to create numerous masterpieces of a million colors and shades. The artist always tried to depict the flora as he sees it, without various exaggerations and decorations.

He tried to choose landscapes untouched by human hands. Virgin like the forests of the taiga. combine realism with a poetic view of nature. Ivan Ivanovich saw poetry in the play of light and shadow, in the power of Mother Earth, in the fragility of one Christmas tree standing in the wind.

The versatility of the artist

It's hard to imagine such a thing genius artist the head of the city or the school teacher. But Shishkin combined many talents. Coming from a merchant family, he had to follow in the footsteps of his parent. In addition, Shishkin’s good disposition quickly endeared him to people throughout the city. He was elected to the post of manager and helped develop his native Elabuga as best he could. Naturally, this was also manifested in painting. Shishkin’s pen is “History of the City of Elabuga”.

Ivan Ivanovich managed to draw pictures and participate in fascinating archaeological excavations. He lived abroad for some time, and even became an academician in Düsseldorf.

Shishkin was an active member of the Itinerants Society, where he met other famous Russian artists. He was considered a real authority among other painters. They tried to inherit the master’s style, and the paintings inspired both writers and painters.

He left behind a legacy of numerous landscapes that have become decorations in museums and private collections around the globe.

After Shishkin, few people managed to depict all the diversity of Russian nature so realistically and so beautifully. No matter what happened in the artist’s personal life, he did not allow his troubles to be reflected on the canvases.

Background

The artist treated forest nature with great trepidation; it literally captivated him with its countless colors, variety of shades, and the rays of the sun breaking through the thick pine branches.

Painting "Morning in pine forest"became the embodiment of Shishkin's love for the forest. It quickly gained popularity, and was soon used in pop culture, on stamps, and even on candy wrappers. To this day it is carefully kept in Tretyakov Gallery.

Description: “Morning in a pine forest”

Ivan Shishkin managed to capture one moment from an entire forest life. He conveyed with the help of a drawing the moment of the beginning of the day, when the sun was just beginning to rise. An amazing moment of the birth of a new life. The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” depicts an awakening forest and still sleepy cubs that are getting out of a secluded dwelling.

In this painting, as in many others, the artist wanted to emphasize the immensity of nature. To do this, he cut off the tops of the pine trees at the top of the canvas.

If you look closely, you will notice that the roots of the tree on which the cubs are frolicking have been torn out. Shishkin seemed to emphasize that this forest is so uninhabited and deaf that only animals can live in it, and the trees fall on their own, from old age.

Shishkin indicated the morning in a pine forest with the help of the fog that we see between the trees. Thanks to this artistic move, the time of day becomes obvious.

Co-authorship

Shishkin was an excellent landscape painter, but rarely took on images of animals in his works. The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” was no exception. He created the landscape, but the four cubs were painted by another artist, a specialist in animals, Konstantin Savitsky. They say that it was he who suggested the very idea for this painting. While painting a morning in a pine forest, Shishkin took Savitsky as a co-author, and the painting was initially signed by the two of them. However, after the canvas was transferred to the gallery, Tretyakov considered Shishkin’s work more extensive and erased the name of the second artist.

Story

Shishkin and Savitsky went into nature. This is how the story began. The morning in the pine forest seemed so beautiful to them that it was impossible not to immortalize it on canvas. To search for a prototype, they went to Gordomlya Island, which stands on Lake Seliger. There they found this landscape and new inspiration for the painting.

The island, completely covered with forests, contained the remnants of virgin nature. For many centuries it stood untouched. This could not leave artists indifferent.

Claims

The painting was born in 1889. Although Savitsky initially complained to Tretyakov that he had erased his name, he soon changed his mind and abandoned this masterpiece in favor of Shishkin.

He justified his decision by the fact that the style of the painting fully corresponds to what Ivan Ivanovich did, and even the sketches of the bears originally belonged to him.

Facts and Misconceptions

Like any famous painting, the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” arouses great interest. Consequently, it has a number of interpretations and is mentioned in literature and cinema. This masterpiece is talked about both in high society and on the streets.

Over time, some facts have been changed, and general misconceptions have become firmly entrenched in society:

  • One of the common mistakes is the opinion that Vasnetsov created “Morning in a Pine Forest” together with Shishkin. Viktor Mikhailovich, of course, knew Ivan Ivanovich, since they were members of the Itinerants club together. However, Vasnetsov could not possibly be the author of such a landscape. If you pay attention to his style, he is not at all similar to Shishkin, they belong to different art schools. These names are still mentioned together from time to time. Vasnetsov is not that artist. “Morning in a Pine Forest,” without any doubt, was painted by Shishkin.
  • The title of the painting sounds like “Morning in a Pine Forest.” Boron is simply a second name that people apparently found more appropriate and mysterious.
  • Unofficially, some Russians still call the painting “Three Bears,” which is a grave mistake. There are not three, but four animals in the picture. It is likely that the canvas began to be called that because of the popular Soviet time sweets called “Teddy bear”. The candy wrapper depicted a reproduction of Shishkin’s “Morning in a Pine Forest.” People gave the candy the name “Three Bears”.
  • The picture has its “first version”. Shishkin painted another canvas of the same theme. He called it “Fog in the Pine Forest.” Few people know about this picture. She is rarely remembered. There is no canvas on site Russian Federation. To this day it is kept in private collection in Poland.
  • Initially, there were only two bear cubs in the picture. Later Shishkin decided that the image should include four clubfooted people. Thanks to the addition of two more bears, the genre of the film changed. It began to be located on the “borderland”, as some elements of the game scene appeared on the landscape.

In my distant childhood, the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” was not only known, but passionately loved by October children of both sexes. For the simple reason that it appeared on the wrappers of wonderful wafer sweets with chocolate filling...

At the opening day one day...

And here I am standing in the State Tretyakov Gallery face to face with the masterpiece of the highly respected Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. There is not even a trace of a revelation akin to the one that rolls over, they say, when meeting the original “Mona Lisa.” But this is not important, but bears are a pleasure to look at. Like relatives, mmm, dear, dear, I would eat them! The guide’s words are soothing: “Shishkin was a classical landscape painter. The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” appeared from under his brush in 1889. It is believed that the artist wrote it under the impression of a trip through the Vologda forests. It depicts a morning pine forest..."

" Seriously? - irony awakens in me. – I would never have guessed! I always thought it was the South American pampas!” And then it turns out that I was too quick to mock the literalness of the gallery employee’s speech.

Initially, in the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest,” Shishkin painted precisely a dense forest awakening from a night’s sleep (that’s how the picture is often mistakenly called “Morning in a Pine Forest”), and that’s it – no club-footed animals. And to be precise, our famous landscape painter never painted a family of bears at all! Precisely because he is a landscape painter. Leaves, twigs, centuries-old oaks - please, with photographic authenticity, this is what became famous for centuries. Chanterelles, bunnies and other living creatures - thank you! I can’t, I can’t, I won’t. The maximum is a cow, but it is completely out of place here. To each his own, Ivan Ivanovich rightly reasoned and, having calmed himself down, went on another walk through the forests, which he adored with all his heart...

Gift from a friend

However, the next day the forest landscape no longer seemed as perfect to the artist as the day before. He stood in front of the painting for a long time, meticulously peering at the details. Let's see: the damp morning fog, the first gentle rays of the sun, the mighty trunks of centuries-old pines, the smell of pine needles - and we can almost distinguish it! But... Something is missing. The word is still modern... Ah, speakers! Life, that is. This is what Shishkin said to his comrade in the art group Savitsky, he even complained: it’s a masterpiece, they say, but it’s not that! Konstantin Apollonovich was glad to help his friend as an artist: there were paints, a brush, and then a mother bear with three cubs was born. Unexpected turn? Where is Gioconda with her indistinct smile? This is where the laughter comes in and that’s all: imagine if Dostoevsky came to visit Turgenev and said: “Come on, my dear Vanya, I’ll help you, I see that you’re in creative stagnation!” - and would have written a chapter or two in “Notes of a Hunter” with his own hand. And we, readers, would admire Turgenev’s style, not realizing that Fyodor Mikhailovich’s pen was creaking...

There must only be one left!

However, our heroes, like true friends, honestly put their signatures on the canvas “Morning in a Pine Forest”. Savitsky’s autograph was later erased by the philanthropist, collector and creator of the future famous gallery Pavel Tretyakov. The reason remained a mystery, it seems that the “father” of the bears himself asked to do this out of reverence for Shishkin, the original creator of the picture. And, logically speaking, why would a successful genre artist, “Nekrasov in painting,” who presented at exhibitions such paintings as “Repair work on railway"or "To War", the laurels of an animalist? Or maybe the second signature was removed simply because duets are not accepted in painting... One way or another, the fee for the work was paid only to Shishkin, and then everyone showed themselves by virtue of their natural essence. Speaking artistic language, the picture “How Ivan Ivanovich and Konstantin Apollonovich quarreled” unfolded...

Over the years, the story of creating a masterpiece from a candy wrapper was transformed into a much more decent version: they say, Savitsky simply suggested to Shishkin the idea of ​​​​“throwing” bears on an already dried canvas, and he brilliantly implemented it, it was not for nothing that he studied at the famous animal painting workshop in Munich. So they write in official books on the history of painting. We, ordinary spectators, with childish persistence, confuse ourselves even more, exclaiming: “Why, we know such a picture!” It's called "Three Bears"! I don’t remember the author, but the sweets were just great!”

Probably almost the most famous painting Russian artist-painter is "Morning in a pine forest". This picture is known and loved by many since childhood because of its wrapping no less beloved chocolates"Teddy Bear." Only a few paintings by Russian artists can compete with the popularity of this work of art.

The idea for the painting was once suggested to the painter Shishkin by the artist Konstantin Savitsky, who acted as a co-author and depicted the figures of bears. As a result, Savitsky turned out the animals so well that he signed the painting together with Shishkin. But when Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov acquired the painting, he removed Savitsky’s signature, and the authorship remained only with Shishkin. Tretyakov believed that everything in the picture speaks about the style of painting and creative method, characteristic of Shishkin.

The canvas depicts a dense thicket of a pine forest with a fallen, broken tree on the edge of a ravine. The left side of the picture still retains the twilight of the cold night of the dense forest. Moss covers uprooted tree roots and fallen broken branches. Soft green grass creates a feeling of comfort and tranquility. But the rays rising sun They have already gilded the tops of centuries-old pines and made the morning haze glow. And although the sun is not yet able to completely dispel this night fog, hiding the entire depth of the pine forest from the viewer’s view, the cubs are already playing on the broken trunk of a fallen pine, and the mother bear is guarding them. One of the cubs, having climbed up the trunk closer to the ravine, stood on hind legs and looks curiously into the distance at the light of the haze from the rising sun.

We see not just a monumental canvas about the greatness and beauty of Russian nature. Before us is not only a deep, dense frozen forest with its deep power, but living picture nature. Sunlight breaking through the haze and columns of tall trees makes you feel the depth of the ravine behind the fallen pine tree, the power of the centuries-old trees. The light of the morning sun still looks timidly into this pine forest. But the animals—the frolicking bear cubs and their mother—are already feeling the approach of the sunny morning. The picture is filled with movement and life thanks not only to these four bears loving solitude in the forest, but also to the transitional moment of the awakening early sunny morning after a cold night accurately depicted by the painter. The peaceful smile of the forest spreads: the day will be sunny. It begins to seem to the viewer that the birds have already begun to sing their morning songs. The beginning of a new day promises light and tranquility!

Exposition

The film is popular due to its entertaining plot. However true value The work is a beautifully expressed state of nature, seen by the artist in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Shown not deaf dense forest, A sunlight, making his way through the columns of giants. You can feel the depth of the ravines and the power of centuries-old trees. And the sunlight seems to timidly peek into this dense forest. The frolicking cubs feel the approach of morning. We are observers of wildlife and its inhabitants.

Story

Savitsky suggested the idea for the painting to Shishkin. Savitsky painted the bears in the film itself. These bears, with some differences in poses and numbers (at first there were two of them), appear in preparatory drawings and sketches. Savitsky turned out the bears so well that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin. However, when Tretyakov acquired the painting, he removed Savitsky’s signature, leaving the authorship to Shishkin. After all, in the picture, Tretyakov said, “from the concept to the execution, everything speaks about the manner of painting, about the creative method that is characteristic of Shishkin.”

  • Most Russians call this picture“Three Bears”, despite the fact that there are not three, but four bears in the picture. This is apparently due to the fact that during the Soviet era, grocery stores sold “Bear-toed Bear” candies with a reproduction of this picture on a candy wrapper, which were popularly called “Three Bears.”
  • Another erroneous common name is “Morning in a Pine Forest” (tautology: a forest is a pine forest).

Notes

Literature

  • Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. Correspondence. Diary. Contemporaries about the artist / Comp. I. N. Shuvalova - Leningrad: Art, Leningrad branch, 1978;
  • Alenov M. A., Evangulova O. S., Livshits L. I. Russian art XI - early XX centuries. - M.: Art, 1989;
  • Anisov L. Shishkin. - M.: Young Guard, 1991. - (Series: Life of Remarkable People);
  • State Russian Museum. Leningrad. Painting of the XII - early XX centuries. - M.: art, 1979;
  • Dmitrienko A. F., Kuznetsova E. V., Petrova O. F., Fedorova N. A. 50 short biographies masters of Russian art. - Leningrad, 1971;
  • Lyaskovskaya O. A. Plein air in Russian painting of the 19th century. - M.: Art, 1966.

Wikimedia Foundation.

2010.

Large dictionary of Russian sayings “Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps one of the most famous paintings

Ivan Shishkin. The first thing that attracts and touches the audience looking at the masterpiece is the bears. Without animals, the picture would hardly have turned out so attractive. Meanwhile, few people know that it was not Shishkin, another artist named Savitsky, who painted the animals.

Bear Master Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky is now not as famous as Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin, whose name probably even a child knows. Nevertheless, Savitsky is also one of the most talented Russian painters. At one time he was an academician and member Imperial Academy
arts It is clear that it was on the basis of art that Savitsky met Shishkin. Both of them loved Russian nature and selflessly depicted it on their canvases. But Ivan Ivanovich preferred landscapes in which people or animals, if they appeared, were only in the role minor characters

. Savitsky, on the contrary, actively portrayed both. Apparently, thanks to his friend’s skill, Shishkin became convinced that he was not very successful with the figures of living beings.

At the end of the 1880s, Ivan Shishkin completed another landscape, in which he depicted an unusually picturesque morning in a pine forest. However, according to the artist, the picture lacked some kind of accent, for which he planned to paint 2 bears. Shishkin even made sketches for future characters, but was dissatisfied with his work. It was then that he turned to Konstantin Savitsky with a request to help him with the animals. Shishkin’s friend did not refuse and happily got down to business. The bears turned out to be enviable. In addition, the number of clubfoot has doubled.
To be fair, it is worth noting that Shishkin himself had no intention of cheating at all, and when the picture was ready, he indicated not only his last name, but also Savitsky’s. Both friends were satisfied with their joint work. But everything was ruined by the founder of the world-famous gallery, Pavel Tretyakov.

Stubborn Tretyakov

It was Tretyakov who purchased “Morning in a Pine Forest” from Shishkin. However, the patron did not like the 2 signatures on the painting. And since, after purchasing this or that work of art, Tretyakov considered himself its sole and rightful owner, he went ahead and erased Savitsky’s name. Shishkin began to object, but Pavel Mikhailovich remained adamant. He said that the style of writing, including regarding bears, corresponds to the manner of Shishkin, and Savitsky is clearly superfluous here.
Ivan Shishkin shared the fee he received from Tretyakov with a friend. However, he gave Savitsky only the 4th part of the money, explaining this by the fact that he did the sketches for “Morning” without the help of Konstantin Apollonovich.
Surely Savitsky was offended by such treatment. In any case, he never painted another painting together with Shishkin. And Savitsky’s bears, in any case, really became the decoration of the picture: without them, “Morning in a Pine Forest” would hardly have received such recognition.



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