Turgenev's noble nest main characters. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "The Noble Nest": book review. See what “Noble Nest” is in other dictionaries

As usual, Gedeonovsky was the first to bring the news of Lavretsky’s return to the Kalitins’ house. Maria Dmitrievna, the widow of a former provincial prosecutor, who at fifty years old has retained a certain pleasantness in her features, favors him, and her house is one of the nicest in the city of O... But Marfa Timofeevna Pestova, the seventy-year-old sister of Maria Dmitrievna’s father, does not favor Gedeonovsky for his inclination invent and talkativeness. Why, a popovich, even though he is a state councilor.

However, it is generally difficult to please Marfa Timofeevna. Well, she doesn’t like Panshin either - everyone’s favorite, an enviable groom, the first gentleman. Vladimir Nikolaevich plays the piano, composes romances based on his own words, draws well, and recites. He is a completely secular person, educated and dexterous. In general, he is a St. Petersburg official on special assignments, a chamber cadet who arrived in O... on some kind of mission. He visits the Kalitins for the sake of Lisa, Maria Dmitrievna’s nineteen-year-old daughter. And it looks like his intentions are serious. But Marfa Timofeevna is sure: her favorite is not worth such a husband. Panshin and Lizin are rated low by music teacher Christopher Fedorovich Lemm, a middle-aged, unattractive and not very successful German, secretly in love with his student.

The arrival of Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky from abroad is a notable event for the city. His story passes from mouth to mouth. In Paris, he accidentally caught his wife cheating. Moreover, after the breakup, the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna gained scandalous European fame.

The inhabitants of the Kalitino house, however, did not think that he looked like a victim. He still exudes steppe health and lasting strength. Only the fatigue is visible in the eyes.

Actually, Fyodor Ivanovich is a strong breed. His great-grandfather was a tough, daring, smart and crafty man. The great-grandmother, a hot-tempered, vindictive gypsy, was in no way inferior to her husband. Grandfather Peter, however, was already a simple steppe gentleman. His son Ivan (father of Fyodor Ivanovich) was raised, however, by a Frenchman, an admirer of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: this was the order of the aunt with whom he lived. (His sister Glafira grew up with her parents.) Wisdom of the 18th century. the mentor poured it entirely into his head, where it remained, without mixing with the blood, without penetrating into the soul.

Upon returning to his parents, Ivan found his home dirty and wild. This did not stop him from paying attention to mother’s maid Malanya, a very pretty, intelligent and meek girl. A scandal broke out: Ivan’s father deprived him of his inheritance, and ordered the girl to be sent to a distant village. Ivan Petrovich recaptured Malanya on the way and married her. Having arranged a young wife with the Pestov relatives, Dmitry Timofeevich and Marfa Timofeevna, he himself went to St. Petersburg, and then abroad. Fedor was born in the village of Pestov on August 20, 1807. Almost a year passed before Malanya Sergeevna was able to appear with her son at the Lavretskys. And that’s only because Ivan’s mother, before her death, asked the stern Pyotr Andreevich for her son and daughter-in-law.

The baby's happy father finally returned to Russia only twelve years later. Malanya Sergeevna had died by this time, and the boy was raised by his aunt Glafira Andreevna, ugly, envious, unkind and domineering. Fedya was taken away from his mother and given to Glafira while she was still alive. He did not see his mother every day and loved her passionately, but he vaguely felt that there was an indestructible barrier between him and her. Fedya was afraid of Auntie and didn’t dare say a word in front of her.

Having returned, Ivan Petrovich himself began raising his son. Dressed him in Scottish clothes and hired a porter for him. Gymnastics, natural sciences, international law, mathematics, carpentry and heraldry formed the core of the educational system. They woke the boy up at four in the morning; having doused them with cold water, they forced them to run around a pole on a rope; fed once a day; taught to ride a horse and shoot a crossbow. When Fedya was sixteen years old, his father began to instill in him contempt for women.

A few years later, having buried his father, Lavretsky went to Moscow and at the age of twenty-three entered the university. The strange upbringing bore fruit. He didn’t know how to get along with people, he didn’t dare look into the eyes of a single woman. He became friends only with Mikhalevich, an enthusiast and poet. It was this Mikhalevich who introduced his friend to the family of the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna Korobina. The twenty-six-year-old child only now understood why life was worth living. Varenka was charming, smart and well-educated, she could talk about the theater, and played the piano.

Six months later, the young people arrived in Lavriki. The university was left (not to marry a student), and a happy life began. Glafira was removed, and General Korobin, Varvara Pavlovna’s dad, arrived in the place of the manager; and the couple drove off to St. Petersburg, where they had a son, who soon died. On the advice of doctors, they went abroad and settled in Paris. Varvara Pavlovna instantly settled down here and began to shine in society. Soon, however, a love note addressed to his wife, whom he trusted so blindly, fell into Lavretsky’s hands. At first he was seized with rage, a desire to kill both of them (“my great-grandfather hung men by the ribs”), but then, having ordered a letter about the annual allowance for his wife and about the departure of General Korobin from the estate, he went to Italy. Newspapers circulated bad rumors about his wife. From them I learned that he had a daughter. Indifference to everything appeared. And yet, after four years, he wanted to return home, to the city of O..., but he did not want to settle in Lavriki, where he and Varya spent their first happy days.

From the very first meeting, Lisa attracted his attention. He noticed Panshin and her nearby. Maria Dmitrievna did not hide the fact that the chamber cadet was crazy about her daughter. Marfa Timofeevna, however, still believed that Liza should not follow Panshin.

In Vasilievskoye, Lavretsky examined the house, garden with a pond: the estate had managed to run wild. The silence of a leisurely, solitary life surrounded him. And what strength, what health there was in this inactive silence. The days passed monotonously, but he was not bored: he did housework, rode horseback, and read.

Three weeks later I went to O... to the Kalitins. I found Lemma there. In the evening, going to see him off, I stayed with him. The old man was touched and admitted that he writes music, played and sang something.

In Vasilievsky, the conversation about poetry and music imperceptibly turned into a conversation about Liza and Panshin. Lemm was categorical: she doesn’t love him, she just listens to her mother. Lisa can love one beautiful thing, but he is not beautiful, i.e. his soul is not beautiful

Lisa and Lavretsky trusted each other more and more. Not without embarrassment, she once asked about the reasons for his separation from his wife: how can one break off what God has united? You must forgive. She is sure that one must forgive and submit. This was taught to her as a child by her nanny Agafya, who told her the life of the Most Pure Virgin, the lives of saints and hermits, and took her to church. Her own example fostered humility, meekness and a sense of duty.

Unexpectedly, Mikhalevich appeared in Vasilyevskoye. He grew old, it was clear that he was not succeeding, but he spoke as passionately as in his youth, read his own poems: “...And I burned everything that I worshiped, / I bowed to everything that I burned.”

Then the friends argued long and loudly, disturbing Lemm, who continued to visit. You can't just want happiness in life. This means building on sand. You need faith, and without it Lavretsky is a pitiful Voltairian. No faith - no revelation, no understanding of what to do. He needs a pure, unearthly being who will tear him out of his apathy.

After Mikhalevich, the Kalitins arrived in Vasilyevskoye. The days passed joyfully and carefree. “I speak to her as if I were not an obsolete person,” Lavretsky thought about Lisa. As he saw off their carriage on horseback, he asked: “Aren’t we friends now?..” She nodded in response.

The next evening, while looking through French magazines and newspapers, Fyodor Ivanovich came across a message about the sudden death of the queen of fashionable Parisian salons, Madame Lavretskaya. The next morning he was already at the Kalitins'. "What's wrong with you?" - Lisa asked. He gave her the text of the message. Now he is free. “You don’t need to think about this now, but about forgiveness...” she objected and at the end of the conversation she reciprocated with the same trust: Panshin asks for her hand. She is not at all in love with him, but she is ready to listen to her mother. Lavretsky begged Lisa to think about it, not to marry without love, out of a sense of duty. That same evening, Lisa asked Panshin not to rush her with an answer and informed Lavretsky about this. All the following days a secret anxiety was felt in her, as if she even avoided Lavretsky. And he was also alarmed by the lack of confirmation of his wife’s death. And Lisa, when asked if she decided to give an answer to Panshin, said that she knew nothing. She doesn't know herself.

One summer evening in the living room, Panshin began to reproach the new generation, saying that Russia had fallen behind Europe (we didn’t even invent mousetraps). He spoke beautifully, but with secret bitterness. Lavretsky suddenly began to object and defeated the enemy, proving the impossibility of leaps and arrogant alterations, demanded recognition of the people's truth and humility before it. The irritated Panshin exclaimed; what does he intend to do? Plow the land and try to plow it as best as possible.

Liza was on Lavretsky’s side throughout the argument. The secular official's contempt for Russia offended her. Both of them realized that they loved and did not love the same thing, but differed only in one thing, but Lisa secretly hoped to lead him to God. The embarrassment of the last few days disappeared.

Everyone gradually dispersed, and Lavretsky quietly went out into the night garden and sat down on a bench. Light appeared in the lower windows. It was Lisa walking with a candle in her hand. He quietly called her and, sitting her down under the linden trees, said: “... It brought me here... I love you.”

Returning through the sleepy streets, full of joyful feelings, he heard the wonderful sounds of music. He turned to where they were rushing from and called: Lemm! The old man appeared at the window and, recognizing him, threw the key. Lavretsky had not heard anything like this for a long time. He came up and hugged the old man. He paused, then smiled and cried: “I did this, for I am a great musician.”

The next day, Lavretsky went to Vasilievskoye and returned to the city in the evening. In the hallway he was greeted by the smell of strong perfume, and there were trunks right there. Having crossed the threshold of the living room, he saw his wife. Confusedly and verbosely, she began to beg to forgive her, if only for the sake of her daughter, who was not guilty of anything before him: Ada, ask your father with me. He invited her to settle in Lavriki, but never count on renewing the relationship. Varvara Pavlovna was all submission, but on the same day she visited the Kalitins. The final explanation between Liza and Panshin had already taken place there. Maria Dmitrievna was in despair. Varvara Pavlovna managed to occupy and then win her over, hinting that Fyodor Ivanovich had not completely deprived her of “his presence.” Lisa received Lavretsky’s note, and the meeting with his wife was not a surprise for her (“Serves me right”). She was stoic in the presence of the woman whom “he” had once loved.

Panshin appeared. Varvara Pavlovna immediately found the tone with him. She sang a romance, talked about literature, about Paris, and occupied herself with half-secular, half-artistic chatter. When parting, Maria Dmitrievna expressed her readiness to try to reconcile her with her husband.

Lavretsky reappeared in the Kalitin house when he received a note from Lisa inviting him to visit them. He immediately went up to Marfa Timofeevna. She found an excuse to leave him and Lisa alone. The girl came to say that they had only to do their duty. Fyodor Ivanovich must make peace with his wife. Doesn’t he now see for himself: happiness depends not on people, but on God.

When Lavretsky was going downstairs, the footman invited him to Marya Dmitrievna. She started talking about his wife’s repentance, asked to forgive her, and then, offering to accept her from hand to hand, she brought Varvara Pavlovna out from behind the screen. Requests and already familiar scenes were repeated. Lavretsky finally promised that he would live with her under the same roof, but would consider the agreement violated if she allowed herself to leave Lavriki.

The next morning he took his wife and daughter to Lavriki and a week later he left for Moscow. And a day later Panshin visited Varvara Pavlovna and stayed for three days.

A year later, news reached Lavretsky that Lisa had taken monastic vows in a monastery in one of the remote regions of Russia. After some time, he visited this monastery. Lisa walked close to him and didn’t look, only her eyelashes trembled slightly and her fingers holding the rosary clenched even more tightly.

And Varvara Pavlovna very soon moved to St. Petersburg, then to Paris. A new admirer appeared near her, a guardsman of unusually strong build. She never invites him to her fashionable evenings, but otherwise he enjoys her favor completely.

Eight years have passed. Lavretsky again visited O... The older inhabitants of the Kalitino house had already died, and youth reigned here: Lisa’s younger sister, Lenochka, and her fiancé. It was fun and noisy. Fyodor Ivanovich walked through all the rooms. There was the same piano in the living room, the same embroidery frame stood by the window as then. Only the wallpaper was different.

In the garden he saw the same bench and walked along the same alley. His sadness was tormenting, although the turning point had already taken place in him, without which it is impossible to remain a decent person: he stopped thinking about his own happiness.

Retold

The main character of the novel is Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky, a nobleman who has many of the traits of Turgenev himself. Raised remotely from his paternal home, the son of an Anglophile father and a mother who died in his early childhood, Lavretsky is raised on the family country estate by a cruel aunt. Often critics looked for the basis for this part of the plot in the childhood of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev himself, who was raised by his mother, known for her cruelty.

Lavretsky continues his education in Moscow, and, while visiting the opera, he notices a beautiful girl in one of the boxes. Her name is Varvara Pavlovna, and now Fyodor Lavretsky declares his love to her and asks for her hand. The couple gets married and the newlyweds move to Paris. There, Varvara Pavlovna becomes a very popular salon owner and begins an affair with one of her regular guests. Lavretsky learns about his wife’s affair with another only at the moment when he accidentally reads a note written from his lover to Varvara Pavlovna. Shocked by the betrayal of his loved one, he breaks off all contact with her and returns to his family estate, where he was raised.

Upon returning home to Russia, Lavretsky visits his cousin, Maria Dmitrievna Kalitina, who lives with her two daughters - Liza and Lenochka. Lavretsky immediately becomes interested in Liza, whose serious nature and sincere dedication to the Orthodox faith give her great moral superiority, strikingly different from Varvara Pavlovna's flirtatious behavior to which Lavretsky is so accustomed. Gradually, Lavretsky realizes that he is deeply in love with Lisa and, having read a message in a foreign magazine that Varvara Pavlovna has died, declares his love to Lisa. He learns that his feelings are not unrequited - Lisa also loves him.

Having learned about the sudden appearance of the living Varvara Pavlovna, Lisa decides to go to a remote monastery and lives the rest of her days as a monk. The novel ends with an epilogue, the action of which takes place eight years later, from which it also becomes known that Lavretsky returns to Lisa’s house, where her matured sister Elena has settled. There, after the passing years, despite many changes in the house, he sees the living room, where he often met with his beloved girl, sees the piano and the garden in front of the house, which he remembered so much because of his communication with Lisa. Lavretsky lives with his memories and sees some meaning and even beauty in his personal tragedy. After his thoughts, the hero leaves back to his home.

Later, Lavretsky visits Lisa in the monastery, seeing her in those short moments when she appears for moments between services.

The post is inspired by reading the novel by Turgenev I.S. "Noble Nest".

Reference

Full name: "Nobles' Nest""
Genre: novel
Original language: Russian
Years written: 1856-1858
Year of publication: 1859
Number of pages (A4): 112

Brief summary of the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "The Noble Nest"
The main character of the novel "The Noble Nest" by Turgenev is the young nobleman Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky. His pedigree and fate were extremely difficult: his paternal ancestors were harsh and cruel landowners, and his mother was a peasant woman. Fyodor Ivanovich himself was raised by an aunt who had a tough character.

Fyodor Ivanovich grew up an educated, but far from the world man, he had few friends, he did not find interest in the army or government service. Being inexperienced in matters of the heart, he fell in love with the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna Korobyina and soon after that he married her. He spent several years in serene happiness until he found out that his wife was cheating on him. Shocked by this news, he leaves Paris, where they lived, and returns to Russia, to his estate. In Russia, he visits the house of his relative Marya Dmitrievna Kalitina, a rich widow raising two daughters.

Fyodor Ivanovich draws attention to Marya Dmitrievna’s eldest daughter Lisa. She interested him with her purity and seriousness. He falls in love with her, and she feels indifferent to him. Fyodor Ivanovich quite by chance learns from a French magazine that his wife has died. He becomes free and confesses his love to Lisa, she makes a reciprocal confession. The happiness of the young people did not last long: Varvara Pavlovna returned from abroad safe and sound. She returned with the goal of receiving forgiveness and settling in Russia.

Fyodor Ivanovich understands that everything is over and he and Lisa cannot have a future together. He gives his wife permission to live on his estate; she, however, soon leaves for St. Petersburg, and then again to Paris. Lisa, despite excuses, goes to a monastery, and Fyodor Ivanovich lives with memories.

In the epilogue of the novel “The Noble Nest,” Fyodor Ivanovich visits the Kalitins’ house, where, after 8 years, practically nothing reminds of the past. Fyodor Ivanovich lets go of the past and understands that life goes on.

“During these eight years, a turning point finally took place in his life, that turning point that many do not experience, but without which it is impossible to remain a decent person to the end; he really stopped thinking about his own happiness, about selfish goals. He calmed down and - to why hide the truth? - he has aged not only in face and body, but also in his soul; to keep his heart young until old age, as others say, and it is difficult and almost ridiculous for one who has not lost faith in goodness, constancy of will, desire for action; Lavretsky had the right to be pleased: he became a really good owner, really learned to plow the land and worked not only for himself; he, as far as he could, provided for and strengthened the life of his peasants.”

Meaning
The novel "The Noble Nest" describes the fate of the Russian nobleman Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky. His life is an unobvious choice between the old and new forms of economic organization, between real patriotism and careerism, between the European and Slavic paths of development. Fyodor Ivanovich is a collection of features of everything, and it is most difficult for him to decide who he is, what he wants and what he will do.

Conclusion
I read Turgenev’s novel “The Noble Nest” while still at school, but I didn’t remember practically anything. I thoroughly enjoyed it when I read it again. I recommend reading!

The famous Russian writer I. S. Turgenev wrote many wonderful works, “The Noble Nest” is one of the best.

In the novel “The Noble Nest,” Turgenev describes the morals and customs of life of the Russian nobility, their interests and hobbies.

The main character of the work - nobleman Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky - was brought up in the family of his aunt Glafira. Fyodor's mother, a former maid, died when the boy was very young. My father lived abroad. When Fyodor was twelve years old, his father returned home and raised his son himself.

The novel “The Noble Nest” and a brief summary of the work give us the opportunity to find out what kind of home education and upbringing children in noble families received. Fedor was taught many sciences. His upbringing was harsh: he was woken up early in the morning, fed once a day, taught to ride a horse and shoot. When his father died, Lavretsky left to study in Moscow. He was then 23 years old.

The novel “The Noble Nest”, a brief summary of this work will allow us to learn about the hobbies and passions of the young nobles of Russia. During one of his visits to the theater, Fyodor saw a beautiful girl in the box - Varvara Pavlovna Korobyina. A friend introduces him to the beauty’s family. Varenka was smart, sweet, educated.

Studying at the university was abandoned due to Fyodor's marriage to Varvara. The young couple move to St. Petersburg. There their son is born and soon dies. On the advice of a doctor, the Lavretskys go to live in Paris. Soon, enterprising Varvara becomes the owner of a popular salon and starts an affair with one of her visitors. Having learned about accidentally reading a love note from her chosen one, Lavretsky breaks off all relations with her and returns to his estate.

One day he visited his cousin, Kalitina Maria Dmitrievna, who lived with two daughters - Liza and Lena. The eldest - the pious Lisa - interested Fyodor, and he soon realized that his feelings for this girl were serious. Lisa had an admirer, a certain Panshin, whom she did not love, but on her mother’s advice she did not push away.

In one of the French magazines, Lavretsky read that his wife had died. Fyodor declares his love to Lisa and learns that his love is mutual.

The young man's happiness knew no bounds. Finally, he met the girl of his dreams: gentle, charming and also serious. But when he returned home, Varvara was waiting for him in the foyer, alive and unharmed. She tearfully begged her husband to forgive her, at least for the sake of their daughter Ada. Notorious in Paris, the beautiful Varenka was in dire need of money, since her salon no longer provided her with the income she needed for a luxurious life.

Lavretsky assigns her an annual allowance and allows her to settle on his estate, but refuses to live with her. Smart and resourceful Varvara talked to Lisa and convinced the pious and meek girl to give up Fyodor. Lisa convinces Lavretsky not to leave his family. He settles his family on his estate, and he himself leaves for Moscow.

Deeply disappointed in her unfulfilled hopes, Lisa breaks off all relations with the secular world and goes to a monastery to find the meaning of life in suffering and prayer. Lavretsky visits her in the monastery, but the girl did not even look at him. Her feelings were revealed only by her fluttering eyelashes.

And Varenka again left for St. Petersburg, and then to Paris to continue her cheerful and carefree life there. “The Noble Nest”, the summary of the novel reminds us how much space in a person’s soul is occupied by his feelings, especially love.

Eight years later, Lavretsky visits the house where he once met Lisa. Fyodor again plunged into the atmosphere of the past - the same garden outside the window, the same piano in the living room. After returning home, he lived for a long time with sad memories of his failed love.

“The Noble Nest”, a brief summary of the work, allowed us to touch on some of the features of the lifestyle and customs of the Russian nobility of the 19th century.

The work “The Noble Nest” was written in 1858. Turgenev set himself the task of depicting a typical image of a Russian landowner's estate, in which the life of all the provincial nobility of that time took place. What was this society like? Splendor and wretchedness merged here into a single canvas of secular existence. The life of the nobles consisted of receptions, balls, trips to the theater, the pursuit of Western fashion, and the desire to look “worthy.” In this work, Turgenev revealed the concept of a “noble nest” not only as an estate of a noble family, but also as a social, cultural and psychological phenomenon.

This happened in 1842. On a fine spring day in the Kalitins’ house it becomes known that a certain Lavretsky is coming. This is a significant event for the city. Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky arrives abroad. He was in Paris, where he accidentally discovered the betrayal of his own wife, the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna. He broke off relations with her, and as a result of this she became famous in Europe.

The news is brought by a certain Gedeonovsky, a state councilor and a great man. The widow of the former provincial prosecutor Maria Dmitrievna, whose house is considered the most respected in the city, has sympathy for him.

“In her youth, Marya Dmitrievna enjoyed the reputation of a pretty blonde; and at fifty years old her features were not devoid of pleasantness, although they were a little swollen and blurred. She was more sensitive than kind, and retained her college habits until her mature years; she spoiled herself, became easily irritated and even cried when her habits were violated; but she was very affectionate and kind, when all her wishes were fulfilled and no one contradicted her. Her house was one of the most pleasant in the city.”

Maria Dmitrievna's aunt, seventy-year-old Marfa Timofeevna, does not like Pestov or Gedeonovsky, considering him a talker and a writer. Marfa Timofeevna generally doesn’t like anyone. For example, she does not at all favor the official from St. Petersburg on special assignments, the chamber cadet Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin, whom everyone loves so much. The first groom in the city, a wonderful gentleman who plays the piano so amazingly, and also composes romances, writes poetry, draws, and recites. He has a lot of talents, and he carries himself with such dignity!

Panshin arrived in the city on some mission. Often happens at the Kaliti's. They say he likes Lisa, Maria Dmitrievna's nineteen-year-old daughter. Surely he would have proposed long ago, but Marfa Timofeevna does not let him off the hook, considering that he is no match for Liza. And his music teacher, the no longer young Khristofor Fedorovich Lemm, also doesn’t like him. “Lemm’s appearance was not in his favor. He was short, stooped, with crooked shoulder blades and a retracted stomach, with large flat feet, with pale blue nails on the hard, unbending fingers of his sinewy red hands; his face was wrinkled, sunken cheeks and compressed lips, which he constantly moved and chewed, which, given his usual silence, gave an almost sinister impression; his gray hair hung in tufts over his low forehead; His tiny, motionless eyes smoldered dully like freshly lit coals; he walked heavily, throwing his clumsy body over at every step.” This unattractive German was very fond of his pupil Lisa.

In the city, everyone is discussing Lavretsky’s personal life and coming to the conclusion that he does not look too pitiful as expected. He behaves cheerfully, looks good, and is bursting with health. Only sadness hides in the eyes.

Lavretsky is a man of the type who is unusual in becoming slack. His great-grandfather Andrei was a tough, smart, cunning man, he knew how to stand up for himself and achieve what he needed. His wife was actually a gypsy, she had a quick-tempered character, it was fraught with offending her - she would always find how to take revenge on the offender. “Andrei’s son, Peter, Fedorov’s grandfather, was not like his father; he was a simple steppe gentleman, rather eccentric, loud and loud, rude, but not evil, hospitable and a canine hunter. He was over thirty years old when he inherited two thousand souls from his father in excellent order, but he soon dissolved them, sold part of his estate, spoiled his servants... Pyotr Andreich’s wife was a humble woman; he took her from a neighboring family, by his father's choice and order; her name was Anna Pavlovna... She brought with him two children: a son, Ivan, Fedorov’s father, and a daughter, Glafira.

Ivan was brought up by a rich old aunt, Princess Kubenskaya: she appointed him as her heir, dressed him like a doll, and hired him all kinds of teachers. After her death, Ivan did not want to stay in his aunt’s house, where he suddenly turned from a rich heir into a hanger-on. Involuntarily, he returned to the village, to his father. His birthplace seemed dirty, poor and trashy to him, and everyone in the house, except his mother, looked unfriendly. His father criticized him, “everything here is not like him,” he used to say, “he’s picky at the table, doesn’t eat, can’t stand the smell of people, the stuffiness, the sight of drunk people upsets him, don’t you dare fight in front of him either, doesn’t want to serve: he’s weak, you see.” , health; wow, you such a sissy!”

Hardening for life's troubles, obviously, passed from his ancestors to Fyodor Lavretsky. Even in infancy, Fedor had to endure trials. His father became involved with the maid Malanya, fell in love and wanted to tie his fate with her. His father was furious and disinherited him, ordering Malanya to be sent away. On the way, Ivan intercepted her and got married. He left her with his distant relatives, went to St. Petersburg himself, and then abroad. Malanya had a son. For a long time, the elder Lavretskys did not accept her, and only when Ivan’s mother was dying did she ask her husband to accept her son and his wife. Malanya Sergeevna appeared with little Fedor at the house of her husband’s parents. The latter came to Russia twelve years later, when Malanya had already died.

Fyodor was raised by his aunt Glafira Andreevna. This woman was terrible: angry and ugly, loving power and obedience. She kept Fyodor in fear. He was given to her to raise while his mother was still alive.

Upon his return, the father himself began raising his son. The boy's life has changed, but has not become easier. Now he wore a Scottish suit, he was taught mathematics, international law, heraldry and natural sciences, he was forced to do gymnastics, get up at four in the morning, douse himself with cold water, and then run around a pole on a rope. They fed him once a day. In addition, he was taught to ride a horse, shoot a crossbow, and when Fyodor turned seventeen, his father began to instill in him contempt for women.

A few years later, Fyodor's father died. Young Lavretsky went to Moscow, where he entered the university. Here the traits that were nurtured in him first by his evil, wayward aunt, then by his father, began to appear. Fedor did not find a common language with anyone. As for women, it was as if they did not exist at all in his life. He avoided them and was afraid.

The only person Fedor became friends with was a certain Mikhalevich. He wrote poetry and looked at life with enthusiasm. They became serious friends with Fedor. When Fyodor was twenty-six, Mikhalevich introduced him to the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna Korobina, and Lavretsky lost his head. Varvara was indeed good-looking, charming, educated, possessed many talents and could bewitch anyone, not just Fyodor. Because of this, he had to suffer in the future. Well, in the meantime there was a wedding, and six months later the newlyweds arrived in Lavriki.

Fedor did not graduate from university. Together with his young wife, he began family life. Aunt Glafira no longer ruled in his house. General Korobin, Varvara Pavlovna’s father, was appointed manager. The young family went to St. Petersburg.

Soon they had a son, but he did not live very long. Doctors advised the family to move to Paris to improve their health. So they did.

Varvara Pavlovna liked Paris immediately and forever. She conquers the French world and gains herself an army of fans. In society she is accepted as the first beauty of the world.

Lavretsky never even dreamed of doubting his wife, but a love note addressed to Varvara fell into his hands. The character of his ancestors awakened in Fyodor. In a rage, he first decided to destroy both his wife and her lover, but then he ordered a letter about an annual allowance for his wife and about the departure of General Korobin from the estate, and he himself went to Italy.

Abroad, Fyodor continued to hear rumors about his wife’s affairs. He learned that she had a daughter, possibly his daughter. However, by this time Fedor didn’t care anymore. For four years he lived in voluntary distance from everything that was in his former life. Then, however, he decided to return home to Russia, to his Vasilievskoye estate.

In his hometown, Lisa liked him from the first days. However, he himself imagined her to be Panshin’s lover, who did not leave her a single step. Lisa's mother openly said that Panshin could become Elizabeth's chosen one. Marfa Timofeevna desperately opposed this.

Lavretsky settled in his estate and began to live alone. He did housework, rode horseback, and read a lot. After some time, he decided to go to the Kalitins. This is how he met Lemm, with whom he became friends. In the conversation, old Lemm, who was rarely treated with respect, started talking about Panshin. He was sure that Lisa didn’t need this man, that she didn’t love him, her mother was urging her on. Lemm spoke poorly of Panshin as a person and believed that Liza simply could not love such a nonentity.

Lisa lost her father early, however, he took little care of her. “Swamped with affairs, constantly preoccupied with increasing his fortune, bilious, harsh, impatient, he did not skimp on giving money for teachers, tutors, for clothing and other needs of children; but he couldn’t stand, as he put it, babysitting squeaky babies, and he had no time to babysit them: he worked, tinkered with business, slept little, occasionally played cards, worked again; he compared himself to a horse harnessed to a threshing machine...

Marya Dmitrievna, in essence, was not much more concerned with Liza than her husband, although she boasted to Lavretsky that she raised her children alone; she dressed her like a doll, stroked her on the head in front of guests and called her smart and darling to her face - and that’s all: the lazy lady was tired of all the constant worries.” During her father's life, Lisa was in the arms of a Gufnante, the maiden Moreau from Paris; and after his death, Marfa Timofeevna took over her upbringing. Turgenev shows the typical attitude of parents towards children in the so-called “noble nests”.

Lisa and Lavretsky become closer. They communicate a lot, and it is obvious that there is mutual trust in their relationship. One day, in great embarrassment, Lisa asked Lavretsky why he broke up with his wife. In her opinion, it is impossible to break what God has united, and Lavretsky had to forgive his wife, no matter what she did. Lisa herself lives by the principle of forgiveness. She is submissive because she was taught this as a child. When Lisa was very little, her nanny named Agafya took her to church and told her about the life of the Blessed Virgin, saints and hermits. She herself was an example of humility and meekness, and a sense of duty was her main life principle.

Unexpectedly, Mikhalevich arrives in Vasilyevskoye, aged, obviously living poorly, but still burning with life. He “did not lose heart and lived as a cynic, an idealist, a poet, sincerely caring and lamenting about the fate of humanity, about his own calling - and caring very little about how not to die of hunger. Mikhalevich was not married, but he fell in love endlessly and wrote poems about all his lovers; he sang especially passionately about one mysterious black-haired woman<панну»... Ходили, правда, слухи, будто эта панна была простая жидовка, хорошо известная многим кавалерийским офицерам... но, как подумаешь -чразве и это не все равно?»

Lavretsky and Mikhalevich argue for a long time on the topic of happiness in life. What can give a person joy and bring him out of an apathetic existence? - this is the subject of their dispute. Lemm follows their train of thought without interfering in the discussion.

The Kalitins come to Vasilyevskoye. Lisa and Lavretsky communicate a lot, it is clear that they both enjoy it. They become friends, which they confirm when parting during a short dialogue.

The next day, Lavretsky, in order to keep himself busy, looks through French magazines and newspapers. One of them contains a message that the queen of fashionable Parisian salons, Madame Lavretskaya, died suddenly. Fyodor Ivanovich thus finds himself free.

In the morning he goes to the Kalitins to meet with Lisa and tell her the news. However, Lisa received him rather coolly, saying that he should think not about his new position, but about receiving forgiveness. In turn, Lisa says that Panshin proposed to her. She doesn't love him, but her mother persistently convinces her to marry him.

Lavretsky begs Lisa to think first, not to marry without love. “I only ask you one thing... don’t make up your mind right away, wait, think about what I told you. Even if you didn’t believe me, even if you decided to marry based on reason, then you shouldn’t marry Mr. Panshin: he can’t be your husband... Don’t you promise me not to rush?

Liza wanted to answer Lavretsky - and did not utter a word, not because she decided to “hurry”; but because her heart was beating too hard and a feeling similar to fear took her breath away.”

She immediately tells Panshin that she is not yet ready to give an answer and must think about it. That same evening she reported her words to Lavretsky, and then seemed to disappear for several days. When he asked what she decided regarding Panshin, Lisa avoided answering.

One day at a social event, Panshin begins to talk about the new generation. In his opinion, Russia has lagged behind Europe. As arguments, he cites, for example, the fact that even mousetraps were not invented in Russia. His anger and irritation are obvious; regarding the topic of conversation - Russia - Parshin shows contempt. Lavretsky enters into an argument, unexpectedly for everyone.

“Lavretsky defended the youth and independence of Russia; he sacrificed himself, his generation, but stood up for new people, for their beliefs and desires; Panshin objected irritably and sharply, declared that smart people should redo everything, and finally became so arrogant that, forgetting his rank as a chamber cadet and bureaucratic career, he called Lavretsky a backward conservative, and even hinted - albeit very distantly - at his false position in society."

As a result, Panshin and his arguments are defeated. He is irritated by this fact, especially because Liza clearly sympathizes with Lavretsky. In the argument, she accepted his point of view.

Lavretsky says that while there is bustle and numerous reforms around, he personally intends to plow the land as best and conscientiously as possible.

Lisa is offended and insulted that Panshin speaks about Russia in such a way. She completely moves away from him, but, on the contrary, feels strong sympathy for Lavretsky. She sees that they have a lot in common. The only discrepancy is the attitude towards God, but here too Lisa hopes that she will be able to introduce Lavretsky to the faith.

Lavretsky himself also feels the need to see Lisa, to be with her. The guests are leaving the social party, but Fyodor is in no hurry. He goes out into the night garden, sits down on a bench and calls out to Lisa as she passes by. As she approaches, he confesses his love to her.

After the confession, joyful and happy for the first time in a long time, Lavretsky returns home. In a sleeping city, he suddenly hears wondrous, alluring sounds of music. They pour out of Lemm's home. Lavretsky listens in fascination, and then, calling the old man, hugs him.

The next day, Lavretsky was overtaken by an unexpected blow - his wife returned. Her numerous things filled the entire living room, and she herself begs him to forgive her.

“ - You can live wherever you want; and if your pension is not enough for you...

Oh, don’t say such terrible words,” Varvara Pavlovna interrupted him, “spare me, although... although for the sake of this angel...” And, having said these words, Varvara Pavlovna quickly ran out into another room and immediately returned with the little one, a very elegantly dressed girl in her arms. Large brown curls fell over her pretty, ruddy face and over her large, black, sleepy eyes; she smiled and squinted from the fire, and rested her plump little hand on her mother’s neck.”

The daughter of Ada arrived with Varvara, and she forces her to also beg her father for forgiveness.

Lavretsky suggested that Varvara Pavlovna settle in Lavriki, but never count on renewing relations. She meekly agrees, but on the same day she goes to the Kalitins.

Meanwhile, the Kalitins had a final explanation between Lisa and Panshin. Varvara Pavlovna wins everyone over to the Jewish person, conducting small talk, and achieves the favor of Maria Dmitrievna and Panshin. Lisa's mother promises to help her reconcile with her husband. Among other things, Varvara hints that he has not yet forgotten “fee.” Lisa is very worried about this, but is trying to hold on with all her might.

“Lisa’s heart began to beat strongly and painfully: she could barely overcome herself, she could barely sit still. It seemed to her that Varvara Pavlovna knew everything and, secretly triumphant, was making fun of her. Luckily for her, Gedeonovsky spoke to Varvara Pavlovna and diverted her attention. Lisa bent over the embroidery frame and watched her furtively. “He loved this woman,” she thought. But she immediately drove the very thought of Lavretsky out of her head: she was afraid of losing power over herself; she felt that her head was quietly spinning.”

Lavretsky receives a note from Lisa asking for a visit and goes to the Kalitins. There he first of all sees Marfa Timofeevna. Thanks to her assistance, Fyodor and Lisa remain alone. Lisa says that now there is nothing left but to fulfill his duty, Fyodor Ivanovich must make peace with his wife. Now, she says, one cannot help but see that happiness depends not on people, but on God.

Lavretsky, at the invitation of a servant, goes to Marya Dmitrievna. She tries to persuade him to forgive his wife. She convinces him of her enormous repentance, then brings Varvara Pavlovna herself out from behind the screen, and they both beg him to have mercy. Lavretsky gives in to persuasion and promises that he will live with her under the same roof, but only on the condition that she does not leave the estate. The next morning he took his wife and daughter to Lavriki and a week later he left for Moscow.

The next day Panshin came to Varvara Pavlovna and stayed with her for three days.

Lisa, in a conversation with Marfa Timofeevna, says that she wants to go to a monastery. “I know everything, both my sins and those of others... I need to pray for all this, I need to pray for it. I feel sorry for you, sorry for your mother, Lenochka; but there is nothing to do; I feel that I can’t live here; I had already said goodbye to everything, bowed to everything in the house for the last time; something calls me back; I feel sick, I want to lock myself away forever. Don’t hold me back, don’t dissuade me, help me, otherwise I’ll leave alone...”

A year has passed. Lavretsky learned that Lisa had become a nun. She was now in a monastery located in one of the most remote regions of Russia. After some time, Lavretsky went there. Lisa clearly noticed him, but pretended not to recognize him. They didn't even talk.

Varvara Pavlovna soon moved to St. Petersburg, and then went back to Paris. Fyodor Ivanovich gave her a promissory note and bought her off from the possibility of a second unexpected attack. She has grown older and fatter, but is still sweet and graceful. She had a new lover, a guardsman, “a certain Zakurdalo-Skubyrnikov, a man of about thirty-eight, with an unusually strong build. French visitors to Ms. Lavretskaya’s salon call it “1e gros taureau de 1’Ukraine” (“fat bull from Ukraine”, French). Varvara Pavlovna never invites him to her fashionable evenings, but he enjoys her favor completely.”

Eight years passed, and Lavretsky again went to his hometown. Many people in the Kalitin house have already died. Everything in the house was now run by the young people, their younger sister Lisa and her fiancé. Through the noise and cheerful voices, Fyodor Lavretsky walked around the house, saw the same piano, the same furnishings that he remembered. He was overcome by “a feeling of living sadness about the disappeared youth, about the happiness that he once possessed.” In the garden, the same bench and the same alley reminded him of what was irretrievably lost. Only he no longer regretted anything, since he stopped wanting his own happiness.

“And the end? - a dissatisfied reader may ask. - And what happened to Lavretsky later? with Lisa? But what can we say about people who are still alive, but have already left the earthly field; why return to them?

It was not for nothing that this work was called “The Noble Nest”. The theme of such “nests” was close to Turgenev. With the greatest talent, he conveyed the atmosphere of such places, described the passions seething in them, worried about the fate of the heroes - Russian nobles, and predicted their prospects. This work confirms that this topic is respected in the writer’s work.

However, this novel cannot be called optimistic from the point of view of the fate of a particular “noble nest”. Turgenev writes about the degeneration of such places, which is confirmed by many elements: the heroes’ remarks, the description of the serfdom system and, in contrast, the “wild lordship”, idolatry of everything European, the images of the heroes themselves.

Using the example of the Lavretsky family, the author shows how the events of the era influence the formation of individuals living at that time. It becomes clear to readers that a person cannot live in isolation from what is happening on a large scale around him. He describes the characteristic features of the wild nobility, with its permissiveness and stereotyping, then moves on to denounce idolatry before Europe. All this is the history of one kind of Russian nobility, very typical for its time.

Moving on to the description of the modern noble family of the Kalitins, Turgenev notes that in this seemingly prosperous family, no one cares about Lisa’s experiences, the parents do not pay attention to the children, there is no trust in relationships, and at the same time, material things are highly valued. So, Lisa’s mother is trying to marry her off to a man she doesn’t love. A woman is guided by considerations of wealth and prestige.

Lavretsky's ancestors, the old gossip Gedeonovsky, the dashing retired captain and famous player of Panigin's father, the lover of government money, retired General Korobin - all these images symbolize time. It is obvious that numerous vices flourish in Russian society, and the “nests of the nobility” are deplorable places in which there is no place for the spiritual. Meanwhile, the aristocrats themselves consider themselves the best people. There is a crisis in Russian society.