Acquaintance with the types of musical instruments of the peoples of the world. Ethnic instruments of the peoples of the world. Stringed musical instruments
Russian folk musical instruments (MHC lesson 8th grade “Musical instruments of the peoples of the world” according to the textbook by G.I. Danilova) Author: Alexander Korshikov, 8th grade student of the Municipal Educational Institution Sidorovskaya Secondary School, Samara Region Leader: V.A. Korshikov teacher MHC MOU Sidorovskaya secondary school
The name “balalaika”, sometimes found in the form “balabaika”, is a folk name, probably given to the instrument in imitation of the strumming, “balakan” of the strings during playing. “To babble”, “to joke” in the popular dialect means to chat, to make idle calls. Russian origin can only be attributed to the triangular outline of the body or body of the balalaika, which replaced the round shape of the domra.
At first, the balalaika spread mainly in the northern and eastern provinces of Russia, usually accompanying folk dance songs. But already in the middle of the 19th century, the balalaika was very popular in many places in Russia. It was played not only by village boys, but also by serious court musicians such as Ivan Khandoshkin, I.F. Yablochkin, N.V. Lavrov. However, by the middle of the 19th century, the harmonica was found almost everywhere next to it, which gradually replaced the balalaika.
Domra is an ancient Russian musical instrument. Scientists suggest that the ancient ancestor of our Russian domra was an Egyptian instrument, which received the name “pandura” from Greek historians, and was in use several thousand years before our time. This instrument, called “tanbur,” may have come to us through Persia, which traded with Transcaucasia.
Due to their performing capabilities, domras in the orchestra constitute the main melodic group. In addition, the domra finds its use as a solo instrument. Concert plays and works are written for her. Unfortunately, the domra is not particularly popular as a folk instrument in Russia; it is almost never found in villages.
Gusli Gusli, Russian plucked instrument. Known in two varieties. The first has a wing-shaped (triangular in later samples) shape, from 5 to 14 strings tuned in steps of the diatonic scale, the second has a helmet-shaped shape and 1030 strings of the same tuning.
The harmonica comes from an Asian instrument called the shen. Shen in Russia was known a very long time ago in the 10th-13th centuries during the period of Tatar-Mongol rule. Some researchers claim that the shen traveled from Asia to Russia, and then to Europe, where it was improved and became a widespread, truly popular musical instrument throughout Europe - the harmonica.
Contrary to the opinion that the accordion is an invention of German masters, Academician A. M. Mirek managed to prove its Russian origin. The harmonica in its modern form - with sliding bellows (pneuma) and a large number of notched metal tongues inside two side bars - appeared in St. Petersburg. Her father, the Czech engineer Frantisek Kirshnik, lived in Russia at that time, and demonstrated his new instrument, with much greater sound power than the sheng, to the people of St. Petersburg in 1783. He also gave his brainchild a Czech name: harmonica. But now this name, like “accordion,” has become colloquial in Russian. The official name of this musical instrument is accordion.
The button accordion is also a Russian invention. In 1907 it was made by Pyotr Sterligov. The master himself did not boast that he had invented a new instrument. And the new four-row chromatic accordion was given the name of the famous storyteller-musician of Ancient Rus' Bayan. This name is inherited by all instruments of this type. The keyboard, invented by the master and located on the right side of the instrument, was called the Sterligov system.
Nowadays, composers write original works for the button accordion, including compositions of large forms of sonatas and concertos. In music schools there are classes for playing the button accordion, which train qualified button accordion players. The button accordion remains a folk instrument on which folk music was played and continues to be played.
The first written evidence about the horn appears in the second half of the 18th century. In them, the horn appears as a widespread, native Russian instrument: “This instrument was almost invented by the Russians themselves.” The horn is a conical straight tube with five playing holes on top and one on the bottom. There is a small bell at the lower end, and a glued mouthpiece at the upper end. The total length of the horn ranges from 320 to 830 mm
The word “zhaleika” is not found in any ancient Russian written monument. The first mention of pity is in the notes of A. Tuchkov, dating back to the end of the 18th century. There is reason to assume that the zhaleika was present before this in Zhaleika is a small tube made of willow or elderberry, 10 to 20 cm long, into the upper end of which a squeak with a single tongue made of reeds or goose feather is inserted, and at the lower end there is a bell made of cow horn or from birch bark. The tongue is sometimes cut on the tube itself. There are from 3 to 7 playing holes on the barrel, thanks to which you can change the pitch of the sound. appearance of another instrument.
The flute is a Russian instrument of the longitudinal flute type. Mention of flutes is found in ancient Greek myths and legends. This type of instrument has existed among different peoples since ancient times. In Europe, in court music playing (18th century), its name “longitudinal flute” was strengthened. The flute is a simple wooden (sometimes metal) pipe. At one end there is a whistle device in the form of a “beak”, and in the middle of the front side there are cut out a different number of playing holes (usually six). The instrument is made from buckthorn, hazel, maple, ash or bird cherry.
Kugikly (kuvikly) or tsevnitsa is a wind musical instrument, a Russian type of multi-barrel flute. As a rule, it consists of three to five hollow tubes of the same diameter, but of different lengths from 100 to 160 mm. The upper ends of the tubes are open and the lower ends are closed. Kuvikly are not distributed throughout Russia, but only in the Kursk, Bryansk and Kaluga regions. The sound is produced by blowing on the cut edges of the open ends located on the same line. Usually the flute tubes are firmly fastened together, but the quvikles have a distinctive feature: the pipes are not fastened together, but are held freely in the hand. Use from 2 to 5 tubes. A set of five pipes is called a "pair". The performer playing the “pair” must not only be able to blow the pipes, but also reproduce the missing notes with his voice
The time of the emergence of spoons as a musical instrument in Rus' has not yet been established. The first fairly detailed information about them appears at the end of the 18th century and indicates their wide distribution among peasants. In appearance, musical spoons are not much different from ordinary wooden table spoons, only they are made from harder wood.
The tambourine is a percussion musical instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a leather membrane stretched over a wooden rim. Some types of tambourines have metal bells attached to them, which begin to ring when the performer strikes the membrane of the tambourine, rubs it, or shakes the entire instrument.
The ratchet is a folk musical instrument, an idiophone that replaces clapping of hands. Ratchets consist of a set of thin planks (usually oak) cm long. They are connected to each other by a thick rope threaded through the holes in the upper part of the planks. To separate the planks, small wooden plates approximately 2 cm wide are inserted between them at the top. There is no written evidence of whether this instrument was used in Ancient Rus' as a musical instrument. During archaeological excavations in Novgorod in 1992, 2 tablets were found, which, according to V.I. Povetkin, were part of a set of ancient Novgorod rattles in the 12th century.
Russian birches - ensemble of folk instruments Accent Sentimentos - duet "Bayan-Mix" Einsamer-Hirte - Gheorghe-Zamfir log.nl/etherpiraat/piraten_muziek_2040/index.html V. Vlasov - If only the accordion could do Dmitry Kuznetsov - Pipe. Zhaleika Ratchets Audio encyclopedia (Folk instruments)
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The world is full of different, amazing and unusual sounds. Merging together, they turn into a melody: calming and cheerful, cheerful and sad, romantic and alarming. Inspired by the sounds of nature, man has created musical instruments with the help of which he can recreate the most impressive, heart-warming melodies. And in addition to instruments known throughout the world, such as the piano, guitar, drum, saxophone, violin and others, there are musical instruments that are no less interesting both in appearance and sound. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the ten most interesting musical instruments in the world.
Whistle
This musical instrument is the basis of Irish culture. It is rare that Irish music is complete without the sound of this authentic instrument: cheerful jig motifs, fast polkas, soulful airs - the voice of the whistle can be felt in each of the presented directions.
The instrument is an oblong flute with a whistle on one end and 6 holes on the front side. As a rule, whistles are made from tin, but instruments made of wood, plastic and silver also have a right to exist.
The history of the appearance of the whistle goes back to the 11th-12th century. It is from these times that the first memories of this instrument date back. A whistle is easy to make from scrap materials, which is why the instrument was especially valued among the common people. Closer to the 19th century, a general standard for the whistle was established - an oblong shape and 6 holes used for playing. The greatest contribution to the development of the instrument was made by the Englishman Robert Clark: he proposed making the instrument from light metal - tinplate. Thanks to its hoarse and perky sound, the whistle became very popular among the Irish people. Since then, this instrument has become the most recognizable folk instrument.
The principle of playing the whistle is very simple, so much so that even if you have never picked up this instrument, after 2-3 hours of hard practice you will be able to play your first melody. The whistle is both a simple and complex instrument. The complexity lies in its sensitivity to breathing, and the simplicity lies in its easy fingering to achieve.
Vargan
This ancient reed instrument has remained virtually unchanged in appearance over the centuries of its existence. From the Old Slavonic “vargi” means “mouth”. It is in the name of the instrument that the method of extracting sounds from the instrument is hidden. Jew's harps are most common among the peoples of the north: Eskimos, Yakuts, Bashkirs, Chukchi, Altaians, Tuvinians and Buryats. With the help of this unusual instrument, local residents express their emotions, feelings and moods.
Jew's harps are made of wood, metal, bones and other exotic materials, which influence the sound of the instrument in their own way. The reliability and durability of the jew's harp also depends on the material used.
It is almost impossible to describe the sound of an instrument - it is better to hear its melody once than to read its description 10 times. But we can still confidently say that the melody emanating from playing the harp is velvety, soothing, and thought-provoking. But learning to play the harp is not so easy: in order to extract a melody from the instrument, you need to learn how to control your diaphragm, articulation and breathing. After all, during the playing process it is not the instrument itself that sounds, but the musician’s body.
Glass harmonica
Perhaps one of the rarest musical instruments. It is a structure of glass hemispheres of different diameters strung on a metal rod. The structure is fixed in a resonator box. Play the glass harmonica with slightly moistened fingertips by rubbing or tapping.
The first information about the glass harmonica has been known since the mid-17th century. Then the instrument was a set of 30-40 glasses, which were played by gently touching their edges. While playing, the musicians produced such unusual, exciting sounds that it seemed as if hundreds of glass marbles were falling to the ground.
After the grand tour of the Irishman Richard Puckrich across England in 1744, the instrument became so famous and desirable that other famous musicians began to learn to play it. Moreover, the great composers of that time, Mozart, Beethoven and Richard Strauss, captivated by the beauty of the sound of the harmonica, wrote the best compositions especially for this instrument.
However, in those days it was believed that the sound of a glass harmonica had a negative effect on the human psyche: it disrupted the state of mind, caused premature birth in pregnant women, and led to mental disorder. In this regard, in some German cities the instrument was banned at the legislative level. And at the beginning of the twentieth century, the art of playing the glass harmonica was forgotten. But everything well forgotten someday returns. This is what happened with this wonderful instrument: Victor Kramer, a St. Petersburg director, successfully used a glass harmonica in Glinka’s opera, presented at the Bolshoi Theater, returning it to its rightful place in modern art.
Hang
An amazing musical instrument, one of the newest inventions of our time. Hang was invented in Switzerland in 2000 by Felix Rohner and Sabine Scherer. The creators of the instruments claim that the basis of playing an exotic percussion instrument is the feeling, sensation of the music and the instrument itself. And the owner of the hang must have an ideal ear for music.
The hang consists of a pair of metal hemispheres that together form a disk similar to a flying saucer. The upper part (also the front) of the hang is called DING; on it there are 7-8 tonalities enclosed in a musical circle. They are indicated by small depressions, and in order to obtain a certain key of the melody, you need to hit one or another depression.
The lower part of the instrument is called GU. It has a deep hole in which the musician’s fist should be located. The structure of this disc acts as a resonance and modulation of sound.
Bonang
Bonang is an Indonesian percussion instrument. It consists of a set of bronze gongs, which are secured with cords and placed horizontally on a wooden stand. At the top of the central part of each gong there is a bulge - pencha. It is this that makes the sound if you knock on it with a wooden stick with a cotton cloth or rope wrapped around its end. Balls of burnt clay suspended under gongs often act as resonators. Bonang sounds soft and melodious, its sound fades away slowly.
Kazoo
The kazoo is an American folk instrument. Used in skiffle style music. It is a small cylinder, tapering towards the end, made of metal or plastic. A metal plug with a membrane made of tissue paper is inserted into the middle of the instrument. Playing the kazoo is very simple: just sing into the kazoo, and the tissue paper will do its job - change the musician’s voice beyond recognition.
Erhu
Erhu is a bowed musical instrument, also known as an ancient Chinese two-string violin that uses metal strings.
Scientists cannot say exactly where and when the first erhu instrument was created, since it is a nomadic instrument, which means that it changed its geographical location along with the nomadic tribes. It has been established that the approximate age of the erhu is 1000 years. The instrument became popular during the Tang Dynasty, which fell between the 7th and 10th centuries AD.
The first erhu were somewhat shorter than modern ones: their length was 50-60 cm, and today it is 81 cm. The instrument consists of a hexagonal or cylindrical body (resonator). The body is made of high quality wood and a snakeskin membrane. The neck of the erhu is where the strings are attached. At the top of the neck there is a curved head with a pair of pegs. Erhu strings are usually metal or animal sinew. The bow is made in a curved shape. The string for the bow is made of horsehair, and the rest is made of bamboo.
The main difference between the Erhu and other violins is that the bow should be attached between two strings. Thus, the bow becomes one and inseparable from the base of the instrument. While playing, the erhu is held in a horizontal position, resting the instrument's leg against one's knee. The bow is played with the right hand, and at this time the strings are pressed with the fingers of the left hand so that they do not touch the neck of the instrument.
Nikelharpa
Nyckelharpa is a Swedish folk musical instrument of the bowed string variety. Due to the fact that its development lasted more than 600 years, the instrument has several modifications. The first mention of the nyckelharpa is on the gate leading to Szczelunge Church on the island of Gotland: it depicts two musicians playing this instrument. This image was created back in 1350.
The modern modification of the nyckelharpa has 16 strings and about 37 wooden keys that slide under the strings while playing. Each key moves upward along the slide, where, reaching its top, it pinch the string, changing its sound. The player moves a short bow along the strings and presses the keys with his left hand. Nyckelharpa allows you to play melodies in a range of 3 octaves. Its sound is similar to a regular violin, but it sounds with much more resonance.
Ukulele
One of the most interesting musical instruments is the ukulele, a plucked string instrument. The ukulele is a miniature ukulele with 4 strings. It appeared back in 1880 thanks to three Portuguese who arrived in Hawaii in 1879 (so the legend says). In general, the ukulele is a consequence of the development of the Portuguese cavaquinho plucked instrument. Outwardly it resembles a guitar, with the only difference being its smaller shape and the presence of only 4 strings.
There are 4 types of ukulele:
- soprano – instrument length 53 cm, the most common type;
- concert instrument - 58 cm in length, slightly larger, sounds louder;
- tenor - a relatively new model (created in the 20s of the last century) 66 cm long;
- baritone - the largest model with a length of 76 cm, appeared in the 40s of the last century.
There are also custom ukuleles in which the 8 strings are paired and tuned in unison. The result is a full, surround sound of the instrument.
Harp
Perhaps the most amazing, interesting and melodic instrument is the harp. The harp itself is large, but its sound is so exciting that sometimes you just don’t understand how it can be so amazing. To prevent the instrument from seeming sloppy, its frame is decorated with carvings, making it elegant. Strings of different lengths and thicknesses are pulled onto the frame so that they form a grid.
In ancient times, the harp was considered an instrument of the gods, in middle times - of theologians and monks, then it was considered an aristocratic predilection, and today it is considered a magnificent instrument on which absolutely any melodies can be performed.
The sound of the harp cannot be compared with anything: it is deep, exciting, unearthly. Thanks to the capabilities of the instrument, the harp is an indispensable member of symphony orchestras.
There are many amazing musical instruments in the world. And they all sound special, creating melodies that touch the soul. Each of the tools presented above is certainly worth considering. But still, we should not forget about the violins, guitars, pianos, flutes and other equally beautiful and interesting instruments that are well known to us. After all, they are the basis of human culture and the best way to express feelings and emotions.
Lecture " Musical Instruments of the World"
Guys, imagine a world without music. How boring he would be. So why is music important to us regardless of age? In it we express our thoughts and feelings unusually strongly and vividly. Music is one of the most ancient arts. And what gives birth to music...? (musical instrument).
Today we will talk about the origin, types or groups of musical instruments, and see illustrations of the first instruments that appeared more than 9,000 years ago. And we will also get acquainted with the instruments of different nations.
Music is one of the most ancient arts. During archaeological excavations, tools dating back to the 3rd-2nd centuries were found. BC, which are prototypes of those currently existing.(Slide 2)
The first musical instruments were made from animal bones - holes were hollowed out in them to allow air to be blown in.(Slide 3) . They were also widespread (mallet, rattle, rattle made from dried fruits with seeds or pebbles inside).
The appearance of the drum indicated that people had discovered the property of resonating empty objects. They began to use the dried skin, stretching it over an empty vessel.(Slide 4)
Wind musical instruments used sound production by blowing air. The materials for them were stems of reeds, reeds, even shells, and later wood and metal.(Slide 5).
Many modern instruments are descended from ancient Egyptian ones.
In Ancient Greece, music also played a big role. And the name of the harp comes from the name of the ancient musician Orpheus(Slide 6)
Currently, there are 2 types of musical instruments - folk instruments and symphony orchestra instruments that arose on their basis. In both types of musical instruments there are several main groups: winds, percussion, strings.
Guys, tell me, is there a language in the world that all people on the globe understand?
Yes, this is the language of music
Right. Each nation has its own musical language, as well as its own spoken language. And this musical language, unlike the spoken language, is understandable to all other peoples without translation. Tell me, what musical characteristics do the different peoples inhabiting our land have?
Each nation has its own musical instruments, national dances, folk songs and its own composers, its own musical culture.
The peoples of different countries have their own national music. The music of some peoples of the world remains almost unchanged from century to century. Now we will learn about the music of some peoples of the world.
1. China. (Slide 7)
Chinese Peking Opera combines acrobatics, pantomime, song and dance. Musicians play gongs, bells, drums, string instruments and unique organs - sheng .
2. India. (Slide 8) Tabla drums and stringed instruments – sitars – are very popular here. Sitar appeared in the 13th century. There were 7 main strings. Its ancestor is the Tajik setor.
3. Africa. (Slide 9) + video.In many areas of Africa, a plucked instrument made from thin steel reeds fixed in half of a peeled and dried pumpkin is common. Different reeds produce different notes. In addition, the shells attached to the pumpkin rind tinkle. The tool is called bark 21 strings. The master who plays the kora is called a jali, and when he achieves mastery, he must make the instrument himself. Its sound is similar to that of a harp.
4. Australia. (Slide 10)Australian Aborigines perform complex rhythms using sticks and rattles. In addition, they play long wind instruments- didgeridoo.
5. Japan. (Slide 11)In Japan, there is a special musical style called “noh theater,” which combines music, dance, poetry and unique costumes. The actors chant the words to the rhythm of the drums. Musicians accompany the dances by playing flutes, drums and string instruments– shamisenah.
6. Indonesia. (Slide 12) + video.Indonesian National Orchestra is called"gamelan" . It consists of instruments similar to xylophones and metallophones. Each musician in it performs his own part of the same melody.
7. Moldavian folk instrument is fluer. (Slide 13) It is made from valuable wood. An ancient tool for shepherds (shepherds), who used it to gather livestock into a herd. It is also found in the Balkan countries.
8. Brazilian folk instrument is agogo. (Slide 14) + video. He is of African descent. Agogo is an instrument consisting of two or three different-toned bells without reeds, connected by a curved metal handle, and sometimes of sawn-off nuts set on a wooden handle. Despite its unimpressive size, it is indispensable in Brazilian national music, for example in the music of carnival samba and capoeira.
9. American considered a folk instrument banjo, brought from Africa to America by captives, about 1784. Over time it was redesigned, adding fifth frets. Used as a rhythmic instrument in jazz bands.(Slide 15)
10. Ukrainian considered to be a folk instrument bandura, which appeared around the 12th century. It is believed that it originated from the ancient kobza. By the 15th year it had become so popular that bandura players were invited to the court. Over time, it was modified, and today the academic bandura has 60 strings, when it initially had 7-9 strings.(Slide 16)
Let's move on to Europe.(Slides 17, 18)
11. Most famous in Scotland instrument - Scottish bagpipes.
12. Spain. Exactly in Spain castanets used more than in other countries.(Slide 19)
13. Italy. Mandolin It was invented in Naples by representatives of the Vinaccia family.(Slide 20)
14. Russia. (Slide 21)
One of the favorite wind instruments among the Slavs is called pathetic. Another Russian folk wind musical instrument is horn. It was made from two birch or juniper halves, which were held together with birch bark.
And of course balalaika, accordion, gusli.
So, we saw that the musical culture of every nation is very rich and diverse.(Slide 22)
These are just a small number of wonderful folk instruments, filled with soul, history and life itself, and I hope that they will continue to exist, despite the advent of electronic instruments. Because true and raw sound cannot be replaced by anything and is inimitable!
Music is the only language in the world that is understood by all people around the globe.
In the modern world there are many new and unusual tools. You will be offered 2 video recordings with their sound.
Watching video clips
It’s not for nothing that the largest American online store MusiciansFriend.com calls itself a musician’s friend. It offers an unrivaled selection of musical instruments and equipment, including guitars, amps, keyboards and MIDI, drums and percussion, DJ equipment, microphones, folk instruments, accessories, and more. Here you can really find everything a musician needs. And you can even get lost in all this diversity. Percussion, string and wind musical instruments of the peoples of the world are in our review today for everyone who is friends with music.
Table of contents:
Percussion musical instruments
Musical instruments differ in the way they produce sound. Thus, percussion musical instruments mean that the sound is extracted from them by striking (or tapping) hammers, beaters or sticks on some sounding object. It is difficult to even list them all, since this is the largest family. Among the percussion musical instruments one can highlight both the well-known drums, tambourines and bells, and the not very popular castanets, vibraphones, beaters, tambourines or cowbells.
It is interesting that it is percussion musical instruments that accompany the ritual holidays of some tribal peoples of the world. Typically, music of this kind is needed to put listeners into a trance state before any ritual events.
Wind musical instruments
Wind musical instruments produce musical sounds due to the vibration of the air contained in them. They have been known to man since ancient times. This is confirmed by numerous archaeological excavations. At first, musicians used a variety of flutes and pipes for their creativity; with the development of culture, the horn, cornet and viola, trombone and trumpet appeared in their hands. By the way, the trumpet was used as a signal in ancient times. Notified about the appearance of uninvited guests.
It is also interesting that almost a third of a modern symphony orchestra consists of wind percussion instruments. They are absolutely irreplaceable. Many musical instruments of the peoples of the world are known far beyond the borders of their homeland. These are, for example, the Russian zhaleika, the Ukrainian sopilka, the Chinese Paixiao panflute or the Moldavian fluer.
Stringed musical instruments
Stringed musical instruments appeared due to chance. Someone noticed the sound that appears when the bowstring of a hunting bow is pulled. As a result of experiments, the ancient Greek cithara first appeared. Then the bowstring was changed to a hollow box and then the craftsmen went on a wild ride. As a result, a whole family of stringed musical instruments appeared, the sound of which appears due to the vibration of stretched strings. This is the main similarity between such different musical instruments as the Russian balalaika, the African kora, the American banjo and the Indian sitar!
Musical instruments of the peoples of the world help to understand the history and culture of a nation. With their help, people extract sounds, combine them into compositions and create music. She is able to embody the emotions, mood, feelings of musicians and their listeners. Sometimes a rather ordinary-looking instrument produces such magical, amazing music that your heart begins to beat in unison. There are several types of instruments: strings, keyboards, percussion. There are also several subspecies, for example, bowed strings and plucked strings. Musical instruments of different peoples of the world have absorbed the traditions of their region, region, and country. Here is a description of several of them.
Shamisen
The Japanese shamisen is a stringed musical instrument from the plucked category. It consists of a small body, a fretless neck and three strings, and the overall size usually does not exceed 100 cm. Its sound range is from two to four octaves. The thickest of the three strings is called sawari, and it is thanks to it that the instrument is able to produce a characteristic vibrating sound.
Shamisen first appeared in Japan at the end of the 16th century thanks to Chinese traders. The instrument quickly became popular among street musicians and party organizers. In 1610, the first works were written specifically for shamisen, and in 1664 the first collection of musical compositions was published.
Like many other musical instruments of the peoples of the world, the shamisen was considered the prerogative of the lower strata of the population. However, after the Second World War, the situation changed dramatically and he began to be shown more respect. Shamisen is used by musicians during performances of the famous Japanese theater Kabuki.
Sitar
The Indian sitar also belongs to the class of plucked string musical instruments. It plays classical and modern melodies. It consists of a round body elongated upward with two resonators, a hollow neck with curved metal frets. The front panel is usually richly decorated with ivory and rosewood. The sitar has 7 main strings and 9-13 resonating strings. The melody is created with the help of the main strings, and the rest respond with resonance and produce a unique sound that is not available to any other instrument. The sitar is played with a special pick that is placed on the index finger. This musical instrument appeared in India in the 13th century during the period of the formation of Muslim influence.
Bagpipes
In the list of musical instruments of the peoples of the world, the name “bagpipe” is probably one of the most famous. An amazing wind instrument with a sharp sound is popular in many European countries, and in Scotland it is national. The bagpipes consist of a leather bag made of calfskin or goatskin, with several playing pipes made of reeds. While playing, the musician fills the reservoir with air, then presses it with his elbow and thus makes it sound.
Bagpipes are one of the most ancient musical instruments on the planet. Thanks to the simplest device, it was able to be manufactured and mastered several thousand years ago. The image of bagpipes is found in ancient manuscripts, frescoes, bas-reliefs, and figurines.
Bongo
Drums occupy a special place in the list of musical instruments of the peoples of the world. The photo shows a bongo - a famous Cuban origin. It consists of two small drums of different sizes, fastened together. The larger one is called hembra, which translates from Spanish as “female.” It is considered "feminine" and the smaller one is called "macho" and is considered "masculine". “Female” is tuned lower and is located on the right side of the musician. Bongos are traditionally played with the hands while sitting, holding the drums between the calves of the legs.
Maraca
Another one of the most ancient musical instruments of the peoples of the world. It was invented by the Taino Indians - the indigenous inhabitants of Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Bahamas. It is a rattle that, when shaken, produces a characteristic rustling sound. Today, maracas have become popular throughout North America and far beyond its borders.
Dried fruits of the guira or calabash tree were used to produce the instrument. The fruits can reach a length of up to 35 cm and have an extremely hard shell. Small fruits with a regular oval shape are suitable for musical instruments. First, two holes are drilled in the fruit, the pulp is removed and dried. After this, small pebbles and seeds of various plants are poured inside. The number of pebbles and seeds is always different, so each maracas has a unique sound. A handle is then attached to the instrument.
As a rule, musicians play two maracas, holding them in both hands. Maracas are also sometimes made from coconuts, woven willow branches, and dried leather.
