Drama "The Thunderstorm": Ostrovsky and his controversial female images. Characteristics of the characters in the play “The Thunderstorm”

(352 words) In the play “The Thunderstorm,” the author talks about the life of the merchants and philistines. Kalinov city – collective image « dark kingdom", in which ignorant people live, mired in routine. They want to preserve the patriarchal world at any cost, they care only about their own interests and look for profit in everything. Those who try to change the existing order turn out to be too weak and eventually resign themselves to reality.

The key image of the work is a thunderstorm. This is not only a natural phenomenon, but also a symbol of the conflict of generations. Kabanikha and Dikoy are representatives of the “old” world. They honor the laws of Domostroy, observe rituals, love an order in which the life, will and mind of those around them are in their hands. Marfa Ignatievna triumphs upon learning that her daughter-in-law has passed away: now order will be restored! The “old” world craves power, but its power is fragile. The Kabanovs’ house rests on a lie: “If only everything was sewn and covered.” The author is not talking about one abstract city, but about Russia as a whole: how many such families there are in the country!

Katerina’s image is bright and clean. The young woman is strong in spirit, God-fearing, sincere. Katerina cannot lie and therefore chooses the path of self-sacrifice. It is no coincidence that she was called “a ray of light in a dark kingdom.” The image of the heroine symbolizes strength of character, moral values, high aspirations. Also among the heroes, Kuligin stands out, whose thoughts are also pure, whose mind is independent of conventions. Thanks to such people, who will become more numerous over time, unnatural foundations will become a thing of the past.

Tikhon Kabanov - victim patriarchal world. He can't resolve internal conflict: to offend your wife or disobey your mother? Only in the face of tragedy does Tikhon show sincere feelings. This happens too late. Kabanov personifies obedience, humility, cowardice, but up to a certain point: a person endures until the last and then says everything he thinks. Varvara, Kudryash and Boris also endure, but gradually undermine the foundations of tyranny, violating prohibitions. In the finale, Tikhon’s sister runs away with the groom, throwing off the shackles of lies. However, Katerina’s lover is left with nothing.

So, the author portrayed several types of people in the play: narrow-minded merchants and townsfolk; those who are “out of place” in the patriarchal city, and “eccentrics”. Despite the fact that the work belongs to the genre critical realism, it cannot be said that the image of each hero is interpreted unambiguously. The ending of “The Thunderstorm” remains open: the reader himself draws his own conclusion about what happened next with most of them.

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(292 words) When we talk about a thunderstorm, we usually remember a natural phenomenon. But A.N. Ostrovsky in his work gave a different interpretation of the thunderstorm. Its symbolic meaning is revealed in several senses at once, depending on the circumstances in which the heroes find themselves.

The image of a thunderstorm appears already in the first act. Lightning flashes in the sky, thunder rumbles, heavy rain pours... This natural phenomenon accompanies the heroes until the fourth act. The thunderstorm either subsides or gains strength again. Even when there is no sign of the elements rampant, characters They look at the sky with anticipation and anxiety.

Everyone is afraid of thunderstorms, except Kuligin, a self-taught inventor. He lives in harmony with his conscience and therefore does not expect heavenly punishment. For Kuligin, a thunderstorm is not a mystical phenomenon, but an everyday one. She cannot kill: “Grace kills.” Dikoy objects to him: the thunderstorm was sent by God as a reminder to sinners of future judgment. But this is rather a primitive fear, a pagan understanding of a thunderstorm. And here main character Katerina is afraid natural phenomenon, because the elements contradict her character: the young woman is quiet and calm. She feels guilty before the Higher Powers and does not want to sudden death without remission of sins. It turns out that a thunderstorm is a symbol of the other world.

As the climax of the play arrives, the storm reaches its climax. The calm before the storm turns out to be deceptive: people who were imposingly strolling around the city rush to take refuge under the arches of the gallery. On its walls you can see the image of fiery Gehenna. Meanwhile, a storm broke out in the lives of the heroes. Katerina admits to treason precisely during the violence of the elements, succumbing to the fear of being at the mercy of lies. These words radically change the course of events in the Kabanov family. The internal and external thunderstorms become one.

It cannot be argued that the image of a thunderstorm is unequivocally negative. This is a cleansing process, a catalyst for change in the dark kingdom. After the rain, a rainbow appears in the sky, which means we can hope that Kalinov will be transformed, that people will decide to take bold actions, as Tikhon has already done: he went against the rules.

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Boris Grigorievich - Dikiy's nephew. He is one of the weakest characters in the play. B. himself says about himself: “I’m walking around completely dead... Driven, beaten...”
Boris is a kind, well-educated person. He stands out sharply against the background of the merchant environment. But he is by nature weak person. B. is forced to humiliate himself before his uncle, Dikiy, for the sake of hope for the inheritance that he will leave him. Although the hero himself knows that this will never happen, he nevertheless curries favor with the tyrant, tolerating his antics. B. is unable to protect either himself or his beloved Katerina. In misfortune, he only rushes about and cries: “Oh, if only these people knew how it feels for me to say goodbye to you! My God! God grant that someday they may feel as sweet as I do now... You villains! Monsters! Oh, if only there was strength! But B. does not have this power, so he is unable to alleviate Katerina’s suffering and support her choice by taking her with him.

Varvara Kabanova- daughter of Kabanikha, sister of Tikhon. We can say that life in Kabanikha’s house morally crippled the girl. She also does not want to live according to the patriarchal laws that her mother preaches. But, despite his strong character, V. does not dare to openly protest against them. Her principle is “Do what you want, as long as it’s safe and covered.”

This heroine easily adapts to the laws of the “dark kingdom” and easily deceives everyone around her. This became habitual for her. V. claims that it is impossible to live otherwise: their whole house rests on deception. “And I was not a liar, but I learned when it became necessary.”
V. was cunning while she could. When they began to lock her up, she ran away from the house, inflicting a crushing blow on Kabanikha.

Dikoy Savel Prokofich- a rich merchant, one of the most respected people in the city of Kalinov.

D. is a typical tyrant. He feels his power over people and complete impunity, and therefore does what he wants. “There are no elders over you, so you are showing off,” Kabanikha explains D.’s behavior.
Every morning his wife begs those around her with tears: “Fathers, don’t make me angry! Darlings, don’t make me angry!” But it’s hard not to make D. angry. He himself does not know what mood he may be in in the next minute.
This “cruel scolder” and “shrill man” does not mince words. His speech is filled with words like “parasite”, “Jesuit”, “asp”.
But D. “attacks” only on people weaker than himself, on those who cannot fight back. But D. is afraid of his clerk Kudryash, who has a reputation for being rude, not to mention Kabanikha. D. respects her, moreover, she is the only one who understands him. After all, the hero himself is sometimes not happy with his tyranny, but he can’t help himself. Therefore, Kabanikha considers D. a weak person. Kabanikha and D. are united by belonging to the patriarchal system, following its laws, and concern about the upcoming changes around them.

Kabanikha -Not recognizing changes, development and even diversity in the phenomena of reality, Kabanikha is intolerant and dogmatic. It “legitimizes” familiar forms of life as an eternal norm and considers it its supreme right to punish those who have violated the laws of everyday life, large or small. Being a convinced supporter of the immutability of the entire way of life, the “eternity” of the social and family hierarchy and the ritual behavior of each person who takes his place in this hierarchy, Kabanikha does not recognize the legitimacy of the individual differences of people and the diversity of life of peoples. Everything in which the life of other places differs from the life of the city of Kalinov testifies to “infidelity”: people who live differently from the Kalinovites must have the heads of dogs. The center of the universe is the pious city of Kalinov, the center of this city is the house of the Kabanovs, - this is how the experienced wanderer Feklusha characterizes the world to please the stern mistress. She, noticing the changes taking place in the world, claims that they threaten to “diminish” time itself. Any change seems to Kabanikha to be the beginning of sin. She is a champion of a closed life that excludes communication between people. They look out of the windows, she is convinced, for bad, sinful reasons; leaving for another city is fraught with temptations and dangers, which is why she reads endless instructions to Tikhon, who is leaving, and forces him to demand from his wife that she not look out of the windows. Kabanova listens with sympathy to stories about the “demonic” innovation - the “cast iron” and claims that she would never travel by train. Having lost an indispensable attribute of life - the ability to change and die, all the customs and rituals approved by Kabanikha turned into an “eternal”, inanimate, perfect in their own way, but meaningless form

Katerina-she is incapable of perceiving the ritual outside of its content. Religion, family relationships, even a walk along the banks of the Volga - everything that among the Kalinovites, and especially in the Kabanovs’ house, has turned into an outwardly observed set of rituals, for Katerina it is either full of meaning or unbearable. From religion she extracted poetic ecstasy and a heightened sense of moral responsibility, but the form of churchliness was indifferent to her. She prays in the garden among the flowers, and in the church she sees not the priest and parishioners, but angels in a ray of light falling from the dome. From art, ancient books, icon painting, wall paintings, she learned the images she saw in miniatures and icons: “golden temples or some kind of extraordinary gardens... and the mountains and trees seemed not the same as usual, but as in the images write” - all this lives in her mind, turns into dreams, and she no longer sees paintings and books, but the world into which she has moved, hears the sounds of this world, smells its smells. Katerina carries within herself a creative, ever-living principle, generated by the irresistible needs of the time; she inherits the creative spirit of that ancient culture, which Kabanikh seeks to turn into a meaningless form. Throughout the entire action, Katerina is accompanied by the motif of flying and driving fast. She wants to fly like a bird, and she dreams about flying, she tried to sail along the Volga, and in her dreams she sees herself racing in a troika. She turns to both Tikhon and Boris with a request to take her with them, to take her away

TikhonKabanov- Katerina’s husband, Kabanikha’s son.

This image in its own way points to the end of the patriarchal way of life. T. no longer considers it necessary to adhere to the old ways in everyday life. But, due to his character, he cannot act as he sees fit and go against his mother. His choice is everyday compromises: “Why listen to her! She needs to say something! Well, let her talk, and you turn a deaf ear!”
T. is a kind, but weak person; he rushes between fear of his mother and compassion for his wife. The hero loves Katerina, but not in the way Kabanikha demands - sternly, “like a man.” He doesn’t want to prove his power to his wife, he needs warmth and affection: “Why should she be afraid? It’s enough for me that she loves me.” But Tikhon doesn’t get this in Kabanikha’s house. At home, he is forced to play the role of an obedient son: “Yes, Mama, I don’t want to live by my own will! Where can I live by my own will!” His only outlet is traveling on business, where he forgets all his humiliations, drowning them in wine. Despite the fact that T. loves Katerina, he does not understand what is happening to his wife, what mental anguish she is experiencing. T.'s gentleness is one of his negative qualities. It is because of her that he cannot help his wife in her struggle with her passion for Boris, and he cannot ease Katerina’s fate even after her public repentance. Although he himself reacted kindly to his wife’s betrayal, without being angry with her: “Mama says that she must be buried alive in the ground so that she can be executed! But I love her, I would be sorry to lay a finger on her.” Only over the body of his dead wife does T. decide to rebel against his mother, publicly blaming her for the death of Katerina. It is this riot in public that deals Kabanikha the most terrible blow.

Kuligin- “a tradesman, a self-taught watchmaker, looking for a perpetuum mobile” (i.e., a perpetual motion machine).
K. is a poetic and dreamy nature (he admires the beauty of the Volga landscape, for example). His first appearance is marked by the literary song “Among the Flat Valley...” This immediately emphasizes K.’s bookishness and education.
But at the same time, K.’s technical ideas (installation in the city sundial, lightning rod, etc.) are clearly outdated. This “obsolescence” emphasizes K.’s deep connection with Kalinov. He, of course, is a “new man,” but he developed within Kalinov, which cannot but affect his worldview and philosophy of life. The main work of K.’s life is the dream of inventing a perpetual motion machine and receiving a million for it from the British. This million “antique, chemist” Kalinova wants to spend on hometown: “Work must be given to the philistines.” In the meantime, K. is content with smaller inventions for the benefit of Kalinov. With them, he is forced to constantly beg for money from the rich people of the city. But they do not understand the benefits of K.’s inventions, they ridicule him, considering him an eccentric and crazy. Therefore, Kuligov’s passion for creativity remains unrealized within the walls of Kalinov. K. feels sorry for his fellow countrymen, seeing their vices as the result of ignorance and poverty, but cannot help them in anything. So, his advice to forgive Katerina and no longer remember her sin is impossible to implement in Kabanikha’s house. This advice is good, it comes from humanitarian considerations, but does not take into account the characters and beliefs of the Kabanovs. Thus, with all positive qualities K. is a contemplative and inactive nature. His wonderful thoughts will never translate into wonderful actions. K. will remain Kalinov’s eccentric, his unique attraction.

Feklusha- wanderer. Wanderers, holy fools, blessed ones - an indispensable sign of merchant houses - are mentioned by Ostrovsky quite often, but always as off-stage characters. Along with those who wandered for religious reasons (they went on a vow to venerate shrines, collected money for the construction and maintenance of temples, etc.), there were also many simply idle people who lived off the generosity of the population that always helped the wanderers. These were people for whom faith was only a pretext, and reasoning and stories about shrines and miracles were an object of trade, a kind of commodity with which they paid for alms and shelter. Ostrovsky, who did not like superstitions and sanctimonious manifestations of religiosity, always mentions wanderers and the blessed in ironic tones, usually to characterize the environment or one of the characters (see especially “Enough Simplicity for Every Wise Man,” scenes in Turusina’s house). Ostrovsky brought such a typical wanderer to the stage once - in “The Thunderstorm”, and F.’s role, small in terms of text volume, became one of the most famous in the Russian comedy repertoire, and some of F.’s lines entered everyday speech.
F. does not participate in the action and is not directly connected with the plot, but the significance of this image in the play is very significant. Firstly (and this is traditional for Ostrovsky), she is the most important character for characterizing the environment in general and Kabanikha in particular, in general for creating the image of Kalinov. Secondly, her dialogue with Kabanikha is very important for understanding Kabanikha’s attitude to the world, for understanding her inherent tragic feeling of the collapse of her world.
Appearing on stage for the first time immediately after Kuligin’s story about “ cruel morals" of the city of Kalinov and immediately before the exit of Ka-banikha, mercilessly sawing the children accompanying her, with the words “Bla-a-lepie, dear, blah-a-le-pie!”, F. especially praises the Kabanovs’ house for its generosity. In this way, the characterization given to Kabanikha by Kuligin is reinforced (“Prude, sir, he gives money to the poor, but completely eats up his family”).
The next time we see F. is already in the Kabanovs’ house. In a conversation with the girl Glasha, she advises to look after the wretched woman, “wouldn’t steal anything,” and hears in response an irritated remark: “Who can figure you out, you’re all slandering each other.” Glasha, who repeatedly expresses a clear understanding of people and circumstances well known to her, innocently believes F.’s stories about countries where people with dog heads are “for infidelity.” This reinforces the impression that Kalinov is a closed world that knows nothing about other lands. This impression is further strengthened when F. begins to tell Kabanova about Moscow and the railway. The conversation begins with F.’s assertion that the “end times” are coming. A sign of this is widespread bustle, haste, and the pursuit of speed. F. calls the locomotive a “fiery serpent”, which they began to harness for speed: “others don’t see anything because of the bustle, so it appears to them like a machine, they call it a machine, but I saw how it does something like this with its paws (spreads its fingers) . Well, that’s what people in a good life hear moaning.” Finally, she reports that “the time has begun to come to humiliation” and for our sins “it is becoming shorter and shorter.” Kabanova listens sympathetically to the apocalyptic reasoning of the wanderer, from whose remark that ends the scene it becomes clear that she is aware of the impending death of her world.
The name F. became a common noun to designate a dark hypocrite, under the guise of pious reasoning, spreading all sorts of absurd fables.

Some of them have long lost their relevance due to changing historical realities. But this does not prevent us from still finding life's truth in wonderful dialogues and characters. One of the greatest dramas that still excites the hearts of readers and theater fans is the play created by A. N. Ostrovsky, “The Thunderstorm.” The confrontation of the emotional, hot-tempered and sensitive girl Katerina with the patriarchal family even today finds many responses in the souls of people. First of all, because this is a tragedy of human feelings, which in one form or another comes to life in every generation and under any social system.

Katerina and her entourage

Katerina Kabanova - central character plays "The Thunderstorm". Ostrovsky portrayed her as an extremely integral person. Her very first words in a dialogue with her mother-in-law say a lot: Katya is clearly a very direct, honest girl who does not know how to bend her heart. When she hears indirect attacks about herself, she immediately intervenes to clarify the situation. And in a fairly direct, albeit friendly manner, resolve the conflict face to face with its instigator. But the rest of the Kabanov family is not like that. An oppressive mother-in-law in no way needs to be spoken to directly and openly. What helps her divide and rule in her home is precisely the atmosphere of omissions, hidden hostility and the ability to subtly and imperceptibly provoke. This is truly a “dark kingdom”! An open conversation, sorting out relationships without involving third parties and the desire to live in harmony are absolutely not in use here. The hypocritical Varvara and the timid, obedient Tikhon can do nothing to change the order of things established by Kabanova once and for all. Bringing the few heroes of the drama “The Thunderstorm” onto the stage, Ostrovsky painted them very carefully and endowed each with a bright, recognizable character.

Were there alternatives?

Having married and fallen in love with another person, Katerina herself slammed the trap that led her to tragic end. But even if the ill-timed feeling for another man had not led her to a mental crisis and suicide, it is hard to believe that her life could have turned out happily. The inability to fit into either the existing patriarchal system or the husband’s family, mired in lies and hypocrisy - all this would sooner or later lead to collapse, the metaphor of which is the impending thunderstorm. Ostrovsky skillfully created a depressing atmosphere with just a few remarks and showed the approaching denouement of the tragedy that was brewing in the soul of the main character.

Duplicity is the only alternative

Initially brought up to sharply oppose any doublethink, Katerina was not used to hiding something from loved ones. Varvara, her husband's sister, in this sense is her complete opposite. She, by her own admission, long ago realized “what kind of house she lives in,” and learned to lie to her strict mother and spineless brother Tikhon. Katerina exaggeratedly does not accept any lies - she constantly subjects even her own conscience to strict interrogations. Naturally, for her even death is closer than double life, in which there would be a place for a lover. Ostrovsky portrayed her so extremely truthfully. “The Thunderstorm” in abbreviation will give an idea of the plot and characters, and will introduce you to the most striking dialogues. But in order to make an objective judgment about the work, it is better to read it in full version. The way “The Thunderstorm” was originally created. Ostrovsky, without a doubt, is an excellent playwright, and reading will give moments of pleasure to all lovers of good drama.

Subject. Drama "Thunderstorm". History of creation, system of images, techniques for revealing the characters' characters.

Goals: 1. Present material about the creation of Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm” in the form of a video report.

2. Develop the skill of analyzing the characteristics of dramatic characters using the example of residents of the city of Kalinov: first of all, those on whom the spiritual atmosphere in the city depends.

3. Education of patriotism using the example of the history of the creation of Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm”; awaken interest in Ostrovsky’s work

Equipment: multimedia projector, computer, presentation for a lesson on the topic, video report about cities located on the Volga River.

Lesson Plan.

Organizing time.

Checking homework. Survey:

Why did the formula “Columbus of Zamoskvorechye” “grow” to Ostrovsky?

How did Ostrovsky himself imagine Zamoskvorechye?

What is dramaturgy?

What theater did Ostrovsky collaborate with and what did Goncharov call this theater in a letter to Ostrovsky?

What is Ostrovsky’s contribution to the theater?

III. Work on the topic of the lesson. Announcing the topic of the lesson:“Drama “The Thunderstorm”. History of creation, system of images, techniques for revealing the characters’ characters.”

1. Video report on the history of the creation of Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”.

1. “Prototype” of the city of Kalinov

In the summer of 1855, the Russian Maritime Ministry equipped an ethnographic expedition to study the life and culture of the Volga cities. A.N. Ostrovsky took part in the expedition. Impressions from the trip were reflected in many of the playwright’s works. According to researchers, the “prototype” of the city of Kalinov in the play “The Thunderstorm” could be Kostroma, Torzhok or Kineshma. It is connected with Kostroma by a picturesque area, and with Kineshma by a scene Last Judgment, captured on the porch of one of the churches, with Torzhok - local customs. It would be more correct to say that Kalinov is a generalized image provincial cities Russia.

2. Work with theoretical material.

Conversation with the class:

Name genre features dramas.

Drama:

1) genre;

2) literary genre, belonging simultaneously to theater and literature.

Drama Feature:

1) conflict,

2) dividing the plot into stage episodes,

3) a continuous chain of statements by characters,

4) lack of narrative beginning.

Identify the conflict in the play.

A.N. Ostrovsky showed how “a protest against centuries-old traditions is brewing

and how the Old Testament way of life begins to collapse under the pressure of life’s demands.”

The conflict between the "dark kingdom" and the new

a person who lives according to the laws of conscience.

3. Working with the text of Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”.

Consider the system artistic images:

"Dark Kingdom"

Kabanova Marfa Ignatievna

Dikoy Savel Prokofich

wanderer Feklusha

tradesman Shapkin

maid Glasha

Victims of the “dark kingdom”

Katerina

Boris

Kuligin

Varvara

Curly

Tikhon

- let’s turn to the meanings of names, since the heroes of the play have “speaking names.”

Catherine– colloquial Katerina, translated from Greek: pure, noble.

Varvara – translated from Greek: foreigner, foreigner.

Marfa – from Aramaic: lady

Boris – abbreviation of the name Borislav, from Bulgarian:

fight, from Slavic: words.

Sovel – from Saveliy, from Hebrew: requested

(from God).

Tikhon – from Greek: successful, calm.

Teacher's word: " The action takes place in the city of Kalinov, located on the banks of the Volga. In the city center there is Market Square, nearby there is an old church. Everything seems peaceful and calm, but the owners of the city are rude and cruel.”

Conversation with the class on the following questions:

Tell us about the residents of Kalinov.

What kind of order reigns in the city? (Confirm your answer with text).

N. Dobrolyubov spoke about the residents of the city of Kalinov as follows:

"Nothing holy, nothing pure, nothing right in this dark

world: the tyranny that dominates it, wild, insane,

wrong, drove out from him all consciousness of honor and right...”

Do you agree with the critic's opinion?

"The tyrants of Russian life."

Conversation with the class:

What does the word "tyrant" mean?

What is your idea of the Wild?

What is the reason for the unbridled tyranny of the Wild One?

How does he treat others?

Is he confident in the limitlessness of power?

Describe the speech, manner of speaking, communicating of the Wild. Give examples.

Let's conclude:

Dikoy Savel Prokofich -“shrill man”, “swearer”, “tyrant”, which means a wild, cool-hearted, powerful person. The goal of his life is enrichment. Rudeness, ignorance, swearing, and swearing are common to the Wild One. The passion for swearing becomes even stronger when they ask him for money.

Kabanova Marfa Ignatievna – a typical representative of the “dark kingdom”.

1. What is your idea of this character?

2. How does she treat her family? What is her attitude to the “new order”?

3. What are the similarities and differences between the characters of the Wild and Kabanikha?

4. Describe Kabanova’s speech, manner of speaking, and communication. Give examples.

Let's conclude:

Kabanova Marfa Ignatievna - the embodiment of despotism disguised as hypocrisy. How Kuligin correctly described her: “A prude... She gives favors to the poor, but completely eats up her family!” For her, love and maternal feelings for her children do not exist. Kabanikha is the exact nickname given to her by people. She is a “guardian” and defender of the customs and orders of the “dark kingdom”.

Young heroes of the play. Give them a description.

Tikhon - kind, sincerely loves Katerina. Exhausted by his mother’s reproaches and orders, he thinks about how to escape from the house. He is a weak-willed, submissive person.

Boris - gentle, kind, really understands Katerina, but is unable to help her. He is unable to fight for his happiness and chooses the path of humility.

Varvara - understands the meaninglessness of protest; for her, lying is protection from the laws of the “dark kingdom.” She ran away from home, but did not submit.

Curly – desperate, boastful, capable of sincere feelings, not afraid of his master. He fights in every way for his happiness.

Katerina's struggle for happiness.

How is Katerina different from other heroes of the drama “The Thunderstorm”?

2. Tell the story of her life. Give examples from the text.

3. What is the tragedy of her situation?

4. What paths does she look for in the struggle for happiness?

Comment on the illustration for the work.

Why is Katerina left alone with her grief? Why didn't Boris take her with him?

Why didn't she return to her husband?

Are Boris and Tikhon worthy of her love?

Did Katerina have any other way out other than death?

Work with text.

Why did Katerina decide to publicly repent of her sin?

2. What role does the thunderstorm scene play in the play?

3. Read expressively Katerina’s monologue in the repentance scene. What role does it play in revealing ideological content works?

Try to interpret the meaning of the title of the drama "The Thunderstorm".

Storm - This is an elemental force of nature, terrible and not fully understood.

Storm - This is a thunderous state of society, a thunderstorm in the souls of people.

Storm - this is a threat to the one leaving, but still strong world boar and wild.

Storm - This is a Christian belief: the wrath of God, punishing for sins.

Storm - these are new forces maturing in the fight against old remnants of the past.

Prove that the development of the action inevitably leads to a tragic end?

Could Katerina find happiness in her family? Under what conditions?

What is the heroine struggling with: a sense of duty or the “dark kingdom”?

Read expressively last words Katerina. Who is to blame for her death?

N.A. Dobrolyubov:“Katerina is a ray of light in a dark kingdom.

In a tragic end...dan scary challenge tyrant power. morality, protest brought to the end...” (N.A. Dobrolyubov “A Ray of Light in a Dark Kingdom”).

D.I.Pisarev:“Education and life could not give Katerina either a strong character or a developed mind... She cuts through the tight knots with suicide, which is completely unexpected for herself.”

(D.I. Pisarev “Motives of Russian Drama”).

What is your opinion and why?

Lesson summary:

Evaluating student responses.

Today in class we learned not only about the customs of the Kalinovites, but also looked at representatives of the “dark” and “light” kingdoms

At the end of the lesson, answer the question for yourself: “Which side of self-education should I pay more attention to?”

Homework:

Complete the outline of N. Dobrolyubov’s article “A Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom” according to plan:

« Dark Kingdom" in "Thunderstorm"

Katerina – “a ray of light in the “dark kingdom”

Expression of popular aspirations

Ostrovsky's most decisive work.