Living Russian letter. Writing words with unpronounceable consonants

Today the weather is stormy

And I'm so unhappy.

The rain is absolutely terrible.

It would soon become clear again

And the red sun would shine,

And it would be wonderful all around!

Nobody likes rainy weather because you can't go out and play with your friends. What to do while sitting at home when it’s raining outside? Maybe study how unpronounceable consonants at the root of words are written?

Rule

To correctly write such words, you need to learn the rule:

Let's apply it to the words from the poem:

Today the weather is inclement T ye),

And I'm so unhappy (unfortunately) T e).

The rain is falling absolutely terrible (terrible - no T).

It would soon become clear again (clear - no T),

And the sun would shine red (red - no T),

And it would be wonderful all around (wonderful - no T)!

This helps to check the unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word. It is very simple, you must learn it by heart.

Choose a test word

Let's play the test word game. For each of the examples below, select a test cognate word

• famous, messenger, agenda (news, message, news, message);
• sad (sadness, be sad);
• hello (health, health, healthy);
• starry (star, asterisk);
• cabbage (cabbage);
• locality (place, place);
• inclement (inclement weather);
• late (to be late, late);
• joyful (joy);
• whistle (whistle, whistle);
• heart (heart, heart);
• sun (sunny);
• reed (reed);
• participant (participation);
• honest (honor);
• dangerous (fear);
• wonderful (miracles);
• terrible (terrible);
• interesting (interesting).

Second graders begin to study the unpronounceable consonants at the roots of words. 2nd grade should already be able to select test words.

Video on the topic

Words to remember with unpronounceable consonants

It is not always possible to apply the rule. There are words in which the unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word cannot be checked. They are called dictionary, their spelling needs to be learned:

• staircase - a series of steps or rungs;
• holiday - a day when a significant event is celebrated;
• feelings - internal experience, emotional state;
• peers - people of the same age;
• peers is a synonym for the word "peers".

Find words that have unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word

It is necessary to develop the ability to find words with unpronounceable consonants among others. This requires training. Here are sentences, find words in them with unpronounceable consonants.

These sentences use words with different spellings, among them “Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word”, examples of such words: messenger, joyful, charming, wonderful, beautiful, starry, cabbage, agenda, late, reeds, localities.

Divide the words into two groups

Words for distribution: ne...y (heavenly), svi...y (whistle), dreve...y (woody), kol...y (wheeled), must...y (oral), inter...y (interesting), hru...ut ( crunch), zap...oh (spare), viru...y (viral), glad...y (joyful), consonant (consonant), ko...y (bone).

This task helps develop the ability to classify words according to their orthographic characteristics: whether there is an unpronounceable consonant at the root of the word or no unpronounceable consonant.

Puzzles

Let's play riddles. You need to guess and write down the last word in the sentence:

• At dawn, _______________(sun) peeks through the window.
• My love will open the door in your ____________(heart).
• On a frosty night, lights burn in the _____________ (starry) sky.
• He is a known truth-teller, he will not tolerate lies, because he is __________ (honest).

This task will be interesting to complete when studying the topic “Unpronounceable consonants at the root of a word.” 3rd graders will cope with this work easily and fun.

Mini dictations

Now let's write a little dictation. Choose any:

It's a beautiful morning! It just rained. The cabbage beds are washed and fresh. The sun's rays warm up, and the damp earth smells good. My heart is happy from this beautiful morning. Hello summer!

Unsuccessful hunt

The hunt was unsuccessful. It was a stormy day. The sun disappeared behind the clouds, and a sad light rain began to fall. We got out of the forest. The area was known to us. The village herd grazed on this pasture in the summer. A shepherd's hut was visible nearby. We will rest in it after an unsuccessful hunt.

Spring came

The stormy days are over and spring has come. The birds are singing cheerfully, the sun is warming, the streams are babbling joyfully. The area was covered with grass, lilies of the valley bloomed under the trees. The buds on the trees opened. Hello Spring!

All these dictations are intended to test knowledge on the topic “Unpronounceable consonants at the root of words.” 3rd grade should cope with such tasks.

Insert words in the text

There was a very interesting text, but the letter-eating beetle ate some of the letters in the words. What to do? It is necessary to return the original form to words that have unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word.

A famous writer wrote a story about a prince who was invincible in battles. The word...the portrait speaks of the weak...character and terrible appearance of the prince. This prince took part in the campaign and was exposed to dangers. He himself was so cruel that he only spared one old man once.

One day after the victory, he arranged a festive feast. The table was bursting with delicious...i..tv. But the joyful feast was interrupted. The social...ce hid behind the clouds and there was a storm of... A strong wind blew, thunder roared, and lightning flashed. The prince felt severe pain, and then fell to the ground unconscious. Groo... but this story would have ended, but then a sorcerer appeared. He was the same age as the century. This old magician miraculously revived the prince and said: “Hello, prince! You once saved me from death, I returned the debt to you!

Let's make sentences from words

When everyone has learned to write a dictation, you can move on to a more complex task - composing sentences. To do this, we use words that contain the studied spelling “Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word.” Examples of such words: at a school festival, joyful faces, concert participants, beautiful flowers, a beautiful area, a famous writer, an interesting story, heralds of spring, late autumn, inclement weather, a sad look.

With these words you can make, for example, the following sentences:

By creating sentences using words that have an unpronounceable consonant at the root of the word, third graders remember them best.

A) Wonderful view
B) Unfamiliar area
C) Heavenly vault
D) Festive procession
E) Honor the hero of the day

32. Variant in which there is a word with an unpronounceable consonant
A) Skilled master
B) Wonderful view
C) Unbearable character
D) Bony brain
E) Reserve football player

33. Indicate a word with an unpronounceable consonant
A) Delicious
B) Dangerous
C) Sad...
D) Wonderful
E) Wonderful

34. Indicate which phrase uses capital letters correctly
A) State Tretyakov Gallery
B) State Tretyakov Gallery
C) State Tretyakov Gallery
D) State Tretyakov Gallery
E) State Tretyakov Gallery

35. Which nouns are written with a capital letter?
A) Own
B) Common nouns
C) Animated
D) Inanimate
E) Feminine nouns

36. Find your own name
A) Balkhash
B) Class
C) Office
D) Resort
E) Rink

37. Enclosed in quotation marks
A) Animal names
B) Last name, first name, patronymic
C) Names of countries, cities, villages
D) Names of rivers, lakes, mountains
E) Titles of literary works

38. Identify a common noun among proper nouns
A) Sergeev
B) Petrov
C) Ivanov
D) Teacher
E) Nikitin

39. Indicate a proper name: In the fifth grade among us
Atanas is the funniest of all
A) In the fifth
B) Everyone
C) Funnier
D) Atanas
E) In class

40. Indicate the word with the correct hyphenation
A) Pencil-ash
B) Stol
C) Take
D) Book-yoke
E) School

41. Define the word with correct word hyphenation
A) K-vacations
B) Vacations
C) Kan-ikul
D) Holidays
E) The word cannot be transferred

42. In what variant is word hyphenation possible?
A) Beam
B) Mother
C) Daughter
D) Mouse
E) Mine

43. In which variant is word hyphenation impossible?
A) Notebook
B) Tram
C) Thing
D) Route
E) Yours

44. Define the word in two syllables
A) Pencils
B) Tram
C) Thing
D) Carpet
E) Bus

45. In which word is the soft sign used incorrectly?
A) family
B) play
C) serious
D) entrance
E) blizzard

46. ​​Insert ъ and ь where necessary:
ad...yutant, inter...yu, lo...on, s...save, in...explainable.
A) ъ, ь, ь, *, ъ
B) ъ, ъ, *, ъ, ь
C) ъ, ь, ь, ъ, ь
D) ь, ь, ь, *, ъ
E) *, *, ъ, ь, ъ

46. ​​In which word is ь written?
A) conflagration... glow
B) the joy of meeting...
C) green pastures...
D) bitterness... of separation
E) got married...

47. Specify a word with a soft sign at the end
A) burning...
B) good...
C) married...
D) really...
E) trembling...

48. Indicate the option in which there is a word without ь (soft sign) after the pinch:
A) Power...
B) Luxury...
C) Beam...
D) Berech...
E) Jump...

49. Indicate the option in which there is a word without ь (soft sign) after the pinch:
A) Rare...
B) Laughing...
C) Executioner...
D) Jump...
E) You're crying...

news, fame, famous; late, late, be late; reed, reed; holiday, festive, idle, celebrate; lips (lips), oral, oral; honestly, honor, honest.
write down the words in this order: first slavo, in which all consonant sounds are pronounced (test word), then words of the same root with unpronounceable consonants. select the root.

In modern spelling the rule is formulated as follows:

In order for the meaning of a word not to be destroyed, its constituent parts (root, etc.) or syllables must be preserved intact. For example:

Co l ntse - with l lateSo-La on Che" - in the meaning of "general environment, or energy for people."

Ser d tse - ser d everlasting. Ancient semantic decoding of the word: “ Sereda Che" - in the meaning of "the middle of a person", despite the fact that C = H.

Pos d niy - opoz d at. Ancient semantic decoding of the word: “ By ZaDa...” - in the meaning “by the fact that after what is available, given...”.

Grus T ny - sad T it. Chas T ny - ches T b.

In both cases the root contains the sound combination “ st ", which in ancient full sound is reconstructed into " SoTa" - in the meaning of "combination, solid, stable connection."

See the omission of any letter is equivalent to the loss of an ancient meaningful syllable, i.e. destruction of the meaning of the word.

And when they talk about “exceptions,” the first thing that comes to mind is the banal phrase that in the Russian language there are more exceptions than rules. This, of course, suggests that complete formalization of the Russian language is impossible in principle. It seems that this has been seen especially clearly now, with the attempt to “computerize” the Russian language. If at school, at the very least, they push people to the level of “C”, to mediocrity, then computer “spelling” (or spelling check) completely pushes people to the level of thoughtlessness (or dementia).

Secondly, now we often have to deal with the limitations of the modern formal (symbolic, flat) approach to the volumetric, multidimensional Living Russian Language, when modern linguistics is not able to convincingly and logically explain even some simple phenomena, writing them off as “exceptions to the rule” .

For example:

Bleu With no(Although shine, sparkle), Ple With no(Although splash), Le st face down(Although ladder).

This happens when meanings are lost, and “inexplicable” phenomena begin to be explained by “destructions” or artificial justifications. For example, they say that in such words there has historically been a simplification of consonant groups, such as: ble s(t, k) no.

But at the same time, they don’t want to think about the ancient state of the Language, when the roots of words were identified not formally, rigidly, unambiguously, but very flexibly, in meaning, taking into account the scope of the context.

That's why we shouldn’t be talking about “ simplification of consonant clusters", but about the different semantic content of a word in context.

For example, if " LeS“- this, in the sense of the speech sounds that make up the word, is “a harmonious structure of ascending energy.” And here " B-Les-T" - this is a "steadily directed forest in all directions", i.e. glowing, shining. When T changes to TO, it turns out " Bles-K"(at the end there is a reduced sound O), i.e. “luminous shell of LeS” or its radiance.

The same semantic nuances, each relevant in its own place according to meaning, in the case of: Splash(model of ancient form " Po-Les-N…") And Splash (« Po-Les-Co»).

Exactly the same in case Le st face down And Le With enka the conversation will not be about “alternation” S - ST”or simplification, but that the modern Russian language has lost the ancient meaning of the word “Forest”. The forest is not land overgrown with trees", as is considered in the modern dictionary, and above all, in meaning, " rising energies" That is why in fairy tales, in order to move to another world, they climbed the “world tree” or simply “a tall tree, up to the sky,” i.e. " climbed through the forest", hence " ladder(or ladder)", hence " Lesina(or ladder)". With different semantic nuances.

As a result, it turns out that there were “exceptions” to the formal rule about unpronounceable consonants in words, due to a misunderstanding or to deliberately confuse (so that there would be room for confusion and stumbling for students searching for meaning who do not understand what their teachers want from them!) , which have nothing to do with the rule in question.

By the way, the same situation with the words: shine And gloss, sink And drip, perish And perish.

They cannot be considered within the same rule as unpronounceable consonant sounds.

But there is no longer any particular need to substantiate each case in detail, as was done from above. It is clear without this.

The only bad thing is that the modern formal (meaningless or meaningless) approach gives rise to a thoughtless attitude towards writing, i.e. when there are many schoolchildren and school graduates unpronounceable consonants are sought where they are not and cannot be, for example, in words such as:

miracle sn wow (wonderful), oh sn y (dangerous), beautiful sn y (beautiful), delicious sn y (delicious)…

Statistically, the following words are misspelled more often: what stv ovate (honor), teach stv to participate (participate)…

But cases with foreign words are simply suggested to be remembered:

leatherette, incident, precedent, transcendental...

Although they are also understandable in meaning, we try to pay attention mainly to the words and spellings of the Living Russian Language.

Now about distinguishing words that seem similar in pronunciation but have different origins and meanings:

In these examples, you need to see, first of all, the composition of the words (root, etc.)!

Well, a few examples with foreign words:

And, finally, about one more case in which a mistake is often made, not noticing either the formal composition of the word or the meaning of the word.

Sometimes consonants play hide and seek with us. They are not pronounced, but are written in a notebook. Lesson topic: “Rule for checking the spelling of words with unpronounceable consonants.”

Good word Hello I told you. " I wish you good health!“This is how the military greet each other. What did the word mean? health? Health is health. And to be healthy meant to be healthy and to live, to be alive. Therefore, our greeting is hello! means: be healthy and live, be alive.

Hello, hello- this is how these words are written, since there is a related word health (health).

And we pronounce these words differently: hello, hello.

Some sounds of the Russian language are difficult to pronounce when there are several other consonants next to them. So they decided to write letters in place of these sounds, but not pronounce the sounds.

There are many words in the Russian language that contain three consonant sounds in a row. One consonant sound out of three is not pronounced. Such consonant sounds are called unpronounceable.

Let's read the words with the same root. Let's find words in which not all consonant sounds are pronounced.

News, news, messenger, known, known.

The sound [t] is not pronounced in the words ve [s’n’]ik, izve[sn]y, izve[sn]o.

The root -west- is spelled the same in words with the same root.

Sad, sad, sad, sad.

The sound [t] is not pronounced in the words gru[sn]o, gru[sn]y. The root -sad- is written the same way.

The letter that denotes an unpronounceable consonant sound will be underlined with one line. This is a spelling.

messenger - news

sad - sadness

In these words you can clearly hear the sound [t’] at the end of the word. Let's underline the letter in the test word with two strokes.

messenger - news

sad - sad

In these words the sound [t’] is clearly heard, since after the consonant sound there is a vowel. Let's underline these letters with two strokes.

To avoid mistakes in spelling words with unpronounceable consonants, you need to choose a word with the same root so that the unpronounceable sound can be clearly heard.

Test words can be words with the same root:

- the consonant sound is clearly heard at the end of the word;

- a consonant sound is clearly heard when placed before a vowel.

Let's try to solve a new spelling problem using methods of checking roots that are familiar to you.

Change the words according to the command of the question what? Choose a single root word that answers the question what?

miraculous - wonderful, miracles, wonderful interesting - interesting, interest, interesting whistling - whistling, whistling from [sn]y - mouth, oral khru[sn]t - crunch, crunch All words contain a combination of consonants [sn] or [s'n'].

In words wonderful, interesting between the sounds [sn] there is no unpronounceable sound [t], and therefore there is no letter t. In words whistle, oral, crunched There is an unpronounceable consonant sound [t], and there is also the letter t.

How do you know if a word has an unpronounceable consonant sound or not?

Let's read the words as we say them. Listen to the sounds in the indicated places.

star zdn oh, gro zn oh, by zdn yay, right zdn uh, what's the matter zn ik, chu vstv oh, teaching stv wow

star[zn]oe, thunderous[zn]y, po[z'n']y, pra[z'n']ik, proka[z'n']ik, feel[st]a, participating What is interesting about the designation of sounds [stv], [zn], [z'n']?

In place of sounds [stv] there may be letters stv, vst.

In place of the sounds [zn], [z’n’] there may be letters zn, zdn.

Apply familiar verification methods and prove that the words are spelled correctly.

starry - (what?) star, late - (what to do?) be late, holiday - (what?) idle

These words have an unpronounceable consonant sound, so we write the letter d

formidable - (what to do?) threaten, prankish - (what?) pranks

There is no unpronounceable consonant sound in these words, so there is no letter d

In the words of feeling, the dictionary will help you remember the letters.

Let's say these words and listen to the sounds: so[nts]e, se[rts]e.

We recognize the necessary letters using test words of the same root.

There are such proverbs: “When sunshine Warm, mother's presence is good. The sharp word stings heart».

sun, (what?) sunny - sun

heart, (what?) heart - heart

Words have unpronounceable consonant sounds, they are indicated by letters L, D.

You might be surprised that the words cross and surroundings They used to be of the same root. In ancient times there was a word in the Russian language around, which meant around, around, on all four sides. A neighborhood- this is a place around something or in the vicinity of something, for example: a city and its environs.

Neighborhood can be verified by word surroundings

What combinations of sounds when writing are dangerous?

Unpronounceable consonants can be in the following sound combinations:

[sn], [s’n’], [zn], [z’n’], [stv], [nts], [rts].

When writing, these combinations of sounds are dangerous, since there may be a spelling: a letter in place of an unpronounceable consonant sound.

Letters of unpronounceable consonants: D, T, V, L.

Let's remember the verification methods:

Powerful, joyful, unhappy,

both charming and stormy,

valiant, selfless, honest.

Don't forget these words.

When writing, insert a T in them.

Solve spelling problems in words with a dangerous combination of sounds [sn]. Try to remember the verification methods.

What?

Vlas T ny - (what?) power

rados T ny - (what?) joy

unfortunately T ny - (what?) misfortune

lovely T ny - (what?) lovely

not us T ny - (what?) bad weather

selfless T ny - (what?) self-interest

dobles T ny - (what?) valor

ches T ny - (what?) honor

Delicious, clear, interesting,

safe and heavenly,

and wonderful and beautiful,

both terrible and futile.

Don't forget these words

do not insert the letter T into them.(N. Betenkova)

Let's select words with the same root that answer the question What? Let's change these words using the question command what?

tasty - (what?) tasty

vowel - (what?) voice

interesting - (what?) interesting

safe - (what?) safe

heavenly - (what?) heaven

wonderful - (what?) miracles

wonderful - (what?) wonderful

terrible - (what?) terrible

vain - (what?) vain

There is no unpronounceable consonant in these words, so the letter T should not be in them.

Let's think about the transcriptions of words:

Transcriptions of words are given. Why are there more letters in words than sounds?

[l’es’n’itsa] - stairs 7 sounds, 8 letters [m’esny’] - local 6 sounds, 7 letters [sv’ersn’ik] - peer 8 sounds, 9 letters

These words have more letters than sounds, since one sound is unpronounceable

Word ladder cannot be verified.

Local let's check with a word place.

Word peer derived from the ancient Russian word verst, which meant age.

And here peer it is written without the letter T. The spelling of the word must be remembered.

Conclusion:

In order not to make mistakes in writing words with unpronounceable consonant sounds, you need to choose a word with the same root so that the unpronounceable sound can be clearly heard.

Goals:

• develop the ability to analyze language material, introduce the spelling of unpronounceable consonant letters at the root of a word;
• develop the ability to find spelling in words based on certain characteristics;
• teach how to perform sound-letter analysis of words with unpronounceable consonants.

Equipment: textbook by R.N. Buneev “Russian language” 3rd grade, cards for working in pairs (see Appendix), signal cards, crossword puzzle.

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizational moment

2. Vocabulary work

3. Updating knowledge and formulating lesson topics

Work in pairs. Children have cards with tasks ( Annex 1 ). As a result of the work, a word with an unpronounceable consonant is identified in each pair.

– Name the words that you highlighted. (All words are written on the board in a column.)
– What interesting things did you notice? (In all words, one consonant is written, but not pronounced.)
– What did you call this consonant? (Unpronounceable.)
– What is the topic of the lesson? (The unpronounceable consonant at the root of the word.)
– Today we will observe words with an unpronounceable consonant at the root of the word, and learn to check the spelling of such words.

4. Observing words with an unpronounceable consonant

– Write down words with the same root for each word.

Late, late, late.
Known, news, notify.
Heart, heart, heart.
Sun, sunshine, sunny.
Rider, riding, ride.
Sad, sad, sad.
Reed, reed, cane.
Hello, say hello, said hello.

– Observe the words in each group. Do all words with the same root contain an unpronounceable consonant? (No)
– What is the peculiarity of the words in which it occurs? (They contain a combination of three consonants: zdn, stn, rdts, lnts, vst. One of these consonants is not pronounced, usually the middle or first one.)
– Which consonants are not pronounced in these words? ([h], [t], [v], [l].)
– Is this consonant sound heard in the other related words of each group? (Yes. They can be testing.)
– Try to draw a conclusion from our observations. What have we learned about unpronounceable consonants?

Conclusion. In some words, three consonant letters are written in a row. One of them is “lost” when pronounced and is not pronounced. They can be called unpronounceable.

– How not to make mistakes when writing such words? (You need to choose a related word where this consonant is heard clearly.)
- Well done guys, you made the right observations and conclusions. To remember them better, let's read the rules in the textbook.

Fizminutka

Exercises to relieve static tension.

5. Primary consolidation

– Have you rested? Let's continue the lesson. We will train to hear words with unpronounceable consonants and select test ones for them.

1) Frontal work.

– Prepare signal cards. Hear a word with an unpronounceable consonant, pick up the green card and get ready to say the test word. If the word does not have an unpronounceable consonant, raise the red card.
Selfless, uninteresting, viral, domineering, age-old, delicious,
vowel, valiant, pitiful, picturesque, spare, famous, interesting, skillful, selfish, flattering, hateful, stormy, heavenly, dangerous, absence, superficial, late, victorious, boast, rare, consonant, passionate, bodily, three-tiered, reed, painful.
- Well done, you were attentive and worked well.

2) Independent work

– Now we do exercise 79 s. 61. Read the task and say how you will complete the task.
– You need to read the words, pick up the test ones and find out which letter is written in the blank.
– What words will be test words? (Those in which the unpronounceable consonant is heard clearly.)
- We work independently.

Children perform the exercise, the teacher checks with 3-5 students for correct execution, then they become consultants and check with the rest of the students.

3) Vocabulary work

- Solve the crossword puzzle. Write down the words in your notebook. Emphasize unpronounceable consonants.

1. What heats the earth? (Sun)
2. What is the name of a series of steps going up or down? (Ladder)
3. What is the name of the plant from which sugar is extracted in tropical countries? (Cane)
4. What is the name of the one who brought the news? (Bulletin)

– Is it possible to check the unpronounceable consonant in all words? (The word "ladder" is not checked.)
– If a word with an unpronounceable consonant cannot be checked, you need to remember its spelling.
– Why do individual sounds still disappear?

The fact is that three consonants in a row can be very difficult to pronounce, so we simplify their pronunciation in this way. But writing them cannot be simplified; there are unpronounceable consonants for a reason. They have their own story. For example, in the word staircase we write the letter T. Why? In the Old Russian language there was a word lstva or lztva and it came from the verb climb, climb with the help of the suffix -TV(A). It then turned into a staircase under the influence of such words as sugar bowl, inkwell. This means that the unpronounceable T in the noun staircase is the remainder of the suffix -TV(A). So knowledge of etymology helps not to make mistakes in words.
– Select words with the same root for the word staircase and observe where the remains of the suffix T are preserved and where they are not.

Ladder, staircase, staircase, staircase.
– Remember the spelling of these words.

6. Lesson summary

- Let's sum it up. What can you say about today's lesson? (Today we got acquainted with a new spelling - unpronounceable consonant letters at the roots of words. We learned that an unpronounceable consonant is most often found in words where there is a combination of several consonants. The spelling of words with an unpronounceable consonant can be checked. To do this, you need to choose a test word where this the consonant is heard clearly.)

7. Homework: p.61 – rule, ex. 80, orally make sentences with the words staircase, staircase, ladder, staircase.