State Glinka Museum. State Central Museum of Musical Culture named after. M. I. Glinka. Ancient violin workshop in the Glinka Museum
The museum was opened in 1912 at the Moscow Conservatory. The museum's holdings contain more than 900 rare musical instruments, personal archives of composers and performers, collections of photographs and documents, and a rich collection of paintings.In 1912, the Memorial Museum named after Nikolai Rubinstein, conductor and founder of the conservatory, opened in the building of the Moscow Conservatory. Moscow homeowner and music lover Dmitry Belyaev gave money for its opening. Among the few exhibits were, for example, the desk of Pyotr Tchaikovsky, portraits of the composer Anton Rubinstein and philanthropist Dmitry Belyaev, a collection of Central Asian instruments and an Italian lyre-guitar from 1656.
The funds were replenished gradually. Thus, Modest Tchaikovsky, the composer’s brother, donated a plaster death mask Peter Ilyich, and an admirer of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sergei Belanovsky, sent the composer’s penknife, which, however, was stolen in 1925. In the early 1930s, the museum was on the verge of closure. Then came Hard times for the entire conservatory. But the museum was not closed, and in 1938 Ekaterina Alekseeva was appointed to the position of director. With her arrival, the museum began to gradually recover. In 1943, at the height of the war, it received state status, and at the end of the 1940s, the name Rubinstein finally disappeared from its name.
The Music Museum went beyond the memorial room at the conservatory and became an independent institution. In 1954, in connection with the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Glinka, he was named after the great composer. In 1982, the museum moved to a new house specially built for it on Fadeev Street.The museum has been and is working to replenish its funds. Back in 1943, director Ekaterina Alekseeva entered into correspondence with Sergei Rachmaninov, who then lived in the USA. The composer responded to a request to send some of his personal belongings and musical recordings to the museum. Ekaterina Alekseeva traveled to the USA twice and from her second trip in 1970, together with Rachmaninoff researcher Zaruhi Apetyan, she brought 20 boxes of exhibits for the museum.
In subsequent years, the museum received donations of many items related to world musical culture. For example, a handwritten clavier (arranged score of a vocal-orchestral piece for piano) of a ballet that belonged to ballerina Anna Pavlova, or a Stradivarius violin bequeathed to David Oistrakh by Queen Elizabeth of Belgium.
The main exhibition of the museum is called “Musical Instruments of the Peoples of the World.” More than 900 exhibits are exhibited in five halls. The department of Russian instruments features nine-string harps from the 13th century, found during excavations in Novgorod, balalaikas from the 19th century, old grand pianos from St. Petersburg from the 1830s to 1870s, shepherd's horns and, of course, harmonicas, which became widespread only in the 1830s. The Bashkir flute kurai, the Chuvash bagpipe shybr with a bag made of a bull's bladder, and the Karelian string instrument kantele, similar to a gusli and mentioned in the epic “Kalevala,” are interesting. The exhibition of Central Asian instruments consists mainly of items from the collection of August Eichhorn, who served as bandmaster of Russian military bands in the Turkestan Military District from 1870 to 1883.
In 2011 the Museum musical culture was renamed the All-Russian Museum Association of Musical Culture named after. M. I. Glinka. Now it has five more memorial museums: Museum-estate of F.I. Chaliapin on Novinsky Boulevard, museum “P. I. Tchaikovsky and Moscow" on Kudrinskaya Square, the Museum-apartment of the composer and director of the conservatory A. B. Goldenweiser, the Museum of S. S. Prokofiev in Kamergersky Lane and the Museum-apartment of the conductor and composer N. S. Golovanov in Bryusov Lane.
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All-Russian Museum Association of Musical Culture named after. M. I. Glinka (VMOMC named after M. I. Glinka)
- a museum association that includes branches throughout Moscow. Postal address: 125047, Moscow, Fadeeva street, no.4.
The museum is a complex of a main building and several branches that serve as repositories of valuable exhibits and a research and educational institution on musical culture. For a long time, 1938-1984, the director of the museum was singer and musicologist Ekaterina Nikolaevna Alekseeva. At the beginning of 1995, by presidential decree Russian Federation The museum was included in the State Code of Particularly Valuable Objects
Based on the order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation No. 921 dated September 9, 2011, the name of the State Central Museum of Musical Culture named after M.I. Glinka changed to ALL-RUSSIAN MUSEUM ASSOCIATION OF MUSICAL CULTURE named after M.I. Glinka
History of the museum's creation
The history of the museum is outlined on its official website. The foundations of the museum were laid by the Moscow Conservatory, where manuscripts, musical notations, scores, personal belongings of musicians, their musical instruments, photos from musical performances. The wife of Prince V.F. Odoevsky, after the death of her husband, donated his extensive library, an archive with records folk songs, materials on ancient Russian chants, music theory, a collection of musical instruments, including an untempered grand piano commissioned by the prince. At the end of the 1880s, musical instruments of the peoples were purchased from A.F. Eichhorn, who served as bandmaster of Russian military bands in Tashkent in 1870-1883 Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Gradually, an extensive fund was assembled, growing more and more.
Unique items and documents required special storage. From these and other exhibits of the conservatory, the N. G. Rubinstein Museum at the Moscow Conservatory was inaugurated in March 1912. The name of Nikolai Grigorievich Rubinstein was given to the museum not by chance - he was a major Russian musician, founder of the Moscow Conservatory and its first director.
Since the late 1930s, so many funds have accumulated that their thorough systematization and classification has already been required.
Even during the years of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 The Conservatory Museum was not evacuated and continued to operate.
The museum was attached to the conservatory for many years, gaining independence in 1943 and receiving a new name: the State Central Museum of Musical Culture. A few years later, in 1954, in connection with the 150th anniversary of the birth of M. I. Glinka, the museum was named after him.
In 1964, the Museum of Musical Culture was located in the Troekurov Chambers (Georgievsky Lane, 4), where it existed until 1980, when construction of a new museum building with concert hall, in which an organ from the German company “Schuke” (Potsdam) is installed.
Since 1985, the museum began to open permanent exhibitions.
Branches
Currently the museum has six branches:
Funds
The museum currently has the world's largest collection of musical culture, numbering about 1,000,000 items and covering all components of the concept of “musical culture.” These are the author's manuscripts, and archives of musicians from different times, and autographs, and photographs of musical figures - both portraits and scenes from performances - and musical instruments different eras, and audio and video recordings musical works of all types and genres, from classical to folk and modern rhythmic - in the section of photographic documents there are currently about 89,000 storage units. The first Russian gramophone records (about 60,000 storage units), releases of the companies “Gramophone”, “Zonofon”, “Pate”, “Metropol”, and publications of the Soviet period (company “Melodiya”), and leading foreign companies are also stored here.
Many composers donated manuscripts of their works to the Museum, among them S. V. Rachmaninov, A. K. Glazunov, A. T. Grechaninov, D. D. Shostakovich and others. These unique documents are preserved, accessible, and can be seen.
In addition, the museum has a research department called “We are looking for...”, which searches for missing manuscripts, scores and everything related to music.
The museum has a recording studio equipped with modern equipment and used by musicians of various genres.
Scientific and educational activities
Research staff conduct more than 20 subscription series of concerts, lectures, concerts, and educational lectures for visitors of all ages and levels of musical knowledge. There is a separate program for musical development children (lecture series with musical inserts, demonstration of musical instruments, a story about their origin and history). A cycle is being developed concert programs under common name"For the whole family."
Thematic exhibitions are shown not only in the halls of the hospital, but also in other cities of the country and abroad.
The museum publishes music and text publications, conducts music concerts, conducts work on publications of musical and scientific research.
The museum organizes listening to recordings of the music library, holds musical concerts, exhibitions, expositions, lectures, and since 2007 there has been a Moscow Opera Club, which first opened in November 1989 at the Cinema Museum, then moved to the A. A. Bakhrushin Theater Museum , and since 2007 has firmly established itself in the M. I. Glinka Museum of Musical Culture. The Opera Club programs are dedicated to a specific topic: the biography of a composer or singer, musical direction or opera school. The Opera Club also hosts seminars with the participation of foreign performers, musicians and musicologists.
As part of the International Competition named after. P. I. Tchaikovsky is held at the Museum every four years International competitions violin makers.
Notes
Links
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010. Named after Glinka is one of the largest treasuries, which presents monuments musical art
. It has no analogues in the world.
general information
The museum houses not only literary and music manuscripts, but also many studies, as well as rare books. The collection contains autographs and letters, various documents that are related to the work of famous cultural figures, both Russian and foreign. Musical instruments of many peoples of the world are of particular interest. In 2010 State collection donated to the Museum the largest collection of works by masters different eras
. Among them are masterpieces made by the hands of A. Stradivari, representatives of the Amati and Guarneri families. The Glinka Music Museum is proud of the oldest organs installed within its walls, including the work of F. Ladegast.
Main job
There are permanent exhibitions here. Dialogue concerts, excursions and recording evenings are organized upon prior request. Those interested can attend interactive classes, as well as educational children's parties.
- documents and autographs, as well as manuscripts and instruments, which became the basis of today's collection. On March 11, 1912, within the walls of a small hall next to the conservatory library, the Museum named after. N.G. Rubinstein. It was dedicated to the memory of this outstanding, who was especially loved by the capital's public. It was Rubinstein who founded the conservatory and the Moscow branch of the Russian Music Society. IRMO documents, rare instruments and books, his personal belongings, as well as letters and autographs were concentrated here.
Changes
Throughout its short history, the Glinka Museum has experienced both times of growth and difficult periods when it, being in complete oblivion, was on the verge of closure. For almost three decades, he played the role of a service department at the capital's conservatory. These were the functions of some educational library, since the employees were mainly engaged only in storage and to a very small extent in the acquisition of new exhibits.
At the end of the thirties of the last century, on the eve of the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the Moscow Conservatory, the nature of the museum’s activities changed dramatically. Its collection began to grow at a rapid pace, the exhibition area of work noticeably intensified, and the research side of the collections was popularized.
In 1941, on the basis of the conservatory division, by decision of Stalin, the Central Museum of Musical Culture was created. And already in 1943 it was given the status of a state institution. From that moment on, GCMMK not only began to gain great popularity, but also received its own special place.
It was then, in the mid-forties, that for some reason Rubinstein’s name disappeared from the official name of the museum. And already in 1954, on the anniversary of M.I. Glinka, he was given the name of the great composer.
Confession
Gradually, year after year, both the structure and direction of work began to take shape. The works published by the Glinka Museum were widely disseminated and entered into general cultural use. Thanks to source studies, this Cultural Center began to acquire research status. However, the Glinka Museum officially received it only in 1974. But despite the fact that this happened with some delay, nothing could stop the employees dedicated to their favorite work from engaging in scientific activities.
Throughout its history, the Glinka Museum in Moscow has changed its address twice. After the territory of the conservatory, it was located in a beautiful old mansion- in the chambers that belonged to the Troekurov boyars. This building was located in Georgievsky Lane: native Muscovites knew it well. But since the beginning of the 1980s, the Museum of Musical Culture named after. Glinka finally acquired his final home: a building was built specifically for him on Fadeev Street.
Collection of records
It is currently called one of the world's largest music culture foundations. Its collections number about one million items, which cover all components of musical culture. Here you can see not only the author's manuscripts, but also autographs and photographs depicting the most famous figures culture.
The Glinka Museum has a huge collection of musical instruments from various eras, as well as audio and video recordings of works of all genres and types, ranging from classical, including modern, and folk.
The very first Russian gramophone records are also located here. There are about sixty thousand storage units. The first releases of the companies “Gramophone” and “Zonofon”, “Pathe” and “Metropol” are also shown. There are many publications from the Soviet period, which were produced by the Melodiya company, as well as by leading foreign musical organizations.
The Glinka Museum on Fadeeva is a place where manuscripts of composers' works are stored. Among them are such masters as Glazunov, Rachmaninov, Shostakovich, Grechaninov and many others. These amazing documents are perfectly preserved. They are available for viewing, so anyone who visits the Glinka Museum can admire them.
It also has its own recording studio, which is equipped with modern equipment. Musicians of various genres come to the Museum to record their works.
Divisions
The All-Russian Museum of Musical Culture named after. Glinka, in addition to the main building located on Fadeev Street, today also includes branches. These departments are located in the center of the capital. Many of its residents - music fans - know about them. This memorial estate Prokofiev, "P. Tchaikovsky and Moscow,” apartments of A. Goldenweiser and N. Golovanov, as well as the House Museum, which is still under construction.
In 1995, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Glinka Museum was included in the State Code, which includes particularly valuable cultural heritage objects.
Educational work
Its researchers conduct about twenty subscription series of lectures, concerts, and educational courses for visitors of different ages and levels of knowledge. There is a separate program for the development of children - instruments with musical inserts, stories about their origin and history of creation.
Thematic exhibitions can be viewed not only by visiting the Glinka Museum on Fadeev Street or other metropolitan branches, but also in other cities of the country and abroad, where collections are constantly brought.
Employees prepare and publish music and text publications, and carry out work for the publication of musical and scientific research.
The Glinka Museum hosts not only musical concerts and exhibitions. Since 2007, the Moscow Opera Club has been operating here. At first it was opened at the Cinema Museum, then moved to Theater Hall named after A. A. Bakhrushin, and since 2007 has firmly established itself within the walls of the M. Glinka Museum. The club's programs are devoted to a very specific topic: these are biographies of composers or singers, or opera schools. As part of its activities, seminars are held in which foreign performers, musicians and musicologists take part.
Main exhibitions
The Glinka Museum has unique collection instruments, a third of which are on display. Its five halls, decorated in individual colors, present more than nine hundred traditional and professional exhibits to visitors. Instruments of both the peoples of Russia and almost all countries of Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia are collected here.
In the first hall, visitors can see Russian ones. Here you can admire the unique harp, presumably made in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. They were found during archaeological excavations in ancient Novgorod. After the reconstruction of their lost fragments, these unique finds took their place of honor. Copies of sniffles and beeps are also presented here: fragments of them were also discovered during excavations.
In the window of another room, which displays instruments from states neighboring our country, there is the oldest collection, of which the Music Museum is rightfully proud. Glinka. This is a collection of thirty-six musical instruments played by the peoples of Central Asia. It was collected by August Eichhorn, bandmaster of the Turkestan Military District.
Another amazing exhibit is the Chinese small labial organ “sheng”, which, according to researchers, was created back in the second millennium BC. Other instruments - a Vietnamese monochord decorated with filigree mother-of-pearl inlay, as well as a nineteenth-century Irish harp - always arouse great interest among visitors. Here you can also see Scottish bagpipes and the Japanese stringed “koto”, which girls from aristocratic families had to be able to play, Indian “veena”, as well as African tam-tams, the membranes of which are made from animal skins.
The Glinka Museum, or the Central Museum of Musical Culture, demonstrates huge collection instruments of all eras and peoples, the number of exhibits of which approaches a thousand. From historical rarities to modern sound extraction devices can be seen in this extensive collection. The main building of the museum association was built specifically for this repository, the basis of which was made up of exhibits collected by enthusiasts from the Moscow Conservatory since its founding in 1866.
The lobby of the Glinka Museum greets visitors with a bust of the great composer, music and text quotes from the author of the Patriotic Song, which for some time was the Russian anthem. The notes of this work are accompanied by an unofficial text, which, together with the music, claimed the status state symbol back in tsarist times.
Here visitors get acquainted with announcements of events, leave their outerwear, and purchase entrance tickets to the permanent exhibition or thematic exhibitions. Main permanent exhibition located on the 2nd floor, temporary shows on a variety of topics are organized on the 3rd floor.
The lobby houses one of the notable exhibits, a recent acquisition of the Glinka Museum - a European orchestra. This mechanical tool recreates the sound of an instrumental orchestra; such devices have been used in a number of European countries as musical accompaniment dance events.
Musical instruments located on the front side of a kind of orchestra produce their characteristic sounds, while accordions even demonstrate the movements of bellows. In Russia, such instruments were not widespread, however more interesting acquaintance with an orchestra for our lovers of musical wonders.
The second floor, which houses the main exhibition of the Glinka Museum, begins with a spacious hall where various exhibitions dedicated to musical culture are held. The main decoration of the room is a picturesque stained glass window, which is much larger in size from the outside of the building.
A massive staircase leads to the 3rd floor for visiting thematic temporary exhibitions. The composition of several bells recalls the role of church bells both in the life of the Russian people and in Glinka’s musical passions.
Also in the hall there is an organ made by the German master Ladegast, which was owned since 1868 by a descendant of the Khludov merchant family, the only surviving product of this master. Donated to the Moscow Conservatory and changing through several other owners, the instrument was practically ruined.
The difficult restoration of the organ's interior was carried out in 1998 by Vilnius organ builders under the leadership of Guchas. Now this instrument is positioned as the oldest organ in Russia that has remained functional, and it is actually used during organ concerts organized by the Glinka Museum.
The permanent exhibition of the Glinka Museum, telling about the history of the origin and wide variety of musical instruments of the peoples of the world, is located in five halls on the second floor. Different colors The colors of the background of the display cases clearly separate them from each other. The division of the halls representing the most ancient known instruments is made on a geographical basis. A separate hall is allocated to European exhibits, divided by country; the remaining continents are divided inside another hall, with expositions of individual countries highlighted.
Further halls present instruments that differ in their belonging to wind or symphonic instruments, percussion and keyboards. Mechanical and electronic musical instruments, devices for recording sound and playing it from various media are highlighted.
Vintage European musical instruments
How correct this choice of the principle of demonstrating musical instruments is is for professionals to understand, but the differences in the method of sound extraction seem more fundamental and obvious than national and state ones. After all, the shape of the pipe, no matter how great the differences, is still recognizable.
The drum or other percussion instruments cannot be confused with anything else. And finding out information about the place of origin of the exhibit, its attribution to a certain type of musical instrument and other details is still carried out by most visitors using explanatory inscriptions.
Russian folk musical instruments are collected in the Glinka Museum in a large assortment and variety of species. Here are the instruments of other peoples inhabiting national republics within the Russian Federation. Percussion instruments are widely represented - after all, they use the simplest but most varied method of producing sounds, from simple collisions of objects, for which even wooden spoons are used, to rattles of various designs and designs.
Naturally, our ancestors had horns made of cow horns and pipes made of wood. Craftsmen could extract sounds even from a saw blade and a scythe blade, but this is rather in the realm of musical eccentricity. The main stringed instrument of the Russian people is the gusli, used in Rus' since time immemorial. The balalaika is also a plucked string instrument; despite the simplicity of the device, virtuosos perform any melodies on them. Finally, the Russian accordion is the main folk instrument for a long time
Stringed instruments different nations visually similar, but the progenitor of all stringed instruments, the Scythian harp, differs from its other relatives. It does not yet have a resonating body and neck, but common feature is a method of producing sounds by plucking strings with your fingers.
Plucked stringed instruments developed from the ancient lyre and harp to the lute, domra, mandolin, balalaika and guitar, which has retained the greatest popularity to this day. Harpsichords, pianos and grand pianos are also related to plucked string instruments that impact the strings, for which keys with a drive system were invented.
In the updated exhibition, the European section has been replenished with instruments of Belarusians and Ukrainians, Moldovans and the Baltic peoples. As before, instruments from the Mediterranean and Scandinavian countries, Central and of Eastern Europe. String instruments are displayed both plucked and bowed, with in different forms resonating body and bow structure. The simplest xylophones represent a group of percussion instruments.
Bagpipes are represented in several modifications, which are usually considered Scottish and Irish traditional instruments. This is true, but a similar device with air bellows and tubes with reed formation of sounds was also used by other peoples. These are the French musette, the Portuguese gaita, the duda and the dudeisac of Eastern Europe.
Musical instruments of eastern countries
The countries of the East were the first to invent bows for extracting sounds from stretched strings; historians consider musicians who lived in the territory of present-day Uzbekistan to be the pioneers. From here bows came to China and India, in Arab countries and from them to the Pyrenees. Shepherd's violin of three strings - Rabel, as well as viol with a large number strings The latter were later replaced by violins and their larger relatives. Eastern string instruments often feature longer necks, although there are also designs with short ones.
The wind and percussion instruments of eastern peoples are very diverse. Bamboo trunks and other hollow plant stems were often used for wind instruments. Percussion instruments They were also made from tree trunks by hollowing out the core. Tanned animal skins were also used, stretched over frames made of various materials. In addition to stationary drums, hand drums such as tambourines, sometimes supplemented with bells, were popular.
The Japanese originality of national clothing is much more striking than the differences between Japanese musical instruments and all others. Japanese percussion instruments were usually placed on shaped stands; different materials were used for the bodies, even porcelain and other ceramics. Forms close to traditional for other peoples have strings and wind instruments, and it’s difficult to invent something different in these areas.
Eastern countries were used to make musical instruments various materials, from stone, wood and metal to silk, leather and even hollowed out pumpkin shells. Local craftsmen paid special attention to the external design of their products and their decorative appeal.
Paintings and carvings, traditional for every nation, also decorated musical instruments; it is by these elements that it is easiest to identify xylophones, drums and other instruments from those belonging to the culture of other countries.
Ancient violin workshop in the Glinka Museum
The creation of violins and other bowed instruments has been around for a long time and is now a highly complex task. Preparation of wood for various parts and parts of tools required mastery of many technological operations - cutting and drilling, measuring and various methods connection of parts. The tools and devices necessary for this work are presented on the workbench violin maker in the recreated interior of a musical instrument workshop.
Violin makers could make a product of any size, from a violin and viola to a cello and a giant double bass. The violin could also be either classical sizes or half or even four times smaller.
In the room restored in the Glinka Museum, you can see all the stages of making instruments, from wooden board to the finished violin or cello. You can examine all the components - the front and back soundboard and the shell connecting them, the neck with the underneck and the bridge for laying the strings.
Classical musical instruments of the Glinka Museum
Tools used modern musicians, are presented to visitors of the Glinka Museum in several exhibitions. Components of symphony and brass bands and accessories are on display musical ensembles of different composition. Strings - bows and keyboards are adjacent to wind, wood and brass.
One of the museum corners contains genuine treasures - a concert harp and a collectible piano for home use. The perfectly balanced harp is stable on its small base, the resonator made of valuable wood is in harmony with the gilding of the column and neck, the shape of which is especially whimsical and attractive.
Showcases of bowed instruments are located on either side of the painting depicting greatest master playing the violin of the Genoese Niccolo Paganini. It was this violinist and composer who developed the technique of playing the violin, which has remained almost unchanged to this day.
In addition to the violin, Paganini also played the mandolin and guitar impeccably. Popular own compositions great performer, written for both violin and guitar. The world's most popular violin competition is held annually in Paganini's homeland, Genoa, Italy.
A showcase of classical wind instruments shows them in order of increasing size, with varieties displayed first wooden instruments, then - copper. This division has been preserved since ancient times and is now not true - flutes, clarinets, oboes and bassoons included in the group of wooden ones can be made not only from wood. They can be plastic or metal, flutes can even be glass. Classified by musicologists as a wooden saxophone based on its operating principle, which had no ancient analogues, it was always made of metal.
On the other hand, copper instruments were made only from this metal only at the dawn of the development of metallurgy; now copper alloys or silver are used. Group brass instruments includes trumpet, horn, trombone and tuba. Instruments of this series have increasing sizes and complexity of the device. The trombone stands somewhat apart, having a movable slide for smooth changes in pitch.
Almost all wind instruments are included, in addition to brass bands, in symphony orchestras and ensembles. Dixielands and jazz bands they also use them.
The combination of stretched strings and percussion mechanisms controlled by a keyboard is characteristic of concert musical instruments, which include pianos, grand pianos and pianos. Some experts consider the grand piano and pianoforte to be varieties of pianos, differing in the horizontal or vertical arrangement of the strings.
Since the middle of the last century, only grand pianos and pianos have been produced; traditional pianos, which have less expressive capabilities due to the shorter length of the strings, have become history. Grand pianos are mainly used in concert activities as an instrument to accompany vocals or on its own, the piano – for home or chamber music playing.
The predecessors of the current ones are also on display at the Glinka Museum. keyboard instruments, both string and reed. String instruments include the percussion clavichord and plucked harpsichord, while reed harmoniums are related to harmonicas, button accordions and accordions. The first instrument with air bellows was the table harmonica of Kirchner, a Czech who worked in Russia. Unlike it and the hand instruments we are used to, the bellows of the harmonium were powered by foot pedals.
From hurdy-gurdy to synthesizer
The last hall of the Glinka Museum displays several instruments not included in the ensembles and orchestras, ancient means of reproducing recorded sounds. Unique exhibits are presented here, quite rare in the collections of museums and private individuals. Among them, a barrel organ stands out, which many have heard about, but not all visitors have seen.
The design of the instrument is a small organ; air injection and operation of the sound mechanism are ensured by rotating the handle on the body. Organ organs were used by traveling musicians, and their sounds accompanied the performances of farcical circus performers.
The creation of the first sound recording and reproducing devices has a specific pioneer, he was the famous inventor Edison. The phonograph he designed in 1877 recorded and reproduced sounds with a sharp needle on a roller wrapped in tin foil or wax-coated paper.
Recording on a flat round record was invented by Berliner; sound was reproduced by devices with an external horn - a gramophone. Devices with a horn hidden in the body were produced by the Pathé company, hence the name gramophone. Further progress in sound recording proceeded quickly: magnetic tapes, laser discs, high-quality digital sound recording.
The rare photoelectronic sound synthesizer ANS, named after the initials of the great composer Scriabin, was invented by the Russian Murzin back in the late 30s of the last century, and was manufactured only in 1963. Viewers of Tarkovsky's science fiction films and Gaidai's Diamond Arm may remember the unusual sounds of this device.
The composer created the music on it without writing notes or involving an orchestra. Synthesizers also developed rapidly; with the invention of transistors, they became compact and affordable. Nowadays synthesizers have everything musical groups a variety of genres.
Another notable exhibit of the Glinka Museum was a giant drum kit musician and composer, tireless experimenter R. Shafi. Manual control of such a complex complex of drums and drums is clearly impossible,
Shafi invented a unique control pedal, Zmey Gorynych, which, due to the number of tools it can handle, was included in the Guinness Book of Records. There are other interesting exhibits in this section, including personal instruments of famous musicians.
A visit to the Glinka Museum may seem unnecessary after hearing about it, but such an impression is extremely wrong. There are a lot of interesting things here that are difficult to describe in a quick review, there are new ones interesting shapes working with visitors. Visiting here is educational and interesting for people with any level of interest and understanding of music; after visiting, this interest will definitely increase.
State Central Museum of Musical Culture named after. M.I. Glinka
Museum of Musical Culture named after. Glinka is an interesting museum in its design and exhibition. Those who think that it is boring and tedious here will have to change their point of view - the exhibition displays many of the most amazing musical instruments, the sound of which can be heard right during the excursion. There are also two magnificent organs installed at the museum. So you can watch and listen to music here.
The uniqueness of the museum lies in the fact that musical instruments from all over the world are collected here. globe, which allows you to learn more about the musical culture of different countries.
The Glinka Museum is equipped with the most modern audio and video equipment, allowing you to make viewing the exhibition a bright and eventful holiday.
History of the Museum of Musical Art named after. Glinka
The museum owes its appearance to the Moscow Conservatory, whose employees collected and stored a wide variety of musical materials - documents, manuscripts, autographs, collections of musical instruments. Over time, the idea arose to expose it all to the general public. In March 1912, in a small building next to the conservatory library, the Museum named after. N.G. Rubinstein. The museum was named after a famous musical figure in Moscow, a favorite of the public, the head of the Russian musical society Moscow. The museum still houses his personal belongings, books and tools.
At first, the museum performed only the function of an auxiliary department at the Moscow Conservatory and was engaged in storing and collecting material. Several times its activities fell into complete decline and the museum was on the verge of closure.
At the end of the 30s, when the anniversary of the conservatory was being prepared, the work of the museum revived - exhibitions were created based on the exhibits, and work was carried out to study the funds. Just before the war, in 1941, the institution received the status of the Museum of Musical Culture, and in the winter of 1943 it became state-owned. From this moment on, the museum has its rightful place in musical and cultural life capital Cities.
In the 40s, the name of Rubinstein disappeared from the name of the museum, and in 1954, in honor of the anniversary of the great Russian composer, the museum was named after M.I. Glinka.Currently the museum is housed in a building specially built for it.
Collections of the Museum of Musical Art named after. Glinka
Among the museum's funds there are real works pictorial art– canvases by Russian Itinerant artists and their sketches for musical productions at the Moscow Conservatory. The museum has one of the most diverse collections of musical instruments in the world, numbering 3,000 pieces. Among them are musical instruments of various historical eras, starting from the 13th century. The instruments represent all countries and continents and are made from different materials and have different sounds. The collection includes professional and folk instruments, as well as pieces that belonged to great musicians and singers.
The museum's holdings also include manuscripts, books, letters and an extensive collection of audio recordings. The audio recording fund contains almost 70,000 units of various audio and video recordings that reflect the multinational musical culture of Russia and the whole world. The fund contains records dating back to the late 19th century. Thanks to them you can enjoy voices famous singers who are no longer alive.
Activities of the Museum of Musical Art named after. Glinka Moscow
Thematic exhibitions;
- organ concerts;
- educational programs for children and schoolchildren;
- subscriptions;
- Opera lovers club;
- Birthday at the museum.
Museum of Musical Art named after. Glinka is a real center of live music, fostering a sense of beauty.
