Computer presentation for the lesson "Russian nesting doll". Presentation for the lesson (senior group) on the topic: Russian nesting doll

• The work was completed by a student of class 4 “A” of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 2 Alexander Zotov.
• Head: Pushkareva T.V.

• Methods.

• analysis of publications,
• analysis of collected illustrations of nesting dolls;
• analysis of types and styles of painting of nesting dolls.

• There is no information about the matryoshka doll in Dahl's dictionary.
• In Ozhegov's dictionary
• “Matryoshka is a semi-oval, full, painted wooden doll separated in the middle, into which other similar dolls of a smaller size are inserted.”

• In the new dictionary of the Russian language by T. F. Efremova:
• MATRYOSHKA
• 1. Russian toy in the form of a wooden painted doll, inside of which there are the same dolls of a smaller size. // One of these dolls.
• 2. trans. A plump, ruddy, round-faced girl, a girl who resembles such a doll

• Conclusion.
• Matryoshka – turning split colorful wooden product. In everyday life, most often a toy depicts a girl, wearing a sundress and a headscarf. Its conventional round shape has soft outlines and smooth transitions from the head to a wide body with a flat, stable base. The lightness of the round surfaces is noticed in the toy, fun game glare, colorful painting and accidental discovery in the cavity of the toy of two, eight, twelve or more figures - inserts.

• The name “matryoshka” comes from the favorite and common names in Rus': Masha, Manya, and others.

• 1 version.

• Version 2.

• The name "matryoshka" comes from the feminine
• named after Matryona, Matryosha, which is based on
• lies Latin word mater meaning mother.

• Version 3.

• The name "matryoshka" is associated with the name of the Hindu
• mother goddess Matri.

• Matryoshka name

• 1 nesting doll appeared in Japan at the very end of the 19th century. One of the first “puff” gods was Fukurokuju from Japan. He was the most popular in a large family, as he was responsible for happiness, prosperity, long years life and wisdom. He had to make a long journey to Russia.

• The first Russian nesting doll

• Creator artist
• CM. Malyutin

• stage – choosing a tree. The wood should be dry and easily give in to the hands of a craftsman.
• Stage 2 - sanding
• Stage 3 - turning the wooden form.
• Stage 4 - the grinder begins. It smooths out all the unevenness and roughness on the body of the nesting doll, making its surface smooth.
• Stage 5 - the artist's work.

• 1 group.
• Matryoshka dolls - pencil cases
• Matryoshka - chests
• Matryoshka dolls - magnets
• Matryoshka dolls "Vanka - Vstanka".

• Matryoshka magnet

• 2nd group
• Matryoshka "Cat"
• Matryoshka "Penguin"
• Matryoshka “Cheburashka and his friends”, etc.

• Sergievo-Posadskaya (now Zagorsk)
• Semenovskaya
• Polkhov – Maidanskaya
• Vyatskaya
• Tverskaya

• The matryoshka is similar to the first Russian nesting doll. She is dressed in a sundress, jacket, apron, scarf, and holds a bundle, basket or flowers in her hands. But the image itself became different in character - bright, catchy, open; The shape also became solid and stable.

• Zagorsk matryoshka.

• Semyonovskaya matryoshka.

• Matryoshka doll from Semyonov masters
• sharpened more slender and elongated,
• somewhat narrowed downwards.
• They portrayed lively beautiful girls in
• bright shawls.

• Masters from Pokhovsky Maidan have developed their own style decorative painting. , instead of a sundress and an apron - a wide oval, all filled with large “rosans”, “bells”, “apples”, and curly leaves. The nesting dolls do not have a scarf with tied ends, it falls from the head, there is no sundress or apron. Instead, there is a conventional oval on a two-color background - the top is red or yellow, the bottom is green or purple.

• In Vyatka matryoshka, in addition to traditional painting, its design uses an original artistic and technological technique, generally characteristic of products from this region - inlay with straws.

• Matryoshka dolls are carved from wood and hand-painted by artists. Each doll is an original work. Artists convey in drawing historical images; Familiar characters appear from under their brush: the shepherd Lel, the Snow Maiden, Princess Nesmeyana, etc., but every time they show off in a new outfit!

• Matryoshka dolls from different cities came to the fair. They brag to each other about who has a more beautiful outfit, who is better.
• “I,” shouts the Semyonovskaya nesting doll, “I am the slenderest.”
• “And I have more flowers,” Polkhov-Maidanovskaya shouts in response. The nesting dolls argue, make noise, and then disperse. They argued in vain, every matryoshka is good in its own outfit!

• I learned a lot of new and interesting things.
• I learned to compare, analyze, and classify objects by looking at them from all sides.
• I understood why the Russian Matryoshka is a symbol of Russia and people have liked it for so long.

• 1. Illustrations of nesting dolls. Estonia website. Polygon. http://www.polygon.ee/portal
• .Trud.ru No. 186 for 10/16/2002
• 2. . S. Ghazaryan "Beautiful - with your own hands."
• 3. N.N. Aleksakhin "Matryoshka", - M.: LLC "Publishing House" Public education", 1998
• 4. Russian Civilization - www.rustrana.ru
• Matryoshka. Based on materials from the book by N.N. Aleksakhina "Matryoshka"
• 5. Khokhryakova T.M. “Matryoshka in the life of a child” Tomsk, 1998

To use presentation previews, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

RUSSIAN DOLL

Once upon a time, a Japanese traditional wooden doll was brought from Japan, from the island of Honshu. It was the narrow-eyed wooden old man Fukuruma. The fukuruma opened up and contained several more figures nested inside one another.

S.A. was the first to paint a Russian nesting doll more than 100 years ago. Malyutin, and turned by turner Zvezdochkin. Everyone fell in love with the cheerful peasant girl. She was a round-faced peasant girl in an embroidered shirt, sundress and apron, in a colorful scarf, holding a black rooster in her hands. Russian wooden doll called matryoshka

The name Matryona, Matryosha was considered one of the most common female names. This name was associated with the mother of a large family, who had good health and a portly figure.

Making a matryoshka requires great skill. First they select suitable look wood Because of its softness, linden is mostly chosen, less often alder or birch.

Then you need to turn the workpiece out of wood, so that there is no knot or crack.

All rough edges must be removed.

After final drying and polishing, the smooth surface allows the artist to apply paint evenly

The artist will paint the nesting dolls with bright, cheerful colors, as if dressing them in elegant clothes. And now the Russian beauty is smiling at us.

And now the Russian beauty is smiling at us.

SERGIEVO POSAD MATRYOSHKA This nesting doll is the oldest Russian toy. It is dense, squat, with a smooth transition from the head to the body. In the images of the first such nesting dolls, masters embodied characters taken from life, depicting peasant girls, shepherdesses with a pipe, and old men. A combination of red, blue, yellow and green flowers they strived for colorfulness and elegance.

SERGIEVO POSAD MATRYOSHKA

SEMYONOVSKAYA MATRYOSHKA This nesting doll is slimmer, with a small head and more rounded shape torso. This matryoshka is distinguished by large bouquet flowers, which decorates the figure of the toy, occupying the entire apron. The main color of the sundress is red. The black outline marks the edge of the apron and shirt sleeves. On the head is a traditional scarf, decorated along the border.

SEMENOVSKAYA NESTING NESTS

POLKHOV-MAIDANSKAYA NESTING DOLL Of all the nesting dolls, it is the thinnest and tallest. These nesting dolls do not have a scarf with tied ends, a sundress and an apron. Instead, there is an oval on a two-color field, on which there are many bright colors. On the head is a half shawl with flowers.

POLKHOV - MAIDAN MATRYOSHKA

ZAGORSKAYA MATRYOSHKA The next matryoshka from the village of Zagorsk is the Zagorskaya matryoshka. These nesting dolls always wear sundresses, a blouse with embroidery, and a scarf on their heads. And on top of the sundress is an apron.

Zagorsk nesting dolls

RUSSIAN DOLL

Teacher primary classes Ryzhova T.V.

Interesting Facts about Matryoshka

The matryoshka is considered an original Russian souvenir, which foreigners try to bring from Russia.

Children play with matryoshka dolls with pleasure; dolls serve as decoration for interiors.

But it turns out that the Russian matryoshka does not have Russian roots at all.

There is still no reliable information about where the matryoshka came from; there are a lot of myths and legends about its origin

But most of researchers are inclined towards this.

History of origin

The prototype of the Russian matryoshka was the figurine of a Japanese god, which, like the matryoshka, moved apart, representing a container for a smaller figurine. The Japanese model, made with great humor, consisted of many figures of the Japanese sage Fukurum, inserted into each other - a bald old man with his head stretched up from numerous thoughts.

WHY WAS THE DOLL CALLED "MATRYOSHKA"?

Almost unanimously, all researchers refer to the fact that this name comes from female name Matryona, common in Russia: “The name Matryona comes from the Latin Matrona, which means “noble woman”, in the church it was written Matrona, among the diminutive names: Motya, Motrya, Matryosha, Matyusha, Tyusha, Matusya, Tusya, Musya.

That is, theoretically, a matryoshka could also be called a motka (or muska). It sounds strange, of course, but what’s worse, for example, “marfushka”?

Also a good and common name is Martha. Or Agafya, by the way, popular painting on porcelain is called “agashka”. Although we agree that “matryoshka” is a very apt name, doll really became “noble”

Symbol of Russian art

The matryoshka immediately gained unprecedented recognition as a symbol of Russian folk art.

Matryoshka dolls began to quickly spread throughout Russia; each province considered it its duty to “dress” a doll in accordance with local traditions.

Sometimes not only the outfit of the nesting doll changed, but also its shape - the doll became either spherical or oblong. The question of where to buy a matryoshka no longer arose - where it was developed folk craft, there were definitely nesting dolls.

Memory of Russia

Now it’s hard to imagine that two centuries ago such a toy did not exist in our country

The peak of the popularity of the nesting doll came in the early 60s of the twentieth century, when Soviet Union Foreigners began to come to participate in festivals and study.

They all tried to buy Russian nesting dolls as souvenirs of Russia.

Why exactly matryoshka dolls, and not, say, scarves or boxes?

Most likely, the reason for the popularity of the souvenir doll was that it was the personification of Russia itself with its broad soul, colorful outfits and large families.

The matryoshka symbolizes the continuation of life. A woman gives birth to a daughter, who in turn will give the world more life, and so on.

Matryoshka is a symbol of fertility, wealth, motherhood.

That is why she enjoys such popular love.

make a wish

There is a belief that if you put a note with a wish inside a nesting doll, it will certainly come true, and the more work put into the matryoshka, the more places there are in it and the better the painting of the doll, the faster the wish will come true.

The more internal figures, one smaller than the other, the more notes with wishes you can put there and wait for them to come true.

This is a kind of game, and the matryoshka here acts as a very charming, sweet, homely symbol, a real work of art.

Matryoshka as a gift

Today you can buy souvenir nesting dolls from unusual looking- heroes of Russian fairy tales and even politicians. Of course, such nesting dolls are made mainly for foreigners, but what is paradoxical is that foreigners most often buy traditional Russian nesting dolls, and not pretentious remakes.

What is it like, a real Russian nesting doll?

The classic Russian nesting doll consists of five or seven dolls, the smallest of which is a child. The Russian souvenir nesting doll is made of oak or alder, covered with lime mortar to prevent drying and varnish. They paint the nesting dolls with gouache or don’t paint them at all, but burn out the design, and so skillfully that at first glance you won’t understand that there is no paint on the nesting doll.

Matryoshka clothes

The outfit of a Russian nesting doll can be very diverse, but, as a rule, there is a painted scarf or kokoshnik and a floral ornament. In the hands of a nesting doll there may be a basket with berries and mushrooms, a bucket of water, or a sickle. You can meet a matryoshka bride and even a matryoshka groom, a matryoshka girl of marriageable age and a matryoshka matryoshka mature woman. Sometimes the artist “dresses” the nesting doll in a winter outfit - a sheepskin coat, a warm scarf, and even felt boots. By the painting you can find out the birthplace of the nesting doll.

Semenovskaya matryoshka

Now let’s get acquainted with the Semenov nesting dolls. They have bright bouquets on their aprons, the image of which is combined with the shape and size of the toy: the larger the nesting doll, the larger the flowers in its bouquet. The main color of the sundress is red. The black outline marks the edge of the apron and the sleeves of the jacket. On the head is a traditional scarf, decorated along the border. In painting they use the “speckled” technique, which is done with a “poke”.

SERGIEVO POSAD NESTING DOLL

The matryoshka dolls from Sergiev Posad are decorated rather modestly, the colors are not very bright, the doll is dressed in a sundress with an apron, and a scarf on his head.

VYATSKAYA MATRYOSHKA

The Vyatka nesting doll is the most northern of all Russian nesting dolls. She portrays a blue-eyed northern girl with a soft, shy smile. The face of this nesting doll fascinates and attracts you, they are so cute and friendly.

Polkhov Maidan Matryoshka doll

Polkhov - Maidan nesting dolls can be immediately recognized by unusual shape head, a characteristic flower and the traditional crimson color for this painting. Bright and rich colors sound in full force. Dark green goes next to crimson, and blue goes with yellow. All elements are united by a black outline. Masters from Polkhov-Maidan have developed their own special style of decorative flower painting. They strive to decorate their nesting doll in such a way that flowers, berries and leaves cover its figure with a continuous carpet. The face of the nesting doll is sometimes depicted in one black color, surrounded by funny curls.

painting "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish"

Friends of different heights But they look alike. They all live together And just one toy!

I picked up a brush and paints, Became a wizard from a fairy tale. There is a bright sundress on the nesting doll Painted for Polkhovsky Maidan.

Matryoshka Painting "Zhostovo motif"

"Fedoskino"

Purpose of the lesson: To know the history of the origin and development of the Russian nesting doll;
Learn to create an ornament using variations of different shapes.

• Education of artistic taste.
• Development in children creative imagination, imagination, ability to understand and appreciate beauty.
• Creating an image in embroidery and painting.

Content:
I. Organizational moment
II. Announcing the topic of the lesson in the form of a riddle:
There are sisters hiding in this young woman.
Each sister is a dungeon for the little one. (Matryoshka)
III. Announce the purpose and objectives and content of the lesson.
IV. Repetition of the material covered takes place in the quiz “Agreement, disagreement” (children work with cards).
V. Physical education minute (checking readiness for the lesson)
VI. Introducing a new topic.
VII. Test work
VIII. Peer review
IX. Physical education (warm-up for the eyes, ophthalmological table)
X. Practical work
XI. Work evaluation

Studying new topic begins with the theoretical part (studying the history of the development of the nesting doll) and viewing the presentation.

A matryoshka is a wooden, brightly painted doll, hollow inside, in the form of a semi-oval figure, into which other similar dolls of a smaller size are inserted. (Dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov)

Although the nesting doll has long gained a reputation as a symbol of our country, its roots are by no means Russian. According to the most common version, the history of the nesting doll originates in Japan. How did this happen?

Japan is a land of many gods. Each of them was responsible for something: either for the harvest, or helped the righteous, or was the patron of the happiness of art. Japanese gods are varied and multifaceted: cheerful, angry, wise... Yogis believed that a person has several bodies, each of which was patronized by a god. Entire sets of god figures were popular in Japan. And here in late XIX century, someone decided to place several figures one inside the other. The first such fun was the figurine of the Buddhist sage Fukuruma, a good-natured bald old man who was responsible for happiness, prosperity and wisdom.

The Japanese figurine made its journey to Russia and was met with interest by turner Vasily Zvezdochkin. It was he who carved similar figures from wood, which were also nested inside one another. Famous artist Sergei Malyutin painted the figure in the Russian style - it was a round-faced, ruddy girl in a colorful scarf, a sundress, with a black rooster in her hand. The toy consisted of eight figures. Girls alternated with boys, and this family was crowned by a swaddled baby. It should be noted that the ability to paint turned items existed in Russia long before the matryoshka doll - in the tradition of turning and painting wooden eggs for Easter. So japanese figures found themselves on prepared Russian soil.

The most common name in Rus' was Matryona, if affectionately, then Matryoshka. That’s what they called the wooden young lady. Over time, the name Matryoshka became a household name.

The first Russian nesting dolls were created in Sergiev Posad as fun for children, which helped them master the concepts of shape, color, quantity and size. Such toys were quite expensive. But demand for them appeared immediately. A few years after the appearance of the first nesting doll, almost the entire Sergiev Posad was making these charming dolls. The original plot of the Russian nesting doll is Russian girls and women, rosy-cheeked and plump, dressed in sundresses and scarves, with dogs, cats, baskets, and flowers.

The Russian nesting doll became so famous that orders began to come even from abroad. At the beginning of the 20th century, a real matryoshka boom began. In addition to the traditional girl in a sundress, images of shepherdesses with a pipe, bearded men, brides and grooms appeared. Later, themed nesting dolls appeared, depicting, for example, characters literary heroes. Thus, for the centenary of N.V. Gogol, a series of matryoshka dolls - the heroes of Gogol's "The Inspector General" - was released. The theme of fairy tales has also always attracted Russian nesting doll masters. They illustrated “Turnip”, “Ivan Tsarevich”, “Firebird” and others. The imagination of the masters knew no bounds. Today, nesting dolls depicting historical and political figures are quite popular. But the main purpose of the nesting doll - to present a surprise - remains unchanged.

How is a matryoshka born? This process is quite complicated and requires considerable skill and patience. Each master has his own secrets. First you need to choose a tree. As a rule, these are linden, birch, and aspen. And it should be smooth, without knots. The tree is cut down in winter or early spring so that there is little sap in it. The trunk is processed and stored so that the wood is blown. It is important not to dry out the log. Drying time is approximately two years. The masters say that the tree should ring.

The smallest nesting doll that does not open is the first to be born. Following it is the lower part (bottom) for the next one. The upper part of the second nesting doll is not dried, but is immediately put on the bottom. Due to the fact that the upper part is dried in place, the parts of the nesting doll fit tightly to each other and hold well.

When the body of the nesting doll is ready, it is sanded and primed. And then the process begins that gives each nesting doll its own individuality - painting. First, the base of the drawing is applied with a pencil. Then the contours of the mouth, eyes, cheeks are outlined. And then they draw clothes for the matryoshka. Typically, when painting, they use gouache, watercolor or acrylic. Each locality has its own canons of painting, its own colors and shapes.

A good nesting doll is distinguished by the fact that: all its figures easily fit into each other; two parts of one nesting doll fit tightly and do not dangle; the drawing is correct and clear; Well, and, of course, a good nesting doll should be beautiful.

After familiarizing themselves with the theoretical part of the lesson, children begin practical work.