Galleries of world significance. The greatest museums in the world: description and photos. Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York

On November 8, 1793, perhaps the most famous art museum in the world, the Louvre, was opened to the public. Today we will talk about it and other great art collections that everyone should visit.

The most famous museum in France and one of the most popular museums in the world occupies more than 106 thousand square meters in the heart of beautiful Paris. The Louvre as a museum first opened its doors to connoisseurs of beauty on November 8, 1793 - at that time there were two and a half thousand paintings in its collections. If you find yourself in the Louvre for the first time, do not pay attention to the misleading impression of incredible complexity that it gives: in fact, the museum exhibition is very rationally organized, and it is not at all difficult to understand it. In the three wings of the museum - Richelieu, Denon and Sully - there are 8 departments connected by passages and halls. The most popular, southern part of the Louvre, called Denon, is always very crowded with visitors: it houses masterpieces of world painting, for example, the Mona Lisa and many works by famous French painters of the 19th century. You shouldn’t even try to visit the entire museum in one day - it’s better to stop at one of the more than 6 thousand paintings created by recognized European masters of the 13th-19th centuries and enjoy the beauty of what you see.

At the villa of oil tycoon Paul Getty in Malibu, there has been a complex for many years that has become one of the largest and most sought-after art museums in the world. The villa is built from 16 tons of golden travertine, from which the mansion of the Roman emperor Troyan was built, buried under the ashes of Vesuvius, and around it fountains and waterfalls roar and luxurious gardens bloom. The museum's second branch, the more modern Getty Center, opened in 1997. Its creation required as much as 1.3 billion dollars: not only were funds spent on luxurious interiors, but also on purchasing works of art at the most expensive and prestigious auctions in the world. All exhibits of the museum are placed according to the chronology of creation in 5 pavilions located on the territory of the Getty Center. Most famous masterpieces For which the museum's collection is famous are Van Gogh's Irises, paintings by Titian, Tintoretto, Monet and Rubens, a statue of Cybele dating back to the first century AD, and Pontormo's Portrait of a Young Man with a Halberd.

The State Museum boasts the best collection of paintings by Russian masters and creators of the Soviet period in the world. Tretyakov Gallery, named after the famous Russian collector Pavel Tretyakov. Having decided to found a museum that would reflect as clearly as possible the features of the Russian art school, Pavel Mikhailovich spent a lot of money and effort selecting and acquiring paintings and icons. His taste was so impeccable that getting a painting that Tretyakov had his eye on for the collection was considered the pinnacle of social recognition. Museum exhibits of the Tretyakov Gallery date from the 10th to 20th centuries AD. and cover all areas of painting in the Russian land, including icon painting and avant-garde art. In the numerous halls of the buildings included in museum complex, houses many recognized masterpieces by Perov, Bryullov, Vrubel, Shishkin and Savrasov, and the most controversial and popular exhibit is the famous “Black Square” by Malevich.

One of the oldest museums in Europe, founded back in 1722, is located in the very center of the German city of Dresden. A separate building for the museum was built in 1855, when the collection of paintings by old masters already amounted to about two thousand copies - it was specially designed to form a harmonious ensemble with the rest of the buildings of the Zwinger palace complex. As a result of the bombing of the city during the Second World War, the complex, and with it the art gallery, were almost completely destroyed. More than two hundred masterpieces were lost forever, but the most famous ones were saved. The restoration of the paintings lasted for 20 years, over which professionals from all over the world worked hard, and the restoration of the Zwinger took about the same amount of time. Today the Dresden Art Gallery is a museum equipped with all modern devices. Its exhibition features fifteen works by Rembrandt, a dozen works by Van Dyck, Titian’s masterpieces “Caesar’s Denarius”, “Madonna and Family” and the beautiful creation of Raphael “The Sistine Madonna”, which art connoisseurs from all over the world come to see.

The main New York museum, which has collected one of the richest collections of art treasures in the world, was founded in 1870 by several public figures and representatives of the art world. The first exhibits of the museum were works of art that were previously in private collections. Today, as more than 100 years ago, the Metropolitan Museum of Art exists thanks to funds raised from private investors, which are managed by the board of trustees. The most famous part of the museum, for which numerous guests come here, is the section of the American decorative arts, numbering more than 12 thousand works of masters of the 17th-20th centuries, the placement of which required as many as 25 rooms. Connoisseurs of painting await the main hall of the museum, where works of the great creators of the Renaissance are collected: Botticelli, Titian, Raphael and Tintoretto, as well as famous representatives Dutch school. Until this year, the “feature” of the Metropolitan Museum were tin button badges that replaced tickets, but now they had to switch to a paper version - the entrance fee became recommended, and not fixed, as before.

Information about upcoming updates to museum collections will appear - follow the information on this page.

Academy Carrara 2019 , Uffizi: 2018 , National Museum in Stockholm: 2019 .

Paris is often called the cultural center of Europe, because the greatest museums in the world are concentrated here, such as the Rodin Museum, the Louvre, and the Pablo Picasso Museum. However, this is not all that Paris can surprise its guests with. Here you can visit quite unusual museums that are a bit strange for the common man, for example, the Museum of Erotic Art, the Guimet Museum of Oriental Arts, and the Army Museum. Each of them has its own history and is the world's greatest cultural and historical heritage.

So, the top 6 most striking and famous art museums in Paris and throughout France include:

❶ The Louvre, which occupies an honorable first place and is one of the most striking calling cards of Paris. In this largest museum in the world, located in the palace of King Philip Augustus, from ancient times until the 19th century, a unique collection of masterpieces of world art was collected bit by bit. The museum area is actually divided into three gallery parts: “Sully”, “Denon” and “Richelieu”, each of which contains amazing exhibits. The oldest antique exhibits and the greatest collection of original French painting presented in the Sully gallery hall. Italian painting and the great works of masters since the Etruscan and Greek periods collected in the Denon gallery. The Richelieu Gallery is presented the latest works eastern and European art and is complemented by interesting French sculpture. When visiting the Louvre, you should set aside a few days to thoroughly familiarize yourself with the magnificent works of the greatest masters.

❷ Jacquemart-André Museum, rightfully the second pearl of Paris. Here, in the former residence of the Jacquemart-André couple, a large collection of the most striking and famous works, presented by Flemish, French and Italian masters of the Renaissance, is collected. Greatest Masterpieces Botticelli, Donatello, Rembrandt, Canavelli, Crivelli, Thomas Loucher, Francois Boucher, Hubert Robert and others outstanding masters They still inspire many modern painters, art connoisseurs and ordinary tourists.

❸ Pablo Picasso Museum, dedicated to the Spanish master who created his masterpieces in the 19th century. Great master, recognized as the best and most “expensive” painter in the world, left behind magnificent creations: paintings, sculptures, engravings, collages, drawings, ceramic objects, which were collected in one place - the Sale mansion. All periods of Picasso's work, collected in huge collection, create a colorful composition that leaves a lasting impression.

❹ Orsay Museum, where a unique collection of impressionism and post-impressionism is collected. On three levels of the museum, based in the building of a former station, you can see works by such masters as Claude Monet, Pissaro, Renoir, Van Gogh and others. The collection is complemented by works of art created between 1848 and 1914: sculptures, unique photographs , bright objects of architecture.

❺ Montparnasse Museum, which was founded in the former workshop of Maria Vasilyeva. Here is a collection of works by Edgar Stoebel and Maria Vasilyeva herself (Russian artist). Currently (since the end of September 2013), the museum is temporarily closed by order of the mayor's office.

❻ The Salvador Dali Museum, which is the largest collection of works by this greatest Spanish artist, director, sculptor and writer. Here, in addition to 300 creations of the master, you can also hear his recordings: the voice of the creator accompanies museum visitors during the excursion.

Text: Valery Shangaev

Saint Petersburg, Palace Square, Hermitage Museum. The Hermitage building itself is a magnificent architectural monument, and the collection of paintings collected in it are masterpieces of world painting. The museum has priceless artistic treasures, created by many generations of unsurpassed masters: from late Middle Ages to the present day. The Hermitage exhibits delightful examples of elegant Western European painting, luxurious works of artists from Flanders and Holland with their genuine sincerity, sensually exciting paintings of the early Italian Renaissance.

An art gallery with paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, Rembrandt, Rubens, Monet, Matisse is just the beginning of the list of masters whose works are presented in this amazing museum. It is very difficult to describe in words the impressions of visiting the Hermitage. A day is not enough for a thoughtful and enthusiastic connoisseur of beauty to walk around the entire complex complex, consisting of 6 buildings, and enjoy all the exhibits.

Using the services of a guide, each tourist can purposefully visit those rooms that contain the paintings that are most attractive to him.

The famous Palace of Versailles in Paris is no less unique. The creation of the famous art gallery began under the French king Louis Phillipe. It was by his decree that the Palace of Versailles was filled with magnificent specimens portrait painting. Thanks to the art gallery founded by this king, today everyone can see beautiful portraits of those who are inextricably linked with French history. Images of kings and their favorites, queens of France and famous military leaders - the entire color of the French nobility is captured on the canvases of great masters.

Speaking about France, it is impossible to keep silent about business card of this country - the Louvre. Of course, this is the most famous european museum, which incorporates incredible treasures created over the centuries. The Louvre is the main attraction of the French, their pride. The combination of several styles in the architecture of the Louvre gives it an extraordinary romantic mystery. After all, the construction of the Louvre began with the construction of a defensive fortress, and much later, Renaissance architects completed the construction of the royal apartments, turning the fortress into a palace ensemble.

About two and a half thousand paintings are collected in the famous British National Gallery, of which the British are no less proud than the French are proud of the Louvre. And they are rightfully proud. Located in the center of London on Trafalgar Square, British gallery has a collection Western European painting, dating from the 13th century to the present day. Here are the paintings of the great German and Dutch masters, famous painters of England and France. All works are very conveniently exhibited in chronological order.

Madrid, one of the most beautiful European cities, also has its own “pearl”. This is the National Prado Museum, located in an unusually beautiful building, built according to the design of Juan de Villanueva back in 1785. Today's collection includes more than 7,600 paintings and 8,000 drawings. This museum has the most complete, completely unique collection of works by the great Spanish masters. Presented here famous works Francisco Goya, El Greco and Diego Velazquez. The Prado Museum is famous for its collection of the famous Dutchman Hieronymus Bosch. The museum workers very carefully and carefully carry out restoration work, which makes it possible to regularly replenish the extensive collection of the Prado National Museum.

Text: Anna Kolisnichenko

The cost of tickets to museums in Europe varies greatly. There are both expensive and very cheap museums. As it turns out, there are museums that you can visit for free. The 14 most expensive and cheapest museums in Europe were identified. The list includes 7 most expensive museums, 5 cheap ones and 2 museums that can be visited for free.

Zurich and Amsterdam distinguished themselves by the high cost of tickets. Thus, the Museum Buehrle in Zurich was in the lead; the visitor must pay 20 euros upon visiting. The museum features a large collection of works by Emil Georg Bührl. But the German artist’s works of art are not enough; the museum has about 200 works by the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists of France. The famous “Water Lilies” by Claude Monet and “Self-Portrait” by Van Gogh are located in the Museum Buehrle.

The famous Vatican Museum was included in the rating. The cost of a ticket for a tourist is 15 euros, but each last sunday month, the museum can be visited for free. On Sundays there are huge queues, but this does not stop tourists. The Vatican Museum consists of 1,400 rooms, including the Vatican Pinacoteca, which displays 50,000 exhibits. The museum has a large number of paintings by masters of painting from the 11th to 19th centuries. Including Raphael Santi and the incomparable Leonardo da Vinci.

Also, researchers recognized the Hermitage on Amstel as one of the most expensive. The museum is located in Amsterdam and is a branch of the Hermitage. As with the Vatican Museum, entry for visitors costs 15 euros. The museum often hosts various exhibitions, often related to Russia.

The Vincent Van Gogh Museum and the Rijksmuseum are also recognized as the most expensive. The Van Gogh Museum displays the largest collection of paintings and drawings by the master. Moreover, the collection contains pictures drawn by Vincent as a child. The Rijksmuseum's assets include paintings from the Dutch Golden Age. He is famous for paintings by Rembrandt, Ruisdael, Vermeer, Hoch. The pearl of the collection - “ The night Watch" You can visit these museums by paying from 12.5 to 14 euros.

By paying about 15 euros, you can get into the Zurich Kunsthaus. His collection of paintings is considered the largest in Switzerland. It mainly displays paintings by Swiss artists before the 20th century. From the paintings of European masters of painting, you can see Edvard Munch.

The researchers also did not ignore the multi-level Pompidou Center located in Paris. It houses the National Museum and presents such authors as Modigliani, Matisse, Pollock, Dali, Brandt, Kandinsky. Entering Cultural Center, the visitor will part with 12 euros, but in addition to the painting museum, he will also be able to visit the library, the Design Center, cinema halls, and so on.

According to the results of a mini-research, Europe has many inexpensive but famous museums. Entrance for tourists to these vaults ranges from 8 to 10 euros. The Louvre is recognized as the best in this category. It also included the Madrid Prado, the Hermitage, the Parisian Orsay Museum and the Florentine Uffizi Gallery.

But whatever the price of visiting museums, the most profitable were and remain museums where admission is free. The researchers noted two such museums, both in London. These are the most famous museums Tate Modern and the British Museum. Presented at Tate Modern a large number of“fresh” art, as well as the works of classics - Pierre Bonnard, Claude Monet, Salvador Dali, Jackson Polloco and many other authors. The British Museum is famous for its ancient Roman and Greek relics, but also contains works by Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci.

Text: Yana Pelevina

Hundreds of thousands of tourists come to Amsterdam every year to visit exhibitions and museums. Along with museums such as the Van Gogh Museum and the Anne Frank House, the city has many unusual exhibitions. We will talk about ten of the most unique of them in our article.

❶ Hemp Museum. This is the most popular cannabis museum in the world. Its owner, Ben Dronkers, has collected many items related to this plant. Here you can see large collection smoking pipes. In a working greenhouse, visitors can see what growing hemp looks like. The plant's seeds are sold in the museum shop.

❷ Tattoo Museum. In 2011, a museum dedicated to tattoos was opened in Amsterdam. The exhibition tells about the history of applying drawings to the body in different countries. The collection represents various regions: Africa, Asia, America, Oceania. Also here you can learn about the meaning of tattoos for representatives of various subcultures and professions: sailors, prisoners, soldiers, thieves, bikers. Tattoo admirers hold meetings and seminars at the club at the museum.

❸ Cat Museum. This museum was created by the Dutchman William Meyer, who decided to preserve the memory of his cat Tom in this way. The museum displays books, posters, paintings and sculptures related to cats. The exhibition occupies two floors of a three-story house, on the third floor of which the owner lives.

❹ Museum of Torture. To better recreate the frightening atmosphere of medieval justice, the museum's rooms have dim lighting and are painted in dark colors. Here you can see devices that were used for torture in different countries.

❺ Vrolik Museum. This museum has a collection of pathological embryos, skulls and bones, making this a popular place among medical students. The scientist Gerardus Vrolik began collecting such a collection in the 18th century, and the museum bears his name.

❻ Museum of Sex. Each room of this museum is dedicated to individuals whose sexual side of life is of interest. These are the Marquis de Sade, Oscar Wilde, the Marquis de Pompadour, Rudolph Valentino, Mata Hari and others. The atmosphere in the museum is very pleasant - visitors have the opportunity to enjoy the exhibition accompanied by good music.

❼ Museum of the Dead. This museum will tell you about the attitude towards death in different times, funeral traditions of different religions, unusual funerals.

❽ Museum of Erotica. Three floors of the building are dedicated to all kinds of erotic trifles and souvenirs. Here you can see Snow White and the dwarves in explicit poses, paintings depicting erotic scenes, and purchase various contraceptives.

❾ Floating house-museum. This attraction demonstrates how a barge can be transformed into a comfortable place to live. Since 1914, the ship was used to transport goods, and later it was converted. There are 4 cabins, a kitchen, a living room, a bathroom and a children's play area. The barge does not stand still, but travels around Amsterdam, stopping at places popular among tourists.

❿ Fluorescent Museum. This is the only museum of its kind in the world, which opened in 1999. On the ground floor of the museum there is an art gallery where you can buy glow-in-the-dark paintings. Also presented is a collection of luminous minerals brought from different countries, and sculptures made from them.

Text: Lidia Volkova

Albertina.
Albertina Gallery in Vienna, one of the world's largest collections of graphics (over 35 thousand drawings, miniatures, more than one million works of printed graphics). Founded in 1776 as the collection of Duke Albert, in 1920 it was merged with the collection of the engraving cabinet of the University of Vienna. Among the masterpieces of graphic art stored in the Albertina are works by Raphael, Dürer, Rubens and other artists.

Bavarian state assemblies paintings
A union of several art museums, concentrated mainly in Munich. The Old Pinakothek, founded in 1836, includes works by old European, including German masters (Dürer's "Four Apostles", Titian's "Crown of Thorns", a unique collection of works by Rubens, etc.); The building in the style of late classicism was built in 1826–1836 (architect L. von Klenze). The New Pinakothek and the New Gallery, founded in 1853, preserve works of German painters and sculptors of the 19th century (New Pinakothek), European painting and sculpture of the 19th–20th centuries (New Gallery); the building in the style of late German classicism was built in 1838-1848 (architect G.F. Zibland). Schack Gallery, founded in 1865 as a collection of late Romantic German art; the building was built in 1907–1909 (architect T. Fischer). The Bavarian State Collections of Paintings also include the collections of the New Palace in the suburb of Schleissheim (art of the old German masters), the “New Castle” (painting of the Baroque masters), as well as branches in other cities of Bavaria.

British museum.
British Museum in London, one of largest museums peace. Founded in 1753. The British Museum houses monuments of art, culture and history of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (including the Rosetta Stone, Assyrian reliefs, etc.), Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome(reliefs of the Parthenon and the mausoleum in Halicarnassus, the richest collections of Greek vase paintings, a collection of antique cameos), the peoples of Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Oceania, unique in size and representativeness of collections of engravings, drawings, coins and medals. The British Museum library contains more than 7 million books, about 105 thousand manuscripts, including Egyptian papyri. The building of the British Museum in the neoclassical style of the 19th century was built in 1823–1847 (architect R. Smirk).

Vatican Assemblies.
A complex of papal museums and art galleries on the territory of the Vatican. The Pio-Clementino Museum (Museum of Sculpture), founded in the 1770s by Clement XIV and expanded by Pius VI, houses a collection of ancient sculpture, including numerous Roman copies of masterpieces of ancient Greek sculpture that have not survived in the original; the building was built in 1769–1774 (architect M. Simonetti). Chiaramonti Museum, founded at the beginning of the 19th century as a collection of ancient sculpture; the building was built in 1817–1822. Gregorian Museums (founded by Gregory XVI in 1838–1839): Etruscan with collections of Etruscan cultural monuments and Egyptian with a collection of ancient Egyptian art. The Vatican Pinacoteca, founded in 1932, houses Italian painting from the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and 17th centuries. The Vatican collections also include chapels, halls and galleries of the Vatican with paintings by Renaissance masters (the chapel of Nicholas V, The Sistine Chapel, Stanzas and Loggias of Raphael, etc.), the Sacred Museum exhibiting frescoes from the era of Emperor Augustus.

Tate Gallery.
The Tate Art Gallery in London was founded in 1897. Includes a gallery of British painting and graphics of the 16th–20th centuries (works by Lely, Hogarth, Reynolds, Gainsborough, Constable, Turner, etc.) and a collection of European painting and sculpture of the late 19th–20th centuries.

State museums in Berlin.
Museums in Berlin are one of the largest museum complexes in the world. Founded in 1830 on the basis of the collections of the Brandenburg Electors and Kings of Prussia. The main part of the State Museums is located on the so-called Museum Island in the eastern part of the city. Here are the National Gallery (founded in 1876; the collection contains mainly works of German fine art from the end of the 18th century), the Near Asian Museum (the art of Babylonia, Assyria, including the famous “Road of Processions” and the Ishtar Gate), the Museum of Islam (monumental art , miniatures, carpets, etc.), Antique collection (Pergamon Altar, works of Greek and Roman sculpture, ancient vase painting), East Asian Museum, Egyptian Museum (sculptural portraits, including stone head Nefertiti, reliefs, paintings, decorative and applied arts), Early Christian-Byzantine collection, Sculpture collection, Art gallery (works of old masters), Cabinet of engravings, Numismatic cabinet, Art and Industrial Museum. The main buildings of the State Museums are the Old Museum (1824–1828, architect K.F. Schinkel), the Pergamon Museum (1909–1930). In 1957, another complex of State Museums (the so-called Berlin-Dahlem) was founded in the Dahlem district of West Berlin. It includes the Egyptian Museum, the Antique Museum, the Art Gallery (one of the richest collections of old masters in Europe, including works by Jan van Eyck Titian, Rubens, Rembrandt), the New National Gallery (art of modern times; the building was built in 1968 by the architect L Mies van der Rohe), as well as museums of Islamic, Indian and Far Eastern art, German folk art, ethnographic, applied art, primitive and ancient history, etc. Currently, the art collections of Museum Island and Dahlem are united into a single museum complex.

Gugun.
Art Museum in Beijing. Founded in 1914 as a repository for the richest collections of Chinese art. Gugun includes an art gallery, collections of bronze items, sculptures, monuments of jewelry and artistic crafts. Located in the "Ancient Palaces" complex (former imperial residence) in the central part of the Forbidden City - the oldest part of Beijing.

Dresden Art Gallery.
Art gallery in Dresden, one of the world's largest collections of paintings, part of the Dresden Art Collections. Founded in 1560 as a palace meeting of the Saxon electors, expanded in 1722; after the construction of a special building (1847-1856, architects G. Semper, M. Haenel; destroyed during the bombing of Dresden in February 1945; restored by 1956), which became part of the Zwinger palace ensemble, it was opened to the public. In 1945, a significant part of the collection of the Art Gallery, removed from caches unsuitable for storing works of art, was taken to the USSR and, after restoration, returned in 1955 to Dresden. The main part of the Picture Gallery is the Gallery of Old Masters: paintings by van Eyck, Giorgione, Raphael (including the famous “Sistine Madonna”), Titian, Correggio, Veronese, Durer, Holbein, Cranach, Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Velazquez, Poussin, Watteau and others. The Gallery of New Masters (located in Pilny Castle near Dresden houses paintings from European art schools of the 19th and 20th centuries. In addition to the Picture Gallery, the Dresden art collections include the Museum of Artistic Crafts, the Numismatic Cabinet, the Sculpture and Graphic Collections. The “Green Vault” is unique collection of works of decorative and applied art.

Egyptian Museum.
Museum in Cairo. the world's most complete collection of art and cultural monuments Ancient Egypt(including finds from the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun), one of the main centers for the study of ancient Egyptian history and artistic culture. Founded in 1858 by the French Egyptologist O.F. Mariet. The building of the Egyptian Museum was built in 1902 (architect M. Durnon).

Royal Museum of Fine Arts.
The Royal Museum in Antwerp was founded in 1810. Extensive collection of works Western European art, especially the masters of the Old Netherlandish (Masseys, Patinir, Rogier van der Weyden, Jan van Eyck, etc.), Flemish and Belgian schools of painting. The museum building was built in 1878-1890 (architects J. Winders, F. van Dyck).

Louvre.
The Louvre Museum in Paris, an architectural monument and one of the largest art museums in the world. Originally a royal palace in historical center cities; built in 1546 (architects P. Lescaut, C. Perrault and others, sculptural decoration by J. Goujon, interior design by C. Le Brun and others). Since 1791 – an art museum. The Louvre's collection is based on former royal collections, as well as the collections of monasteries and private individuals. The Louvre houses collections of oriental antiquities, ancient Egyptian, ancient, Western European (especially French and Italian schools) art. Among the Louvre's masterpieces are the ancient Greek statues "Nike of Samothrace" and "Venus of Melos", Michelangelo's statues "The Rising Slave" and "The Dying Slave", the portrait of Monna Lisa ("La Gioconda") by Leonardo da Vinci, "Rural Concert" by Giorgione, "Madonna of Chancellor Rolin "van Eyck, works by Rubens, Rembrandt, Poussin, Watteau, David, Géricault, Delacroix, Courbet, etc. Administratively, the Louvre is subordinated to the so-called Orangerie - an exhibition space with a permanent exhibition of "Water Lilies" by Claude Monet (opened in 1965 in the Orangerie Pavilion of the Tuileries Garden) .

Mauritshuis.
Royal Cabinet of Pictures in the Mauritshuis Palace in The Hague. Opened in 1820 as a fundamental collection of works of classical Dutch painting (paintings by Averkamp, ​​Beyeren, Wauerman, Vermeer, van Goyen, Potter, Ruisdael, Rembrandt, Steen, Terborch, Fabricius and other painters). Mauritshuis Palace was built in 1633–1635 in the classicist style (architects J. van Kampen, P. Post).

Metropolitan Museum of Art.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the largest art collection in the United States and one of the largest in the world. Founded in 1870 on the basis of private collections donated to the museum, it opened in 1872. The Metropolitan Museum of Art has departments of American painting and sculpture, ancient art Far and Middle East, weapons, art of Ancient Egypt, ancient art, Islamic art, European painting, 20th century art, engravings and lithographs, musical instruments, book and children's museums, costume institute. Among the masterpieces of the pictorial collection are works by ancient Greek vase painters (including Euphronius), paintings by Renaissance masters (Botticelli, Raphael, Tintoretto, Titian, van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Bosch, Bruegel, Dürer, Holbein, etc.), the largest in the world a collection of works by Rembrandt (23 paintings), works by artists from Spain (El Greco, Velazquez, Zurbaran, Goya), Holland (Vermeer, van Gogh), Great Britain (Gainsborough, Turner), France (Poussin, Watteau, Manet, Renoir, Degas). American painting The 18th–19th centuries are represented by the works of Copley, Homer, Whistler, Akins and others. The main building of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York's Central Park was built in 1894–1902 ( main building, architect R.M. Hunt) and 1905–1926 (side wings, architectural firm McKim, Mead and White). A branch of the Metropolitan Museum of Art is the Cloisters Museum of Medieval Art in Fort Tryon Park (opened in 1938).

Museum of the East in Moscow.
The Museum of the East was founded in 1918 on the basis of several large private collections ((P.I. Shchukin, K.F. Nekrasov, V.G. Tardov and other art collectors.), until 1925 it was called "Ars Asiatica" ("Art of Asia "), until 1962 - the Museum of Oriental Cultures, until 1992 - the Museum of Oriental Art. The funds of the Museum of the East include works of oriental decorative and applied art, collections of Chinese paintings of the 11th–20th centuries, Indian and Iranian miniatures of the 16th–17th centuries, Japanese engravings of the 18th -19 centuries, etc. Placed in the city estate of the Lunins (1823, architect D.I. Gilardi).

Museum fine arts in Budapest.
Museum of Fine Arts, Hungary's most significant collection of foreign art. Created in 1896 on the basis of several large private collections, including the private collection of the Esterházy princes. The Museum of Fine Arts stores monuments of ancient Egyptian, ancient, Byzantine, old Hungarian art, masterpieces of European graphics (drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, Dürer, Rembrandt, Watteau, etc.) and paintings (paintings by El Greco, Velazquez, Goya, Cranach, Giorgione). The museum building was built in 1900–1906 (architects A. Schickedanz, F. Herzog).

Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin.
After the Hermitage in St. Petersburg, the Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow is the second most important collection of foreign fine art in Russia. Created on the initiative of Professor I.V. Tsvetaeva on the basis of the Cabinet of Fine Arts of Moscow University as the Museum of Casts; until 1937 it was called the Museum of Fine Arts. Initially, the museum’s collection included casts from outstanding works of ancient and Western European sculpture, a unique piece compiled by historian V.S. Golenishchev, a collection of art monuments of Ancient Egypt, works of European painting, a valuable collection of antique vases and coins. After 1917, the museum’s funds were replenished with works of art from the Hermitage, the Tretyakov Gallery, closed museums (Rumyantsev, New Western Art, etc.), and a number of private collections. Nowadays the Museum of Fine Arts stores art monuments of the Ancient East, ancient Greece and Rome, Byzantium, Western and of Eastern Europe. In the museum's art gallery there are works by Rembrandt, Ruisdael, Terborch, Jordaens, Rubens, Poussin, Lorrain, Watteau, David, Corot, Courbe, a rich collection of the Barbizon school, an exceptional collection of paintings by masters of French impressionism (Monet, Degas, Renoir, etc.) .) and post-impressionism (Cezanne, Gauguin, van Gogh). The department of engravings and drawings contains about 350 thousand works of European oriental and domestic graphics. The museum building in the neoclassical style was built in 1898–1912 (architect R.I. Klein).

Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo.
Museum of Muslim Art in Egypt, one of the world's largest museums of medieval artistic culture Arab countries, Iran, Turkey. Founded in 1881, until 1952 it was called the Museum of Arab Art. The base of the museum collection was made up of receipts from Cairo mosques, private collections, and materials from archaeological excavations. The collections of the Museum of Islamic Art include the most valuable collections of manuscripts and miniatures of art schools of the Islamic world, ceramics, glass and metal products.

Museum of Art History.
The Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, the largest in Austria and one of the largest art collections in the world. Created in 1891 based on the collections of the Imperial House of Habsburg. Includes oriental and antique collections, the richest collection of Western European art - sculpture, painting (one of the most significant collections in the world of works by Bruegel the Elder, works by Durer, Giorgione, Titian, Tintoretto, Velazquez, Rembrandt, Rubens and many other artists), decorative and applied arts ( including works by Cellini) and medal art, as well as collections of weapons, musical instruments, and carriages. The Museum of Art History includes the Museum of Austrian Culture. The Kunsthistorisches Museum is housed in a building built in the spirit of eclecticism in 1872–1882 (architects G. Semper, K. Hasenauer).

Orsay Museum.
Museum of Impressionism, 19th century art in Paris. Created in the 1980s on the basis of the Impressionist Museum founded in 1947, the collections of the Louvre and the National Museum of Modern Art. The museum's collection includes works of French art created from the mid-19th century to 1914, including paintings and graphics by Courbet and masters of impressionism, sculpture by Rodin, and objects of decorative and applied art. Located in the former Gare d'Orsay building (1900).

Museum of Ancient Art in Brussels.
The Museum of Ancient Art is part of the Royal Museums of Fine Arts, founded in 1830 (also includes the Museum of Modern Art and the A. Wirtz Museum). The Museum of Ancient Art has one of the largest collections of Old Netherlandish paintings and graphics in Europe (works by Bouts, Brueghel, van der Goes, David, Peter Aartsen, etc.), Flemish (works by Jordaens, Snyders, Teniers, etc.), and other European schools 15th–18th centuries. The museum building was built in 1875–1885 (architect A. Bala).

National Gallery in London.
The National Gallery has one of the best collections of Western European paintings in the world. Founded in 1824 on the basis of the collection of J. J. Angerstein. Stores collections
European schools of painting, represented by outstanding works of art, including “Madonna of the Rocks” by Leonardo da Vinci, “Portrait of the Arnolfini Spouses” by Jan van Eyck, “Venus with a Mirror” by Velazquez, masterpieces by Duccio, Uccello, Piero della Francesca, Giovanni Bellini, Titian, Hans Holbein the Younger, Rembrandt, Gainsborough, Hogarth, Goya, Constable, Cezanne, van Gogh and others. Located in a building built in the classicist style in the 1830s (architect W. Wilkins).

National Gallery of Art in Washington.
American Gallery of Art, one of the richest art collections in the United States. Created in 1937 within the structure of the institute, opened in 1941. The basis of the collection of the National Gallery of Art consists of large private collections of Mellon, Kress, Rosenwald, Chester, Dale and others. The gallery stores numerous masterpieces of Western European painting and sculpture (works by Raphael, Giorgione, Titian, Donatello , Bernini, Clouet, El Greco, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Rubens, Gainsborough, Manet, Degas, etc.), works of American artists (paintings by Copley, Stuart, etc.), rich collections of graphics and decorative arts. The main building of the National Gallery of Art was built in 1939-1940 in neoclassical forms (architects J.R. Pope, O.R. Eggers, D.P. Higgins), the eastern building - in 1978 (architect J.M. Pei).

Capodimonte Museum.
One of the largest art museums in Italy. Founded in 1738. The museum's collection includes mainly works from the collections of the Farnesean princes and Neapolitan kings, including paintings by Simone Martini, Masaccio, Giovanni Bellini, Titian, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, El Greco, sculpture by Pollaiuolo, the best collection in the country Italian painting 17th century. Located in the former royal palace Capodimonte (1738, architect G. A. Medrano); Collections of weapons, furniture, artistic fabrics, coins and medals, European and Oriental ceramics are also exhibited in the palace interiors.

National Museum in Warsaw.
The largest art collection in Poland. Founded in 1662, until 1916 it was called the Museum of Fine Arts. Includes monuments of ancient Egyptian, ancient, Byzantine art, works of European painting and sculpture of the 15th–20th centuries, a rich collection of Polish art of the 13th–20th centuries, collections of decorative and applied arts, graphics, coins and medals. The building of the National Museum was built in 1926–1938 in neoclassical forms (architect T. Tolwiński).

National Museum in Krakow.
The National Museum, one of the largest art museums in Poland. Founded in 1879. The collection of the National Museum includes works of Polish fine and decorative arts from the 14th to 20th centuries, collections of European and Far Eastern paintings and graphics, decorative arts, coins and medals. The museum building was built in 1936–1950. In the branch of the National Museum, the Czartoryski Museum (founded in the second half of the 18th century), there is a collection of Eastern and European art, including “Portrait of a Lady with an Ermine” by Leonardo da Vinci.

National Museum in Stockholm.
Sweden's largest art museum was founded in 1792. In the extensive collection of paintings, graphics, sculpture of the main European schools, Rembrandt’s “The Conspiracy of Julius Civilis”, paintings by El Greco, Chardin, Goya, Renoir, Cezanne, paintings by painters from Sweden (including Larson, Roslin, Zorn) and other Scandinavian countries, Russian iconography and painting. The museum building was built in neo-Renaissance forms in 1850–1856 (architect A.F. Styuler).

Pinacoteca Brera.
Brera Gallery in Milan, one of the largest art galleries in Italy. Founded in 1809. Includes a collection of Italian painting of the 14th–19th centuries (paintings by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Mantegna, Piero della Francesca, Gentile and Giovanni Bellini, Raphael, Tintoretto, Caravaggio), a gallery of Lombard frescoes of the 15th–16th centuries, as well as a collection of European painting of the 15th–17th centuries. Located in the Baroque Palazzo Brera (1651, architect F. Ricini).

Pitti.
The Art Museum in Florence, housed in the palazzo of the same name (built from 1440, possibly by F. Brunelleschi; expanded in the 17th–18th centuries). A significant part of the premises of the palazzo is occupied by an art gallery (the so-called Palatine), which is based on the collection of the Medici family; The gallery was opened to the public in 1828, and in 1911 it received the status of a state museum. The gallery contains mainly works of Italian schools of the 15th–17th centuries, as well as Flemish painting 17th century. The palazzo also houses the Gallery of Modern Art and the Silver Museum.

Prado.
The Prado National Museum of Painting and Sculpture in Madrid, one of the largest art museums in the world. Founded in 1819 on the basis of royal collections. Contains a rich collection of Spanish paintings of the 15th–16th centuries (works by El Greco, Ribera, Zurbaran, Velazquez, Murillo, Goya, etc.), collections of paintings by Italian masters of the 16th century (Raphael, del Sarto, Titian), artists of the Dutch school of the 15th–16th centuries (Rogier van der Weyden, Hieronymus Bosch), Flemish and French schools. Museum building – outstanding monument late Spanish classicism (1785–1830, architect J. de Villanueva).

Rijksmuseum.
The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, one of the largest art museums in the Netherlands. Founded in 1808. The collection of the State Museum includes works of Dutch painting of the 15th–19th centuries (including such masterpieces of Dutch masters of the 17th century as Rembrandt’s “Night Watch”, Vermeer’s “Maid with a Jug of Milk”, landscapes by Ruisdael, etc.), Dutch graphics, sculpture, works of decorative and applied art, paintings from other European schools, art from Asian countries. The building of the State Museum in the neo-Gothic style was built in 1877-1885 (architect P.J. Kuipers).

Uffizi.
The Uffizi Art Gallery in Florence is one of the largest in Italy. Housed in a building built for government offices (1560–1585, architects G. Vasari and B. Buontalenti). Founded in 1575 on the basis of the collections of the Medici family. The gallery houses the world's richest collection of Italian painting of the 13th–18th centuries (works by Duccio, Giotto, Uccello, Piero della Francesca, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, etc.), works of ancient art, most schools of European painting, a unique selection of self-portraits European artists.

Hermitage Museum.
The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, one of the largest art, cultural and historical museums in the world. Founded in 1764 by Empress Catherine II; the main part of the collection is housed in 5 interconnected buildings on Palace Embankment - the Winter Palace (Baroque, 1754–1764, architect V.V. Rastrelli), the Small Hermitage (early classicism, 1764–1767, architect J.B.M. Wallen- Delamoth), the Old Hermitage (early classicism, 1771–1787, architect Yu.M. Felten), the New Hermitage (late classicism, 1839-1852, architect L. von Klenze) and the Hermitage Theater (classicism, 1783–1787, architect J. Quarenghi), as well as in the Menshikov Palace on Vasilyevsky Island (early Baroque, 1710–1727, architects J.M. Fontana, G.I. Shedel and others). The Hermitage collection is based on the collections of the Russian imperial house, which in the 18th and early 20th centuries were constantly replenished through the purchase of valuable foreign collections and the receipt of materials from archaeological excavations; after 1917, the Hermitage received nationalized collections of the Stroganovs, Yusupovs, Shuvalovs and others. Nowadays the Hermitage houses the richest collections of monuments of ancient artistic culture, oriental art, European fine and decorative arts (including paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, Giorgione, Velazquez, Murillo, Rembrandt, Hals, van Dyck, Rubens, Holbein , Cranach, Reynolds, Gainsborough, Poussin, Watteau, Ingres, Delacroix, Monet, Renoir, Cezanne, Gauguin and many others, sculpture by Michelangelo, Houdon, Rodin and other masters).

Hello, dear guys! And to you, dear adults, a big and warm greeting too!

Probably each of you has been to a museum at least once. Every day around the world, thousands of tourists line up in long lines to see works of science and art, visit various exhibitions and then exchange their impressions of what they saw.

Many of the cultural attractions are famous throughout the planet. Do you know those - those where any traveler would like to go?

I suggest you remember the most famous museums the world, scattered across different countries, so that when you get ready for a long journey, you can plan a visit to them in your excursion program. Well, right now, so that you can talk about them in an interesting and exciting way in class.

So, the top ten most famous of the famous, according to the ShkolaLa blog.

Lesson plan:

Paris Louvre

Once a medieval fortress and then home to French kings, it opened to visitors in 1793. 160,106 square meters of total area, more than 400 thousand exhibits on display - all this is about the great and fascinating Louvre!

Its centrally located glass pyramid attracts around 9.5 million visitors each year and is photographed as one of the symbols of Paris. This is the place where one of the world's artistic mysteries is located - Da Vinci's painting "Mona Lisa".

Today the Louvre has seven huge departments, in which you can, as they say, examine the exhibits in detail in only a week, no less. Here are present:

• department of applied arts;
• halls of painting, graphics and sculpture;
• art of Ancient Egypt and the Ancient East;
• Islamic and Greek departments;
• Roman hall;
• and the culture of the Etruscan Empire.

Vatican Museums in Rome

The exhibition complex has 1,400 halls and contains 50,000 objects. Be prepared to walk about 7 kilometers to see all the exhibits on display.

The heart of the Vatican Museum is considered to be the Sistine Chapel, a Renaissance monument whose walls were painted by Michelangelo. You can reach it only by going through the entire museum corridor.

They began to build the Italian museum back in the 4th century - then the first stones of St. Peter's Church were laid, only in the 9th century the walls appeared, and by the 13th century they were built into the papal Vatican residence. Every year, about 5 million visitors come here to see with their own eyes the treasures collected by Roman Catholics over several centuries.

British Museum in London

The exhibition center, which opened in 1759, has a rather complicated history, and there are dark spots in its description. It is called not only a museum of all civilizations, but also a repository of stolen masterpieces.

This is a place where cultural objects from Egypt, Greece, Rome, Asia and Africa, as well as medieval Europe, are found. But many of the 8 million exhibits appeared in the British Museum through dishonest means. Thus, the ancient Egyptian Rosetta Stone, as well as some other treasures from Egypt, came here after being taken from Napoleon’s army.

From Greece by strange resolution Turkish ruler Precious sculptural exhibitions were taken to London.

By the way, entry to the British Museum is absolutely free.

Japanese National Museum in Tokyo

Dedicated to nature and science, it is distinguished by the fact that, along with the wonders of technology, it contains stuffed animals, found remains of dinosaurs and their models.

Here, on the roof of a six-story building, you will find a botanical garden with sun umbrellas that automatically open when you approach. There is a “forest hall” where you can wander among the rich flora.

In the global gallery you can follow the evolution of all life on Earth and get acquainted with modern technologies, and in Japanese find out historical facts about the land of the rising sun.

This museum is also on the list of famous places because visitors can become scientists for a moment and personally conduct a series of experiments.

American Metropolitan

This museum is located in New York and is rightfully one of the most famous. Judge for yourself: artifacts from the Paleolithic era are collected here, which side by side with modern exhibits from the field of pop art, there are cultural objects from Africa, the East and Europe, paintings from the 12th to the 19th centuries, musical instruments, weapons and clothing of the peoples of five continents.

The museum appeared thanks to a group of entrepreneurs, public figures and artists who donated their collections to him, and they were replenished with two million exhibition items. Overall, there is a lot to see here!

America's Cultural Heritage Plaza is divided by luxurious passages and staircases that connect buildings from different times with tall columns, fountains and stained glass windows. Moreover, its name has nothing to do with underground transport, but is derived from the word “metropolis”, that is, “big city”.

Madrid Prado Museum

The Spanish Cultural Center for Painting has collected more than 7,600 paintings, 1,000 sculptures, 8,000 drawings, and 1,300 objects of art under one roof. It got its name thanks to the park of the same name in which it is located.

Although there are no elegant interiors and gilded staircases, the museum contains a huge number of collections of paintings from different European schools: Spanish, Italian, German, British, most of which were collected by the church and representatives of the royal family.

By the way, there is a copy of the “Mona Lisa” located in the Louvre, painted by a student of Leonardo da Vinci.

Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam

The main state museum of Holland is located in an ancient palace with towers and relief sculptures and is divided into 200 halls, where many masterpieces of Dutch and world art are located. The red brick building stands on the canal embankment and stretches for an entire block.

The main masterpiece of the Amsterdam museum is Rembrandt's painting "The Night Watch".

There are also canvases by artists from the Golden Age. And also exhibition halls are replete with various antique items from antique furniture to porcelain dishes.

St. Petersburg Hermitage

Russia can also rightfully be included in the list and boast of a museum property known throughout the world. The Russian cultural giant is famous for the world's largest collection of paintings. Here you can get acquainted with history from the Stone Age to the present, and the Golden Room is a separate story, because jewelry is collected there Russian Empire and not only!

The Hermitage originates from the collection of Empress Catherine II and, having subsequently expanded, today represents a museum complex of six buildings, where more than 3 million exhibits are presented.

Cairo Museum

Until recently, this cultural object was known for its complete collection Egyptian art, which contains thousands of treasures from the tombs of Tutankhamun.

Before the revolution took place in Egypt, Cairo Museum there were more than 120,000 ancient exhibits, including monumental sculptures of the Sphinx ancient period, tombs and mummies of Egyptian pharaohs, jewelry of queens.

We can only hope that the Egyptian nation will be able to preserve its wealth.

Archaeological Museum in Athens

It is the largest cultural center in Greece, housing exhibits different eras, but the collections of ceramics and sculpture are on the list of the richest in the world.

The museum's diverse collections include finds dating back to 6800 BC, including clay, stone and bone vessels, weapons, jewelry and tools.

Various museum attractions

Today we have compiled a list of ten famous museums in the world located in different countries that are on everyone’s lips. But there are also museums in the world that few people know about, but which would be worth finding out about, because they are very unusual. The video below shows some of them.

I hope the information presented in this article will help you in developing your research projects.

Good luck with your studies!

Evgenia Klimkovich.

6 chosen

Today the Tretyakov Gallery celebrates its birthday. It was founded by merchant Pavel Tretyakov 157 years ago, on June 4, 1856. I propose today to go on a cultural journey and visit other famous art galleries peace.

Louvre Art Gallery

How was it with Grishkovets in the play “Simultaneously”? Fly to Paris and immediately run from the plane to the Louvre, look at the Mona Lisa, because you are not like all the other tourists.

The Louvre, located in the royal palace, is the most famous, visited and oldest museum in the world.

In the collection of paintings of the Louvre about 6,000 works of art from the Middle Ages to the middleXIXcentury. Including "Mona Lisa", "St. Anne with the Madonna and Child Christ" and "Madonna of the Rocks" by Leonardo da Vinci, "The Imposition of the Crown of Thorns" and "Woman before a Mirror" by Titian, "Little holy family"Raphael, "The Oath of the Horatii" by Jacques-Louis David and many others.

The famous and unfortunate "Mona Lisa" has gone through so much here! One “modern Herostratus” poured acid on the painting, another threw a stone at its mysterious smile. After this, the canvas was protected with bulletproof glass, but still from time to time there are figures trying to encroach on it. I don’t know why she didn’t please them.

To avoid spending a lot of time in line, experienced tourists advise coming to the Louvre either early in the morning or after lunch. Another option is to try to enter not through the main entrance, but through shopping mall"Carousel".

Metropolitan Museum of Art

New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art has one of the largest art galleries in the world. But initially the collection was based on paintings from three private collections and consisted of only 174 canvases.

Today in the museum you can see paintings by Rembrandt, Velazquez, Van Gogh, Botticelli, Titian, El Greco and many other great painters.

A nice little thing - in quality entrance tickets The Metropolitan Museum of Art uses colorful badges that you can keep as a souvenir.

London National Gallery

The collection of the London Gallery is perhaps not as extensive as that of its predecessors, but no less representative. Here you can see paintings by almost all great artists. English School represented by the works of Gainsborough, Lawrence and the witty Hogarth, in particular his satirical series " Fashionable marriage". Among the Italians are Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Piero della Francesca, Titian, Veronese and many others. The Spaniards are El Greco, Goya, Velazquez. The Dutch school is represented by a rich collection of van Eyck, Bosch, Rubens, Rembrandt, van Dyck and many others .

Dresden Gallery

IN Dresden gallery can see collection of paintings by old masters– artists of the XIII-XVIII centuries. Previously, there were more late works art, but the collection grew so large that it had to be divided.

Paintings began to be collected back in the 15th century. And in XVII century Augustus II set out to collect a rich collection and began buying famous works art, including "Sleeping Venus" by Giorgione and "The Kingdom of Flora" by Poussin. Later, the collection was replenished with masterpieces by such authors as Titian, Cuccino, Rubens, Rembrandt and many others. In addition, in the Dresden Gallery you can see the famous " Sistine Madonna"Raphael.

By the way, the gallery is located in one of most beautiful places city ​​- in the Zwinger complex.

Prado

Has an impressive collection Madrid Prado Museum. Stored here most full meetings works by Bosch, Velazquez, Murillo, Goya and El Greco. In the gallery you can see the works of the most famous representatives of the Italian, Spanish, Flemish and German schools. Among them Raphael, Titian, Sandro Botticelli, Rubens, Anton van Dyck and many others.