Live and remember the cowardice in the work. The court is your own and human. Other works on this work

Moral issues of V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember”

The story “Money for Maria” brought V. Rasputin wide fame, and subsequent works: “The Last Term”, “Live and Remember”, “Farewell to Matera” - secured his fame as one of the best writers of modern Russian literature. In his works, moral and philosophical questions about the meaning of life, conscience and honor, and a person’s responsibility for his actions come to the fore. The writer talks about selfishness and betrayal, about the relationship between the personal and the social in the human soul, about the problem of life and death. We will find all these problems in V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember.”

War - this terrible and tragic event - has become a certain test for people. After all, it is in such extreme situations that a person shows the true traits of his character.

The main character of the story “Live and Remember,” Andrei Guskov, went to the front at the very beginning of the war. He fought honestly, first in a reconnaissance company, then in a ski battalion, then in a howitzer battery. And while Moscow and Stalingrad were behind him, while it was possible to survive only by fighting the enemy, nothing disturbed Guskov’s soul. Andrei was not a hero, but he did not hide behind his comrades either. He was taken into reconnaissance, he fought like everyone else, and was a good soldier.

Everything changed in Guskov’s life when the end of the war became visible. Andrey again faces the problem of life and death. And the instinct of self-preservation is triggered in him. He began to dream of being wounded in order to gain time. Andrei asks himself the question: “Why should I fight and not others?” Here Rasputin condemns the selfishness and individualism of Guskov, who at such a difficult moment for his homeland showed weakness, cowardice, betrayed his comrades, and was afraid.

The main character of Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember” is similar to another literary character - Rodion Raskolnikov, who asked himself: “Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right?” Rasputin touches on the problem of personal and social in the soul of Andrei Guskov. Does a person have the right to put his interests above the interests of the people and the state? Does a person have the right to step over centuries-old moral values? Of course not.

Another problem that worries Rasputin is the problem of human destiny. What prompted Guskov to flee to the rear - the official’s fatal mistake or the weakness that he gave in his soul? Maybe if Andrei had not been wounded, he would have overcome himself and reached Berlin? But Rasputin makes his hero decide to retreat. Guskov is offended by the war: it tore him away from his loved ones, from his home, from his family; she puts him in mortal danger every time. Deep down, he understands that desertion is a deliberately false step. He hopes that the train he is traveling on will be stopped and his documents checked. Rasputin writes: “In war, a person is not free to dispose of himself, but he did.”

The perfect act does not bring relief to Guskov. He, like Raskolnikov after the murder, must now hide from people, he is tormented by pangs of conscience. “Now all my days are dark,” says Andrei Nastena.

The image of Nastena is central to the story. She is the literary successor to Sholokhov's Ilyinichna from Quiet Don. Nastena combines the features of a rural righteous woman: kindness, a sense of responsibility for the fate of other people, mercy, faith in people. The problem of humanism and forgiveness is inextricably linked with her bright image.

Nastena found the strength to feel sorry for Andrei and help him. She felt in her heart that he was nearby. It was a difficult step for her: she had to lie, cheat, dodge, and live in constant fear. Nastena already felt that she was moving away from her fellow villagers, becoming a stranger. But for the sake of her husband, she chooses this path for herself, because she loves him and wants to be with him.

The war changed a lot in the souls of the main characters. They realized that all their quarrels and distance from each other in peaceful life were simply absurd. The hope for a new life warmed them in difficult times. The secret separated them from people, but brought them closer to each other. The test revealed their best human qualities.

Spurred by the realization that they would not be together for long, the love of Andrei and Nastena flared up with renewed vigor. Perhaps these were the happiest days of their lives. Home, family, love - this is where Rasputin sees happiness. But a different fate was prepared for his heroes.

Nastena believes that “there is no guilt that cannot be forgiven.” She hopes that Andrei will be able to go out to people and repent. But he does not find the strength to do such an act. Only from a distance does Guskov look at his father and does not dare to show himself to him.

Not only does Guskov’s act put an end to his fate and Nastena’s fate, but Andrei did not spare his parents either. Perhaps their only hope was that their son would return from the war as a hero. What was it like for them to find out that their son was a traitor and deserter! What a shame this is for old people!

For determination and kindness, God sends Nastya a long-awaited child. And here the most important problem of the story arises: does a deserter’s child have the right to be born? In the story “Shibalkovo Seed” Sholokhov already raised a similar question, and the machine gunner persuaded the Red Army soldiers to leave his son alive. The news about the child became the only meaning for Andrei. Now he knew that the thread of life would stretch further, that his lineage would not end. He says to Nastena: “When you give birth, I will justify myself, this is the last chance for me.” But Rasputin breaks the hero’s dreams, and Nastena dies along with the child. Perhaps this is the most terrible punishment for Guskov.

The main idea of V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember” is a person’s moral responsibility for his actions. Using the example of Andrei Guskov’s life, the author shows how easy it is to stumble, show weakness and make an irreparable mistake. The writer does not accept any of Guskov’s explanations, because other people who also had families and children died in the war. You can forgive Nastena, who took pity on her husband and took his guilt upon herself, but there is no forgiveness for a deserter and traitor. Nastena’s words: “Live and remember” will pound in Guskov’s inflamed brain for the rest of his life. This call is addressed both to the residents of Atamanovka and to all people. Immorality breeds tragedy.

Everyone who reads this book should live and remember what not to do. Everyone must understand how wonderful life is, and never forget how many deaths and distorted destinies cost victory. Each work of V. Rasputin is always a step forward in the spiritual development of society. A work such as the story “Live and Remember” is a barrier to immoral acts. It’s good that we have writers like V. Rasputin. Their creativity will help people not to lose moral values.

Sections: Literature

Goals:

Create conditions for improving the skills and abilities of text analysis, understanding the main idea of a work, and developing the ability to see its artistic features.
To evoke in children thinking about what they read, a spiritual response and a sense of human responsibility for their choice.
Help students learn to work with different types of information and build communication with text.

During the classes

I. Teacher's opening speech.

Not the one from fairy tales, not the one from the cradle,
Not the one that was taught in textbooks,
And the one that glowed in the inflamed eyes,
And the one who cried, I remembered the Motherland.
And I see her on the eve of victory
Not stone, bronze, crowned with glory,
And the eyes of the one who cried, walking through troubles,
A Russian woman who bore everything, endured everything.
K. Simonov

Today we are talking about war. It's always difficult to talk about her.

During the war, about 27 million people died in the USSR, 40% were civilians who died in concentration camps, and according to unofficial data, losses amounted to more than 40 million people.

Terrible numbers; there was not a family in the country that did not suffer during the war. This huge fiery wheel passed through destinies and crippled the souls of people. Sometimes serious offenses were committed, but many were forgiven. Can everything be justified by war?

Today we will try to solve this problem: “Will the war write off everything?..” using the example of Valentin Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember.”

Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin was born in 1937. A modern Russian writer, a native Siberian, has always lived and lives in his homeland, writes about those who are nearby, whom he knows and loves. His work has been recognized by many state awards and literary prizes. For the story “Live and Remember,” published in 1974, he was awarded the State Prize.

The plot of this story was based on childhood memories: “I remember how a deserter was discovered not far from our village. He hid for a long time, lived away from human habitation. He became embittered, killed a calf, and stole something from someone. I remember how an overgrown, scary man was led through the entire village. This childhood impression was deposited in my memory and many years later the seed of the plot hatched.”

II. Analysis of the story.

Teacher: Briefly retell the content.

Teacher: We will talk about Andrei Guskov.

Is the illustration successful? How did the artist manage to convey the hero’s state?

– His pose (he turned his back), hunched figure, uncut hair indicate that this person is afraid of something, he has something to hide.

Teacher: So, Andrei commits a crime. Can we so unconditionally call him a criminal? How did he fight, how was he treated? Opinions will be different, so to answer this question we divide into two groups, one defends, the other accuses.

Teacher: But instead of going to the front, he decides to go home. How did he walk, with what feelings?

“He had nothing to say even to himself. He somehow suddenly became disgusted with himself, hated himself. He was now an unknown person. Everything in him shifted, turned over, hung in the air.” Along the way he hid, was cautious, and constantly looked around.

Teacher: How did you feel when you got there?

– I didn’t feel any feelings. Wasn't able to test it. In his bath he fell like a dead man.

Teacher: Andrey establishes a connection with his wife, who is trying to bring him back to people. How does he explain his reluctance to go out to people and repent?

- Taking care of relatives, so as not to point fingers. I don't want to spoil the child.

Teacher: For whom does Andrei come up with these excuses, who does he want to reassure?

- Myself. After all, in order to go out to people, you need to commit an act, which Andrei was incapable of.

Teacher: He opposes himself to the rest of the world, gradually losing his human qualities. Let's find examples of this contrast.

– He starts doing dirty tricks on people (he steals fish, rolls a tree stump onto the road, wants to set fire to the mill). They may not see him, but they suspect that he exists.

Teacher: What does he feel when he secretly watches the village, his father?

“I got sick there, suffered, and was ready to give anything to get even a glimpse of my Atamanovka. But here I come – and my soul is empty.” “He had to come here in order to make sure in reality, up close, that he would never be in his own home, not talk to his father and mother, now he understood that he had no way to come here.”

Teacher: The connection with his fellow villagers is broken, he walks along the land where he once worked, hoping that the land will remember him. Does nature accept it?

- No. He violated not only moral laws, but also the laws of nature. It destroys nature itself and encroaches on its main incentive - the continuation of life on earth.

Teacher: The story contains two scenes of killing animals in chapters 8 and 15. How does Andrei behave in scenes of killing animals? (read out)

– He doesn’t finish off the goat, he watches her die. He looked into the animal's eyes, wanting to see death approaching there, but he saw his reflection. For this animal, he was that very death.

And he kills the calf on May 1st, not because there was nothing to eat, but out of anger at people, wanting to annoy those who can live and have fun openly, without hiding from anyone. And this anger in a person turns into rage, he becomes against nature.

Teacher: Compare how a person and an animal behave in this episode?

- “Guskov went completely wild,” “the cow screamed.” An animal behaves like a human, and a human behaves like an animal. It is also noteworthy that at the beginning of the episode the author calls the hero by his first name, then by his last name, and at the moment of the murder itself, just a man. Rasputin takes away from him the most important accessory of a person - his name, believing that Guskov is not worthy of it.

Teacher: The author uses the technique of dehumanizing the hero, that is, depriving him of the qualities of a person. We proved that the person inside Andrei Guskov died. Depicting the internal dehumanization of the hero, the author also shows external changes. Let's see how Andrei Guskov's appearance changed.

III. Work according to the table.

Andrey Guskov – Dehumanization of the hero

Chapter 2	Strong, hard hands, hoarse, rusty voice. She could not see the face, only something large and shaggy vaguely blackened in front of her.
Chapter 6	Finally, Nastena could see him: the same gnarled figure, slightly turned to the right, and the same wide, Asian-style flattened snub-nosed face, overgrown with a black, tattered beard. The deep-set eyes looked defiantly and tenaciously. He is a familiar, close, dear person to Nastya, and yet a stranger, incomprehensible. - You are wonderful with that beard. Like a goblin. - I'll shave it off. Although no, I won’t. So as not to be like yourself. It's better than hell.
Chapter 8	One day I saw a wolf who began to come to the winter hut and howl. Guskov, wanting to scare away the beast, opened the door slightly, and in anger, mimicking it, answered it with his howl. He answered and was amazed: his voice came so close to that of a wolf. ...Guskov, having realized to put pressure on his throat and throw back his head, removed the extra hoarseness from his voice and learned to keep it high and clear. In the end, the wolf could not stand it and retreated from the winter hut.
Chapter 10	The wall constantly imagined substitution, deception. It seemed to her that she herself was covered with disgusting animal fur.
Chapter 13	You can't truly feel like an animal until you see that pets exist.
Chapter 15	He now slept fitfully. Moonlit nights began to bother him. And the brighter the moon shone, the more restless - the more suffocating he felt... Guskov froze like an animal, sensitively responding to every sound. He learned to penetrate into places where access to humans is prohibited. He walked and sniffed, peered, looked around, guarded his step, skirted open places, hid. At such moments, his memory seemed to be clouded, he refused to believe that he had been at war, lived among people, but it seemed that he had always been wandering around alone, having neither home nor business.
Chapter 18	His face became very sharp and dry. The eyes froze and looked from the depths with intent anguish. The beard no longer seemed black, but dirty piebald. He held his head forward, as if constantly peering or listening to something. He had recently picked up the hair on his head and cut it to the touch; it hung in uneven clumps. What scared Nastena most of all was her eyes: they had changed so much since the last meeting, they were so filled with melancholy, they had lost all expression except attention. His voice broke: he often broke down, sometimes becoming inappropriately stern, sometimes pitiful, almost crying - either from constant silence, or from loneliness, or from something else. And, seeing again in front of him Andrei’s sagging and ugly overgrown, mossy face, his sunken eyes, sharp and exhausted by suffering, his half-bent, wary figure in dirty clothes; Finding herself after the rain in a damp, dark winter hut with the bitter smell of stale, stifled air - seeing and feeling all this, Nastena shuddered.

Teacher: He becomes more than just a beast. What feeling does not leave Nastena from the very first meeting?

- That this is a werewolf. It is no coincidence that Rasputin chooses for Guskov the guise of a wolf, which he becomes like. But the wolf is still part of nature. In Rus', evil spirits were often called undead. If you break this word, you get NOT TO LIVE.

Andrey Guskov is someone who can’t live with people.

Teacher: And who is to blame for this situation? Whom does Andrei blame?

– For Andrey there are two culprits – war and fate. He is not ready, does not want to take responsibility for his actions, and hides behind them. “It’s all war, it’s all damned!” “Andrei understood: his fate had turned into a dead end, from which there was no way out. And the fact that there was no turning back freed him from unnecessary thoughts.” He does not think about the suffering he brings to his family.

Teacher: What do we know about his family?

“Father Mikheich is kind, gentle, and always supported Nastena.

Teacher: What feature in his middle name might indicate his character?

- All consonants are soft.

Teacher: How does he behave after his guess about the return of his son?

– I felt the closeness of my son, moved away from people, feeling guilty for his action.

Teacher: Did the mother feel the closeness of her son? Why?

– Semyonovna did not feel her son’s proximity. Perhaps this is blind maternal love - she did not even allow the thought that her son would return differently than a hero.

Teacher: So, Andrei opposed himself to everyone: fellow villagers, nature, relatives. The only link that connected him to this world was Nastena.

Reading the story, you understand that it was not written for Andrei’s sake, but for Nastena’s sake. In order to show how a person changes under the influence of difficult moral experiences that befall him. What do we know about Nastena’s fate?

Teacher: Look at the illustration. This is the first meeting of the heroes. Does Nastena doubt whether to help or not help Andrey? Could she send him away now? Why?

Teacher: What does Nastena understand? How will she have to live now?

– She is determined, she will help, she does not separate her fate from her husband’s, but she will have to lie, be cunning, and dodge.

Teacher: What feelings does she have for Andrey?

– I loved, pitying, and regretted, loving. These are two feelings that guide a Russian woman through life. I was only thinking about where to get the strength that would help return him to his place.

Teacher: Where did Nastena get her strength anyway? Where does this moral fortitude and devotion come from?

- Everything from childhood. It is there that character is tempered and a person is formed. Nastena and Andrey had different childhoods, and their personalities turned out to be different.

Teacher: Now we need to say a few words about the composition. Did you notice anything while reading?

– V. Rasputin has a special structure of the composition – a mirror arrangement of chapters. Similar episodes are repeated after some time.

– Repetition allows you to take a closer look at the inner world of the characters, to see how the state and consciousness of the characters changes.

Teacher: Finding out the reasons for the actions of the heroes, the author takes us to childhood, to where personality is formed. And then events begin to develop rapidly, and the author leads us to a tragic ending. Events are repeated, but the heroes are different.

Teacher: Look at the illustration. How has Nastena changed?

– Tired, old and terribly lonely.

Teacher: She feels lonely even among people. There are two mass scenes in the story that prove this (the return of Maxim Vologzhin and the day the war ended). Let's see how Nastena felt when she was among people?

– She feels lonely, believes that she is unworthy to be with everyone. She is forced to prove to herself that she has the right to rejoice with everyone, that she deserves this holiday.

Teacher: But there is no limit to human suffering. Fate sends her another test - an unborn child. Why this test?

Teacher: And then a simple and evil thought comes to her: “I wish it would end soon. Any ending is better than this life.” But she had hope for the help of nature. What time in the life of the village was Nastena looking forward to?

- It's haymaking time. This is the time when all people are together, and not only the unity of people is felt, but also the unity with nature. After all, she always helped Nastya.

Teacher: Let's remember the description of nature in chapters 10 and 19. Why such a gloomy landscape?

– Nature is trying to stop her, detain her.

Teacher: But Nastena never waited for haymaking. She understands that Andrei was tracked down and tries to warn him. With what feelings does she set off on this final journey?

“I was ashamed in front of Andrei, in front of people, in front of myself. She's tired. Nastena asks herself questions to which there is no answer.

Teacher: Imagine night, silence, the river is shimmering and on this moonlit path there is a lonely woman in a boat. So she gets up, hangs over the edge, and the silence is broken by a cry: “Nastena, stop, don’t you dare, Nastena!” And we understand that this is not only the cry of Maxim Vologzhin, it is the cry of the author himself.

V. Rasputin wrote: “I am inclined to accept Nastena’s death not as a victory of evil, but as a severe test of the moral law, when they demand from him: “Give up,” and through tears and torment he: “I can’t.”

Teacher: Why did Nastena decide to commit suicide?

– A high degree of self-sacrifice led her to a dead end from which she found no other way out.

Teacher: Do you think that if Andrei decided to act, if he came out to people, would they forgive him?

“They forgive Nastya, and he would be forgiven.”

Teacher: Were there any details in the text that would have told us such an ending to Nastena’s life, such a death?

– I was afraid of water, a cemetery for drowned people. These are symbols, hints from the author.

Teacher: Are there any other symbolic details and what meaning do they carry?

– Working with symbols (winter hut and house, Hangar, clock, axe, cave).

Teacher: Such a detail as the ax does not take us to another era, to another author?

– F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

Teacher: What common?

– The motive for the crime, opposing oneself to people, the characters of the main characters, but the ending is different.

- This would elevate him, remove some of the guilt, turn cowardice into delusion. But in this case he would be the main character, and the story is not about him.

The author’s main task is to show the highest degree of responsibility for one’s life to oneself and people, the strength of the human spirit in the image of Nastena. The measure of Guskov’s moral decline allows us to identify and highlight Nastena’s high spirituality.

IV. Working with the diagram.

Together with Nastena, the reader comprehends a higher system of values. And the title is addressed not to Andrei Guskov, but to all readers. V. Rasputin addresses the people: “Live and remember, man, in trouble, in grief, in the most difficult days of trials, your place is next to your people, any apostasy, whether caused by your weakness, or misunderstanding, turns into even greater grief for your homeland , people, and therefore, for you too..."

Teacher: Answering the question posed in the title of the topic, what can we say?

– War will write off a lot, but there are higher moral laws that no one has the right to transgress and it is impossible to justify such actions.

V. Reflection.

Teacher: Returning to the epigraph, tell me, with what feelings did you go to class, and what changed when we visited the very edge of human life?

The main lesson we must learn is the realization that sometimes the price of an action can be a human life.

VI. Lesson summary.

Homework: written work: “My attitude towards...” (express your thoughts that you could not express in class).

The story “Live and Remember” was written in 1974. In 2008, the work was filmed by director Alexander Proshkin. The main roles in the film were played by Daria Moroz and Mikhail Evlanov.

The main character of the story is a young woman named Nastya. The orphan was brought up in her aunt's house, not knowing any love or even just good treatment. From an early age, Nastya was forced to work hard so as not to be a freeloader in someone else’s house. When Andrei Guskov asked the girl to marry him, she accepted his proposal without hesitation. Nastya never loved her husband, but she was sure that in marriage she would find happiness, which she did not have in her childhood. For several years of living together, the Guskov family never had children. Andrei blamed his wife for this. Nastya constantly felt guilty.

The head of the family leaves for the front. A young wife receives letters from her husband. But one day a policeman and the chairman of the village council came to her. Andrei has gone missing and is suspected of desertion. When the ax disappeared from the bathhouse, the young wife immediately realized that her husband had returned home. After some time, the meeting of the spouses did take place. It seemed to Nastya like an obsession, a nightmare.

The superstitious woman was sure that the man she met in the bathhouse was not her husband, but a werewolf. Nastya doubted for a long time the reality of everything that happened at night, believing that she had only dreamed it all. Subsequently, Andrei explained to his wife that he was not a murderer or a traitor. He didn't commit any crime. The reason for his desertion was his too early discharge from the hospital. Guskov had to go back to the front, despite the fact that his treatment was not yet completed.

Andrei understands that his actions will be regarded by the authorities as one of the most terrible crimes, but does not want to correct the situation in any way. Nastya carefully hides the illegal return of her husband from her fellow villagers. The young woman still does not love her husband. A sense of duty forces her to lie. The long-awaited pregnancy becomes an unexpected joy for the Guskovs. For the sake of her husband and unborn child, Nastya is ready to endure even greater hardships.

A hopeless situation
Pregnancy brought more than just joy. The absence of a husband and the presence of a child can only mean one thing: Nastya cheated on Andrey. If this is not the case, then Guskov has returned, which, in turn, indicates his desertion. Nastya agrees to be considered an unfaithful wife if it helps save her husband.

A young woman faces hatred and contempt from those around her. Upon learning that the daughter-in-law is pregnant, the mother-in-law immediately kicks her out of the house. Despair leads Nastya to suicide. A young woman rushes into the Angara.

Nastena Guskova

Having not received love and affection in childhood, the main character dreams of her own family, where she would be the mistress. Nastya doesn't have time to wait for true love. She wants to leave her aunt’s house as soon as possible and accepts a marriage proposal from an unloved man.

The main character trait of the main character is a feeling for a long time. Nastya knows that she must be married, must have children, must be a faithful and devoted wife to her husband. This is her purpose, and she does not see her life differently. When Andrey is in trouble, Nastya makes every effort to help him. The young woman still does not love her husband. But Andrei is her only close person whom she does not want to lose.

The dream of true happiness seems especially close to Nastya after she finds out about her pregnancy. Now she will have a full-fledged family, and she will no longer consider herself a flawed woman. But at some point the main character realizes that this time too happiness will pass by. The long-awaited child was conceived at the wrong time. It will bring sorrow instead of joy.

A sense of duty makes Nastya suffer severely. She fulfilled her duty to her husband, but at the same time betrayed her homeland. Seeing how funerals are brought to other families, Nastya reproaches herself for the fact that another woman became a widow instead of her. Her husband is alive only because other people's husbands died. This seems unfair to Nastya.

Finding herself in a hopeless situation, the main character sees the only solution to her problem. However, the author does not want Nastya to be considered a suicide. Trying to justify his heroine, he says that the young woman is simply very tired. She was looking for rest, not death.

Andrey Guskov

Unlike his wife, Andrei is not burdened with a sense of duty. He can easily be called an irresponsible person. Andrey lives for himself and for himself. He recognizes only his own truth. For the absence of children, the main character, first of all, blames his wife. He does not consider himself either a deserter or a traitor. Andrei ran away from the hospital because they wanted to send him to the front ahead of time. He was simply saving his life and was not going to betray anyone. Besides, he is just a peasant, not a warrior. Andrei was not born to kill other people.

Guskov selfishly accepts all his wife’s sacrifices, without even thinking about what suffering he is condemning her to through his actions. Having shifted all his problems to the weak, fragile Nastya, Andrey does what he considers necessary. His wife's suffering means nothing to him. She is a woman, her destiny is to endure. Despite the fact that his wife’s pregnancy only worsened the current situation, Andrei does not feel any remorse and does not blame himself for conceiving a child in such difficult circumstances. He finally got what he wanted for so long.

main idea

The desire to follow duty may not always be justified. The desire to constantly give for free is no less destructive than the constant desire to unrequitedly accept the sacrifice. By disturbing the energy balance, both the giver and the taker remain losers.

Analysis of the work

Valentin Rasputin presented the life of ordinary Russian people in his story. “Live and Remember” (a summary of this work is hardly capable of conveying the entire palette of feelings experienced by the characters) is not a unique story. There were many women and men like Nastya and Andrey during the Great Patriotic War.

The author does not condemn his heroes, does not pass harsh sentences on them. Nastya refused to hand over her unloved husband to the authorities. She wanted to be happy no matter what. You shouldn’t blame Andrey either. He was not born to kill and destroy. The mission of a simple peasant is creative work. Andrei does not consider himself a traitor because he always served his homeland in a different way: he cultivated the land, as his ancestors did. The main character is sure that it was not he who betrayed his homeland, but his homeland in some way betrayed him. He fought for a long time, was wounded and hoped for a vacation, during which he could be with his family and heal his wounds. But instead, Andrei will again have to go to the hated war.

The horrors of a bloodbath awaken in a person the instinct of self-preservation - one of the most ancient human instincts. The fewer chances for life a person has, the stronger his desire to stay alive.

Work by genre orientation refers to a realistic story, the central theme of which is the author's reflections on the moral choice of a person placed in harsh life circumstances, as well as the problems of human relationships, expressed in the manifestation of a sense of duty, love, responsibility, generosity.

Main characters The story is the Guskovs' spouses, presented by the writer as two opposing characters: Andrei is portrayed as a weak, cowardly and weak-willed man, and his wife Nastena is described as a kind, compassionate, sympathetic woman.

Characterizing Nastena in the story as a long, skinny woman, distinguished by a frozen, painful gaze, the writer portrays a collective image of a Russian woman who experienced moral and physical suffering during the war period.

Compositional structure The story is based on the technique of antithesis and consists of an epilogue, a plot, the development of narrative action, a climax and a final denouement. The epilogue introduces the readership to the main characters living in pre-war times in a remote Siberian village. Andrei's sending to the front constitutes the plot of the story, and the development of the storyline describes the events associated with Guskov's serious injury and his decision to return home, and not to the places of hostilities. The culmination of the plot is the death of Nastena, who committed suicide due to her husband’s betrayal, and the denouement is the news of Guskov’s desertion in the village and his search.

Key topics In the story, the writer presents the war, which became an insurmountable test for the main character in the form of his moral breakdown, which caused Andrei to commit an immoral act, desertion, which in turn led to the death of his wife and unborn baby, since Nastena, who became an accomplice in her husband’s crime, did not withstands the hardships of life that befall her. Being pregnant, hiding in the forest thicket Andrei, who is hiding from people, Nastena is humiliated by the villagers, and later becomes expelled by her father-in-law from her own home.

Option 2

Each work of Valentin Rasputin is a life story of the human soul, in which many readers often find similarities that take place in their destiny. The story “Live and Remember” is a series of events in which the characters’ characters and their destinies are revealed in a village atmosphere, where everyone strives for ordinary human happiness.

The author based the plot on the protagonist’s escape from the front, around which the characters’ relationships with each other developed and their true colors emerged. The theme of war took the main position in the work. The main character, Andrei, experiences emotional burnout in military conditions, although he was never inclined to escape. He always fulfilled his duty honestly, but one day he could not resist. Having committed a crime, he runs away to his family.

One after another, themes that are similar in their outcome are intertwined in the story. Each of them carries drama. The theme of the female share accompanies every further turn of events. This is devotion, unimaginable mental suffering, self-sacrifice of the deserter’s wife, who patiently and lovingly supports him in subsequent stages.

The author very accurately emphasized the idea that the war did not bring joy to anyone. It killed a lot of people - both those who found themselves in combat conditions and those who were looking forward to meeting their loved ones while in the village. The war tormented not only physically, but also wounded the soul of a person. But it was thanks to this difficult time that people got to know not only each other, but most importantly - themselves. Thus, Rasputin, through a vivid contrast between the spouses, showed how the moral fall of one hero and the transformation of the inner world of another under the influence of difficult experiences occur. The horrors of war have led Andrei to a dead end, who unexpectedly acts selfishly. Without thinking about how the lives of his loved ones will change, he runs away from the front and hides not far from home, subjecting Nastena to mental trials. Noticing that nothing is changing, he begins to hate himself, committing cruel acts, for example, killing a roe deer.

Thus, the work reveals simple human truths that after a crime there is always punishment. However, such actions are fraught with the fact that they become punishment for innocent loving people. Nastena dies along with the unborn child. So fate leaves Andrei completely alone and in a state of hopelessness because he was unable to continue the family line and save his soul mate. Because of him, his wife became an outcast, and later chose suicide as a way out.

As a representative of “village prose,” V. Rasputin realistically and touchingly revealed a love story in war conditions. In the title of the story, the author emphasized as a moral the truth that after committed actions there is always retribution. In any state, a person must remember the evil that immorality brings.

The author's attitude towards the characters in the story is expressed in the description of the characters and vocabulary. He is disappointed in Andrei’s action, watching how his soul hardened with every rash step, and rejoiced when Nastya felt good. But the tragic end became inevitable, since, without sharing the fate of his wife, Andrei pulled an innocent soul with him to the bottom.

Often, we all only need one day, one hour, and perhaps even one minute to have time to do something important and meaningful for someone, to say the main words or do the main action in our lives.

Essay Healthy Lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle is the true path to longevity. To be healthy, strong and beautiful, you need to have iron willpower and work very hard, namely, work first of all on yourself. A healthy lifestyle is instilled from early childhood.

Sections: Literature

Goals:

Create conditions for improving the skills and abilities of text analysis, understanding the main idea of a work, and developing the ability to see its artistic features.
To evoke in children thinking about what they read, a spiritual response and a sense of human responsibility for their choice.
Help students learn to work with different types of information and build communication with text.