Portuguese names and titles in Russian text. How names are given in Portugal How Brazilian names and surnames are formed

To begin with, let's divide all the names into main groups depending on their origin. There are 4 varieties in total:

traditional;
ancient Germanic;
Roman;
Christian.

Traditional names come from the names of characteristics, character traits or appearance. For example, “Branca” is Portuguese for “white”, and Imaculada is a derivative of the Portuguese “imaculada”, meaning “immaculate”.

Ancient Germanic borrowings in the anthroponymy of the Portuguese language go back to the times when the Vandals and Visigoths lived in the territories of modern Portugal (IV century AD). In the list of Portuguese female names, this is the second largest group. Examples of such names are Adélia (from the ancient German “Adala (Adela)” - “noble”), Adelaide (translated - “man of the noble class”).

The Middle Ages were marked by a sharp surge of interest in antiquity. Writers dedicated entire works to their ancient colleagues, performances of that time were staged on stages, and architects tried to include certain motifs of those times in the design of facades. This hobby did not leave its mark on the anthroponymy of the Spanish language - many name names appeared, originating from the Roman cognomen. For example, Diana (by analogy with the Roman goddess of the hunt).

The most extensive group of beautiful Portuguese female names are names taken from church books and calendars. Faith came to the people gradually - first Christianity took shape in the territory (2nd century AD), and later Catholicism was established as the main religion (the process took place from the 8th to the 15th centuries). Along this “path” a huge number of Hebrew, Latin and Ancient Greek names came to Portuguese. For example, Bethania (Hebrew, meaning “house of figs”, goes back to the name of the biblical city “Bethany”).

This type contains the most popular female Portuguese names, according to the latest statistics collected. The fact is that the people of Portugal are very scrupulous about choosing the name of their unborn child. At the legislative level, a list of acceptable and unacceptable names is established, including spelling features. That is why the biblical Mary and Anna have remained in first place in popularity for many years in a row.

For Brazilians, everything is different - they use modern European and local, latin names. They can choose from the whole mass of names, assigning the sound they like to any graphic display in official documents. Everything is explained by the high number of emigrants, each of whom brings something of their own to the language.

Conclusion

We have analyzed the main groups of Portuguese names depending on their origin. As a result of this mini-study, it turned out that the historical background can directly influence the composition of the language, in particular, anthroponymic models.

If you can't decide on a name for future daughter, we offer for your reference a list of Portuguese names, which is located below.

To the category "common" Portuguese surnames » refers to the surname Peres. In Spanish, the surname sounds like Perez. The Portuguese variant of the surname Peres has a rare archaic form. In the Middle Ages, this surname was pronounced "Perez". Currently in Portuguese it sounds like "Pires", and is written as Pires. In families where Portuguese surname recorded before the change in pronunciation, the Portuguese version "Peres" was preserved. Portuguese surname Peres and Spanish surname Perez was formed from the personal name Pedro using the endings (ez) or (es). The ending indicates ownership, that is, it answers the question (whose?). In Russian there is a similar ending(s). The Portuguese surname Perez is quite common in Latin America and Spain. In the USA, the surname Perez belongs to immigrants from Spain and countries. In the United States, this surname is one of the hundred most common surnames. She ranks forty-second. There are four hundred thousand people in the United States who bear surnames. The surname Perez ranks seventh among surnames that are of Hispanic origin. The surname Peres is found among modern Israeli surnames. It means "bearded man". This is the name of a bird from the hawk family. The full name of the Portuguese consists of three parts. The first part is the personal name (or two names). The second part is the mother's last name. The third part is the father's surname. Let's look at an example. Joao Paulo Rodrigues Almeida is the full name of the Portuguese. Joao and Paulo are two personal names of the Portuguese, Rodrigues is the surname of the Portuguese mother, Almeida is the surname of the Portuguese father. Rodrigo Gomes Silva is the full name of the Portuguese. Rodrigo is the Portuguese's personal name, Gomes is his mother's surname, Silva is his father's surname. Maria Philippa Guimarães da Costa is the full name of the Portuguese. Maria and Philippa are personal names, Guimarães is the mother's surname, Costa is the father's surname. In everyday life, Portuguese people are called by their father's surname. in which they lived. Among the Portuguese, the Portuguese surname Almeida is common. The Russian version of this surname is Almeida. In Portugal there is an urban village called Almeida. It is the center of the municipality of the same name, part of the Guarda district. The Guarda district consists of fourteen municipalities and is distributed between the Northern and Central regions. An area in Portugal, which is part of the Guarda district, is named after Almeida. Bearers of the Portuguese surname Almeida are Manuel de Almeida, Nicolau Tolentin de Almeida, Hugo Miguel Pereira de Almeida and Francisco de Almeida. Many famous people have Portuguese surnames. The surname Barbosa is Portuguese. Among the famous people who wear it are: writer Jorge Barbosa, Brazilian basketball player Leonardo Barbosa, film and theater actress, famous TV presenter, fashion model, Marina Rui Barbosa. The Portuguese surname is pronounced Gomes or Gomes. And the Brazilian surname Gomes is transliterated into Russian as Gomez. The surnames of Cordeiro are the Portuguese writer Luciano Cordeiro, the Portuguese playwright Joao Ricardo Cordeiro, the Portuguese poet and publicist Felizberto Inácio Januário Cordeiro, and the Brazilian footballer of the Hong Kong national team Christiano Cordeiro. Famous representatives of the Portuguese surname Rodrigues are: Portuguese singer Amalia Rodrigues, Portuguese Jesuit Siman Rodrigues, Portuguese football player Francisco José Rodrigues da Costa, born in 1974.

Famous representatives of the Portuguese surname Rosset are the Brazilian Formula 1 race driver Ricardo Rosset, lieutenant general, Vilensky, Minsk governor who lived in the nineteenth century Arkady Osipovich Rosset, the best tennis player in Switzerland, who became the Olympic champion in 1992, Marc Rose.

traditional;
ancient Germanic;
Roman;
There are several groups of names based on origin, including:

church. Traditional ones previously pointed out as the main meaning the attribute of a certain person, his characteristic feature

, on what made him stand out. Take a look: Cândido (from the Portuguese "cândido", i.e. "white, light"), Celestino (from the Portuguese "celestino" or "azure, sky blue"), Patrício (from the Portuguese "patrício" - "aristocrat") .

In the list of Portuguese male names, there was also room for ancient Germanic borrowings. Everything is explained by the common area of residence of the Germanic tribes and the then unformed Portuguese nation (IV century AD). Examples include Manfredo (from the ancient German “Manifred (Manfred)” - “man of the world”), Ramão (from the ancient German “Reginmund”: “protection of the law”).

The language also shows Roman influence. During the Middle Ages, the fashion for antiquity captured the whole of Europe. No country was left behind. Everywhere they tried to build buildings with elements of the architecture of those times, productions based on the works of ancient authors were created in the theater, and interest in the life of the deities glorified in books increased. This is how Roman names came into the anthroponymic system of names. For example, “Paulo” (from the Roman personal name “Paulus” - “modest, small”), Renato (from the Roman cognomen “Renatus”, which means “born again, reborn”). The most extensive group of names are borrowings from church books and reference books. This situation is typical for the Portuguese, as one of the European nationalities. However, there is one “but” here: Christianization occurred gradually. In the 2nd century, religion appeared in these lands, and took shape from the 8th to the 15th centuries (the period is called the “Reconquista”, which is a period of time when the Iberian Christians tried to conquer lands on the Iberian Peninsula from the Moorish emirates).

Thanks to religion, the following names appeared in the language: Rafael (derived from the Hebrew name, translated meaning “God healed”, the Russian equivalent in the text of the Holy Scriptures is Raphael), Raquel (from the Hebrew “Rachel” - “lamb”).

Popular male Portuguese names and naming

In Portugal and Brazil, the approach to choosing a name is different. In the first of these countries, acceptable and unacceptable name options are fixed at the legislative level, even down to the correct spelling option. Probably, in this way the government is fighting for the purity of the language. By the way, the names of biblical characters and canonized saints appear on the list of popular ones today. Look: João (from the Hebrew "Yochanan", which translates as "Yahweh is merciful"), Tomás (Hebrew origin, meaning "twin", analogous to our "Thomas").

In Brazil, things are different with naming. There are many emigrants living in the country, and they all bring something to the language. Therefore, a name of any origin can be chosen as a name for a child. Moreover, parents usually do not think (as the Portuguese do) about the spelling of a word. As a result, one name appears in several variations in writing.

Conclusion

So we've looked at the key types of Portuguese boy names. It was possible to find out that the connection between historical events, there are political and social changes. And any occurring phenomenon can affect the anthroponymy of a particular language.

Below is a list of male Portuguese given names and surnames. If you have difficulty choosing, we recommend using it.

Portuguese names originated in the distant past and mixed with the traditions of Spain. Names can consist of several variants and surnames at the same time. Moreover, they are selected only from a list approved by the government. This list contains only saints and those who passed the spelling test. Portugal has a separate list of prohibited substances, and it is updated every year. The rules for constructing names are also interesting. If a Portuguese had only one surname, it would cause great confusion.

Composition of a Portuguese name

Portuguese names consist of a personal name and two surnames - mother and father (Maria Gomes Silva). Moreover, the maternal one always goes first (although vice versa is not prohibited). But in life, a person is most often called only by his father’s (last) surname. In our case - Silva. Or the name (Maria) is added to it in front.

How to choose a personal name

As with everything in Portugal, the personal name is chosen from a list of relatives. Usually grandparents. In addition to the name given by the parents, the child receives a second one at baptism. It can be given by a priest or godparents. Subsequently, only one name is used. More often - given by parents. However, the Portuguese may even have five personal names.

Surnames

Portuguese contain two at once - paternal and maternal. But it is not uncommon for there to be more options. This is usually practiced by the Basques and nobility. Some may even have four surnames in their own. If desired, they are separated by the preposition “and”. But in modern times it came to be considered old-fashioned. Therefore, it is mainly the Portuguese who use separation with the preposition noble origin. Sometimes the particle “de” is placed between surnames. Or they combine it with the article “los”, “la” or “las”. The second surname can be taken from the name of the place of birth or residence.

Female names

Portuguese female names have been carefully selected. According to tradition, they are based only on names from the Catholic calendar (saints) or traditional ones that are not on the prohibited list. Many Portuguese babies are called by their parents with names that have ancient Brazilian, Greek, Provençal, Jewish or Germanic roots. A large number of come not from the saints, but from their epithets. For example, Maria Dolores (Mourner) or Remedios (Healing).

Over many centuries they have changed a lot, but they have not lost their beauty and melody. Girls in Portugal are given two names. After them come that in their sound they resemble names. For complete completion, one or two husband's surnames are added (if the woman is married).

Since the main source of personal names is the Bible, many have Semitic roots (Aramaic and Hebrew). The most popular Portuguese names:

Having Greek roots:

Catalina.
Elena.
Barbara.
Veronica.
Paula.

Erika.
Caroline.
Frida.
Matilda.
Louis.

Male names

Portuguese male names are chosen on the basis of female names. Since the Portuguese are very religious, the names of saints from the Catholic calendar are preferred. And those that have passed government censorship and spelling. For example, the King of Spain has five personal names, but in life he uses one - Juan Carlos.

Boys traditionally receive double name, to which the surnames of the father and mother are added. The paternal one is placed ahead of the maternal one. Multi-step names are the norm in Portugal, but it is not always clear how they were formed. Sometimes used diminutive form- variants of both names are “compressed” into one.

The most common names with Semitic roots:

Miguel.
Daniel.
Jose.
Juan.
Adan.
David.
Thomas.
Jaime.
Elias.

The most common Portuguese names (male) with Greek roots:

Pedro.
Jorge.
Alejandro.
Nicholas.
Ector.
Pablo.
Sergio.
Andres.

The most common names of Germanic origin:

Alberto.
Alfonso.
Carlos.
Gonzalo.
Roberto.
Louis.
Rodrigo.
Fernando.
Federico.
Enrique.
Ernesto and some others.

Common Portuguese names

The list of Portuguese names is very long. It is published on the website of the country's Ministry of Justice. All organizations that register a newborn are required to follow this list. It also has a separate column - prohibited names.

The most popular name in Portugal is Maria. Its greatest distribution is motivated by euphony and religiosity. Moreover, most often this name is combined with the male Jose or other female ones (Magdalena, Antonia, Carolina, etc.). A domestic metamorphosis also occurs with the personal name “Anu”. After them come the Portuguese names Matilda, Beatrice, Ana and some others.

Among male names, the most common name is Juan (“Ivan” translated into Russian). Then follow Rodrigo, Martin, Thomas and some others. The procedure for converting one name into a double or triple name is similar female version. Only female name always comes second. Such options are also not uncommon in Portugal. This custom is considered quite fashionable among the upper classes and nobility.

How Portuguese names change after marriage

Women's first and last names do not change upon marriage. When a Portuguese woman gets married, her surname does not change. She simply adds one more - her spouse. Occasionally - two of his surnames. Children born in this marriage receive one mother's and father's surnames, or all four parental surnames.

Interesting facts about Portuguese names

The restriction on what a newborn can be named in Portugal applies only to indigenous residents of the country. If one of the parents is an immigrant, then the baby can be given any name not included in the special list.

Although Portuguese names can consist of several surnames or various combinations with the addition of suffixes, prefixes, etc., in everyday life only one of their names is used. But in official documents only the full one should be used, even if it consists of four parental surnames, or other numerous combinations.

But there are some exceptions. For example, long Portuguese surnames are rarely written in telephone directories. Usually only the latter is used. Moreover, previous affixes to it are skipped. There are also nicknames in Portugal. When they are formed, a small suffix inh is placed before the last vowel. And, for example, Teresa (with the suffix - Teresinha (Terezinka)) turns into “little Teresa”.

Sometimes the opposite is used, increasing suffixes. And the name becomes more “weighty”, “heavy”. Abbreviations are sometimes used. But for the most part, Portuguese names are converted into diminutives.