Life rules for Schumann musicians presentation. Robert Schumann. A dream of the unattainable. Cockhorse

Robert Schumann. Dream of the unattainable

Schumann was a subtle intellectual with an ardent and stubborn nature. His spiritual sensitivity and responsiveness to everything sublime became not only a gift, but also a cross for Schumann. The composer ended his days in a mental hospital...

Robert Schumann was born on June 8, 1810 in the Saxon town of Zwickau. His father, August Schumann, owned a publishing house that produced pocket-size books. Schumann Sr.'s business was going well, but despite this, he was always afraid of going broke and losing his capital. Robert Schumann’s mother also did not have good mental health, often being in a state of “tearful sentimentality.” The atmosphere of his parents' home could not but influence the future composer - he grew up as a suspicious, withdrawn boy.

At the age of six, Schumann was sent to a private school with Döner, at the age of seven he became a student of the famous organist Johann Kuntsch, and already in 1819, having attended a concert with the virtuoso pianist Ignaz Moscheles with his father, little Robert decided to become a professional musician. Then the parents just smiled in response. They predicted a completely different future for their son and could not imagine that music would become something more for him than just a childhood hobby. In the meantime, his parents approved of Robert's hobby. August Schumann, wanting to please his darling (Robert was the youngest in the family), invited amateur musicians to his house. In the Schumanns' living room, works by Haydn, Weber and other outstanding composers (mainly German) were often played.

Schumann, meanwhile, still didn’t really know which path he should take. His impetuous nature did not allow him to settle on just one thing. Yes, at the age of nine he declared that he would become a musician. Now sixteen, he writes poetry (as well as novels and tragedies) with passion, inspired by the works of Schiller, Byron and Walter Scott. His true idol was the now forgotten favorite of the German romantics, Jean Paul. At eighteen years old, Schumann said: “I still don’t know who I am. I think I have an imagination... I'm definitely not a thinker: I can never draw a logical conclusion. But whether I was born a poet (after all, it is impossible to become one) is for posterity to decide.”

The composer's youth was overshadowed by two heavy losses - first his father died, and then, due to a long mental illness, his sister died. The first such close encounter with death placed an unbearable burden on the shoulders of the impressionable Schumann, always ready to fall into despair. Perhaps he also saw in his sister’s death a kind of warning to himself (it is known that the composer was afraid of going crazy all his life).

Schumann found it unbearable to remain in his orphaned home. He sought solace in travel, traveling a lot to German cities. And in 1828, the young man entered the law faculty of the University of Leipzig. This was the outcome of a long struggle with his mother and guardian, who insisted that Robert must finally “get busy.” The struggle “between poetry and prose” (in the words of the composer himself) ended in the victory – albeit temporary and external – of prose. Schumann performed his filial duty, however, not very diligently. Jurisprudence did not attract him; it seemed to him too “base matter.”

With much greater zeal, he indulged in activities of a completely different kind - he communicated a lot with Leipzig musicians, took piano lessons from Friedrich Wieck. Thanks to Wieck, Schumann achieved great heights of performance, but in 1832 he had to give up his dream of becoming a virtuoso pianist. Wanting to achieve perfection in playing the piano, he designed a special device for training the ring finger, the weakest, and “developed” it until he mutilated it. The right arm was practically paralyzed. There was no longer anything to think about public speaking.

In 1830, Schumann left the university and became a home teacher in the family of Friedrich Wieck, who was very concerned about the musical education of his children. Clara Wieck turned out to be a particularly talented student - at the age of eleven she was already performing brilliantly as a pianist. Around the same time, Schumann became the author of the venerable General Musical Newspaper. The collaboration did not last long - after an enthusiastic publication about the then little-known Chopin, it was in it that the famous words were uttered: “Hats off, gentlemen, before you is a genius!” Schumann was fired. It cannot be said that he regretted it.

The burgher views of the Universal Musical Newspaper were too divergent from his own views on art. The newspaper's critics talked about "pleasantness", Schumann - about seriousness and sublimity. He was not alone in his preferences; soon a circle of like-minded people formed around him. “Every evening,” the composer himself said about this circle, “several people, mostly young musicians, would come together as if by chance; the immediate purpose of these gatherings was an ordinary public meeting; but, nevertheless, there was a mutual exchange of thoughts about music and art, which was an urgent need for them.” As a rule, the passionate conversations of young people boiled down to one topic - the decline of modern music and poetry. “One day,” Schumann continues his story, “it occurred to young hotheads not to be idle spectators of this decline, but to try again to elevate poetry and the arts.”

The result of this decision was the founding of the New Music Magazine. Emphasizing the direction of his publication, Schumann provided it with the motto “Youth and Movement”, and the epigraph to the first issue was a Shakespearean phrase: “Only those who came to watch a merry farce will be deceived.” The composer was a very sensitive music critic - he was one of the first to welcome the work of Brahms, Liszt, and Berlioz. Journal activity, however, did not stop him from writing music. It was in the 1830s that he created his best piano cycles.

In 1840, Robert Schumann married Clara Wieck, who by this time had grown from a child prodigy into a beautiful young woman. It must be said that Friedrich Wieck, Schumann’s teacher and Clara’s father, did not agree to this marriage for a long time. No, not because he wanted a wealthier and more prosperous spouse for his daughter. Maestro Vic wanted Clara to continue her concert activities and be free from family obligations.

Nevertheless, the lovers got married, and the first time of their marriage became the happiest time in Schumann’s life. Clara bore Schumann eight children, but did not give up her musical career. Her husband was devoted to her and literally came to life in her presence, but when Clara went on tour, he became depressed and drank a lot.

In 1840 he wrote his best song cycles, in 1841 - four large symphonic works, in 1842 - several quartets and quintets. And in 1843, the composer wrote the oratorio “Paradise and Peri.” The Schumanns tour a lot (for example, in 1844 they even visited Russia, although here most of the laurels went to Clara, a brilliant pianist and charming woman, and not Schumann, her gloomy companion). But even in these seemingly cloudless years, a severe mental disorder begins to make itself felt, which ultimately brought the musician to the grave. At times Schumann becomes withdrawn and irritable. Only Clara can keep him from rash actions. It becomes increasingly difficult for the composer to communicate with people.

In 1843, he tried to teach composition and score reading classes at the Leipzig Conservatory, but teaching was painful for him, and he left it in disgust. In 1844 he stopped working in his magazine.

The Schumanns moved to Dresden in search of solitude. But here, too, the composer’s mental state continues to deteriorate. A few years later, Robert Schumann tries for the last time to “get involved” in public life - he becomes the conductor of the city orchestra in Düsseldorf. But Schumann fails to achieve mutual understanding with the orchestra members, and he again finds himself alone.

At the beginning of 1854, he tries to commit suicide. In a state of insanity, Schumann tried to drown himself in the Rhine. He is rescued, but his mental health never returns. On July 29, 1856, the composer dies in a private clinic for the mentally ill.

“Reason makes mistakes, feeling never,” said Schumann.
He consistently embodied this “maxim” in all his works.

Cycle "Children's Scenes"

In 1838, Schumann secretly became engaged to Clara, hiding it from her father. In March, he wrote to her that he had recently composed thirteen small plays called “Children's Scenes” - something like memories of childhood. Not only the famous play “Dreams,” but almost all the others are real small masterpieces. Inspired by Schumann's music, Tchaikovsky wrote his "Children's Album", in which one can find a Russian analogue of almost every piece by the German composer.

Concerto in A minor for piano and orchestra op. 54

Schumann's Piano Concerto in A minor is one of the most significant concerts in all German music of the 19th century.

In 1841, Schumann finally heeded Clara's calls to compose something truly grandiose. In one breath, he wrote two symphonies and Fantasia in A minor for piano and orchestra, dedicating the latter to his wife.

Clara Schumann was the most ardent admirer of her husband's talent and happily performed the Fantasia in A minor. However, the composer was not completely satisfied with it and postponed the work for some time. In 1845, he added two more parts to it, thereby turning it into a full-scale concert.

The first performance of the concert took place on January 1, 1846 in the famous Leipzig Gewandhaus. The orchestra was conducted by Ferdinand Giller (the concert is dedicated to him), and at the piano was, of course, the constant Clara Schumann.

The public was accustomed to a slightly different interpretation of the piano concerto, to virtuoso tricks, and greeted Schumann’s sophisticated work with rather indifference. But as Clara played this concerto again and again throughout her long life, listeners liked it more and more and soon became firmly established in the repertoire of pianists. He was loved for his wealth of ideas, warmth and lyricism.

Romance "In the glow of warm May days"

In the glow of warm May days
Each leaf opened,
Then I woke up
Thirst for love and affection.

In the glow of warm May days
The singing of birds was ringing,
And I told my dear
My love is yearning.

This cycle appeared in the same year of 1810, which is designated in Schumann’s life as the “year of songs.” It is based on sixteen poems by Heinrich Heine, which also inspired Schubert, Mendelssohn and Liszt. In Heine's poem, the image of spring merges with the awakening of a young, fresh feeling as natural, joyful, poetic as the blossoming of May nature, like the ringing singing of birds.

The romance “In the Radiance of Warm May Days” conveys the state of love, longing, hopes and anxieties that were so familiar to Schumann himself, because he himself had recently experienced all this. “The Love of a Poet” is one of Schumann’s most famous vocal cycles. The composer created works in which text and music sound harmonious and complement each other.

Presentation

Included:
1. Presentation: 21 slides, ppsx;
2. Sounds of music:
Schumann. Concerto in A minor for piano and orchestra, 2nd movement, mp3;
Schumann. Concerto in A minor for piano and orchestra, 3rd movement, mp3;
Schumann. In the radiance of warm May days (in Russian), mp3;
Schumann. In the glow of warm May days (in German), mp3;
Schumann. Dreams, mp3;
3. Article, docx .

Robert Schumann. (1810-1856). Robert Schumann is a German composer and pianist. One of the most famous composers of the first half of the 19th century, representing the movement of romanticism. Schumann's music for the dramatic poem "Manfred" by J. Byron was a creative success. Schumann made great contributions to musical criticism. Promoting the work of classical musicians on the pages of his magazine, fighting against the anti-artistic phenomena of our time, he supported the new European romantic school.

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Robert Schumann (), (19th century), German composer. Born on June 8, 1810 in the city of Zwickau in the family of a book publisher. He started studying music at the age of seven.

Born on June 8, 1810 in the city of Zwickau in the family of a book publisher. He started studying music at the age of seven. In 1828 he entered the University of Leipzig at the Faculty of Law. In Leipzig, Schumann met F. Wieck, one of the best piano teachers, and began taking lessons from him. In 1829 he moved to the University of Heidelberg, but realized that he would not become a lawyer. Returning to Leipzig in 1830, he continued his studies with Wieck. However, in 1831, due to an injury to his right hand, he had to give up his career as a pianist. After that, he began writing music and appearing in print as a music critic. In 1834 he founded the New Music Magazine in Leipzig and until 1844 was its editor-in-chief, publisher and main author. In 1840, Schumann married his teacher's daughter, Clara Wieck, a talented pianist. This year has truly become a year of songs for the composer. Schumann also turned to symphonic music. He died on July 29, 1856 in Endenipe near Bonn.

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