What is a choir, and what is not a choir, but only a collection of singers? Types of choir - mixed female male Orenburg folk choir

CHORUS, -A, pl. choirs And choirs, m.

1. East. Mandatory collective participant ancient Greek tragedy and comedy.

2. Singing group performing vocal works. Gypsy choir. Conduct a choir. □ The theater had an exemplary choir and first-class soloists. Yuryev, Notes. || A musical piece intended to be performed by a singing group. For the school anniversary, I did not write a cantata, but simply a choir that the students should sing at the celebration. Tchaikovsky, Letter to N. F. Mekk, 27 September. 1885. || what. A collection of smb. sounds made at the same time. The birds plopped heavily onto the water, and soon their contented quacks joined the numerous chorus of duck voices. Korolenko, In desert places. For a minute there was a silence of deep enchantment, immediately replaced by a chorus of enthusiastic exclamations. L. Andreev, Angel.

3. whom or Which. Outdated A group of musicians playing the same instruments (as part of an orchestra or separately). And the whole choir of Uhlan trumpeters thundered in unison from the balcony, Amid the comforting ringing of plates, spoons and knives. Lermontov, Tambov Treasurer. || what. A collection of identical musical instruments that perform musical composition, sounding simultaneously. Violin choir. □ The bacchantes, with shouts and laughter, held a grape feast, and a choir of tympanums, flutes and lyres merged noisily with the distant echo. A.K. Tolstoy, Crimean essays.

4. trans.; whom. A collection, a group of people who agree to express something. judgment, opinion, etc. About one estate of the Heirs, an angry chorus starts an obscene argument. Pushkin, Evgeny Onegin. || what. Many identical opinions, judgments, etc., expressed simultaneously. Chorus of ridicule. □ Killed!.. Why now the sobs, the unnecessary chorus of empty praises. Lermontov, Death of a Poet.

5. what. Trad.-poet. Cluster, many (celestial bodies). The night is frosty, the whole sky is clear; The heavenly luminaries, a wondrous choir, Flows so quietly, so harmoniously. Pushkin, Evgeny Onegin. Choirs of slender luminaries float quietly in the fog. Lermontov, Demon.

6. in meaning adv. in unison. a) All together, in several voices (about singing). My neighbor began to sing a mournful barge hauler song in a thin voice, and everyone joined in in chorus. Pushkin, Captain's daughter; b) all at once, at the same time, together (about some kind of statement). The rest of the grooms thanked Kapiton Averyanych in unison. Ertel, Gardeniny.

7. Music In strings musical instruments- double, triple, etc. strings.

[Greek χορός]

Source (printed version): Dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes / RAS, Institute of Linguistics. research; Ed. A. P. Evgenieva. - 4th ed., erased. - M.: Rus. language;

Polygraph resources, 1999;(electronic version): Hora- a unique practice focused on strengthening endurance

in all its manifestations: mental, intellectual and physical. In our world, endurance is one of the key qualities that allow you to achieve success. To meet the requirements of a modern constantly changing society, and not to be among the outsiders, a person must work efficiently and hard., But without stamina, this is often a path to burnout. Using the practice of the Choir allows you to do the same amount of work, but at the same time be in active physical, intellectual and mental state minimizing your fatigue. Particular attention in Chora is paid to mental and intellectual endurance, after all, in

modern world

Most people are engaged in work that does not require physical effort. In the process, Chora allows for constant support, pumping and strengthening of the psychophysical and evolutionary natural potential. The key principle of Choir practice is combination of pressure and resistance, similar to the harmony inherent in the Eastern philosophical principle of “yin-yang”. This is manifested in every exercise - the interaction of masculine and

feminine , strength and pliability. This principle can also be justified from the point of view of the Western concept of evolution - species are forced to resist and adapt to the pressure of the natural environment, this is how life develops. From the point of view of physical practice, pressure and resistance promote internal heating, which, when breathing is connected correctly, improves harmonious energy exchange in the body.

. At the same time, the spiritual and physical are united together: by firmly fixing in an extremely supportive position or plunging into forceful action, a person achieves state of integrity Master the Hora level intelligence is impossible.

- practice plays a key role, and all the work is in it fulfills instinct Classes according to the Choir system are held in training mode, each of which lasts from one and a half to two hours. At the same time, the development of sustainable changes and results takes place in individually - under the supervision of the leader, which can take into account the characteristics of the practitioner as much as possible and optimize the load. Work using the Hora technique is done in pairs. Doing exercises does not require special sports training, but they can be done only under the supervision of a specialist. You cannot practice Hora on your own.

Advantages The chorus before other methods can be briefly formulated as follows:

Adaptation to modern man;
Clarity and pragmatism;
Naturalness;
Unity of rest and action;
Uniqueness;
Evolutionary potential.

To the basic principles The choirs include:

Instinctive-evolutionary support;
Instinctive-evolutionary type of breathing;
Instinctive-evolutionary concentration of attention.

In addition to the general lesson program, Chora has modifications, in particular women's program oriented towards sex appeal.

Chora allows you not only to achieve optimal mental state, but also get rid of from a number of diseases. In particular, this practice has proven itself well in the restoration of the spine, allowing the healing process to occur naturally and holistically.

This article about the choir as a singing group. See also other meanings of this word.

Gregorian Church Choir

Perm Music College Choir

Most often, the choir includes four choral parts: sopranos, altos, tenors, basses. But the number of parts is, in principle, not limited, since each of these main parts can be divided into several relatively independent parts (this phenomenon among musicians is called division): in Vasily Titov’s partes concerts there are 12 or more choral parts; Stabat Mater by Krzysztof Penderecki is written for a triple choir of 16 voices each (for a total of 48 choral parts).

The choir can sing with or without instruments. Singing without accompaniment is called a cappella singing. Instrumental accompaniment can include almost any instrument, one or more, or an entire orchestra. As a rule, during choir rehearsals, in the process of learning a piece written for a choir and orchestra, the orchestra is temporarily replaced by the piano; The piano is also used as an auxiliary instrument when learning choral works a cappella.

Types of choirs

Depending on the gender and age of the singers, choirs can be classified as follows:

mixed choir (the most common type of choir) - consists of female and male voices. Women's voices consists of soprano and alto parts, male voices make up the tenor and bass parts. Within each part there is usually a division into first (higher) and second (lower) voices: sopranos I and II, altos I and II, tenors I and II, basses I and II;
boys and youth choir- consists of the same four main parts as the mixed one, but the soprano part is performed by boys - treblets, the alto part - countertenor - by young men singing in falsetto; the tenor and bass parts in such a choir, as well as in a mixed one, are performed by men;
male choir- consists of tenors and basses, with each part divided into two voices: first (high) and second (low) tenors and first and second basses. The part of the first tenors can be expanded by countertenor singers singing (in falsetto) an even higher part, tessitura located outside the normal male vocal range;
women's choir- consists of sopranos and altos, with each part divided into two voices: first and second sopranos and first and second altos;
children's choir- consists of two parts: sopranos (trebles) and altos, sometimes of three - sopranos (trebles) I and II, and altos; Other options are also possible.

The minimum number of singers in one choir is 3 people.

From the point of view of singing style, there are:

academic choirs- singing in an academic manner, based on the standard of European academic (opera and concert) singing tone;
folk choirs- singing in a folk manner.

Types of choirs

Based on the number of participants there are:

small choirs- from 12 to 20 participants;
chamber choirs- from 12 to 30-50 participants;
middle choirs- from 40 to 60-70 participants;
large choirs- from 70 to 120 participants;
combined choirs- up to 1000 participants, gathered for a period of time from different groups. Such compositions have the status of “happening performance” and do not actually belong to the performing arts, since they represent rather a propaganda and educational direction.

Choirs can have different statuses, such as professional, amateur, church and educational choirs.

Notes

Literature

Anisimov A. I. Conductor-choirmaster. Creative and methodological notes.- L.: “Music”, 1976.- 160 p.
Asafiev B.V. About choral art: Sat. articles / Comp. and comment. A. Pavlova-Arbenina.- L.: Music, 1980.- 216 p.
Vinogradov K. Work on diction in the choir. - M.: Muzyka, 1967.
Dmitrevskaya K. Russian Soviet choral music. Vol. 1.- M.: Soviet Composer, 1974.
Dmitrevsky G. Choral studies and choir management. - Muzgiz, 1957.
Evgrafov, Yu.A. Elementary theory of manual choir control. - M.: Music, 1995
Egorov, A. A. Theory and practice of working with a choir / A. A. Egorov. - L.; M.: Gosmuizdat, 1951.
Zhivov, V. L. Performing analysis of a choral work. - M.: Music, 1987.
Zhivov V.L. Choral performance: Theory. Methodology. Practice. - M.: Vlados, 2003.
Ilyin V. Essays on the history of Russian choral culture.- M.: Soviet composer, 1985.
Kazachkov S. A. Choir conductor - artist and teacher / Kazan. state Conservatory. - Kazan, 1998. - 308 p.
Kazachkov S. A. From lesson to concert. - Kazan: Kazan University Publishing House, 1990. - 343 p.
Lokshin D. Wonderful Russian choirs and their conductors. - M.: Muzgiz, 1963.
Nikolskaya-Beregovskaya K. F. Russian vocal and choir school: From antiquity to the 21st century - M.: Vlados, 2003. ISBN 5-691-01077-8
In memory of A.V. Sveshnikov. Collection of articles ed. S. Kalinina. - M.: Music, 1998.
In memory of N. M. Danilin. Letters, memories, documents. - M.: Soviet Composer, 1987.
Bird K. Masters of choral art at the Moscow Conservatory. - M.: Muzyka, 1970.
Sivizyanov A. The problem of muscular freedom of the choir conductor. - M.: Muzyka, 1983. - 55 p.
Romanovsky N.V. Choral dictionary. - L.: Music, 1980
Samarin V. Choral dance. - M.: Music, 2011.
Sokolov V. Work with the choir. - M.: Music, 1967.
Teneta-Barteneva L.B. Lebedev Konstantin Mikhailovich. (Essay on the life and creative path of an outstanding choral conductor and teacher). - M.: 4th branch of Voenizdat, 2002
Chesnokov P. G.. Choir and its management. A manual for choral conductors. Ed. 3rd - M., 1961.
Shamina L.V. Work with an amateur choir. - M.: Muzyka, 1981. - 174 p.

Story

Some of the first singing groups were ancient Greek choirs, used during tragedies. But unlike modern dramaturgy and in the theater he himself was not a character, but played a role public opinion, which determined the choice of other characters. The ancient Greek choir always sang in one voice, either unaccompanied or accompanied by a kithara, which also played in unison with the choir.

Early Christianity adopted the ancient tradition, and until the 10th–12th centuries, choirs sang only in unison or octave. Then began the division of votes into low and high and the emergence of different parties for them. Until XV (and in church hymn- until the 17th century) the choir consisted only of men (with the exception of choirs of nuns).

Types of choirs

Under the name choir type understand the characteristics of the performing group based on the constituent groups of singing voices. It is known that singing voices are divided into three groups - women's, men's and children's. Thus, a choir that combines the voices of one group is called homogeneous, and a choir that has combinations of female (or children's) and male voices or singing voices from all groups is called mixed. In performing practice, four types of choirs are common: women's, men's, children's, mixed.

mixed choir(the most common type of choir) - consists of female and male voices. Women's voices make up the soprano and alto parts, while men's voices make up the tenor and bass parts. Within each part there is usually a division into first (higher) and second (lower) voices: sopranos I and II, altos I and II, tenors I and II, basses I and II;
boys and youth choir- consists of the same four main parts as the mixed one, but the soprano part is performed by boys called treble voices, the alto part is performed by low boy voices; the tenor and bass parts in such a choir, as well as in a mixed one, are performed by men;
male choir- consists of tenors and basses, with each part divided into two voices: first (high) and second (low) tenors and first and second basses. The part of the first tenors can be expanded with countertenor singers singing (in falsetto) an even higher part, tessitura located outside the normal male vocal range;
women's choir- consists of sopranos and altos, with each part divided into two voices: first and second sopranos and first and second altos;
children's choir- consists of two parts: sopranos (trebles) and altos, sometimes of three - sopranos (trebles) I and II, and altos; Other options are also possible.

The minimum number of singers in one choir is 3 people.

From the point of view of singing style, there are:

academic choirs- singing in an academic manner. Academic style of singing is based on principles and criteria musical creativity and performances developed by professional musical culture and the traditions of centuries-old experience of opera and chamber genres;
folk choirs- singing in a folk manner. Genre characteristics Russian folk choirs are: reliance on the local or regional tradition of everyday folk singing; use of natural register sound of voices; subvocal polyphonic singing of the song as the basis of choral polyphony.

Types of choral singing

Based on the number of participants there are:

vocal and choral ensemble- from 12 to 20 participants;
chamber choirs- from 20 to 30-50 participants;
middle choirs- from 40 to 60-70 participants;
large choirs- from 70 to 120 participants;
combined choirs- up to 1000 participants, gathered for a while from different teams. Such compositions have the status of “happening performance” and do not actually belong to the performing arts, since they represent rather a propaganda and educational direction.

Choirs can have different statuses, for example, professional, amateur (amateur), church and educational choirs.

Notes

Literature

Anisimov A. I. Conductor-choirmaster. Creative and methodological notes.- L.: “Music”, 1976.- 160 p.
Asafiev B.V. About choral art: Sat. articles / Comp. and comment. A. Pavlova-Arbenina.- L.: Music, 1980.- 216 p.
Vinogradov K. Work on diction in the choir. - M.: Muzyka, 1967.
Dmitrevskaya K. Russian Soviet choral music. Vol. 1.- M.: Soviet Composer, 1974.
Dmitrevsky G. Choral studies and choir management. - Muzgiz, 1957.
Evgrafov, Yu. A. Elementary theory of manual choir control. - M.: Music, 1995
Egorov, A. A. Theory and practice of working with a choir / A. A. Egorov. - L.; M.: Gosmuizdat, 1951.

From floor-length arafans, kokoshniks and song art. Russian folk choirs with the title “academic” - as recognition of the highest level of stage performance. Read more about the path of the “populists” at big stage- Natalya Letnikova.

Kuban Cossack Choir

200 years of history. The songs of the Cossacks are either a horse march or a walking sortie to “Marusya, one, two, three...” with a valiant whistle. 1811 is the year the first choral group was created in Russia. Alive historical monument, who carried Kuban history and the singing traditions of the Cossack army through the centuries. At the origins were the spiritual educator of Kuban, Archpriest Kirill Rossinsky and regent Grigory Grechinsky. Since the middle of the 19th century, the group not only participated in divine services, but also gave secular concerts in the spirit of reckless Cossack freemen and, according to Yesenin, “merry melancholy.”

Choir named after Mitrofan Pyatnitsky

A team that has proudly called itself “peasant” for a century now. And let professional artists perform on stage today, and not ordinary vociferous Great Russian peasants from Ryazan, Voronezh and other provinces, the choir represents folk song in amazing harmony and beauty. Every performance causes admiration, just like a hundred years ago. The first concert of the peasant choir took place in the hall of the Noble Assembly. The audience, including Rachmaninov, Chaliapin, Bunin, left the performance shocked.

Northern Folk Choir

A simple rural teacher Antonina Kolotilova lived in Veliky Ustyug. She gathered folk song lovers for handicrafts. On a February evening they sewed linen for orphanage: “The even, soft light falling from the lightning lamp created a special coziness. And outside the window the February bad weather was raging, the wind whistled in the chimney, rattled the boards on the roof, threw snow flakes at the window. This discrepancy between the warmth of a cozy room and the howling of a snow blizzard made my soul a little sad. And suddenly a song began to sound, sad, drawn-out...” This is how the northern chant sounds - 90 years. Already from the stage.

Ryazan Folk Choir named after Evgeniy Popov

Yesenin's songs. In the homeland of the main singer of the Russian land, his poems are sung. Melodic, piercing, exciting. Where White birch- either a tree or a girl, frozen on the high bank of the Oka. And the poplar is certainly “silver and bright.” A choir was created based on a rural folklore ensemble the village of Bolshaya Zhuravinka, which has been performing since 1932. Ryazan choir lucky. The leader of the group, Evgeny Popov, himself wrote music for the poems of his fellow countryman, who had an amazing sense of beauty. They sing these songs as if they are talking about their lives. Warm and gentle.

Siberian folk choir

Choir, ballet, orchestra, children's studio. The Siberian choir is multifaceted and in tune with the frosty wind. Concert program“The Coachman's Tale” is based on musical, song and choreographic material from the Siberian region, like many of the group’s stage sketches. The creativity of Siberians has been seen in 50 countries around the world - from Germany and Belgium to Mongolia and Korea. What they live about is what they sing about. First in Siberia, and then throughout the country. What happened with Nikolai Kudrin’s song “Bread is the Head of Everything,” which was first performed by the Siberian Choir.

Voronezh Russian Folk Choir named after Konstantin Massalinov

Songs in the front line in those hard days, when, it would seem, there is no time for creativity at all. The Voronezh choir appeared in the workers' village of Anna at the height of the Great Patriotic War- in 1943. We were the first to hear the songs of the new band in military units. The first big concert - with tears in our eyes - took place in Voronezh, liberated from the Germans. The repertoire includes lyrical songs and ditties that are known and loved in Russia. Including thanks to the most famous soloist of the Voronezh choir - Maria Mordasova.

Volga Folk Choir named after Pyotr Miloslavov

“A steppe wind walks across the stage of the Chatelet Theater and brings us the aroma of original songs and dances,”- wrote the French newspaper L’Umanite in 1958. Samara town introduced the Volga region's song heritage to the French. Performer - Volzhsky folk choir, created by decision of the Government of the RSFSR in 1952 by Pyotr Miloslavov. Unhurried and mental life along the banks of the great Volga and on stage. In the team I started my creative path Ekaterina Shavrina. The song “Snow White Cherry” was performed for the first time by the Volga Choir.

Omsk Folk Choir

Bear with a balalaika. The emblem of the famous team is well known both in Russia and abroad. “Love and pride of the Siberian land,” as the group of critics was dubbed in one of foreign trips. “The Omsk Folk Choir cannot only be called a restorer and custodian of old folk songs. He himself is a living embodiment folk art our days"- wrote British The Daily Telegraph. The repertoire is based on Siberian songs recorded by the founder of the group, Elena Kalugina, half a century ago and bright pictures from life. For example, the suite “Winter Siberian Fun”.

Ural Folk Choir

Performances at the fronts and in hospitals. The Urals not only provided the country with metal, but also raised morale with whirlwind dances and round dances, the richest folklore material of the Ural land. The Sverdlovsk Philharmonic brought together amateur groups from the surrounding villages of Izmodenovo, Pokrovskoye, Katarach, and Laya. “Our genre is alive”, - they say in the team today. And preserving this life is considered the main task. Like the famous Ural “Seven”. “Drobushki” and “barabushki” have been on stage for 70 years. Not a dance, but a dance. Eager and daring.

Orenburg Folk Choir

Down scarf as part stage costume. Fluffy lace intertwined with folk songs and in a round dance - as part of the life of the Orenburg Cossacks. The team was created in 1958 to preserve unique culture and rituals that exist “on the edge of vast Rus', along the banks of the Urals.” Every performance is like a performance. They perform not only the songs that the people composed. Even at the dances literary basis. “When the Cossacks Cry” is a choreographic composition based on a story by Mikhail Sholokhov from the life of village residents. However, every song or dance has its own story.

What is a choir, and what is not a choir, but only a collection of singers? Types of choir - mixed female male Orenburg folk choir

Types of choirs

Types of choirs

Notes

Literature

Links

see also

Synonyms

Story

Types of choirs

Types of choral singing

see also

Notes

Literature

Kuban Cossack Choir

Choir named after Mitrofan Pyatnitsky

Northern Folk Choir

Ryazan Folk Choir named after Evgeniy Popov

Siberian folk choir

Voronezh Russian Folk Choir named after Konstantin Massalinov

Volga Folk Choir named after Pyotr Miloslavov

Omsk Folk Choir

Ural Folk Choir

Orenburg Folk Choir