Sonechka's fate in the novel crime punishment. Essay on the topic: The image of the “eternal Sonechka” in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”

In this development of the lesson, the image of Sonya Marmeladova is revealed, it is shown that it is in this “outcast” girl with a pale and thin face that the great religious thought that it was communication with Sonya that forced Raskolnikov to admit his guilt and confess.

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Development of a lesson on literature

Topic: “Eternal Sonechka, while the world stands...” (The image of Sonya Marmeladova in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”)
Teacher: Kuular Chimis Eres-oolovna. MBOU Secondary School No. 1 Shagonara

The purpose of the lesson:
- consider the image of Sonya Marmeladova;

Show that it is in this “outcast” girl with a pale and thin face that a great religious thought is revealed, that it is communication with Sonya that will force Raskolnikov to admit his guilt and confess.

To develop students’ ability to analyze an episode in the context of the entire work;

Develop the ability to conduct independent research;

Prepare students for homework

Epigraph: “A person deserves his happiness, and always through suffering”
F.M.Dostoevsky

During the classes:
I Organizational moment.
II Repetition of the covered topic. (...)
III Explanation of a new topic

Radion Raskolnikov said to Sonya: “... I chose you...”. Why did he choose her? Why? What role does Sonya Marmeladova play in the life of the main character Rodion Raskolnikov? These are the questions we must answer in today's lesson.

Teacher:
So, Raskolnikov committed a crime that led him to a dead end. Sonya received a yellow ticket at this time. The lines of their lives intersected at the most critical point for them: precisely at that moment when they had to decide once and for all how to live further. Raskolnikov's old faith has been shaken, but he has not yet found a new one. Doom and an involuntary desire for death as a way out of the deadlock took possession of him
Porfiry Petrovich, during a conversation with Raskolnikov, advises him“Become the sun, everyone will see you. The sun must first of all be the sun.", that is, not only to shine, but also to warm. Let us continue his thought.
But not Raskolnikov, but Sonya in the novel becomes like this warm light, although at first glance, she seems to be far from this moral height.

Guys, I asked you at home to prepare thin and thick questions about heroin, let's start with the thin questions.
Thin questions are questions that require a short and quick answer. You can answer in one word.
Thick questions are questions that require a detailed, complete answer.
Choose yourself who you will ask the question to.

2. Verbal portrait Sony.
- What kind of Sonya do you imagine? Please describe her.
- How does Dostoevsky describe it? (read by one student)

3. Working with portraits of Sonya taken by different artists. Slide show.

D.A.’s illustrations will help us in revealing the author’s intention. Shmarinov to the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". On one of them, the artist captured Sonya Marmeladova with a candle. Looking at her pale face, one cannot help but feel “inexpressible excitement”, trepidation, some kind of inner burning of Sonya. Her portrait is perceived as a symbol of conscience, suffering and deep compassion, as a symbol of the duty that she awakens in Raskolnikov, leading him to moral rebirth. Sonya holds a candle, which illuminates her from the side and below, which highlights her face. Light becomes a “constant epithet” in Sonya’s characterization and in other drawings by the artist.
- Do you think the artists were able to convey the image of Sonya?

It is also interesting to trace the reasons for the author’s choice of the surname and name of Sonya Marmeladova.What does the name Sonya, Sophia mean? Why did Dostoevsky call her that name? (slide).
Student message. “Sofia, Sophia, Sonya - this is one of Dostoevsky’s favorite names. This name means “wisdom”, “Intelligence”. And, indeed, in the soul of Sonya Marmeladova, this is the image of all women, mothers, sisters. Sophia is also the biblical name of the mother of the three martyrs Faith, Hope and Love.

The rays of warmth emanating from Sonya’s soul reach Raskolnikov. He resists them, but still, in the end, kneels before her. This is confirmed by the hero’s encounters with her.
It was Sonechka, a defenseless victim of a cruel world, who brought to repentance the murderer who rebelled against injustice and inhumanity, who wanted to remake the world like Napoleon. It was she who saved Raskolnikov's soul
Why does a fallen woman save Raskolnikov's soul?
(Sonya transgressed through herself for others. She lives according to the laws of love for people, committed a crime against herself, sacrificed herself in the name of the people she loved.)
What features does Dostoevsky emphasize in it?
(Dostoevsky constantly emphasizes her timidity, shyness, even intimidation.)
Tell us about Sonya's life.
(Sonya’s stepmother, Katerina Ivanovna, condemns her to life on a yellow ticket. The children, exhausted by hunger, survived thanks to Sonya. Her sacrifice penetrates the souls of people with warmth. She gives Marmeladov the last “sinful pennies” for his obscene drunkenness in the tavern... After the death of her father, death stepmother, it is she, Sonya, the fallen one, who sees the meaning of her life in caring for orphaned young children. Even to the people around her, such an act seems truly Christian, and her fall into sin in this case seems holy.)
5. Sonya and Raskolnikov
Please tell me how Raskolnikov views life and by what laws does Sonya Marmeladova live?
(Raskolnikov does not want to accept life as it is, he protests against injustice. His theory pushes him towards the path of violence against others for the sake of his well-being. He is ready to step over the corpses of others, strives to create conditions for himself first of all, in order to then change life, strives to rise above this “anthill.” Raskolnikov’s idea and crime create a conflict in his soul, lead to separation from people, make the hero despise himself most of all for his humanity and sensitivity to the suffering of others. Her life is built according to the laws of self-sacrifice. In shame and humiliation, in conditions that seemed to exclude any purity (moral), she retained a sensitive and responsive soul.)
So, Raskolnikov goes to Sonya. How does he explain his first visit to Sonya? What does he expect from him?
(He is looking for a kindred spirit, because Sonya also committed a crime. At first, Raskolnikov does not see the difference between his crime and Sonya’s crime. He sees in her a kind of ally in crime.)
How can we explain Raskolnikov’s behavior, unceremoniously looking around the room? Who did he expect to see?
(He wants to understand how she lives as a criminal, how she breathes, what supports her, in the name of what she committed a crime. But, looking at her, he softens, his voice becomes quiet.
Raskolnikov expected to see a person focused on his troubles, exhausted, doomed, ready to grab hold of the slightest hope, but he saw something different, which gave rise to the question: “Why was she able to remain in this position for too long and not go crazy, if she really couldn’t was to throw myself into the water.”)
How does Raskolnikov imagine the girl’s future?
(“Throw yourself into a ditch, end up in a madhouse, or throw yourself into debauchery.”)
Three roads and all disastrous. Why didn't she do this? What is the reason?
(Faith, deep, capable of working miracles. Strength. In Sonya I saw the strength that allows her to live. Its source is in caring for other people’s children and their unfortunate mother. She trusts in God and awaits deliverance.)
Through his acquaintance with Sonya, Raskolnikov discovers a world of people living by different laws, the laws of human brotherhood. Not indifference, hatred and harshness, but open spiritual communication, sensitivity, love, compassion live in her.
What book did Raskolnikov notice in Sonya’s room?
The book that I noticed on the chest of drawers in Sonya Raskolnikov’s room turned out to be the New Testament in Russian translation. The Gospel belonged to Lizaveta. The innocent victim suffers death silently, but he will “speak” with God's word. Raskolnikov asks to read to him about the Resurrection of Lazarus.
Why was this episode from the Gospel chosen?
(Raskolnikov walks among living people, talks to them, laughs, is indignant, but does not recognize himself as alive - he recognizes himself as dead, he is Lazarus, who has been in the grave for 4 days. But, like the dim light of that candle stub that illuminated in “this beggarly room, a murderer and a harlot, strangely gathered together to read eternal book”, the light of faith glimmered in the soul of the criminal in his possible resurrection.)
Work with text.
Read the episode of Sonya reading a passage from the Gospel, monitor Sonya’s condition. Why does she feel this way? (The music “Ave Maria” sounds. Sonya’s hands were shaking, her voice was not strong enough, she couldn’t pronounce the first words, but from the 3rd word her voice rang and broke through like a stretched string. And suddenly everything was transformed.
Sonya reads, wanting him, blind and unbelieving, to believe in God. And she trembled with joyful anticipation of a miracle. Raskolnikov looked at her, listened and understood how Jesus loves those who suffer. “Jesus shed tears,” - at this time Raskolnikov turned around and saw “that Sonya was shaking with a fever.” He expected this.)
She wanted Raskolnikov to accept faith in Christ and through it be able to go to rebirth through suffering.
Why is the Gospel read by a criminal and a harlot? (The Gospel shows the way to revival; we felt the union of souls.)
Dostoevsky highlighted the words “I am the Resurrection and Life.” Why?
(The soul awakens.)
What impression of Sonya does Raskolnikov leave with?
(Raskolnikov, listening to Sonya’s stories about Katerina Ivanovna, her heartfelt reading of the Gospel, changed his opinion about her. Christian love Sonya loves people. Raskolnikov, who does not believe in God and dreams of power over all trembling creatures, understood Sonya’s truth, her sacrificial purity.)
Leaving Sonya, he said that he would tell who killed. “I know and I’ll tell you... I’ll tell you alone! I chose you.”
In the novel, it is important not only to whom Raskolnikov comes with a confession, but also where this happens - in the apartment of the tailor Kapernaumov, where Sonya rents a room. Kapernaumov is a significant surname.

Sonya - the embodiment of pure good - finds something in common in Raskolnikov, as if the embodiment of pure evil, and vice versa, Raskolnikov, in the depths of Sonya’s soul, sees his own reflection, knows that they will once go “on the same road”, that they have “the same target".

Two truths: the truth, Raskolnikov and, the truth, Sonya. But one is true, the other is false. To understand where the truth is, you need to compare these heroes, whose fate has much in common, but they differ in the main thing.

Sonya	Raskolnikov
Meek, kind	Proud disposition, offended, humiliated pride
By saving others, he takes upon himself the burden of sin. Spiritually, she is a martyr.	Trying to prove his theory, he commits a crime. In spiritual terms, he is a criminal, although he takes upon himself the sin of all humanity. Savior? Napoleon?
The story of her behavior in a tavern in the most unbridled atmosphere	A sign for Raskolnikov. Living by sacrificing oneself is a justification for his premonitions
Lives based on the demands of life, beyond theories	The theory is calculated impeccably, but a person cannot step over blood to save people. The result is a dead end. Theory cannot take into account everything in life
Semi-literate, speaks poorly, reads only the Gospel	He is educated and speaks well. The light of reason leads to a dead end
Divine truth is in it. She is spiritually superior. It is not consciousness that makes a person, but the soul	The truth in it is false. You can't get to heaven at the cost of someone else's blood
She has the meaning of life: love, faith	He has no meaning in life: murder is a rebellion for oneself, an individualistic rebellion

What is Sonechka's strength?
(In the ability to love, compassion, self-sacrifice in the name of love.)

Sonya, with her love, pity and compassion, her endless patience and self-sacrifice, and her faith in God, saves Raskolnikov. Living by his inhuman idea, not believing in God, he changes only in the epilogue of the novel, having accepted faith in his soul. “To find Christ means to find your own soul” - this is the conclusion to which Dostoevsky comes.
I would like you, like Sonya, to love people for who they are, to be able to forgive and to give the light emanating from your soul to other people.
7. Homework. Essay “I chose you...”

The image of the “eternal” Sonechka (based on F. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”)

The embodiment of the humanistic philosophy of F. M. Dostoevsky, implying selfless service to people, the implementation of Christian morality, which brings undivided good, was the image of Sonechka Marmeladova. It was she who managed to resist the world of evil and violence surrounding her thanks to the strength and purity of her soul. Already in the description of the heroine, the author’s attitude towards her is revealed: “... She was a modestly and even poorly dressed girl, very young... with a modest and decent manner, with a clear, but seemingly somewhat intimidated face.” Warmth and cordiality are inherent in these words.

Like all the poor presented in the novel, the Marmeladov family is mired in terrible poverty. Always drunk, having lost self-respect, resigned to the injustice of life, Marmeladov, sick Katerina Ivanovna, helpless children - all of them, born of their time, are deeply unhappy people, pathetic in their helplessness. And they would not have escaped death if not for seventeen-year-old Sonechka, who found the only way out to save your family - trade own body. For a girl with deep Christian convictions, such an act is the biggest sacrifice. After all, by violating the Christian commandments, she commits a terrible sin and dooms her soul to eternal suffering. But Sonya did it for the sake of her loved ones. The mercy and compassion of this girl knows no bounds. Even having come into contact with the very bottom, having experienced all the baseness and abomination of humanity, she retained endless love for humanity, faith in goodness, stood her ground and was not like those who sell and buy human bodies and souls, without suffering from pangs of conscience.

That is why Raskolnikov comes to Sonechka to open his ailing soul to her. But in the hero’s opinion, Sonya’s sin is no less, and maybe even more, terrible than his. Raskolnikov considers her sacrifice senseless, not understanding or accepting the idea of responsibility for the lives of loved ones. And only this thought helps Sonechka come to terms with her fall, forget about her suffering, because the awareness of her own sinfulness pushed Sonya to commit suicide, which could save her from shame and moral torment.

Believing that Sonechka, by not saving anyone, only “ruined” herself, Raskolnikov hopes to find his reflection in her, to make her believe in his idea. He asks her a question: what is better - for a scoundrel to “live and do abominations” or to an honest man die? To which Sonechka responds with all her characteristic spontaneity: “But I can’t know God’s providence... And who made me the judge here: who should live and who should not live?” Raskolnikov's hopes were not justified. Sonechka is ready to sacrifice herself for the sake of others, but cannot accept the murder of one person for the benefit of others. That is why she became Raskolnikov’s main opponent, directing all her forces to destroy his immoral theory.

Fragile, meek Sonechka shows remarkable strength in her own humility. “Eternal” Sonechka sacrifices herself, and in her actions it is impossible to find the boundaries between good and evil. Just as, forgetting herself, she saved her family, she strives to save Raskolnikov, who is “terribly, infinitely unhappy.” She tries to lead him to the basics of the Christian faith, which preaches humility and repentance. This is what the writer says through the mouth of Soniechka, which helps to cleanse the soul of the evil that destroys it. Thanks to her Christian beliefs, the girl survived this cruel world, keeping hope for a bright future.

Sonechka helps Raskolnikov understand the unnaturalness, inhumanity of his theory, and accept the sprouts of goodness and love into his heart. Sonechka's love and her ability for self-sacrifice lead the hero to moral rebirth, to the first step on the path to saving his soul. “Can her convictions not now also be my convictions?” thinks Raskolnikov, realizing that only “with endless love will he now atone for all her suffering.”

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel “Crime and Punishment” is one of the most complex works Russian literature, in which the author talked about the story of the death of the soul of the main character after he committed a crime, about the alienation of Rodion Raskolnikov from the whole world, from the people closest to him - mother, sister, friend. Reading the novel, you realize how deeply the author penetrated into the souls and hearts of his characters, how he comprehended human character, and with what genius he told about the moral upheavals of the main character. Central figure The novel is, of course, Rodion Raskolnikov. But there are many others in Crime and Punishment characters. These are Razumikhin, Avdotya Romanovna and Pulcheria Alexandrovna, the Raskolnikovs, Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin, the Marmeladovs. The Marmeladov family plays special role in the novel. After all, it was Sonechka Marmeladova, her faith and selfless love Raskolnikov owes his spiritual rebirth.

She was a girl of about eighteen, small in stature, thin, but quite pretty, blonde with wonderful blue eyes. Her great love, suffered, but a pure soul, capable of seeing a person even in a murderer, empathizing with him, suffering with him, saved Raskolnikov. Yes, Sonya is a “harlot,” as Dostoevsky writes about her, but she was forced to sell herself in order to save her stepmother’s children from starvation. Even in her terrible situation, Sonya managed to remain human; drunkenness and debauchery did not affect her. But in front of her was shining example a fallen father, completely crushed by poverty and his own powerlessness to change anything in his life. Sonya's patience and vitality largely come from her faith. She believes in God, in justice with all her heart, she believes blindly, recklessly. And what else can an eighteen-year-old girl believe in, whose entire education is “a few books of romantic content,” seeing around her only drunken quarrels, illnesses, debauchery and human grief?

For Sonya, all people have the same right to life. No one can achieve happiness, his own or someone else's, through crime. A sin remains a sin, no matter who commits it and for what purpose. Personal happiness cannot be a goal.

A person has no right to selfish happiness, he must endure, and through suffering he achieves true, non-selfish happiness. Reading the legend of the resurrection of Lazarus to Raskolnikov, Sonya awakens faith, love and repentance in his soul. “They were resurrected by love, the heart of one contained endless sources of life for the heart of the other.” Rodion came to what Sonya called him to, he overestimated life and its essence, as evidenced by his words: “Can her convictions now not be my convictions? Her feelings, her aspirations, at least...” Touched With Sonya’s sympathy, Rodion “goes to her as a close friend, he himself confesses to her the murder, tries, confused about the reasons, to explain to her why he did it, asks her not to leave him in misfortune and receives an order from her: to go to the square , kiss the ground and repent before all the people.” In this advice to Sonya, it is as if the voice of the author himself is heard, striving to lead his hero to suffering, and through suffering - to atonement.

Sacrifice, faith, love and chastity - these are the qualities that the author embodied in Sonya. Being surrounded by vice, forced to sacrifice her dignity, Sonya retained the purity of her soul and the belief that “there is no happiness in comfort, happiness is bought by suffering, a person is not born for happiness: a person deserves his happiness, and always through suffering.” And so Sonya, who also “transgressed” and ruined her soul, a “man of high spirit”, of the same “class” as Raskolnikov, condemns him for his contempt for people and does not accept his “rebellion”, his “axe”, which, as it seemed to Raskolnikov , was raised in her name.

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/ / / The image of the “eternal Sonechka” in Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”

The classic of Russian literature Fyodor Dostoevsky created a deeply philosophical novel"Crime and Punishment". In that short name The basic moral essence is laid down - for every crime there is a punishment.

The author discusses what is right in this world and what deserves blame. However, not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance. And not every vicious person, according to society, is truly vicious. What leads a person to this or that choice is what Dostoevsky thought about in the novel.

The unique female image in the work is. She is the daughter of a drunken official; she has no one to rely on in this life. Her stepmother sets her on a vicious path for the sake of her family. She convinces the girl that her body is not such a treasure to protect. Since Sonya has no education and no special talents, but only a pretty appearance, the only way to earn money for the whole family was to work on a yellow ticket. But the girl did not justify her action, but simply accepted that she was a great sinner. She hoped for forgiveness, which she always prayed for, since she was a believer.

Portrait characteristics of Sonya highlight her inner world. She is depicted as a very fragile, thin girl of short stature. Her thin face was always pale, which indicates a constant need for good nutrition and about constant moral suffering. There was nothing particularly outstanding in her appearance, except for her large, clear blue eyes, which seemed to look straight into people's souls. Sonya was about 18 years old, but she looked younger. It’s not for nothing that the author emphasizes this detail in the heroine’s appearance. After all, the vicious image of a corrupt girl did not suit little Sonya at all. The girl is forced to take this path by circumstances and her penchant for self-sacrifice.

Sonya is a very kind and understanding girl. She does not judge other people, but only helps to get on the right path. Having met, Sonya tries to return his lost soul to him. At first the hero does not understand the girl, and believes that she suffers because of her naivety, that everyone uses her as a source of money. Rodion is amazed by Sonya's attitude towards him. Even after telling about the crime, the young man sees not condemnation, but regret and pain in the eyes of the girl in love. She helped him understand his guilt and begin his path to repentance.

Dostoevsky created a unique female image"eternal Sonechka" Why eternal? Because Sonya is the embodiment of eternal kindness and innocence. Yes, yes, Sonya remained an innocent soul, despite the fact that her body became corrupt. For a believer, the body is just temporary matter; the soul has always been more important. But no one managed to denigrate Sonya’s soul. Despite poverty, condemnation, and the anger of other people, the girl did not lose her sincerity and humanity.

Sonechka's fate in the novel crime punishment. Essay on the topic: The image of the “eternal Sonechka” in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”

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The image of the “eternal” Sonechka (based on F. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”)

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