Secondary members of the sentence. Direct and indirect objects in Russian

Addition. Types of additions and ways of expressing them.

A complement is a minor member of a sentence, usually expressing object relations. Οʜᴎ answer questions that coincide with questions of indirect cases.

Meaning. The meaning of an object is the most striking sign of a complement. In this case, the addition can express other meanings (subject, instrument of action, state): The teacher has set a task(teacher– subject of action in the passive context); He's sad (he's- subject of the state).

Means of expression. Morphologized object - a noun in the form of an indirect case, a pronoun. A non-morphologized addition must be expressed by different parts of speech: You're talking idle talk(adjective); He didn't understand what he read ( participle); I learned to play the violin(infinitive); I managed to see something dark, small(indivisible phrase); The commander did not particularly respect the weaker sex ( FE).

Position in a sentence. The addition is usually located after the word being distributed. In this case, inversion of additions in colloquial or poetic speech is possible.

Syntactic connection. The main type of subordinating connection between an addition and the main word is control (less often, adjacency) or free attachment to the entire predicative center (determinant). Most complements refer to one word, ᴛ.ᴇ. are non-deterministic. Only some semantically obligatory additions act as determinants: It's both painful and funny to him.

In relation to the semantic content of the sentence. Additions are semantically obligatory components of a sentence: He is in a cheerful mood.

Non-deterministic complements differ based on which word in the sentence they refer to, ᴛ.ᴇ. what parts of speech control them.

1. The most common and widespread are verb complements, since many verbs name an action that presupposes a particular object: build a house, build for workers, tell a friend, tell about an incident, chop with an ax.

2.Adjective additions. Οʜᴎ are rarely used, since only high-quality adjectives have the ability to manage, and not all of them: We lived in an ore-rich region. The region is poor in forests.

3.Adjuncts can refer to nouns. These are substantive additions. There are also few of them, since the complement should be used only with an abstract noun formed from a transitive verb or from a qualitative adjective. This means that in the phrase dress sleeve, house roof The relations are not objective, but attributive, since the distributed nouns are non-verbal. But in the phrase treatment of patients object relations. The common noun is formed from a strongly controlled direct transitive verb treat. If the noun refers to a strongly controlled but intransitive verb, then the addition acquires a defining connotation and syncretism appears: passion for music, thinking about my son.

4.Additions may refer to words in the status category: I felt sorry for Bela (Lermontov).

5.Additions can also apply to adverbs: far from home.

Types of add-ons. Traditionally, additions are divided into direct and indirect. The direct object expresses the meaning of the object to which the action directly passes. It must be expressed by a noun or pronoun in the accusative case without a preposition: I read a book and saw a horse. At the same time, the direct object must be expressed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case without a preposition with a negative predicate - a transitive verb: I haven't read this novel. And also a noun in the genitive case, expressing the meaning of “part of the whole”: drink tea, bring firewood. The remaining additions are indirect.

There is some disagreement in the linguistic literature regarding the boundaries of the use of direct and indirect objects. Some believe that the division of objects into direct and indirect concerns only verbal objects (Skoblikova). Others believe that direct objects also occur with words of the state category ( sorry for him) Still others believe that direct ones can include both adjectival and substantive complements.

The addition expressed by the infinitive is extremely important to distinguish from the part of the GHS, ᴛ.ᴇ. subjective infinitive from objective: I start to tell, I can tell, I was afraid to tell - I told to tell, asked to tell, helped to tell. The infinitive object has its own LP. In LZ there is neither modal nor phase meaning. Activities are indicated by different verbs. Such additions are ϶ᴛᴏ objective infinitive. A subjective infinitive can also act as a complement, when the subject of the action indicated by the complement coincides with the subject of the action of the verb being explained: agreed to correspond.

Addition. Types of additions and ways of expressing them. - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Addition. Types of additions and ways of expressing them." 2017, 2018.

Direct object- this is an addition in the form of V.p. without pretext. It refers to a verb and is used after transitive verbs:

I wash my hands.

A direct object can also be in the form of R.p. if:

· denotes a part of an object, a certain amount, for example, a little: drink water, eat soup;

· with a transitive verb there is a negation Not:did not build a new building, did not complete homework.

All other cases of complement are called indirect complement.

Definition. Agreed and inconsistent definition. Application

A definition is a minor member of a sentence, which depends on the subject, complement or circumstance, defines the attribute of the subject and answers the questions: which one? which? whose?

The definition can apply to words of different parts of speech: nouns and words formed from adjectives or participles by transitioning to another part of speech, as well as pronouns.

Agreed and non-agreed definition

Agreed Definition is a definition for which the type of syntactic connection between the main and dependent words is agreement. For example:

A dissatisfied girl was eating chocolate ice cream on the open terrace.

(girl(which?) unhappy, ice cream(which?) chocolate, on the terrace(Which?) open)

Agreed definitions are expressed by adjectives that agree with the words being defined - nouns in gender, number and case.

The agreed definitions are expressed:

1) adjectives: dear mother, beloved grandmother;

2) participles: laughing boy, bored girl;

3) pronouns: my book, this boy;

4) ordinal numbers: the first of September, by the eighth of March.

But the definition can be inconsistent. This is the name of a definition associated with the word being defined by other types of syntactic connections:

management

· adjacency

Inconsistent definition based on control:

Mom's book was on the nightstand.

Wed: bookmoms- mom'sbook
(mom'sbook– this is an agreed definition, type of connection: agreement, and bookmoms– uncoordinated, communication type – control)

Inconsistent definition based on adjacency:

I want to buy her a more expensive gift.

Wed: presentmore expensive- presentExpensive
(presentmore expensive– inconsistent definition, type of connection – adjacency, and presentExpensive– agreed definition, type of connection – agreement)

Inconsistent definitions also include definitions expressed by syntactically indivisible phrases and phraseological units.

A five-story shopping center was built opposite.

Wed: centerfive floors– five-storycenter
(centerfive floors– inconsistent definition, type of communication – control, and five-storycenter- agreed definition, type of communication - agreement)

A girl with blue hair entered the room.

(girlwith blue hair- inconsistent definition, type of communication – control.)

Different parts of speech can act as an inconsistent definition:

1) noun:

The bus stop has been moved.

(bus- noun)

2) adverb:

Grandma cooked the meat in French.

(French– adverb)

3) verb in indefinite form:

She had a knack for listening.

(listen- verb in indefinite form)

4) comparative degree of an adjective:

He always chooses the easier path, and she always chooses the more difficult tasks.

(take it easy, more difficult comparative degree of adjectives)

5) pronoun:

Her story touched me.

(her– possessive pronoun)

6) syntactically indivisible phrase

Application

A special type of definition is application. An application is a definition expressed by a noun that agrees with the word being defined in case.
Applications denote various characteristics of the subject, which are expressed by a noun: age, nationality, profession, etc.:

I love my little sister.

A group of Japanese tourists lived in the hotel with me.

A variety of applications are geographical names, names of enterprises, organizations, printed publications, works of art. The latter form inconsistent applications. Let's compare examples:

I saw the embankment of the Sukhona River.

(Sukhony- agreed application, words rivers And Sukhony stand in the same case.)

My son read the fairy tale “Cinderella”.

("Cinderella"- inconsistent application, words fairy tale And "Cinderella" stand in different cases.)

Circumstance

Circumstance- This is a minor member of a sentence, denoting a sign of action or another sign. Usually the circumstance depends on the predicate.

Since the meanings of circumstances are varied, circumstances are classified by meaning. Each value has its own questions.

Categories of circumstances by meaning
The following categories of circumstances are distinguished by meaning.

1. Mode of action - how? how?: The children laughed loudly.

2. Measures and degrees - how? to what extent?: We are tired to the point of exhaustion.

3. Places – where? Where? where from?: Everyone around was dancing. He looked into the distance. Father returned from work.

4. Time - when? how long? since when? How long? What time?: We waited to see the doctor for about ten minutes.

5. Conditions – under what conditions?: If desired, everyone can learn better.

6. Reasons - why? why?: Masha missed classes due to illness. We didn't go into the forest because of the rain.

7. Goals - why? for what?: She came to Yalta on vacation.

8. Concessions - no matter what? in spite of what?: Despite the fatigue, the mother was cheerful.

Circumstances are expressed

1) adverbs: fast, loud, fun;
2) nouns in the form of oblique cases with and without preposition: in the forest, by Tuesday, a week;
3) pronouns: in it, above it, under it;
4) gerunds and participial phrases: lying on the stove, you won’t find good luck;
5) indefinite form of the verb: I came to talk;
6) phraseological turn: he worked carelessly;
7) the circumstances of the course of action are expressed in comparative phrases: Quartz sand sparkled like February snow in the sun.

8. Separation, its general conditions

Isolation is the semantic and intonation separation of minor members in order to give them a certain syntactic independence in a sentence. The somantic-stylistic function of isolation is that the isolated members clarify the thought being expressed, specify the description of the action, give a more in-depth description of the person or object, and add expressive coloring to the sentence. Intonation emphasis is expressed in the fact that before an isolated member (if it is not at the beginning of a sentence), the voice is raised, a pause is made, and it is characterized by phrasal stress, characteristic of the intonation-semantic segments (syntagmas) into which the sentence is divided. In writing, isolated members are separated or highlighted with punctuation marks (commas, less often with a dash). Isolated members do not form phrases with defined words. Between the two, thanks to an additional affirmation or negation, semi-predicative relations are established, as a result of which the isolated members, in their semantic load, as well as in their intonation design, approach subordinate clauses, occupying an intermediate position between them and non-isolated members. Conditions of separation - these are the factors that favor the semantic and intonation emphasis of sentence members.

The most general and most obligatory condition of possibility separation is the absence of a close connection between the secondary member and the main word. First of all, this is manifested in the fact that separation only “optional” members of the sentence are allowed - those that are not necessary with the main word: definitions, applications, circumstances. On the contrary, those members of the sentence that are associated with the transfer of main, rather than additional, content are not subject to isolation. For example, definitions without which a noun is unable to fully designate an object or circumstance are not isolated: Instead of a cheerful life in St. Petersburg, boredom awaited me in a remote and distant side (A. Pushkin). Additions, which most often act as an obligatory part of the sentence, closely related to the main word, are also not subject to isolation.

Thus, the conditions separation- this is all that helps to weaken the connection with the main word and strengthen the semantic significance of the most minor member.

On separation influenced by syntactic, morphological and semantic conditions.

Syntactic conditions:

1. Word order: 1) inversion (reverse word order). There is normal (direct) and unusual (reverse) word order. Thus, with direct word order, the agreed definition comes before the word being defined, and the inconsistent definition comes after the word being defined; an additional action, called a gerund, comes after the main action, designated by the predicate. If a minor member of a sentence is placed in an unusual place in the sentence, then it stands out, is especially emphasized - its semantic significance is enhanced. Therefore, for example, among the agreed upon definitions, those that are worth after the word being defined, and among the circumstances expressed by single gerunds - standing before predicate. Wed: He ran without stopping And He ran without stopping.

2. Distant position of the secondary member of the sentence in relation to the main word (separation of the secondary member of the sentence from the main word): And again, cut off from the tanks by fire, the infantry lay down on a bare slope (M. Sholokhov). Such a separation of the definition from the word being defined is unusual and leads to an increase in its semantic weight. And this makes it necessary to isolate such a definition.

3. The volume of an isolated member (common members of a sentence are isolated more often than non-extended ones) or the presence of two or more homogeneous minor members: Compare: I brought a bucket full of dew from the forest (S. Marshak) And I spared no effort to fill the bucket full (S. Marshak).

4. A special semantic load, unusual for a given minor member of the sentence (the appearance of an additional meaning in the minor member), when the minor member explains not only the word to which it is directly subordinate, but also some other member of the sentence. For example, an agreed definition standing even before the word being defined (direct word order) is isolated if this definition has an additional adverbial meaning: Absorbed in his thoughts, the boy did not notice anything around him(the participial phrase standing before the word being defined is isolated here because it also has a circumstantial (causal) meaning).

Morphological conditions of separation:

Sometimes separation depends on the presence of a certain grammatical form or a function word of a certain lexical-grammatical category in the composition of the selected sentence member, i.e. separation in this case, it is associated with the morphological way of expressing the secondary member.

Participles, short forms of adjectives and participles that act as a definition, combinations with comparative conjunctions (comparative phrases), some combinations of nouns with prepositions, the presence of introductory words usually form separate secondary members. For example: When the letter was ready and I was about to seal it, the headman (V. Korolenko) entered, apparently angry. In this sentence, a single (non-extended) agreed definition angry, standing before the defined noun is isolated, since the introductory word refers to it apparently(which, by the way, is not separated by a comma from the definition).

Almost always (except for some special cases) circumstances expressed by gerunds and participial phrases are isolated.

Short forms of adjectives and participles in modern Russian have become entrenched in the function of the predicate. Relatively rarely (mainly in poetry) they are used as definitions (which relate to the subject), retaining the meaning of an additional predicate, which makes them separation mandatory, regardless of location: The air vibrates, is transparent and clean (N. Zabolotsky); Rich, good-looking, Lensky was accepted everywhere as a groom (A. Pushkin); At the usual hour she woke up, she got up by candlelight (A. Pushkin).

The comparative conjunction, as a rule, requires intonation highlighting of the phrase: The stuffy air is still, like the water of a forest lake (M. Gorky).

Semantic separation conditions:

The absence or presence of a close semantic and syntactic connection between a minor member of a sentence and the word to which it refers is sometimes determined by the semantics of the word being explained. The more specific and definite the meaning of a word, the less it needs to be disseminated, the weaker the connections with it of secondary members, which are therefore easily are isolated.

For example, personal pronouns “do not recognize” ordinary definitions; one cannot say: I'm attentive, he's angry(cf.: attentive student, angry person). Therefore, definitions related to the personal pronoun are always isolated: A he, rebellious, asks for a storm... (M. Lermontov).

If the word being defined is a proper noun or refers to kinship terms (mother, father, grandfather, grandmother etc.), then this can also contribute to the isolation of the definition: Grandfather, in grandma’s jacket, in an old cap without a visor, squints, smiling at something (M. Gorky).

Vice versa: with nouns that are too general in meaning (person, thing, expression, matter and so on), the definitions form a single whole, because a noun without a definition cannot participate in the formation of a statement, for example:

This misconception is common even l smart and educated people; Funny, touching and tragic things happened (V. Astafiev)- definitions in these sentences are necessary to express the main (and not additional) message.

9. Homogeneous members of the sentence. The question of homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.

Homogeneous members of the sentence- main or minor members of a sentence, associated with the same word form and performing the same syntactic function. Homogeneous members are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration, as a rule, they are located contactally (immediately one after the other) and often allow rearrangement. However, rearrangement is not always possible, since the first in a series of homogeneous members is usually called that which is primary from a logical or chronological point of view or is more important for the speaker.

The presence of homogeneous members complicates a simple sentence. It is also noted that a significant part of sentences complicated by homogeneous members can be presented as the result of a “coordinating abbreviation” of a number of independent sentences or a compound sentence: rus. Misha went out for a walk, and Masha went out for a walk - Misha And Masha went out for a walk .

Homogeneous members- These are sentence members that usually answer the same question and are associated with the same word in the sentence.

Homogeneous members- these are identical parts of a sentence, united with each other by a coordinating connection.

Homogeneous members can be both main and secondary members of a sentence.

For example: ForesthumusAndmoss absorbthis rainslowly, thoroughly(Paustovsky). This sentence has two rows of homogeneous members: homogeneous subjects humus And moss correspond to one predicate – absorb; homogeneous circumstances of the course of action slowly, thoroughly depend on the predicate ( absorb(How?) slowly, thoroughly).

2. Homogeneous members are usually expressed by the same part of speech.

Wed: humus And moss– nouns in the nominative case.

But homogeneous members can also be morphologically heterogeneous:

A young man came intwenty-five years old, resplendent in health, . In this sentence, among homogeneous definitions, the first is expressed by a noun phrase in the genitive case ( twenty-five years old), the second – participial phrase ( resplendent in health), the third – a combination of three nouns in the instrumental case with a preposition With with dependent participle ( with laughing cheeks, lips and eyes).

Note. Sometimes a coordinating connection can also connect opposite parts of a sentence, for example: Unknownwho and how spread the news of the death of old Sokjoy throughout the taiga(Fedoseev). Conjunctive words in a subordinate clause are different members of the sentence (subject Who and the circumstance of the course of action How, but they are connected by a coordinating conjunction And ).

Note!

The following are not homogeneous members of the sentence:

1) repeated words used to emphasize the multitude of objects, the duration of an action, its repetition, etc.

We seemed to be floating in the air andspinning, spinning, spinning ; White fragrant daisies run under his feetback, back (Kuprin).

Such combinations of words are considered as a single member of the sentence;

2) repeating identical shapes connected by a particle not this way : believe it or not, try, don’t try, write like this, write like this, work like this, work like this;

3) combinations of two verbs, the first of which is lexically incomplete: I'll take it and tell you, I took it and complained, I'll go and have a look and so on.;

4) stable combinations with double conjunctions, between which there is no comma (!):

neither back nor forward, neither for anything nor about anything, neither fish nor fowl, nor sleep nor spirit, and laughter and sin, and this way and that and etc.

3. Homogeneous members are connected by intonation (non-union connection) and coordinating conjunctions or only by intonation. If homogeneous members are separated by a comma, then commas are placed only between them. There are no commas before the first homogeneous term and after the last homogeneous term (!).

A sign or serving as its instrument. There is a distinction between direct and indirect objects. Direct the complement denotes the object directly involved in the action. The criteria for its identification are different in different languages. In is expressed accusative without, combined only with verbs. Depending on the nature of the action, such an object can be external (unchangeable): “buy a house”, “throw a stone”, and internal (resultative): “build a house”, “crush a stone”. A type of internal object is an object of content (“cognate addition,” figura etymologica), i.e., an object, as if extracted from the action itself: “think a thought,” “cry out a cry,” “grief grief.” An object denoting the subject of speech, thought, perception (“to report news”, “to plot a crime”, “to see a ship”) is called deliberative.

Indirect the addition is expressed by a noun in indirect cases with and without prepositions. Associated with the concept of indirect object is the idea of ​​an object affected by an action not directly (cf. “report the news” and “... about the news”) and not completely, but partially (cf. “drink water” and “... water”) . The indirect object may also be associated with the idea of ​​a smaller object (cf.: “wait for the train” as opposed to “wait for the train”) and of its peculiar activity (cf.: “be scared of the dog”, “be happy for your son”, where the object is specific stimulates the activity of the subject). In classical linguistics, the concept of indirect object covers various types of object meanings.

In particular, there is a distinction between the objects at which the action is aimed (“ask for bread”, “to achieve success”) and from which it is sent or evaded (“to lose an inheritance”, “to avoid a quarrel”); recipient objects (“smile at a child”, “help a neighbor”); object-tools (“reap with a sickle”, “conquer with beauty”). In the structure of the utterance, all types of objects are in principle compatible and hierarchically ordered: “tell friends (O - addressee) the truth (deliberative direct O) about the war (deliberative indirect O) in the words of an eyewitness (gun indirect O)”, and some objects are associated with the verb as the core of the message is more obligatory, others - less obligatory connection.

• A type of addition is sometimes considered to be a member of a sentence, expressed and denoting a dependent verb feature (“hope to rest”, “promise to help”, “be afraid of making a mistake”, “convince to stay”). With an even broader understanding of the addition, it also includes various types of subordinate clauses associated with the main explanatory relations (“I want to be helped,” “I know that they will help me,” “I’m afraid I might make a mistake”). In school grammars, along with verbal additions, adjective additions are distinguished, which in most cases are derived from verbs, cf.: “read a book” and “reading a book”, “love the homeland” and “love for the homeland”, “thirst for glory” and “ thirst for glory”, “fill with content” and “filled with content”. Shakhmatov
• A. A., Syntax of the Russian language, 2nd ed., Leningrad, 1941;
• Grammar of the Russian language, vol. 2, part 1, M., 1954; M., 1960; Peshkovsky
• A. M., Russian syntax in scientific coverage, 7th ed., M., 1956; Jespersen
• O., Philosophy of Grammar, trans. from English, M., 1958; Gabuchan

K.V., Addition, in the book: Russian language. Encyclopedia, M., 1979.

Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. V. N. Yartseva. 1990 .

Antonyms:

See what “Addition” is in other dictionaries:

ADDITION- ADDENDUM, additions, cf. (book). 1. Action under Ch. complement complement. He was involved in adding and correcting old articles for the collection. || A part added to clarify or correct what was previously written. In the new circular... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

addition- See addition, addition in addition... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. addition augmentation, replenishment, addition, addition, additive, allowance, increase, ... ... Synonym dictionary

ADDITION- a minor member of a sentence, expressing the relationship of one subject of thought to another, named by a verb (verb object) or a name (nominal object). The function of addition is predominantly played by the indirect case of the name (with... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ADDITION- ADDENDUM, I, Wed. 1. see add. 2. What n. added, addition. D. to the resolution. In d. (in addition to nothing else). Additions to clothing (ties, belts, scarves, bags, jewelry). 3. In grammar: minor member of a sentence... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

1's complement- reverse code bitwise complement - [L.G. Sumenko. English-Russian dictionary on information technology. M.: State Enterprise TsNIIS, 2003.] Topics information technology in general Synonyms reverse code bit complement EN one s complement ...

ADDITION- (document amendment) (rider) An American term meaning a clause or condition added in addition to an important bill, but not directly related to its contents. In most cases, such additional items would not be included in... ... Political science. Dictionary.

Addition- 1. The same as addenda, additional text with clarifications, changes or new considerations, placed by the author after the work or its part (section), when introducing new material into a previously written text is either impractical (required... ... Publishing dictionary-reference book

ADDITION- (Supplement), Poland, 2001, 108 min. A film about choosing a calling in life and attitude towards faith. The main character rushes in search of his calling between the monastery and everyday life, in which he has a girlfriend and brother. Cast: Pavel Okraska, Monika... ... Encyclopedia of Cinema

Addition- ADDITION. A grammatical term denoting a noun in the indirect case, as part of a sentence. In some traditional grammars, the term D. is used in a narrower sense to designate a noun in the indirect case,... ... Dictionary of literary terms

ADDITION- (complement) A product for which the demand changes in the same direction as the demand for some other goods whose prices have changed. For example, an increase in the price of bread can lead to a decrease in demand for it; if at the same time the demand for... ... Dictionary of business terms

addition- The structural part of the main text, composed of materials allocated by the author for placement at the end of the work or its section. [GOST R 7.0.3 2006] Subjects of the publication, main types and elements Generalizing terms parts and elements of the text... ... Technical Translator's Guide

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Lesson objectives: enriching the vocabulary of learning with new words, mastering theoretical material, the ability to find direct and indirect additions in a sentence, developing personal competencies, instilling a love of poetry.

Lesson type: synthetic

Lesson type: lesson experiment

Visibility: posters, markers

During the classes

I. Organizational moment (1-2 min)

a) greeting (slide No. 3): Hello! In different countries they say hello in their own way: And in one of the African tribes, when meeting, they say: “I see you”:
b) autogenic training: everyone says to himself the phrase “I am the best!”

II. Homework survey: read an essay on the topic “Russian folk traditions”

III. New topic: Direct and indirect object

1. The teacher's word.

Dear students! Today we have an unusual lesson that will take place in a creative workshop. You must conduct an experiment and determine what the topic of today's lesson is. (There is a white poster on the board on which students must write the topic of the lesson after they have carried out a linguistic experiment and made a conclusion.)
But before we start studying, we must plant a tree of expectations, i.e. Each student writes their expectations from this lesson on pieces of paper and attaches them to the tree. (Tree of expectations. Slide No. 4)

2. Brainstorming (Slide No. 5). Question: What is the topic of our lesson?

Supporting concepts: main members of a sentence, secondary members of a sentence, subject, predicate, object, indirect and direct object.
Mukagali Makataev, teacher of the Russian language, lyrics, Dante, Shakespeare (Among these concepts, the new ones are: direct and indirect objects, Mukagali Makataev. Based on the new concepts, students come to the consensus that in the lesson we will talk about direct and indirect objects, and Also, the lexical topic will be devoted to the work of Mukagali Makataev.)

3. Teacher: What did we talk about in the last lesson?

Pupils: We studied the topic “Addition”

(Students, answering this question, write the definition of an addition on a reference poster. The remaining terms related to the new topic are entered by students in this reference book!)

An addition is a minor member of a sentence that answers questions about indirect cases. (Slide No. 6)

4. Linguistic experiment (slide 7

Here are some examples: (syntactic five minutes)

In russian language:

At the fair you can buy a woven basket and a patchwork rug.

Masters showed how to make a toy from a tire

In Kazakh language:

Tura zhane zhanama tolyktauysh

1) Balans of okytudy zhek kormedim (Tabys septic tura tolyktauysh)
2) Qulak estigendi koz koredi
3) Oner – white bar zhurttar (Neden? Shygys septic tank, zhanama)
Tastan barn salgyzdy (Y. Altynsarin)
4) Zhylkyda ot zhok, oser malda olim zhok (Zhatys septic) zhanama tolyktauysh

In English:

Direct, indirect and prepositional objects
1) I wrote a letter (direct)
I wrote a letter
2) I wrote a letter to him (whom?) (indirect)
3) I spoke about him (prepositional object)
(I talked about him)

(Students find additions in sentences, since they speak three languages, students make a comparison and draw a conclusion: there are two types of additions in the Kazakh language, three types of additions in English, and how many in Russian?)

5. The linguistic experiment in the creative workshop continues (slide 8)

Explain why the phrases are divided into two columns?

After writing down examples, students determine the case forms of nouns and indicate the transitivity of verbs. On the student reference poster they write:
Transitive verbs denote actions directly and necessarily aimed at some object. The action denoted by this verb presupposes one or another object (house, dam, factory, etc.) and is impossible without it. The object to which the action of a transitive verb passes is always expressed in the accusative case form without a preposition.
Sometimes the direct object of a transitive verb is in the genitive case: when denoting a partial object, when negating.
Intransitive verbs denote actions that are not directed at any object. They have the meaning of position in space, state, sound: sitting, grieving, barking, etc. In accordance with their meaning, they cannot control the form of the accusative case without a preposition.

6. Presentation of the directory (9 slide).

On the reference poster, students write case forms in two columns, which are necessary for transitive and intransitive verbs. Then they draw a conclusion about direct and indirect additions and write the topic of the lesson on a blank poster.
The direct object refers to a transitive verb and is expressed in the accusative form, less often - in the genitive form without a preposition. All other additions are called indirect.

7. Selective exercise.

1. My grandmother loves collecting medicinal plants. 2. My sincerity amazed Pugachev. 3. Give me some milk, please. 4. Son, buy some bread at the store. 5. They said there would be no water during the day. 6. I don't like your jokes. 7. To achieve a goal, you have to work hard. 8. The patient lost sleep. 9. Many composers devoted their entire lives to music. 10. I will not allow anyone to deceive me. 11. We melt tin and drive cars. 12. The old man was catching fish with a seine. 13. From newspapers and old magazines I learned about the life of other cities, other peoples. 14. Not a single holiday passes without music and songs. 15.I went to the city with a friend. 16. Dulat plays chess well.

8. Work according to the table (Slide No. 10)

Students consolidate their knowledge of direct and indirect objects using a table.

9. Phonetic exercise (or speech exercise) the hiss of a snake; rustle of leaves; the wind howls; a crow croaks. (Slide No. 11)

(Students must pronounce words, performing the actions listed above, for example: the hiss of a snake - s-s-sun, ts - ts- flower, s - s - light; the wind howls - pere - y - y- street, y - y- street, chance; a crow croaks - kar- kar- picture, kar- kar- cardboard, kar- kar- caricature.
This phonetic charge serves as a bridge for the transition to the lexical topic “Mukagali Makataev”.

Teacher: Do you think this method is used?(i.e. repetition of the same sounds) poets in poems? What is it called?

Students: This method is called alliteration. It is often used by poets. Alliteration is the repetition of identical consonant sounds in poetic speech, one of the types of sound writing. Alliteration highlights individual words and lines, which therefore become especially expressive:

The echo roars across the mountains,
Like thunder rolling over thunder.
(G. Derzhavin. Waterfall.)

(“A brief dictionary of literary terms.” L.I. Timofeev, S.V. Turaev)

Teacher: Today we will get acquainted with the life and work of Mukagali Makataev (Slide No. 12). This is a famous Kazakh poet. His poems occupy an important place in Kazakh literature. Mukagali Makataev also wrote poetry in Russian. He worked as a Russian language teacher. And now you must read the text about him, observing the rules of pronunciation.

Exercise 4 from the textbook “Russian Speech” edited by G. Badambaeva.

One of the most talented Kazakh poets Mukagali Makataev lived only 45 years (1931-1976). He was born in the Narynkol district of the Alma-Ata region. Teachers gathered in his house, and his readers simply came to the poet. In the evenings we often discussed poetry and talked about poetry. For the first time, the Kazakh teacher was introduced to the work of Makataev in 1966 in the newspaper “Kazakh Adebieti” by the oldest poet of our republic, Abdilda Tazhibaev.
The formation of Makataev, a poet, was greatly influenced by the oral poetry of the Kazakh people, his love for which manifested itself in childhood. On long winter evenings, the future poet loved to listen to stories, legends, and songs by the fireplace.
Mukagali Makataev translated the works of Dante, Shakespeare and other classics of foreign literature into Kazakh.

10. Lexical corner: working with new words - discussed, influence, legends.

Make up sentences with new words. Decline nouns.

11. Working with text: Reprint the text on paper in small print and hang it on the board.

Divide the class into two groups and ask them to close their books. Each group should
restore text in notebooks. To do this, two students write, and the rest of the students, having read one sentence at a time at the board, approach the student who is writing and dictate the sentence they read from memory. The group that is the first to restore the text without errors and (underline the addition in the sentences) deserves an award.
(This type of work allows students to develop memory, and also gives students the opportunity to move around in class)

12. Problem from “Teddy Bear”: find the addition.

The bullfighter put on a sombrero.
Sombrero put on Torero.
Answer: Sombrero (from Spanish) is a wide-brimmed hat with a high cone-shaped crown and usually with the edges of the brim rounded upward.

13. Structural discussion on the topic: “Do modern youth read fiction?” (Slide No. 13 )

Students express their opinions from the point of view of optimists, pessimists, and realists. Observers and the analyst evaluate the statements.

14. Lesson summary: Tree with results.(Slide No. 14)

Students write their reviews on pieces of paper and attach them to the tree. The teacher compares expectations with the results obtained.

15. Homework: write about your favorite poet, using direct and indirect objects.