Troekurov and Dubrovsky: comparative characteristics of the heroes. Description of Dubrovsky's appearance from the novel Dubrovsky

DUBROVSKY

(Novel, 1832-1833; published 1841)

Troekurov Kirila Petrovich - a well-born nobleman, a wealthy owner of a village. Pokrovsky, retired chief general, tyrant, the threat of all the surrounding landowners; father of Masha, Dubrovsky's lover.

The prototype of T. is the landowner of the Kozlovsky district of the Guard, Lieutenant Colonel Semyon Kryukov, who in 1832 unjustly seized the estate from second lieutenant Ivan Muratov. T.'s quarrel with his former friend, the father of the main character, which led to the ruin of the Dubrovskys, insanity, and then the death of the old landowner, serves as the beginning of a tragic plot about a nobleman who is forced to become a robber and at the same time is madly in love with the daughter of his main offender.

Unlike the image of Dubrovsky (and partly Masha), the image of T. could not be assembled from ready-made literary “blocks,” although the story of the legal battle repeats the plot points of “The Bride of Lammermoor” (the novel by W. Scott): the litigation between old Ravenswood and Ashton. The very type of Russian gentleman-tyrant, moreover, modern, and not borrowed from pre-Petrine history, was not developed in detail by Russian literature. Exceptions like the prince in V. Narezhny’s novel “Russian Gilblas” do not count; rich experience of Russian comedy at the end of the 18th century. based on the stage depiction of the type of ignorant landowner, it was not subject to direct transfer to literary soil. The images of Pravolov (a landowner who takes away the estate from the “poor and voiceless” widow Sveneldova) and the “magnificent robber Buyanov” from the morally descriptive “landowner” novel by D. N. Begichev “The Kholmsky Family...” (1832) only outlined the features of the new literary type. The novelty of the hero implied greater detail and colorfulness of the image; the social portrait of master T. partly overshadowed the image of the “noble robber” Dubrovsky.

T. is precisely a tyrant; that is, a man spoiled and dissolute to the point of disgrace, intoxicated by the consciousness of his strength. Wealth, family, connections - this is the formula for his sense of life. Gluttony, drunkenness, voluptuousness (a lot of peasant children are running around the yard, like two peas in a pod similar to T.; in the outbuilding, as in a harem, sixteen maids are locked - a tragic projection of the castle of the “twelve maidens” from the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”) - here his pastime. Humiliation of the weak, " noble amusements Russian master” like baiting an unwary guest with a bear - that’s his pleasure. “The Perfect Cook” is his only reading. (Despite the fact that the house has an extensive library, the keys to which were given to daughter Masha.)

Moreover, T. is not a born villain; respects the determination of others - that is why for the time being he was sincerely friends with his poor neighbor, the owner of 70 souls, Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. (In the original version, the theme of T.’s “wealth” and the “rootlessness” of Dubrovsky Sr., his former colleague, was complicated by a political motive: after Catherine’s coup of 1762, which split the nobility, one continued to serve, the other retired.) And if in in the end, after a quarrel at the kennel, he decided to “punish” old man Dubrovsky and, with the help of bribes, seize his only estate, Kistenevka; if he drove his former comrade first to insanity, and then to death, it was not out of greed, but purely out of tyranny, out of a desire to satisfy the whim of revenge. It is not without reason that after the “victorious” verdict of the court, T.’s conscience grumbles; he angrily whistles the anthem “Roll the Thunder of Victory” (which he always does in a bad mood); and in the end goes to make peace. Another thing is that it’s late—late both physically (the old man is already dying) and metaphysically. (Affairs pass into the hands of Dubrovsky Jr., who, through a servant, conveys a humiliating order to T. to get out.)

In the same way, when Vladimir, who became “ noble robber", under the guise of a French teacher, Deforge, settles in T.'s house - and cold-bloodedly kills the "pleasure bear." T. not only does not regret the death of his beloved Misha, but also admires "Deforge", as he once admired the old man Dubrovsky.

The trouble is not in T. personally, but in social structure Russian life; it develops in an uneducated, unenlightened - albeit well-born - nobleman the worst inclinations; makes the weak weaker, and in the strong it creates faith in the limitlessness of his power: “This is the strength, to take away property without any right.” Even the most living and natural of all human feelings - love for children - is distorted to the limit; T. dotes on his Masha, but arranges his daughter’s fate not only against her will, but also against her happiness, based on considerations of the benefits and disadvantages of kinship acquired through marriage.

This is all the more terrible because the landowner is, as it were, reflected in the peasants under his control; “Troyekurov’s” are as arrogant as he is. It is not for nothing that the metaphor of a pack, a kennel, runs through the entire text of the novel: it is Troekurov’s kennel who is insolent to Dubrovsky Sr. - and, as it were, pits the landowners against each other; Dubrovsky Jr.’s servant, sent by the master to drive T. out of the yard, reinterprets the order: “Get out, old dog,” after which Nanny Egorovna remarks with satisfaction: “I guess he put his tail between his legs.” And the key to the scene of the Troyekurovs’ temple holiday (October 1) are the words that the suddenly distraught old man Dubrovsky uttered immediately after the announcement of the unrighteous verdict: “hunters take dogs to God’s church.” If - by Orthodox tradition- a dog enters the temple, the shrine is considered desecrated; Following these words, Dubrovsky Sr. throws an inkwell at the assessor (like Martin Luther at the appearance of the devil). All this inevitably demonizes social life, depicted by Pushkin; which means that through the image of T. they also begin to shine through with their dark light demonic traits. (It is not for nothing that in the temple festival scene that opens the 2nd volume of the novel, he is depicted praying and bowing with proud humility.)

On a demonic basis social problems(and their decisive characters) Pushkin will focus on his next prose experience, the story “ Queen of Spades"(1833). For now, he confines himself to a half-hint at the “surreal” background of events and is busy searching for a real way out of real contradictions; searches and does not find. Before the king, who, especially after Patriotic War 1812, must be the guardian of Russian justice, far away; the minds of the nobles are not enlightened; The “noble-peasant” revolt not only cannot be consistently noble, but is also not capable of destroying class barriers; moreover, before leaving for honest robbers Dubrovsky has a remote chance of marrying Masha (for T., at least in words, once allowed such a possibility) - the rebellion deprives him of this hope. All that remains is to remember the truth that the author puts into the mouth of the priest heading to the wake for old man Dubrovsky: “Vanity of vanities... and they will sing to Kiril Petrovich eternal memory...won’t the funeral be richer...but does God care!”

Who is Troekurov?

Troekurov and Dubrovsky

The relationship between the friends changed when a worker at Troekurov's kennel made an insulting joke at Dubrovsky, saying that many nobles do not have the same living conditions as the local dogs. The humiliated Andrei Gavrilovich demanded that a huntsman be sent to him for punishment. Kirill Petrovich was angry with his friend for the master's treatment of his serfs and decided to take revenge. For this purpose, through the court, he takes away the house from his former friend. Seeing the effect this had, he begins to feel torment and wants to stop the quarrel. “Satisfied revenge and lust for power drowned out to some extent nobler feelings, but the latter finally triumphed. He decided to make peace with his old neighbor, to destroy the traces of the quarrel, returning his property to him.” Dubrovsky falls dead when Troekurov drives into the yard. And the young heir’s harsh statement addressed to him destroys the latter’s noble impulses.

Relationship with daughter

When the question of Masha’s marriage to the old prince arises, Troekurov gives his consent without hesitation, not paying attention to the girl’s protest. He is seduced by his own benefits, which he will receive by becoming related to a noble person. Happy family life Masha doesn't matter to him.

Stupidity and arrogance deprive Troekurov of his only true friend and the love of his daughter. Many human vices found refuge in Kirill Petrovich. The meaninglessness of such an existence is described by Pushkin in the following lines: “Vanity of vanities... and they will sing eternal memory to Kiril Petrovich... will the funeral be richer... but does God care!”

The image of the landowner Troekurov in the novel “Dubrovsky”

For Pushkin, this novel was a response to the development of Western prose. In 1830, the novel “Red and Black” by Stendhal was published, in 1830-1831 - “Shagreen Skin” by Balzac, in 1832 - “Indiana” by Georges Sand.

"Dubrovsky" is a socio-psychological novel. The idea for the novel arose at the end of September 1832. In September 1832, Pushkin met with P.V. Nashchokin and heard from him a story about Dubrovsky’s prototype - the Belarusian nobleman Ostrovsky, who became a victim of judicial lawlessness in the early 1830s.

The novel gives a picture of the life of a Russian provincial nobility. The old Russian master Kirila Petrovich Troekurov comes from noble family, very rich, with great connections. Both Dubrovsky and Troekurov are representatives of the family nobility, which was not united. Troekurov is a retired general-in-chief. There is no direct information about the size of his fortune. “It is mentioned that the village of Pokrovskoye is one of several estates. The manor house is a huge stone one. In the kennel yard there were five hundred hounds and greyhounds, an infirmary for sick dogs and a department where the bitches were whelped. Troekurov leaves “in a wheeled carriage.” A five-domed stone church was built at the expense of Kirila Petrovich and is annually decorated with his “offerings”. positive aspects The image of the landowner Troekurov. He is a great hospitable person. At one of the receptions in his house, a table was set for eighty cutlery.

He had no calculated plans to marry his daughter Masha to a necessarily rich man. He once told Andrei Gavrilovich that he would give Masha for his son, although he was “naked as a falcon.” He is devoid of servility and behaves arrogantly with people of the highest rank.

An accidental quarrel between Troekurov and Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky resulted in the deprivation of A.G. Dubrovsky’s rights to his village with “seventies souls.” “Kirila Petrovich was embarrassed. He was not selfish by nature, the desire for revenge led him too far, his conscience grumbled... He decided to make peace with his neighbor, destroy even traces of the quarrel, returning his property.”

But remorse rarely visits Troekurov. He is used to everyone obeying him, rushing to fulfill his whims. In the district court he is greeted with deep respect. No one dares refuse his invitations. “Spoiled by everything that surrounded him, he was accustomed to giving full rein... to all the ideas of a rather limited mind.” On one of the holidays, Troekurov ordered the gates to be locked and no one allowed out of the yard until the next morning. The best joke Troekurov had a bear baiting some guest. An angry Troekurov could “ruin to the ground” the village and besiege the landowner himself in his estate. The French teacher tells Vladimir Dubrovsky that The image of the landowner Troekurov- a proud and capricious image, cruel in his treatment of his family, that he pinpointed two teachers to death. Let us note, by the way, that Troekurov offered the teacher a salary of three thousand rubles a year and everything was ready. This luxurious salary can be compared with the annual income of six thousand rubles of the landowner Oblomov (“Oblomov” Goncharov), owner of three hundred and fifty souls in two villages.

Pushkin also mentions the tyranny of serfdom Landowner Troyekurov in relation to women. Sixteen maids lived in one of the wings of his house. “The windows in the outbuilding were blocked by wooden bars; the doors were locked with locks, the keys to which were kept by Kirila Petrovich.” The police officer tells the women in Kistenevka that Troekurov is a “great hunter” for them. There was a large library in Troekurov's house, but he never read anything other than The Perfect Cook.

Tyranny The image of the landowner Troekurov fully manifested itself to his daughter Masha. He married her to Prince Vereisky, whom she did not love. After reading the novel, the reader forms a negative opinion about the nobility and serfdom in Russia. This occurs due to the strong emotional impact The image of the landowner Troekurov.

One of best works A. S. Pushkin is the novel “Dubrovsky”, written in the adventure genre. In this work, the author gives a number of vivid images characteristic of the 19th century. One of them is Kirila Petrovich Troekurov.

Ardent disposition and rather limited mind

That's exactly what we can say about the hero briefly. The eldest Troekurov is a gentleman, of old upbringing, a retired general. He is a rich and famous widower throughout the area who is raising adult daughter marriageable. They are afraid of him. People around him begin to worry as soon as they hear his first or last name. They please him in the most insignificant whims, because they are afraid of incurring the wrath of the all-powerful landowner Troekurov.

Kirila Petrovich himself takes this behavior of others for granted. It shouldn’t be any other way, he believes. There are no differences for him; he behaves arrogantly with everyone. Without bothering anyone with his attention and visits, he demands the opposite of himself. He should be the center, all the attention of others should be directed to him.
This is a spoiled, proud and perverted person. The author embodied in his image all the vices of human dementia. The description of Troekurov is a description of a man of limited intelligence who cannot restrain his ardent temper and addictions.

Troekurov is allowed everything and he knows nothing is denied. He allows himself to treat others with disrespect. But his servants are devoted to him, as they understand his position well: Troekurov’s estate is the richest in the area, and the master himself enjoys unlimited power.

Relationship with Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky

Troekurov despises and humiliates those around him, and tries every time to show his superiority. However, in his relationship with the elder Dubrovsky, Troekurov’s character is shown differently. This independent, poor landowner evokes a feeling of respect in him. They had known each other for a long time, served together, became widowers almost simultaneously, each raised a child. Dubrovsky is the only person who could afford to express own opinion under Troekurov.
But when Andrei Gavrilovich tries to point out that people in Troekurov’s house live worse than dogs, the all-powerful master gets angry and begins to take revenge, choosing the most scary way- illegally take away an estate, crush a neighbor, forcing him to humiliate himself and submit to his power. Nothing is impossible for him because he is rich. He is not concerned about the moral side of the action.
His temper is known to everyone, and when it subsided a little and the landowner decided to forgive his former friend, it was too late. In an instant, the wayward and power-hungry master Troekurov managed to destroy destinies.

Father and daughter

The characterization of Troekurov from the novel “Dubrovsky” in his relationship with his daughter Masha is no less clearly revealed. Even despite his love for her, he makes no exceptions, treating his daughter the same as others. He is harsh and capricious, at some moments cruel, so Masha does not trust him with her feelings and experiences. She grew up reading books, which managed to replace communication with her cruel father.

The main goal of his life is wealth and he tries to get it in any way. Deciding to give his daughter as a wife to an old man who has a lot of money and power, he stops at nothing. Masha's happiness means nothing to her father - the main thing is to be rich and powerful.

The image of Troekurov in the novel “Dubrovsky” indicates the majority of human vices. This is callousness of the soul, and dementia, and depravity, and immoderate lust for power and greed.
But not everything in life is valued by wealth. Troyekurov’s story is instructive and the author makes you think about one simple truth, which was voiced by the priest at the beginning of the novel, at the funeral of Dubrovsky the elder: “Vanity of vanities... and they will sing eternal memory to Kiril Petrovich... will the funeral be richer... but does God care!”

Work test

The novel “Dubrovsky” is one of the most striking and original works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It masterfully depicts the typical characters of its time. With the help of prominent and vivid images, Pushkin was able to pose the most pressing and pressing questions of his time.

Kirila Petrovich Troekurov is one of the most colorful and memorable images in the work.

Troekurov is a noble Russian gentleman, a retired general-in-chief living on his rich estate, as well as an early widowed father raising his daughter. This is a person who does not allow anything to be denied, is vain and spoiled.

Being the embodiment of depravity and narrow-mindedness, Kirila Petrovich allows herself things that are questionable from the point of view of morality and decency. Neighbors and officials have to cater to his every whim and whim, because he has great authority in society and certain connections. Troekurov is very fond of an obsequious attitude towards himself and forces those around him to participate in his lordly noisy amusements. For example, he considers them very funny and original jokes baiting with bears, dogs or beating with rods. In his outbuilding, 16 young hermits always live, doing handicrafts. Kirila Petrovich sometimes married off tired needlewomen, replacing them with new girls. He also starts a very clear relationship with Masha’s teacher, a certain Mamzel Mimi. When Mamzel gave birth to Troekurov's son Sasha, despite the master's certain affection for her, she was sent away to another estate. At the same time, many other children similar to Kiril Petrovich did not find the happiness of being recognized by an influential father.

The master is quite cruel with the peasants and his servants, while the people subjugated to him are loyal and even a little proud of the power, wealth and authority of the owner.

Kiril Petrovich’s relationship with his former friend and neighbor Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky clearly characterizes him. Initially brave and independent, Andrei Gavrilovich, despite his poverty, evokes genuine respect from the tyrant master. However, at some point, Troyekurov’s eccentric and hot-tempered character does not allow him to accept Dubrovsky’s attempt to defend his noble honor. In anger, Troekurov plans to deprive his comrade and neighbor of his estate, wanting to hit and crush Andrei Gavrilovich more painfully. Having illegally taken away the estate, in last moment, Troekurov has a desire to reconcile with his neighbor. A visit to the Dubrovsky estate becomes fatal for its residents. The humiliated Andrei Gavrilovich dies upon seeing a man who has become the source of numerous troubles. Easily and without thinking, the wayward master destroys the lives of his only friend and his son.

You can learn a lot about the character of Kiril Petrovich in communication with his daughter. Despite her sincere love for Masha, her opinion is never taken into account and is not considered valuable. The tears of his daughter, whom he passes off as the unloved but rich old man Vereisky, do not evoke Troyekurov’s pity and he coldly passes Masha off as a prince.

The image depicted by Pushkin is a vivid illustration and concentration of all the shortcomings, weaknesses and vices characteristic of the noble society of that time.

Essay about Kirill Troekurov

In Pushkin’s novel “Dubrovsky” one of the main characters is a very rich gentleman named Troekurov. Andrei Dubrovsky and Kirill Troekurov served together, were friends until a certain point, and then, when they quarreled, Troekurov decides to take away the estate from Dubrovsky. After winning the trial, Troekurov goes to make peace with Dubrovsky, because he still has friendly feelings for Andrei, but arrives too late: unable to bear the grief of losing his estate, Dubrovsky dies. The fact that Troekurov, despite his cruelty and tyranny, goes to make peace with former friend, the author is trying to say that Troekurov, in general, is not a bad person, only very spoiled by the power that he was endowed with because of a lot of money, connections and opportunities.

Kirill Troekurov is not a stingy man who gave his life from his youth military service. The neighbors are trying in every possible way to please and seduce the influential Troekurov. His house is constantly swarming with guests. Often these are very rich guests, because Troekurov does not like the poor and respects only rich people, he is very arrogant and domineering. Because of his temper, he often lashes out at his peasants. According to his duty as a nobleman, he was obliged to know French, but he didn't know him. In general, Troekurov was an almost uneducated man who had read only one book in his entire life. Because of this, he was not in the best better relations with my daughter - she loved to read.

To confirm that Troekurov is a rich tyrant, one can give an example of how he has fun: just look at the situation with the bear, which was set on Troekurov’s guests in order to laugh and see how a person would behave in a dangerous situation.

Troekurov’s relationship with his daughter, Masha, is tense: he loves her madly and is ready to fulfill her every whim, but they are not spiritually related, Masha despises her father for the way of life he leads, for the entertainment that amuses him and for the company of his friends and just guests who are constantly on Troekurov’s estate. Nevertheless, Maria loves her father very much, because she grew up without a mother and her only blood consolation is her father. However, Troekurov wants to give his daughter to a rich, but old man who is not loved by Masha, which shows that he does not understand how to express his love for his daughter. He tries to give her the happiness that he himself considers happiness - money and power, but he forgets that his daughter dreams of something completely different, she needs real love and feelings, not material values.

Option 3

Pushkin wrote the work “Dubrovsky” in 1833. The author based the plot on an episode from the life of the “Belarusian poor nobleman” Ostrovsky, which his friend, Pavel Nashchokin, told him about. Ostrovsky became the prototype of the main character - Vladimir Dubrovsky.

In his novel, the writer reflects on the pressing problems of the time, draws vivid characters, introduces interesting destinies. A wide panorama is presented different types people: some are honest and noble, while others are cruel and inhuman.

It is to the second group that the landowner-tyrant Kirila Petrovich Troekurov belongs, about whom we'll talk. His figure among other characters emerges in a special way. (It must be said that all the images presented by the writer are deeply realistic).

Troekurov - a feudal landowner, owner of several estates with big amount peasant souls. He is a retired general, a gentleman in real life and figuratively this word. It rarely happens in life that poorly educated rich and noble “gentlemen” show mercy and respect for people. That's why Pushkin hero(Troekurov) was distinguished by his arrogance and unbridled character: money and connections gave him unlimited power. According to the author, he lives for his own pleasure and has no remorse. He can do anything, loves to party, and is often “tipsy.” There is no limit to food (often suffers from gluttony). Kirila Petrovich even has his own “harem”: “a lot of barefoot children, just like him” from young governesses can be seen on the estate. This is a proud, vain, spoiled and perverted person.

To the master's "wild" fun normal person cannot look indifferently. One of his favorite “jokes” - watching a man come face to face with a bear and tremble with fear and powerlessness - is shocking. Troekurov enjoys this and experiences extraordinary delight.

But his subordinates, despite his strict, capricious attitude towards them, groveled and pleased, feeling the power of power and money.

He brought the only person whom he respected and considered a friend (a retired lieutenant, fellow colleague and neighbor Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky) to death, having illegally taken away his estate. The reason was pride.

However, if you look closely at all the images in this work, you can find those similar to him in their actions and deeds. Prince Vereisky is no better than his neighbor. Troekurov's servants have similar character traits to their master.

Each person understands the joy of life in his own way. For some, this is an expensive phone, a trip abroad with parents, or an exciting computer game. For me it's an opportunity to spend time with friends and play sports.