Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Alex Tarn - Protocols of the Elders of Zion

For a long time, the Protocols were a reference book for anti-Semites. As is known, they are about a kind of Jewish-Masonic conspiracy: wars, revolutions and capitalism were supposedly supposed to, according to the plans of the “wise men,” lead to the fall of the monarchy and the destruction of Christian civilization, clearing the way for world Jewish domination.

As a result of research conducted by leading Russian historian Mikhail Lepekhin, it became known that the protocols were written by Matvey Golovinsky, who devoted his life to espionage and propaganda activities. Having worked for the Tsarist secret police, he subsequently changed his political orientation and joined the Bolsheviks.

Golovinsky was born in 1865 in Ivashevka (Simbirsk province). His father was friendly with Dostoevsky and was sentenced to death for his participation in the conspiracy. He was subsequently pardoned and died when Matvey was 10 years old, so the child remained to live with his mother and French governess.

After briefly studying law, Golovinsky joined the Holy Brotherhood, an anti-Semitic secret society that used falsifications as a means of fighting revolutionaries. He was engaged in publishing newspapers and pamphlets using falsified materials. As a result of the contacts established, Golovinsky managed to get a job in the government press department, where he published articles in “obedient” newspapers and paid remuneration to some journalists.

After the death of his patron, Golovinsky was publicly exposed by Maxim Gorky as an informant and was forced to go abroad. Settling in Paris, he came into contact with the head of the Russian secret police, Pierre Ratchkovsky, who offered him a job writing stories about Russia for the French press.

Subsequently, Golovinsky was entrusted with a more important task. Reactionary circles in Moscow, shocked by the successes of the reformers around Nicholas II, were fired up with the idea of ​​fabricating a fake that would show the Tsar that the growth of capitalism in Russia was in fact a Jewish conspiracy to overthrow the monarch himself and the entire Tsarist regime.

At the end of 1900 - beginning of 1901, Golovinsky sat down to work. In writing the Protocols, he took much from a pamphlet written in 1864 by an anti-Bonapartist lawyer who accused Napoleon III of being involved in a conspiracy to usurp all power in France.
TO THE READERS
The book brought to the attention of readers is of interest in several respects. First of all, it answers the question of the authenticity of the document, which is still in circulation as one of the grounds for Black Hundred anti-Semitic propaganda.
The prominent English scholar Norman Cohn, based on a significant number of documents, traces the history of the creation of a fake, which, under the name “Protocols of the Elders of Zion,” was launched at the beginning of the 20th century by pogromists in Russia, and then used in Germany during the preparation for the Nazis’ coming to power.
I myself had to hear about the reappearance of this fake in the “samizdat” of the Black Hundreds in 1977, and later “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion” became widely known in our country. Unfortunately, the history of the fake was covered in detail only in the foreign press. Although the inauthentic nature of the document is generally recognized, which is reflected, for example, in all recent editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica and in other standard Western European and American reference works, our reader has not yet had a sufficiently complete and detailed description of the history of the creation of this forged text .
The main milestones in revealing how the document was fabricated were outlined by the outstanding researcher of modern Russian history Burtsev. Drawing on Burtsev's revelations and work done by other researchers, Cohn convincingly traces the stages of creating a fake. Using intertextual research methods, he irrefutably proves that the basis for the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” and their subsequent modifications, which were widely used for Black Hundred propaganda purposes, was a brilliant French political pamphlet of the last century.
One of the main methods of this propaganda was and still is the dissemination of fiction about an alleged Jewish (in Nazi terminology, “Judeo-Masonic”) conspiracy aimed at enslaving other peoples. One of the recent manifestations of this general trend was the discourse on Russophobia that flooded our press.
Unfortunately, this is further evidence of the relevance of Norman Cohn's book, which recreates that gloomy atmosphere first in Russia at the beginning of the century, then in pre-fascist Germany, which made it possible to spread the fake.
Kohn's book will be usefully read by all readers.
Vyacheslav Ivanov
People's Deputy of the USSR,
doctor philological sciences, Professor

Chapter I. "PROTOCOLS OF THE ELDERDS OF ZION" AND "DIALOGUE IN HELL"
1
The people who spread the myth of a worldwide Jewish conspiracy in the 19th century make up a rather motley group. This is Barrel and the Simonini Letter at the beginning of the century; much later, in the last third of the century, Gedsche in Germany and the “Rabbi’s Speech”; the French Gougno de Mousseau, Archbishop Meran, Abbot Chabot, Edouard Drumont, Russian Brafmann, Pole Lutostansky, Serb Osman Bey. These people together cleared the way for the famous forgery, which for a long time outlived their own works, which had sunk into oblivion.
“Around 1840,” wrote Osman Bey in his book “The Conquest of the World by the Jews,” “the Jewish Parliament was convened in Krakow. It was something like an Ecumenical Council, where the leaders of the Chosen People gathered for a meeting. The purpose of the meeting was to determine the means most suitable for the Jews to achieve dominion over the entire globe."
This fantasy formed the basis of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. The "Protocols" consist of reports or notes for reports in which a member of the secret Jewish government - the "wise men of Zion" - lays out a plan to achieve world domination.
The number of “protocols,” reports, or chapters in the usual, standard version is twenty-four; they are collected in a pamphlet, which in both English editions of a small format is about one hundred pages long. The content of the "Protocols" is not so easy to convey, since they are verbose and presented in a pompous style, and their argumentation is evasive and devoid of logic. However, with some effort, three main themes can still be discerned in them: a critique of liberalism, an analysis of the methods supposedly allowing the Jews to achieve world domination, and a description of their future world state. These themes are presented in the most disorderly manner, but in general it can be said that the first two predominate in the first nine "protocols", while the remaining fifteen are devoted mainly to the description of the coming kingdom. If we try to organize the argumentation of the “Protocols”, then, in general terms, it looks like this.
The calculations of the “wise men” are based on a specific understanding of politics. In their opinion, political freedom is just an idea - an idea that has great appeal to the masses, but which has never been put into practice. Liberalism, which undertakes this insoluble task, ultimately leads only to chaos, because people are not able to govern themselves, they do not know what they really want, they are easily deceived by appearances, and are not able to make the right decision when it is necessary to choose. When the aristocracy was in power, which was quite just, and freedom was in its hands, it used it for the common good; for example, she took care of the workers whose labor she lived with. But the aristocracy is a thing of the past, and the liberal order that replaced it is not viable and must inevitably lead to despotism. Only a tyrant can restore order in society. Moreover, since there are more wicked people in the world than good people, force remains the only acceptable means of government. Might is always right, and in modern world the basis of such power is capital and control over it. Today gold rules the world.
For many centuries there has been a conspiracy to concentrate all political power in the hands of those who are able to use it correctly - that is, in the hands of the “Elders of Zion”. Much has already been done, although the conspiracy itself has not yet achieved its goal. In accordance with the very precisely formulated plans of the "wise men" in the period preceding the establishment of their domination over the whole world, the non-Jewish states that still exist, but are already sufficiently weakened, must be destroyed.
First, for this it is necessary to achieve an increase in discontent and anxiety in each state. Fortunately, the means for this are provided by the very nature of liberalism. Already, by encouraging endless propaganda of liberal ideas and incessant chatter in parliaments, the “wise men” are helping to achieve complete confusion in the minds of the common people. Confusion and disunity will increase thanks to a multi-party system: the "wise men" carefully deepen the differences by secretly supporting all parties. They will ensure that the people are alienated from their leaders. In particular, they will stir up constant discontent among the workers, pretending to support their demands, but at the same time secretly doing everything possible to lower the standard of living.
In any state it is necessary to discredit the government. The aristocracy must ultimately be destroyed by increased taxation on land; Since aristocrats will never give up a luxurious lifestyle, it is necessary to help them get entangled in debt. As a result, a presidential form of government should be introduced, which makes it possible for the “wise men” to nominate their puppets to the presidency; Preference should be given to people with a “dark past” to make it easier to control their activities. Freemasonry and secret societies must be made obedient instruments in the hands of the “wise men”; any Mason who resists must be physically destroyed. The industry is concentrated in the hands of giant monopolies so that the property of non-Jews can be instantly destroyed when the “wise men” need it.
Relations between states should also be undermined. It is necessary to aggravate national hatred until mutual understanding between nations is completely lost. Stocks of weapons must gradually increase, and wars must be started as often as possible. These wars, however, should not lead to the final victory of any country, but only contribute to the creation of even greater economic chaos. In the meantime, it is necessary to constantly undermine the moral foundations of non-Jews. Widely promote atheism, a beautiful lifestyle, debauchery and vice; For this purpose, the “wise men” are already introducing teachers and governesses specially selected as agents into the homes of non-Jews. Particular care should be taken to encourage drunkenness and prostitution.
The "Wise Men" admit that the Gentiles may still be able to thwart their plot, but they are quite confident that they can break all resistance. They can use the common people to overthrow the rulers, reducing the masses to such a degree of impoverishment that they will simultaneously rise up in all countries at once and, under the complete control of the “wise men,” destroy all private property, with the exception, of course, of property belonging to the Jews. They can play one government off against another; after many years of skillfully weaving intrigues and encouraging mutual enmity, they can easily achieve the outbreak of war against any nation that opposes their will. Even if by chance all of Europe united against them, they could turn to the support of the guns of America, China and Japan. In addition, there is also a metro: underground railway lines were invented for the sole purpose of giving the “wise men” the opportunity to blow up any capital in the event of serious opposition. After this, the remnants of the opposition can be destroyed at any time with the help of terrible diseases. There was even a possibility: if some Jews showed obstinacy, they would be dealt with through anti-Semitism.
Looking around the modern world with their inner gaze, the “wise men” prepare the ground for far-reaching plans. Already now they can state that they have destroyed religions, especially Christianity. Now that the influence of the Jesuits has been reduced to nothing, and the papacy is defenseless, it can be destroyed at any moment. The prestige of secular rulers also declines; murders and assassination threats force them to appear in public only surrounded by bodyguards, and the killers are glorified as true martyrs. Neither rulers nor aristocrats can now rely on the loyalty of the common people. Economic unrest has shaken social foundations. Clever financial manipulations led to economic decline and huge public debts; finances have fallen into a state of complete confusion, the gold standard [The gold standard is a system of monometallism, in which one metal (gold) serves as the universal equivalent and the basis of monetary circulation. It was first established in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, and in most other capitalist countries at the end of the 19th century. In Russia in the 19th century. silver played this role. In 1897, the gold standard was introduced, under which gold coins circulated freely and were exchanged for banknotes. The gold standard met the needs of developing European and Russian capitalism. - Approx. ed.] everywhere led to a national catastrophe.
The time will soon come when the Gentile states, pushed to the limit, will be glad to hand over the reins of government to the “wise men” who have already managed to lay the foundation for future domination. Instead of an aristocracy, they have established a plutocracy, or the rule of gold, and gold is completely under their control. They established control over legislative activity and brought the laws into complete confusion; the invention of arbitration is a clear example of these diabolical tricks. They have firmly taken control of the education system. In this area, their destructive influence was reflected in the invention of teaching with the help of visual aids. The purpose of this technique is to turn non-Jews into “unthinking, obedient animals, waiting for evidence to figure it out...”.
The "wise men" already exercise control over politics and politicians; all parties - from the most conservative to the extremely radical - are essentially tools in their hands. Hiding behind the backs of Freemasonry, the "wise men" penetrated the secrets of all states, and, as any government knows, they are powerful enough to bring into existence societies with new social orders or, conversely, destroy a society whenever they want. After centuries of struggle, costing the lives of thousands of non-Jews and even many Jews, perhaps only a hundred years separate the “wise men” from finally achieving their goal.
Their goal is the advent of the “messianic age”, when the whole world will be united by one religion, that is, Judaism, and it will be ruled by a Jewish ruler from the line of David. This century is sanctified from above, for God himself chose the Jews for world domination, but its structure will be distinguished by a very specific political structure. Society will be organized in full accordance with the principle of inequality; the masses in it are separated from politics; education and the press suppress even the slightest interest in politics. All publications are heavily censored, and freedom of speech and association is severely restricted. These restrictions will be presented as temporary measures that will supposedly be lifted after all the enemies of the people have been dealt with, but in fact they will be permanent. History will be taught only as a visual aid to highlight the difference between the chaos of the past and the ideal order of the present; the successes of the new world empire will be constantly contrasted with the political weakness and failures of the previous Gentile governments. Every member of society will be under surveillance. A numerous secret police would be recruited from all sections of the population, and every citizen would be under strict obligation to report all criticisms of the regime. Anti-government agitation will be equated to the most shameful crime, comparable only to theft or murder. Every manifestation of liberalism will be put an end to, and unconditional obedience will be required from everyone. Freedom will be promised in the indefinite future, but this promise is ephemeral.
On the other hand, a high standard of living of the population will be ensured. Unemployment will be eliminated, and taxes will be made dependent on income. The interest of the “little” person will be spurred by the development of small-scale production. Education will be planned so that young people are trained according to their background. Drunkenness is condemned, as is any manifestation of independent will.
All this will give the masses satisfaction and peace, and the example of the leaders will help them in this. Laws will become clear and unchangeable, and judges will become incorruptible and infallible. All Jewish leaders will be selected from among capable, business-minded and benevolent people. Moreover, the paramount chief will be a man of eminent merit; all unsuitable heirs are ruthlessly eliminated. This Jewish ruler will communicate freely with people, accept their petitions; no one will guess that he is constantly surrounded by secret police agents. He must lead an impeccable private life, without patronizing his relatives; he will not own any property. He is called upon to constantly work on the instructions of the government. The result will be a world without violence or injustice, in which all will enjoy the true benefits of society. The nations of the world will rejoice and praise the wonderful government, and therefore the kingdom of Zion will last long.
This is the plan that is attributed to these mysterious gentlemen, the “wise men of Zion.”
* * *
The general public first learned about it after several editions of the Protocols were published in Russia between 1903 and 1907. The earliest printed version, with minor abbreviations, is the version that appeared in the St. Petersburg newspaper Znamya, where it was published from August 28 to September 7, 1903. The editor-publisher of "Znamya" was P.A. Krushevan, a known ardent anti-Semite. A few months before the “Protocols” appeared in print, he organized a pogrom in Chisinau, during which 45 Jews were killed, more than 400 were wounded, and 1,300 Jewish houses and shops were destroyed.
Krushevant did not say who forwarded or gave him this manuscript; he only mentioned that it was a translation of a document written in France, which the translator entitled “Minutes of the Meetings of the World Union of Freemasons and Elders of Zion”; He himself entitled them: “The program for the conquest of the world by the Jews.”
Two years later, the same version, but this time without abbreviations, appeared in the form of a pamphlet entitled “The Root of Our Troubles” with the subtitle “Where is the Root of the Modern Disorder in the Social Order of Europe in General and Russia in Particular. Excerpts from the Ancient and Modern Protocols of the World Union Freemasons." This work was transferred to the St. Petersburg Censorship Committee on December 9, 1905; permission for publication was received immediately, and in the same month the brochure appeared in St. Petersburg with the imprint of the Imperial Guard. The editor's name was not mentioned, but it is likely that in reality it was a retired officer named G.V. Butmi, a close friend of Krushevan, both of them are from Bessarabia.
At that time, from October 1905, Butmi and Krushevan took an active part in the formation of the far-right organization - the "Union of the Russian People" - known as the "Black Hundred", which created armed units to fight radicals, liberals and for mass bloodshed massacres of Jews. In January 1906, the organization again published the pamphlet The Root of Our Troubles, but this time the editor's name, Butmy, was on the cover and it was given a new title, "Enemies of the Human Race." The main part of the book is subtitled “Protocols extracted from the secret repositories of the Zion General Chancellery (Where is the root of modern disorder in the social system of Europe in general, and in Russia in particular).” This brochure appeared this time with the output data not of the Imperial Guard, but of the School for the Deaf and Dumb. Three new editions of this version of the Protocols appeared in 1906 and two more in 1907, all in St. Petersburg; in addition, they were at the same time published in Kazan with the subtitle “Excerpts from the ancient and modern protocols of the Elders of Zion of the Universal Society of Franc-Massons.”
"The Root of Our Troubles" and "Enemies of the Human Race" are cheap pamphlets aimed at the mass reader. The “Protocols” are presented in a completely different way in the book that appeared entitled “The Great in the Small and the Antichrist as a Imminent Political Possibility.” Its author was the mystical writer Sergei Nilus. The “Protocols” were not included in the first edition of his book (1903). They were included in the second edition, which was published in December 1905 with the imprint of the local branch of the Red Cross in Tsarskoe Selo. Subsequently, we will see that this publication was prepared with a specific purpose - to impress Nicholas II, and therefore bore the imprint of the mystery of the original source. The beautifully published book was camouflaged as those mystical works that the king loved to read. In addition, it contained references to events in France and other countries, while the Krushevan-Butmi edition was more focused on events taking place in the Russian Empire.
Let's go back a little. So, Nilus's book was approved by the Moscow Censorship Committee on September 28, 1905, but still remained in manuscript; nevertheless, it appeared in print almost simultaneously with The Root of Our Troubles. But even before that, she attracted attention. Since Sergei Nilus then enjoyed the favor of the Imperial Court, the Moscow Metropolitan gave orders to read a sermon containing an exposition of his version of the “Protocols” in all 368 churches of Moscow. This was performed on October 16, 1905; in addition, the sermon was hastily reprinted in the right-wing newspaper Moskovskie Vedomosti, effectively becoming another edition of the Protocols. It was Nilus's version, not Butmi's, that influenced world history. But this did not happen in 1905, or even in 1911 or 1912, when new editions of “The Great in the Small” appeared. This happened only when the book in question appeared again, in a somewhat modified and revised form, in a larger volume, under the title “There is Near, at the Door.” This happened in 1917.
2
When you come across a top secret document, which is a whole series of reports, you can’t help but wonder: who wrote these reports, to whom, for what reason; and also, how did this document get to those for whom, obviously, it was not intended at all? The various publishers of the Protocols have done their best to satisfy legitimate curiosity, but their answers are, alas, far from clear and consistent.
Even the earliest edition, which appeared in the Znamya newspaper, is puzzling. While the translator claimed that this document was obtained “from the secret repositories of the Zion General Chancellery” in France, the publisher admits: “How, where, how the minutes of these meetings in France could have been copied, who exactly copied them, we do not know ..." But that is not all. The translator in the postscript says: “The protocols set forth were written by Zionist representatives” and persistently warns us not to confuse “Zionist representatives” with representatives of the Zionist movement - but this does not stop the publisher, who claims that the protocols represent a threat to Zionism, “called upon to unite all Jews on earth into one union, even more united and dangerous than the Jesuit order."
Boutmi also explained that the “Protocols” were removed from the secret archives of the “main Zion Chancellery,” but he sets out a much more colorful story:
“These protocols, as secret ones, were obtained with great difficulty, in fragmentary form, and translated into Russian on December 9, 1901. It is almost impossible to get back to the secret storage facilities in the secret archives where they are hidden, and therefore they cannot be supported by accurate indicating the place, day, month, year, where and when they were compiled."
The author calls the main argument in favor of the fact that the “Protocols” were not forged “shameless self-praise, contempt for all humanity, as well as shamelessness in choosing means to achieve one’s goals, that are inherent in such a measure.” only to the Jews."
Nilus becomes confused in his statements and ends up contradicting not only Butmi, but also himself. In the 1905 edition of the Protocols, a note follows after the text: “These protocols were secretly extracted (or stolen) from an entire book of protocols. All this was obtained by my correspondent from the secret vaults of the Zion General Chancellery, now located on French territory.”
This fiction echoes Boothmy's version, but, unfortunately, the same edition of the "Protocols" is accompanied by a note which states that they were stolen by some woman from a very influential, high-ranking leader of the Freemasons after one of the secret meetings of "initiates" "in France, this nest Masonic conspiracy. And in the 1917 edition, Nilus further confuses the question of the origin of the Protocols:
"...only now has it become known to me reliably, from Jewish sources, that these “Protocols” are nothing more than a strategic plan for the conquest of the world under the heel of the God-fighter Israel, worked out by the leaders of the Jewish people during many centuries of their dispersion and reported to the council of elders" Prince of Exile" Theodor Herzl during the First Zionist Congress, which he convened in Basel in August 1897."
The author couldn't come up with anything better! The original manuscript was allegedly found written in French, but there were no French delegates at the First Zionist Congress, and the official language was German. Herzl himself, the founder of modern Zionism, was an Austrian journalist; all the work of the congress took place with the participation of the public, and the city of Basel was flooded with journalists who could hardly miss such an unusual meeting. But in any case, Nilus himself, in a 1905 edition, categorically stated that the reports were read not in Basel, but in France, “this modern nest of the Freemason conspiracy.”
In an atmosphere of general confusion, the publishers of the Protocols continued to invent new versions. The publisher of the German translation (1919), known as Gottfried zur Beck, argued that the "Elders of Zion" were simply delegates to the Congress of Basel; he also explains how their machinations were exposed. According to him, the Russian government, long concerned about the active activities of the Jews, sent a spy to the congress to monitor them. A Jew, tasked with taking a shorthand record of (non-existent) secret meetings from Basel to the "Jewish-Masonic lodge" in Frankfurt am Main, was bribed by a Russian spy and handed over the manuscript to him for one night in some town along the way. Fortunately, the spy had a whole platoon of census takers at hand. During a night of feverish work, they managed to copy many protocols, which were then sent to Russia to Nilus to translate them into Russian.
This is what Gottfried zur Beck said. But Theodor Fritsch, the “patriarch of German anti-Semitism,” in his edition of the Protocols (1920), offers a completely different version. For him, this document was also a Zionist product - he even called them the "Zionist Protocols" - but they were stolen not at the Basel Congress by the Russian police, but in some unnamed Jewish house. Moreover, they were not written in French, but in Hebrew, so the police handed them over for translation to “Orientalist professor Nilus” (who in reality, as we will see, was neither a professor, nor an Orientalist, nor even a translator." Protocols").
A completely different story is given by Roger Lambelain, who published the most popular publication; according to him, the “Protocols” were stolen from a closet in some Alsatian town by the wife or fiancée of the leader of the Freemasons. After such colorful stories, the Polish publisher's assertion that the Protocols were simply stolen from Herzl's apartment in Vienna sounds like gray prose.
The lady, known as the American Leslie Frey, and by her husband as Madame Shishmareva, has written a lot about the Protocols since 1922. Her main contribution to the debate was her arguments to prove that the author of the Protocols was none other than Asher Ginsberg, who wrote under the pseudonym Ahad Gaam (that is, "one of the people"), an author essentially so apolitical that he It’s hard to even imagine another. According to Madame Frey, the “Protocols” were written by Ginsberg in Hebrew, read by him at a secret meeting of “initiates” in Odessa in 1890, and then forwarded to French translation to the World Jewish Union in Paris, and then in 1897 to the Basel Congress, where, as one must assume, they were translated into German for the convenience of the delegates. The hypothesis is too complicated, but nevertheless it finds quite influential support.
Thus, the various authors writing about the Protocols do not have a common opinion about their origin. Even the belief that the “Elders of Zion” are delegates to the Basel Congress is not shared by everyone. The unknown Russian translator of the French text, according to Krushevan and Boutmi, unequivocally states that the “wise men” cannot be identified with representatives of the Zionist movement. For Nilus, before his belated discovery, the "main Zion office" was the headquarters of the World Jewish Union in Paris; Urbain Gautier, one of the first publishers of the Protocols in France, was also convinced that the "wise men" were members of the Union. Others, following Mrs. Frey, have tried to combine the two hypotheses - no easy task, since the Union is a purely philanthropic, apolitical organization, which pinned all its hopes on the adaptation of the Jews to their countrymen and was so hostile to Zionism that it caused general surprise. Of course, there were also the Freemasons, who were very often mentioned in connection with the “Protocols”...
Meanwhile, in 1921, something came to light that proved in the most decisive way that the Protocols were a fake. Moreover, the “Protocols” are such an obvious and ridiculous forgery that it may seem surprising why it was necessary to prove the fact of forgery. However, in the years immediately following the First World War, when the Protocols emerged from the fog and thundered throughout the world, many quite sensible people took them completely seriously. To realize this, it is enough to refer to what the Times newspaper wrote on May 8, 1920:
“What are these “Protocols”? Are they reliable? If so, then what evil bunch drew up such plans and rejoices at their rapid implementation?.. Have we not, by straining all the forces of our nation, avoided the “All-German Union” only in order to fall into the snare of the "All-Jewish Union"? A year later, on August 18, 1921, The Times published a sensational editorial in which it admitted its mistake. In the issues of August 16, 17 and 18, she published a detailed report from her correspondent in Constantinople, Philip Graves, which stated that the Protocols were basically a copy of a pamphlet against Napoleon III, a pamphlet dating from 1864. Here's what Philip Graves reported:
“...I must admit that when the discovery reached me, I initially refused to believe it. Mr. X., who provided me with the evidence, was convinced of it. “Read this book,” he told me, “and you will You will find irrefutable evidence that The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is plagiarized."
Mr. X., who does not wish his name to be known, is a Russian landowner whose relatives live in England. Orthodox by religious convictions, by political convictions he is a constitutional monarchist. He came here as a refugee after his final failure white movement in Southern Russia. He had long been interested in the Jewish question in Russia. To this end, he studied the "Protocols" and, during the reign of General Denikin, undertook some research to find out whether there really existed in the south of Russia some kind of secret "Masonic" organization similar to that mentioned in the "Protocols". It turned out that there was only one organization there - the monarchical one. He came upon the solution to the appearance of the “Protocols” completely by accident.
A few months ago, he bought a stack of old books from a former secret police officer who had fled to Constantinople. Among them he found a small volume on French without title page, size 15x9 centimeters, in cheap binding. The word "Joly" is imprinted on the leather spine in large Latin letters. The preface, entitled “Just an Announcement,” is marked: “Geneva October 15, 1864...” Both the paper and the font are very typical of the 60s and 70s of the last century. I provide these details in the hope that they may lead to the discovery of the book's title...
Mr. X. considers this book to be a bibliographic rarity, since otherwise the Protocols would immediately be recognized as plagiarism by anyone who read the original.
The authenticity of the book will not be doubted by anyone who has seen this book. Its first owner, a secret police officer, did not remember where he got it from and did not attach any importance to it. Mr. X., one day, looking through a book, was struck by the similarity between the phrase on which his gaze rested and a phrase from the French edition of the Protocols. He continued his comparative study and soon realized that the Protocols were basically... a paraphrase of the Genevan original...
Before receiving the book from Mr. X.'s hands, I did not believe this. I did not consider the “Protocols” of Sergei Nilus to be authentic... But I would never have believed it if I had not seen for myself that the writer who provided Nilus with the original was a shameless and unscrupulous plagiarist.
The Geneva book is a thinly disguised pamphlet against the despotism of Napoleon III and consists of 25 dialogues... The interlocutors are Montesquieu and Machiavelli..."
Before publishing the message of its correspondent from Constantinople, The Times undertook a search in the British Museum. Joly's name printed on the cover provided a clue. The mysterious volume was identified: it is “Dialogue in Hell between Montesquieu and Machiavelli,” which was written by the French lawyer Maurice Joly. It was first published in Brussels (albeit with a Geneva imprint) in 1864.
In his autobiography, written in 1870, Maurice Joly told how one day he was walking along the Seine embankment in Paris and suddenly had the idea of ​​writing a dialogue between Montesquieu and Machiavelli. Direct criticism of Napoleon's regime was prohibited. In the same way, it became possible, albeit through the mouth of Machiavelli, to reveal the reasons for the actions of the emperor and his methods, freeing them from the usual camouflage. Joly thought so, but he underestimated his opponent. "Dialogue in Hell" was printed in Belgium and secretly delivered to France, but the moment it crossed the border, the cargo was seized by the police, and soon the author of the book was tracked down and arrested. On April 25, 1865, Joly was brought to trial and sentenced to fifteen months' imprisonment. His book was banned and confiscated.
Joly's subsequent life was just as unsuccessful. Witty, aggressive, and disrespectful to authorities, he became increasingly disillusioned with everything and finally committed suicide in 1879. He certainly deserved it better fate. Joly was not only a brilliant stylist, but also had excellent intuition and the gift of foresight. In his novel "The Starving" he showed a rare understanding of the tensions in the modern world that have given rise to revolutionary movements both right-wing and left-wing. But above all, in his reflections on the amateurish despotism of Napoleon III, he achieved a vision that has retained its relevance in relation to the various authoritarian regimes of our time. Moreover, some of Joly's visions came to life again when Dialogue in Hell was turned into The Protocols of the Elders of Zion; and this is the reason, as we will see later, why the Protocols often seem to be a prediction of twentieth-century authoritarianism. But in the end it is an unenviable immortality, and the cruel irony is that a brilliant but long-forgotten defense of liberalism served as the basis for a horribly written reactionary nonsense that has misled the whole world.
Joly's pamphlet is truly a wonderful work, precise, ruthless, logical, beautifully constructed. The dispute begins with Montesquieu, who claims that in this century the enlightened ideas of liberalism gave rise to despotism, which has always been immoral and also unsustainable. Machiavelli answers him with such eloquence and at such length that he dominates the rest of the pamphlet. “The masses of the people,” he says, “are incapable of governing themselves. They are usually inert and happy only when they are ruled by a strong personality; at the same time, if something awakens them, they are capable only of senseless violence , and then they again need a strong personality to bring them under control. Politics has never had anything to do with morality, and as for the practical side of the matter, it has never been so easy as now to establish despotic rule only by a modern ruler. pretending to observe the forms of legality, he must convince his people of the simplest appearance of self-government, in which case he will not have the slightest difficulty in achieving and exercising absolute power. The people willingly agree with any decision that they consider their own; he must only transfer decisions on all issues to the people's assembly, having first, of course, arranged the matter in such a way that the assembly will make exactly the decisions that he needs. Opposition forces that might oppose his will can be easily dealt with by tightening censorship and instructing the police to monitor their political opponents. He is not afraid of either the power of the church or financial problems. Until statesman blinds the people with the power of his authority and wins military victories, he can be completely confident in their support.
This is the book that inspired the author of the fake Protocols. He shamelessly engaged in plagiarism, and the extent to which this was done shamelessly and unceremoniously can be judged by the parallel texts placed at the end of the book [See: Appendix, p. 195.]. More than 160 passages in the Protocols - two-fifths of the entire text - are openly taken from Joly's book; in nine chapters borrowings reach more than half of the text, in some - up to three quarters, and in one (protocol VII) - almost the entire text. Moreover, with a few exceptions, the order of the borrowed passages remains exactly the same as in Joly's, and it seems that the author of the Protocols worked on the Dialogue mechanically, rewriting page after page. Even the arrangement by chapter is almost the same - the 24 chapters of the "Protocols" almost entirely coincide with the 25 chapters of the "Dialogue". Only at the end, where the prophecies of the “messianic age” predominate, does the copyist allow himself some deviations from the original. This is truly an undeniable case of plagiarism and forgery.
The author of the forgery built his evidence on calculations extracted from the dispute between two opposing sides in the “Dialogue”: Machiavelli’s defense of despotism and Montesquieu’s defense of liberalism. But his borrowings are drawn mainly from Machiavelli. What Joly puts into the mouth of Machiavelli, the author of the forgery makes the nameless “wise man of Zion” speak with the same words, but with some who have important additions. In Joly's book, Machiavelli, personifying the position of Napoleon III, describes a state of affairs that has always existed, while in the Protocols this description is presented in the form of a prophecy about future times. Machiavelli argues that a despot can find in democratic forms of government a useful cover for his tyranny; in the Protocols this argument is turned on its head, with the result that all democratic forms of government are but a cover for tyranny. But the plagiarist borrows some passages from Montesquieu, and here they acquire a specific meaning from him, that, supposedly, the ideas of liberalism are an invention of the Jews and they disseminate them for the sole purpose of disorganizing and demoralizing non-Jews.
Having free time, such material could be used to build a brilliant forgery, but when you read the “Protocols”, you get the impression that they were fabricated in a hurry. For example, the Dialogue makes a very clear distinction between the policies of Napoleon III when he was just trying to seize power, and his policies when he already had power firmly in his hands. "Protocols" suspects nothing of such nuances. In one place the speaker speaks as if the “wise men” already have absolute control, and in another he gives the impression that they have to wait another hundred years for this. Sometimes he boasts that the non-Jewish governments are already intimidated by the “wise men,” and sometimes he admits that they know nothing about the conspiracy of the “wise men” and that they have never even heard of its existence. Other illogicalities are explained by the fact that the despot described by Joly seeks to achieve dominance over France, while the “wise men” try to achieve dominance over the whole world. The author of the fake does not care about somehow reconciling such discrepancies; moreover, he likes to tear apart the verbal fabric of the “Dialogue” with absurdities of his own invention, for example, such as the threat to blow up rebellious capitals, using the subway to achieve this goal.
It is even more strange that the author of the forgery preserves all the passages which are devoted to attacks on liberal ideas and to the praise of the landed aristocracy as a necessary stronghold of the monarchy... These passages are so gentile in nature that they caused confusion even among the publishers of the Protocols. Some publishers simply excluded them, others tried to explain it by saying that the ardent Russian conservative Sergei Nilus must have inserted his own reasoning here. Their difficulties are understandable. Nilus was not the author of the forgery, but, as we will soon see, the curses against political freedom and the praise of the aristocratic and monarchical system will help us discover the true nature and reasons for the appearance of this forgery.

Many Arab and Muslim governments and political leaders have taken a position in support of the authenticity of the Protocols. In some countries, the study of the Protocols is included in school curriculum.

Over the course of its existence, the Protocols have been reprinted in millions of copies and have been translated into many languages ​​of the world. The circumstances surrounding the creation of the Protocols were fictionalized by Umberto Eco in his best-selling book The Prague Cemetery (2010).

Authorship and origin

The origin of documents was indicated differently by different people and in different publications, and often different interpretations contradicted each other.

There are a number of versions about the origin of the protocols. Proponents of the protocol authenticity theory do not give an exact answer to this question. So Sergei Nilus tells three versions of how he received the protocols, differing from each other with different guesses about their possible origin. Nikolai Markov claims, without citing sources, that “the original manuscript of the Protocols was seized in 1897 during the Zionist Congress in Switzerland from the portfolio of the Zionist leader Theodor Herzl,” and the “seizure” was carried out by an agent of the Russian secret police.

Some supporters of the authenticity of the protocols (for example, Yuri Begunov and Oleg Platonov) rely on a document (note) written in 1927 by the emigrant Philip Petrovich Stepanov, who lived in Yugoslavia, a former prosecutor of the Moscow Synodal Office, chamberlain and actual state councilor

In 1895, my neighbor on the estate of the Tula province, retired major Alexei Nikolaevich Sukhotin, gave me a handwritten copy of the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion.” He told me that a lady he knew (he did not name her), who lived in Paris, found them with her friend (I think he was Jewish), and, before leaving Paris, secretly translated them from him, and brought this translation , in one copy, to Russia and gave this copy to him - Sukhotin.

I first printed it in one hundred copies on a hectograph, but this edition turned out to be difficult to read and I decided to print it in some printing house, without indicating the time, city and printing house; Arkady Ippolitovich Kellepovsky, who was then an official, helped me do this special assignments under Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich; he gave them to the Provincial Printing House to print; this was in 1897. S. A. Nilus reprinted these protocols in full in his work, with his comments.

Currently, this document is stored in the archives of the Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, USA). There is no factual confirmation of Stepanov’s words; the publications he mentioned have not yet been discovered. Stepanov's statement is considered one of the important documents in the history of the protocols by both authenticity supporters and critics.

Scientists and researchers also do not agree on the time when the protocols appeared. Thus, Norman Cohn dates their compilation between 1897 and 1899 in France in French by Russian agents. Cesare J. De Michelis believes that they were created in Russian between April 1902 and August 1903. Michael Hagemeister says that the witnesses Sliozberg and Tikhomirov, who claimed that the protocols existed in handwritten form and were even in circulation in Russia at the turn of the century, are trustworthy, but he himself concludes that the question is “by whom, when and for what purpose was this text created - remains open."

In studies devoted to this problem, the name of Matvey Golovinsky, a journalist who lived in Paris and collaborated with Russian intelligence. It is believed that it was Golovinsky who compiled the “Protocols”, working under the leadership of the police official Rachkovsky. The version of Golovinsky’s authorship was initially based on the testimony of the Polish-French writer Katarzyna Rzewuska-Radziwill and the American Henrietta Herblat. This version was criticized both by supporters of the authenticity of the “Protocols” (for example, General Nechvolodov) and by those who were confident in their falsification - in particular, Burtsev and Nikolaevsky. Burtsev pointed out that Golovinsky left Paris much earlier than, according to the version of Radziwill and Herblat, he worked on the creation of the Protocols.

Publications, events and research

For the first time in the general press, the existence of the protocols was mentioned by Mikhail Menshikov in the article “Conspiracy against humanity”, published in No. 9372 of the newspaper “Novoye Vremya” (St. Petersburg) on ​​April 7 (20), 1902. Menshikov wrote that a certain secular lady suggested that he familiarize himself with the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion.” He doubted the authenticity of the “Protocols” and called their distributors “people with elevated brain temperatures.”

Later, the “Protocols” were published several times, including abroad. The “Protocols” became one of the tools of anti-Jewish propaganda; they were used for these purposes by anti-Semites in different countries, sometimes they are remembered even now.

The fact that the “Protocols” are a fake was suggested by a number of researchers, and in 1921 the falsification was confirmed by the found primary source. In an article dated May 8, 1920, The Times published an article about the Protocols, describing them as an authentic document and calling for an investigation into the "Jewish conspiracy." However, later, on August 18, 1921, The Times published an editorial in which it reported that the Protocols were a plagiarism of an obscure mid-19th century pamphlet directed against Napoleon III. The pamphlet was called “Dialogue in Hell between Montesquieu and Machiavelli”, its author was the French lawyer and satirist Maurice Joly. Immediately after printing in 1864, the pamphlet was banned in France. The text of the Protocols mainly uses Machiavelli's remarks from the Dialogue, although there are also borrowings from Montesquieu's remarks. The textual similarities are so great that the fact of plagiarism is completely obvious. Subsequently, some researchers have suggested that the Protocols were possibly fabricated from the Dialogue in the early 1990s in France and were originally written in French. It is interesting to note that, according to Umberto Eco, Maurice Joly’s pamphlet, in turn, contains plagiarism from Eugene Sue’s novels “The Secrets of a People” (about the Jesuits) and “The Mysteries of Paris.” Moreover, the Masonic program, which Su attributed to the Jesuits, was in turn invented by Dumas.

Professor of the Russian-American educational and scientific center for biblical studies and Jewish studies of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Doctor of Philology Leonid Katsis noted that “There was a whole series of similar mystical and conspiracy texts that borrowed ideas, pieces, and so on from each other.” And therefore there is simply no point in talking about authenticity or authorship. He pointed out that the statement of supporters of the authenticity of the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” that the decision of the court in Bern, which established their inauthenticity, was allegedly overturned by a higher court does not correspond to reality. He claims that only 1 point out of 11 was repealed - the ban on their distribution.

Ban in Russia

In Russia, in January 2006, members of the Public Chamber and human rights activists called for amendments to the legislation that would create a list of extremist literature prohibited for distribution in Russia, which would include the “Protocols”, but the Protocols were included in this list much later. By decision of the Leninsky District Court of Orenburg dated July 26, 2010, the brochure “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion” was included in the Federal List of Extremist Materials under number 1496.

Protocol topics

Twenty-four protocols were published, containing instructions for establishing complete control over the world. They describe various ways deception of the “goyim nations”. The main topics of the protocols are shown in the table:

Comparison of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion with Dialogue in Hell between Montesquieu and Machiavelli

The first publication that shed light on plagiarism was a series of articles in the newspaper The Times, published by Irish journalist Philip Graves, who proved the Protocols were a hoax. Sections 1 - 19 of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion correspond to Dialogues 1 - 17 of Maurice Joly. For example:

Modern supporters of the authenticity of the Protocols

In anti-Semitic circles, texts and videos containing arguments by Yu. K. Begunov on the origin of the “Protocols” are popular. Begunov is trying to create an evidence base to confirm the authenticity of the “Protocols” and the existence of a worldwide conspiracy. Literary historian A.I. Reitblat believes that Begunov’s article “Secret Forces in the History of Russia,” dedicated to the circumstances of the creation and publication of the “Protocols,” has no scientific value.

Notes

1. Investigation of P. A. Stolypin, 1905 - see Burtsev Proven forgery
2. * Publication of the article The truth about “The Protocols”: a literary forgery in the Times, 1921
3. Berne court (English) Russian , 1934-1935
4. (English) United States Congress, Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Protocols of the Elders of Zion: a fabricated “historic” document. A report prepared by the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws (Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1964)
5. Islamic Antisemitism in Historical Perspective
6. (English)
7. Markov N. E. The history of the Jewish assault on Russia. Harbin, 1937
8. Begunov Yuri. Secret forces in the history of Russia: Collection of articles and documents. 2nd ed. St. Petersburg, 1996. P. 77
9. Platonov Oleg. Russia's crown of thorns. The mystery of the Zion Protocols. M., 1999. pp. 198-199.
10. Michael Hagemeister. IN SEARCH OF EVIDENCE ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE PROTOCOLS OF THE ELDERDS OF ZION: AN EDITION DISAPPEARED FROM THE LENIN LIBRARY. nlobooks.ru. Archived from the original on June 23, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
11. Norman Cohn. Blessing on Genocide, Chapter II. vehi.net. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
12. , With. 98-102
13. L'origine des Protocoles des sages de Sion
14. , With. 104
15. , With. 7
16. Sergey Nilus. “The coming Antichrist and the kingdom of the devil on earth are near.” Ch. X
17. G. Butmi. Accusatory speeches. Enemies of the human race. Dedicated to the Union of the Russian People. Fourth, revised and expanded edition. St. Petersburg, 1907.
18. Max Wallace, The American Axis St. Martin's Press, 2003
19. Umberto Eco Six walks in literary forests. - St. Petersburg: Symposium, 2003
20. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: Between History and Fiction.
21. Nikolaevskii to Vera Cohn, August 30, 1964, Boris I. Nikolaevsky Collection, Series 11, Box 20, Folder 24, Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
22. (German) Norman Cohn. “Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion” Der Mythos der jüdischen Weltverschwörung. - Elster Verlag, 1998. ISBN 3-89151-261-9, page 236
23. http://lib.aldebaran.ru/author/burcev_vladimir/burcev_vladimir_protokoly_sionskih_mudrecov/burcev_vladimir_protokoly_sionskih_mudrecov__1.html Introductory article “From the author”
24. The mystery of the anti-Semitic “Protocols”
25. The Public Chamber will create a list of prohibited literature
26. Charny S. Anti-Semitic books will go to embassies. Jewish News Agency (05/13/2011). Archived
27. The Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation is sending antisemitic books all over the world (English). CFCA (29-05-2011). Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
28. RUSSIA (English). state.gov. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
29. Balashova Yu. Orthodoxy, autocracy, anti-Semitism // New Newspaper. - M., May 16, 2011. - V. 51.
30. Y. K. Begunov “THE CASE OF BERN “THE ELDERDS OF ZION””
31. “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion” - history and modernity. Conversation with Professor Yuri Begunov on the website of the newspaper “Orthodox Rus'”
32. Reitblat A. I. Nilus and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion // UFO. - M., 2006. - V. 78.

Protocol texts

• Publication of the protocols of S. Nilus, printed in the printing house of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra in 1911
• Yakov Krotov. The text of the “Protocols” in the library of Yakov Krotov
• Maurice Joly. Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu ( original text pamphlet by Maurice Joly) in the Project Gutenberg Library
• Scan of the 1922 Berlin edition in PDF at archive.org

Literature

• Vladimir Burtsev. "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion". Proven forgery Paris, (city)
• Norman Cohn. Blessing for Genocide: The Myth of the Worldwide Jewish Conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. , Per. from English S. S. Bychkova, Moscow, Progress, 1990.

Various versions of a worldwide conspiracy have begun to multiply in recent decades, like mushrooms after rain, exciting the minds of ordinary people with stories about mysterious Freemasons and Illuminati, powerful transnational corporations and even aliens who, in collusion with the most powerful of this world, certainly seek to enslave humanity and establish control over it. total control. To bring all these stories under a single denominator, the term “conspiracy theory” was even introduced, implying the existence of a secret conspiracy of a group of people with a known goal. But the origins of conspiracy theories lie in one small document, now recognized as a falsification.

We are talking about the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion”.

For reference: Zion is a hill in Jerusalem, revered among the Jewish people as a symbol of the Promised Land, Jerusalem and the Kingdom of God on Earth. This is a cultural, religious and sacred symbol, the roots of which are so ingrained in the consciousness of the Jewish people that social groups of completely opposite views, advocating a return to their historical homeland - Israel, began to be called Zionists. The return, as is known, officially took place in 1948 along with the creation of the State of Israel. However, Zionism did not disappear, continuing to advocate for the return of Jews to their historical homeland, now legally acquired, and being associated with Jewry as such.

So the “Elders of Zion” are rabbis discussing plans to conquer the goyim, a generic name for all non-Jews, although the meaning of this word differs even in Hebrew and Yiddish. It should be noted that a Jew is not so much a nationality as a commitment to ideas, so by goyim it is logical to understand all “strangers,” “uninitiated,” and non-believers.

“The Protocols of the Elders of Zion” can be found in the public domain, edited by Sergei Nilus, but this is only one of the many versions of this document, which is a thin book of methodological and ideological content. There is no reliable information regarding the author and the exact time of the document’s origin, but apparently it was written at the end of the 19th century.

The authorship, goals and circumstances of the creation of the document are shrouded in mystery. According to one version, the manuscript of the “Protocols” was stolen by an agent of the Russian secret police in 1897 from the briefcase of the Zionist leader Theodor Herzl during their congress in Switzerland. According to another, the author of the “Protocols” is Russian journalist Matvey Golovinsky, who was ordered to write the document, again, by the Russian secret police. There are other versions, and almost all involve Russian agents in France.

According to the most abstract and, at the same time, reliable version, it is believed that the text of the “Protocols” is a derivative of the pamphlets of the French satirist Maurice Joly, the German publicist Wilhelm Marr, the stolen text of Ilya Zion, and a number of similar texts of mystical and conspiracy content, borrowing ideas and entire pieces of information from each other.

The true motives and circumstances of writing the “Protocols” will remain known to those few who were directly involved in their creation. Officials confidently labeled the document “fake” and “hoax,” but this does not negate the most interesting content of this very fake and hoax.

If you bother to spend some time reading The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, you will find that, in general terms, this is exactly what it looks like today. And a century ago it looked the same, albeit on a different scale. But what is 100 years in the context of establishing world domination? Zilch. Meanwhile, government, social and international politics are carried out exactly according to the instructions of unknown authors. And even the now popular formula “problem - reaction - solution” was declared even then. That is, in principle, all the tools for effectively managing society and bringing it to the point where it itself voluntarily wants to give the reins of government of the entire planet into one hand were developed back then, at the end of the 19th century. Or maybe earlier.

Modern fans of conspiracy theories are probably familiar with KOB - the concept of public security, developed in the USSR by a group of anonymous authors hiding under the common pseudonym “Internal Predictor” and popularized by the sorcerer Meragor, in the past - Major General of the Space Forces Konstantin Petrov. It should be noted that the phrase “magician Meragor” is perceived as funny solely due to the targeted influence of the media. But, without going far from the main topic, the books from the “Internal Predictor” series and even their careless adaptation by Petrov carried a number of specific ideas that intersected with other conspiracy theories. For example, the organizational system of that same world government and an indication of its origins in the mysteries of Ancient Egypt.

Jacques Mitterrand, Great master Grand Eastern Masonic Lodge, 1969-1971

There is an opinion that the ancient Egyptian mysteries, which implicitly permeate all modern society, have several branches, one of which tends conditionally “upwards”, i.e. towards its own essential development, and the other “downwards” - towards the use of secret knowledge for the benefit of one’s own selfish interests , such as power, sensual pleasures, etc. And representatives of the secret government practice precisely the second branch of occult mysteries, which does not allow us to assert that the motives of all secret societies are vicious.

There is every reason to believe that the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion,” or rather their inclusion in circulation, is an accident, which had to be corrected by the formation of a certain public opinion regarding this document, as happens with other phenomena that are usually taken outside the scope common sense, starting from the deliberate organization of terrorist attacks around the world within the framework of the formula “problem - reaction - solution” and ending with attitudes towards aliens. The perception of information is, in fact, quite easy to form, which is generally studied in the course mass communication. There are more advanced courses in public opinion management - but who has time to take an interest in them?

“The Protocols of the Elders of Zion” is a mystery to which you will not find a clear answer. You will be forced to form your attitude towards it, relying solely on your own knowledge and available information. The document itself is included in the list of extremist literature in the Russian Federation as promoting the ideas of anti-Semitism and is banned, like General Petrov’s book, it should be noted.

But there is one interesting fact. As you know, the Russian Foreign Ministry, headed by Sergei Lavrov since 2004, is considered one of the most effective diplomatic departments in the world. And in the “Protocols,” as already mentioned, special attention is paid to politics in general and diplomatic relations between countries in particular. So, in 2011, the Russian Foreign Ministry placed an order for the “supply of sets of spiritual and moral literature to the diplomatic missions of the Russian Federation,” which included the book “Great in Small” by S. Nilus, which includes “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.”

Have you read the Protocols of the Elders of Zion? If not, it makes sense to read them, especially since there is not much text, moreover, it can be found on our website for review.

So, what are the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” - this is a collection of texts about the worldwide conspiracy of the Jews. The text of the protocols sets out plans for the Jews to gain world domination, to infiltrate the governments of all states, to take all non-Jews under control, and so on.

Note that they are also called “ protocols of zion».

We will not scare you with stories about the Jewish conspiracy; we will try to look at the protocols of the Elders of Zion as soberly, calmly and objectively as possible.

The Jewish Encyclopedia website states that Protocols of the Elders of Zion- this is a literary forgery of the late 19th century, of course, what else can they write. Interestingly, it states that the Protocols of the Elders of Zion were created on the instructions of the Russian secret police! Well, who else could do this, only the Russians, in order to discredit poor Jews, and, we quote: “in order to prove the existence of a Jewish conspiracy...”. The Jewish Encyclopedia, everything is clear with it, Trotsky, the creator of the Red Army, is there...

Protocols of the Elders of Zion- there is numerous evidence provided in the media, in court and independent research) that the protocols are both a true historical document and that it is a hoax, a forgery, some figures are even trying to prove that it is plagiarism. Anything is possible; Jewish “sages” often use techniques such as plagiarism and hoaxes to achieve their goals.

Protocols of the Elders of Zion– structure and content. The protocols are popular in two versions: the most common - in the processing of S. Nilus - was published in 1903, the second version was published by G. Butmy de Katzman in 1905 (it differs only in the numbering order of the protocols and minor discrepancies).

Let us note that there are now numerous supporters in the world that the content “ Protocols of the Elders of Zion"corresponds to reality. Various authors presented the Protocols of the Elders of Zion as documents of a worldwide Judeo-Masonic conspiracy, some of them, for example the above-mentioned author S. A. Nilus, argued that these were protocols of reports of members of the Zionist Congress, which was held in Basel, Switzerland in 1897, this and there is the most realistic version of the origin of these protocols.

Authenticity protocols The Elders of Zion are supported by many independent Arab and Muslim researchers, and even political leaders. Moreover, in some countries, the study of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion is included in the school curriculum as a study of a historical document worthy of attention.

Over the history of existence Protocols of the Elders of Zion reprinted in thousands of copies and translated into many languages ​​of the world. Let us note that it is stated that they were created by the Russians and were translated from French, that is, the Russians wrote the protocols in French. The history of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion was fictionalized by Umberto Eco in the best-selling book The Cemetery of Prague. This is the 6th novel by Italian Umberto Eco, published in October 2010. The book supports the version that the protocols are the fruit of falsification, which is understandable, otherwise the book would not have been published in modern Europe at all; it would have immediately been labeled anti-Semitic and extremist.

Protocols of the Elders of Zion - Nilus version

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion - S. Nilus's version is made in the style of Christian editions of the Bible, according to the creator's idea, this should enhance the emotional impact of the text: the reader is presented with an anti-gospel, or the gospel of Satan. The publication includes 24 minutes of secret meetings of Jewish representatives discussing strategic plans to seize power on the planet, as a result, control of the world should end up in the hands of the “King of Israel” from the line of David, appointed by the three “wise men.” Such a king will autocratically rule humanity, and in the event of his death, power will pass to the next chosen one. Nothing supernatural, like that world monarchy, where power is inherited.

Protocols of the Elders of Zion– the 10th first protocols describe the program for the destruction of Christian states. It describes everything that we see around us today - methods of disintegrating society: propaganda of democratic freedoms and human rights, bribery of the media, inculcation of the cult of money, establishment of monopolies along with provoking economic wars, and so on. Jews call to spur the arms race in the world, to promote the growth of the military contingent, to provoke wars between non-Jewish states, to sow anarchy, permissiveness and debauchery.

The instrument of all this should be the Freemasons, most of whom do not even know that the main purpose of their lodges is to serve the establishment of a Jewish “international world government.” Jews are confident that democratic countries are most vulnerable to the corrupting influence of Freemasonry. Everything is true, as we see now, that the so-called democratic countries have already been captured, and from others the Jews are simply bombing - Iraq, Iran, Libya, Syria and others.

In the next 14 protocols talks about the transition to global autocracy and the new state structure. The autocratic form of government, as opposed to democracy, is presented as ideal.

Protocols of the Elders of Zion– the version of S. Nilus ends with additions from the translator, which states that the “Protocols” were signed by Zion representatives, and were secretly extracted from the book of protocols located in the repository of the Zion General Chancellery, which is located in France. Then the history of the Jewish conspiracy, which was started by Solomon back in 929 BC, is briefly described.

Attempts by Jews to pass off the Protocols of the Elders of Zion as fakes

In Russia, Jews managed to hide the publication of S.A. Nilus and with the help of controlled media and public figures controlled by them, they managed to hide the danger looming over Russia from the people.

But many thinking people in Russia now understand what is happening in the world, even though the Jewish media constantly covers the activities of Jews and Israel. It will not be difficult for a person who has a critical mind and an analytical mindset to trace the logical chain of events in the world. And the main thing is to find those who benefit from what is happening in the world: wars, crises, revolutions and constant murders of both people and nature in general.

Protocols of the Elders of Zion were reprinted twice by the late F.V. Vinberg, and then translations appeared in almost all languages ​​of the world, even Japanese and Finnish. This program attracted particular attention in Germany, England and North America.

At present there is hardly any educated person, who did not know at least firsthand about the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” or as they are also called “ protocols of zion».

It was publicity that forced Jewish leaders to mass denials in the media, to various tricks to prove the falsification " Protocols of Zion" We have neither the time nor the desire to publish all these so-called revelations, overexposures, outright lies and abuse. The only thing that makes sense is to dwell on some of the Jewish refutations.

The largest collection of “facts” to compromise Protocols of the Elders of Zion collected in the book by Yu. Delevsky, which was published in 1923 in Germany under the title: “Protocols of the Elders of Zion.” For greater persuasiveness, this Jewish work by Delevsky was given a foreword by the sophist Anton Kartashov, who stood guard over the “persecuted” tribe and called on “ordinary shepherds of the Russian Church” to easily explain the “lies” of the Protocols of Zion.

Anton Kartashov’s joy was not at all sincere, because no matter how hard Delevsky tried, no matter how much he scolded the anti-Semites, he still could not prove the falsity of the protocols of the Elders of Zion. As you probably guessed, the source (that is, the author) was also not entirely independent, because he is Jewish by nationality.

System of evidence of the Jew Delevsky is based on a careful selection of quotes and individual passages from the books that preceded the protocols of the Elders of Zion, which expressed the same thoughts as in the protocols themselves. This is the Abbé Chaboty, and Gougenot de Mousseau, and Edouard Drumont, and even the shadow of Pobedonostsev, Ratcliffe’s novel was studied and, as the peak of research, was found in the dust of the archive of some “Dialogue of Maurice Joly”. Not to be confused with Angelina Jolie.

This dialogue actually has a lot in common with Protocols of the Elders of Zion not only by content, but also by individual expressions. The difference is that in the protocols the secret Jewish rulers speak, and in the “Dialogue” it is Machiavelli, by which Joly meant Napoleon III.

From this obvious similarity of the “Dialogue”, written in the 60s of the 19th century, with the protocols of the Elders of Zion, the whistleblower Delevsky concluded that the protocols are the most terrible plagiarism - a remake of the “Dialogue”. At first glance, this is true, but this is only at first glance from a researcher who is not very experienced in this matter.

In fact, there can be no talk of plagiarism; the only obvious thing is that different writers use one document at different times - the program of Jewish messianism. There is nothing secret here. Is it possible to call people who, say, quote the Bible in their works, plagiarists? Of course, the author, when copying lines from the Bible, always writes the same words and expressions, without being a plagiarist.

If the Jew Delevsky had gone through a certain number of writers who wrote on biblical topics, he could easily have convicted them of plagiarism: they all cite the same texts, copying the original source.

Revolutionary of the 2nd Empire, Communard of 1871, French Freemason Maurice Joly, of course, belonged to secret Jewish society and therefore had access to the secret program of the Messinists. Having received an order from his order to publish a pamphlet against Napoleon III with accusations of imperialism and terror, he attributed to his Machiavelli (that is, Napoleon III) all the plans that his, Maurice Joly, leaders actually carried out. Why come up with unnecessary things?

No matter how cunning and vindictive the Jewish messianists were, there were still many defections from them, there were many people who were horrified by their chauvinism and left their ranks, so it is not surprising that some writers, like Gougenot de Mousseau, Redcliffe and others, learned about the existence of the messianic program and reported some excerpts from it.

S.A. Nilus was lucky enough to get most of this Jewish program and publish it. And if certain passages of this program are set out similarly by previous writers, then this is only evidence confirming the constant existence of the messianic program, and in no way refuting it.

And the wise industrialist Henry Ford said, perhaps, the most important thing: “It’s not important who got it and how it was published.” Protocols of the Elders of Zion“but the fact that the Jewish program, published in 1905, was actually implemented in all its main parts over the next twenty years.” Well, Henry, it continues to this day...

Alex Tarn

Protocols of the Elders of Zion

Part one

As they exited the plane, Burl extended his hand to the pretty flight attendant and smiled broadly. “Don’t cry, Klava,” he said in Russian. - See you". The girl did not understand the incomprehensible text, which is why her professional smile came out somewhat confused. The timid Dutch palm folded like a boat sank into the immense berl paw.

"Purpose of the visit?" - “Business”. The official slapped the seal, and Burl stepped into the air-conditioned halls of Schipol Airport. A bottle of Martel, prudently stored in Ben Gurion and irretrievably dried up somewhere over the Alps, did not improve his mood - cloudy, in keeping with the February Northern European weather. Sitting on the train, rushing him towards the Amsterdam station, Berl asked himself: what, exactly, is the matter? What exactly is the matter, guy, why the hell are you bitching?

The task seemed one hundred percent clear, and at the same time left the freedom of maneuver so beloved by Burl. Place? Berle liked Amsterdam, the carefree, festive monotony of its multi-colored houses, the concentric semicircles of its canals, the dark semicircles under the eyes of its cheerful, indifferent, stoned inhabitants. Time? The timing, of course, could have been better. For example, June with its noisy festivals, picturesque cosmopolitan crowds and shameless couples of all combinations on the long-suffering grass of Vondelpark. Or, say, September - flower parades, the tired satiety of early autumn, the yellowness of the first leaves on the water of the canals. And February... what is February? - rain and that's it; even the lawns of Vondelpark are closed to dry - either from the rain, or from the sperm generously spilled on them during the crazy summer... On the other hand, at home the winter turned out to be surprisingly dry, so Berl definitely missed the rain.

And yet, some kind of unpleasant premonition did not leave him, annoyingly swarming somewhere in the back of his head, boringly whining in the very bottom of his stomach. What nonsense! At the station, Burl went straight to the lockers. A small but heavy suitcase was waiting for him at the appointed place. After rummaging in the outer pocket, Burl pulled out a plastic key card in an envelope at the Memphis Hotel. “Well, you fool,” he said to himself. - ????????????...". The mood really began to improve, and, whistling cheerfully in order to support the positive trend, Baerl went out onto the station square of the cheerful city of Amsterdam, covered with light winter rain.

He released the taxi at Museum Square a few blocks from the hotel. Luckily for him, the Memphis lobby was filled with a horde of Asian tourists: either Koreans or Chinese in identical two-color jackets, hung with tons of film, photo, video equipment, grumpily distributed to their rooms. The Surinamese doorman, the porter and the suitcase boys had long since crossed the threshold of sensitivity and were now waiting out the Asians like a natural disaster, withdrawing into themselves and staring into space with an expression of boundless submission to fate. Without attracting anyone's attention in this bustle, Burl went up to the second floor and opened the door to his room.

The sharp smell of danger filled his nostrils even before the hand with the pistol, like a cobra, shot up to meet him. Having sensed with his sixth sense someone's presence behind him, he managed to sit down at the same time as a monstrous blow struck the back of his head, thus neutralizing most of its fatal destructive power. Following the inertia of the fall, Berl let go of the suitcase and, trying to make as much noise as possible, his entire one hundred kilogram mass fell into the nook between the table and the chest of drawers. And he fell silent, assessing the situation through closed eyelids.

Burl hoped that the noise of them falling together with the suitcase would throw the enemy off his rhythm, and this would allow him to gain much-needed seconds. Indeed, the attackers froze, listening intently and temporarily turning Burl off from the zone of primary attention. There were two of them, thin, bearded guys of unmistakable appearance.

“Only the keffiyeh is missing,” thought Berl. “Tattered bitches...” He felt a strange, even cheerful calm. He had already been lucky twice in this room. Firstly, he was not killed immediately, which means there will be additional chances. Secondly, he managed to simulate a severe blackout with minimal losses, which promised brilliant prospects, especially since the guys did not look like professionals at all.

Coming out of their first stupor, they finally found the power of speech. Arabic speech... “Idiot,” hissed the first, a tall Arab with a dozen gold chains under the unbuttoned collar of a white silk shirt. - Is this called “quiet”? You assured me that you would do it without unnecessary noise...”

“Come on, Mahmoud,” the second one, wearing jeans and an Ajax T-shirt, chuckled nervously. - It's OK. There is such a hubbub from the Chinese that even if you explode a bomb, no one will move. But look how I knocked out this hippopotamus!” He swung a huge baseball bat proudly.

“How lucky...” Berl joyfully noted to himself.

Mahmoud went to the phone and dialed the number. Now he spoke English. "Brother? We met a guest... Yes, everything is fine. How about you? Quiet? Okay, stay there for now."

He walked up to Burl and squatted down in front of him, tucking the pistol barrel with a silencer under Burl’s heavy jaw. “Hey, you little bastard,” he hissed, this time in Hebrew. - Wake up, mother!

“Eh, the guy turns out to be a polyglot,” Berl thought, but didn’t open his eyes.

“Bring some water,” Mahmud said without turning around. “They say hippos only talk in water.”

Throwing the bat on the bed, the guy in jeans went to the bathroom. The famous “Gullit” was emblazoned on the back of his T-shirt.

“A dog,” thought Burl. - What a name it spoils...” Then Berl stopped thinking, because Mahmud finally turned his temple to him, watching the departing “Gullit”. It was time to resurrect. A crushing blow from the forehead struck Makhmud’s temporal bone. So the great Gullit butted the balls, driving them into the opponents’ goal nets past the goalkeepers’ jaws dropped in surprise. Mahmud was no exception - he, too, dropped his jaw, rolled his eyes and went limp.

Berl raised his pistol just in time to greet “Gullit” as he emerged from the bathroom.

“Put the glass on the table, you scum,” he said in Arabic. “It will spill, it’s a shame for the parquet.”

“Gullit” hiccupped and put the glass down. Burl fired twice. He then turned to the unconscious Mahmoud.

“I remember you asked for some water, bro? - Berl carefully splashed the water brought by the late “Gullit” onto Mahmud. - Drink, dear.”