What is the most common Russian surname 100. The most common surname in Russia and in the world. In Rus' they believed that if you give a child the name of a saint or great martyr, then his life will be bright, good or difficult, because there is an invisible holy
It’s enough to see what the most common surname in Russia is. difficult task, and all because a strictly defined algorithm of actions when calculating such data simply does not exist. The main difficulty is presented by women who change maiden name after marriage and actually become the owner of not one, but two surnames. A divorce with a return to the previous surname or a second marriage with a change to a third surname is possible. And then complete confusion begins!
The most common surname in Russia
However, despite all the difficulties, experts do not give up trying to determine what the most common surname in Russia is, and they compile their own ratings. As a rule, their lists include the 100 most common surnames in Russia, although some scientists limit themselves to five, while others are interested in deeper and more voluminous data. There are some minor differences in these rankings, but they all agree that the first place in Russia belongs to Smirnov. The Smirnovs owe the origin of their surname to meek and obedient children, whose appearance, as a rule, brought great joy to their parents. It was humility that formed the basis of the most famous and popular Russian surname. Behind the Smirnovs in the top five are the Ivanovs, Kuznetsovs, Popovs and Sokolovs.
Signs of formation of Russian surnames
Considering and studying in Russia, we can identify some features that formed the basis of a particular surname, and thus classify them. The most common basis for forming a surname was the given name. For example, Ivan - Ivanov, Peter - Petrov, Sidor - Sidorov, etc. A huge number of surnames owe their origin to professional activity owner, his nickname. Examples include Plotnikov, Melnikov, Goncharov, Kuznetsov. Animals were also a fairly common feature for the formation of surnames: Sokolov, Volkov, Vorobyov, Medvedev, Lebedev, Kozlov, Gusev, Orlov, etc.
The formation of Russian surnamesWithout a surname today it is impossible to imagine our ordinary life, but once upon a time, just a couple of centuries ago, having a surname was the exception rather than the norm. Only after the full in 1861, surnames began to be formed and assigned among the peasantry, and the nicknames that existed before that, such as Peter Strong arms or Ivan the Bystry have sunk into oblivion forever. Observing the formation of Russian surnames, it should be noted that princes and boyars were the first to acquire them, and this began in the 16th century. Servants and merchants secured the right to bear surnames only in the 18th-19th centuries, then the clergy joined them. The peasants felt the need for this only when they became free and ceased to belong to anyone.
Popular surnames of the world
Having found out what is the most common surname in Russia, let’s ask, what surname ranks first in the world? More than one hundred million people on Earth bear the most common surname in China - Li and about the same number - Zhang. Another popular Chinese surname, Wang, is used by 93 million people. Vietnamese Nguyen - 36 million, Spanish Garcia and Gonzalez - 10 million each. The Spanish-Portuguese surname Hernandez belongs to 8 million people. There are 4 million English Smiths, one million German Millers. For comparison: there are 2.5 million Russian Smirnovs in the world.
What surnames are most common in Russia today? Which one is most common? You will probably say that the most common surname is Ivanov. And you can't go wrong. We have prepared a list for you that includes the most common surnames in Russia. We will also give several examples of the origin of the most common surnames in Russia.
Balanovskaya list
A group of researchers led by Elena Balanovskaya published a paper in 2005 in the journal Medical Genetics entitled “Family Portraits of Five Russian Regions.”
The criterion for inclusion of a surname in the list was as follows: it was included if, within three generations At least five bearers of this surname lived in the region. First, lists were compiled for five conditional regions - Northern, Central, Central-Western, Central-Eastern and Southern.
- The first 25 surnames from this list, the so-called “all-Russian surnames”:
Smirnov, Ivanov, Kuznetsov, Sokolov, Popov, Lebedev
Kozlov, Novikov, Morozov, Petrov, Volkov, Solovyov
Vasiliev, Zaitsev, Pavlov, Semenov, Golubev, Vinogradov
Bogdanov, Vorobyov, Fedorov, Mikhailov, Belyaev, Tarasov, Belov
A similar list was compiled by V. A. Nikonov based on the Moscow telephone directory in the 80s of the 20th century. Using extensive material (surnames of about 3 million people), he identified the most common Russian surnames (according to his data, Smirnov, Ivanov, Popov and Kuznetsov) and compiled a map of the distribution of these and other most common surnames.
At the end of the 20th century, Nazarov A.I. was compiled new list 100 most common surnames of residents of St. Petersburg, in which 17 new surnames compared to the previous list. Also, many of the names in it are not in the same places as at the beginning of the 20th century. The most popular: Ivanov, Vasiliev, Smirnov, Petrov, Mikhailov.
Zhuravlev's list is a modern edition.
Another list of the most popular Russian surnames (500 surnames), but more modern, was compiled by beginning of XXI century, a team of employees from the Department of Etymology and Onomastics of the Institute of the Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the leadership of A.F. Zhuravlev.
- The first 25 names from this list:
Ivanov, Smirnov, Kuznetsov, Popov, Vasiliev, Petrov, Sokolov, Mikhailov, Novikov, Fedorov, Morozov, Volkov, Alekseev, Lebedev, Semyonov, Egorov, Pavlov, Kozlov, Stepanov, Nikolaev, Orlov, Andreev, Makarov, Nikitin, Zakharov
The origin and meaning of some of them is curious.
The most common surname in Russia is Ivanov.
Initially, this is a patronymic from the form Ivan from male name John. Ivanov is an original Russian surname, since the derivative name was in use for several centuries; among the peasantry it captured literally all men.
There are now thousands of Ivanovs in the Russian capital, including even Ivan Ivanovichs. And this despite the fact that the surname Ivanov is not very typical for Moscow. But it is widespread in large centers. However, in some areas its absence, although not complete, is due to the fact that the name Ivan was used in other forms, from which patronymics became the progenitors of surnames.
There are more than a hundred of these forms. For example, the surname Ivin can be included here, since almost all Ivins received their surname not from the name of the Iva tree, but from Iva, a diminutive form of a popular male name. Another form of the name is Ivsha. Also diminutives Ivana - Ishko and Itsko. The latter is more typical of Smolensk dialects or the Belarusian language. Ishko is a South Russian dialect or Ukrainian language.
Also, the ancient forms of the name Ivan are Ishunya and Ishuta. Previously, the surname Ivanov was used with an emphasis on the letter a. Nowadays the stress is often placed on the last syllable. It is worth noting that some bearers of this surname often insist on the emphasis on a. This seems nobler to them than the second pronunciation option.
In Moscow, the number of Ivanovs is relatively small. Much more of them live in regional centers. It is also necessary to note the huge number of forms of this surname: Ivanchikov, Ivankov and many others. By the way, other surnames that have names at their core were formed in absolutely the same way: Sidorovs, Egorovs, Sergeevs, Semenovs and many others.
No less common is the surname Smirnov.
- actor
About seventy thousand owners of this surname live in Moscow alone. Why so much? It's simple. Previously in large family Peasant parents sighed with relief if quiet, not noisy children were born. This is a rather rare quality and is captured in the name Smirna. It, therefore, was often the main name of a person in life, since the church name was immediately forgotten.
The Smirnovs went from the Smirnykhs. Researchers note that this is the most common surname over a fairly vast territory that covers the entire Northern Volga region, but most often the Smirnovs are found in Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo and neighboring regions. As you move away from this zone, the surname is less common. The earliest mentions of this surname date back to the Vladimir tithe, when the following was written on birch bark: “Ivan Smirnov son of Samarin” or “Stepan the meek son of the Kuchuks.” Gradually the noun meek changed its emphasis. In addition to the usual surname, there are other derivatives that are less common, these are Smirenkin, Smirnitsky, Sminin, Smirensky.
It should also be added that the surname Smirnov is the ninth most common in the world. Today, more than 2.5 million people wear it. In Russia, most people have this surname in the Volga region and central regions: Kostroma, Ivanovo and Yaroslavl.
The surname Kuznetsov is the third most popular
It is easy to guess that the surname came from the type of activity of the person. In ancient times, a blacksmith was a fairly respected and wealthy person. Moreover, blacksmiths were often considered almost sorcerers and were a little afraid. Of course: this man knew the secrets of fire, he could make a plow, a sword or a horseshoe from a piece of ore.
The surname Kuznetsov comes from the name of his father according to his occupation. A blacksmith used to be necessary and famous person in their village, so they called him by that name everywhere. By the way, there are thousands of Kuznetsovs in Moscow, although they are inferior in number to the Ivanovs.
The surname was most often found in the Penza province. Well, in the country as a whole, the distribution of the Kuznetsovs is limited due to the use of Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian dialects, but from the west to the southwest the surname with the stem “smith” still spreads. It is worth noting that other nations also have very common surnames where the stem means “blacksmith.” The British have the surname Smith, and the Germans have Schmidt.
Here it is worth noting such a fairly common Russian surname as Kovalev. Although the words “koval” in Russian literary language and no. But in Ukraine and southern Russia this is what a blacksmith was called.
But Kuznechikhin and Kovalikhin are derived from the name of a woman - the wife of a blacksmith. Kovankov and Kovalkov are Russified Belarusian and Ukrainian surnames. The names of birds and animals are also one of the sources of surnames and nicknames.
The origin of the surname - Popov - is also quite obvious.
- Russian physicist and electrical engineer, professor, inventor, state councilorInitially, Popov meant “son of a priest,” “son of a priest.” And here it is worth noting that not all Popovs or Popkovs are descendants of priests. Pop (or Popko) as a personal name was quite common among the laity. Religious parents happily named their children Popili and Popko. However, sometimes the surname Popov was given to a priest's worker, a farm laborer.
This surname is common especially in the north of Russia. The Popovs' calculations showed that in the Arkhangelsk province quite often there is a person with such a surname per thousand people.
There are thousands of Popovs in the Russian capital. Researchers suggest that in the north of Russia the surname spread due to the fact that the election of the clergy there, including priests, took place among the residents.
The basis of the Vasiliev surname was the church name Vasily.
Alexander Vasiliev “Spleen”
The male baptismal name Vasily goes back to the Greek word basileus - “ruler, king.” Among the patrons of the name are the holy martyr Basil the Athenian, the holy martyr of the 4th century Basil of Ankyria, the Novgorod saint Basil the Blessed, who accomplished the feat of foolishness and tirelessly denounced lies and hypocrisy.
It should be noted that surnames formed from the full form of the name were mainly owned by the social elite, the nobility, or families that enjoyed great authority in the area, whose representatives were respectfully called by neighbors full name, in contrast to people from other classes, who were called, as a rule, by diminutive, derivative, everyday names.
In addition, some Vasilievs have noble origin. Several noble families of Vasiliev are known in the history of Russia.
No less interesting is the origin of the surname - Petrov.
Alexander Petrov - actor
The surname Petrov goes back to the canonical male name Peter (translated from ancient Greek - “stone, rock”). Peter was one of the apostles of Christ, he founded the Christian church and was considered a very strong patron for man.
The surname Petrov is one of the 10 most common in Russia (in some territories up to 6-7 people per thousand).
The name Peter became especially widespread in the 18th century, when this name began to be given in honor of Emperor Peter I. Surnames formed from the full form of the name were mainly used by the social elite, the nobility, or families that enjoyed great authority in the area, whose representatives were respected by neighbors were called by their full name, in contrast to other classes, who were called, as a rule, by diminutive, derivative, everyday names.
The patron of the name Peter was the Christian saint, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ - Peter. In Catholicism, it is believed that the Apostle Peter was the first Roman bishop, that is, the first pope. He was canonized in both the Catholic and Orthodox churches.
In Rome, the feast of Saints Peter and Paul was introduced, as the two most revered apostles, called the supreme holy apostles for their especially zealous service to the Lord and the spread of the faith of Christ.
In Rus', they believed that if you give a child the name of a saint or great martyr, then his life will be bright, good or difficult, because there is an invisible connection between the name and the fate of a person. Peter, over time received the surname Petrov.
The surname Mikhailov is no less popular.
Stas Mikhailov - artist
The basis of the surname was church name Michael. The male baptismal name Michael translated from Hebrew means “equal, like God.” The surname Mikhailov was based on its ancient everyday form - Mikhailo.
Among the patrons of this name is the most revered biblical character. The Revelation of John the Theologian tells of the heavenly battle of the Archangel Michael and his angels with the seven-headed and ten-horned dragon, as a result of which the great dragon, the ancient serpent, called the devil and Satan, was cast down to earth.
Also in Russia, surnames that were based on the names of birds and animals have always been popular. Medvedevs, Volkovs, Skvortsovs, Perepelkins - this list can be continued endlessly. Among the first hundred most common Russian surnames“animal” ones are found very often.
According to researchers, Russian surnames are more often associated with birds than with animals or fish. This is partly justified by the Russian cult of birds.
However, on the other hand, the main reason is not the cult of birds, but the everyday and economic role of birds in the life of Russian people: this includes widespread industrial hunting, poultry farming, which was celebrated in every family, and much more.
Among the “birds,” the most common surname in Russia is Sokolov.
Andrey Sokolov - actor
This is a patronymic from the non-church Russian male name Sokol. According to some estimates, in St. Petersburg the surname ranked 7th in frequency, and of the surnames that were formed from non-canonical names, Sokolov was second only to Smirnov.
However, this surname, as mentioned above, appeared not only thanks to the name of the bird, but also thanks to the old Russian name. In honor of the beautiful and proud bird, parents often gave their sons the name Falcon. It was one of the most common non-church names. In general, it should be noted that the Russians very often used the names of birds to create names. Some scientists even believe that this is due to the cult of birds that our ancestors had.
"Bird" surname Lebedev
Another “bird” surname that made it onto our list. Researchers debate its origin. The most plausible version of the appearance of the Lebedev surname is its origin from the non-church name Lebed.
Some scientists associate this surname with the city, which is located in the Sumy region.
There is a version that connects the origin of this surname with a special group of people - the “swan crowers”. These are the slaves who were supposed to deliver the swans to the prince's table. He was like that special type taxes
It is quite possible that this surname arose due to man’s admiration for this beautiful bird.
There is another theory regarding the Lebedev surname: it is believed that it was given to priests because of its euphony.
100 most common surnames in RussiaThe famous Russian linguist A.F. Zhuravlev, doctor, also made his contribution to the study of statistics of Russian surnames philological sciences, Head of the Department of Etymology and Onomastics, Institute of the Russian Language. V. V. Vinogradov RAS (Moscow).
A.F. Zhuravlev used telephone directories of several cities in Russia and other former Soviet territories, library catalogues, personal lists of institutions, lists of applicants for some Moscow universities, diverse arrays of onomastic (family) material on the Internet, etc. the territory is not clearly delineated by him, the list of cities whose telephone directories were used is not given in full (among those named by A.F. Zhuravlev are Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir, Krasnoyarsk, in Ukraine - Greater Yalta). The principles for selecting cities are not sufficiently substantiated. The very nature of obtaining material is debatable. A.F. Zhuravlev himself admits that he cannot “estimate with any accuracy the total volume of onomastic units that came into view, and, consequently, the share in it of those surnames that were included in the final list.
From the flow of surnames flowing into our hands, only those were selected that were included in the preliminary 800-unit list (further shortened to 500 surnames with the most reliable statistics).” The list itself of 800 units (i.e., surnames) was compiled intuitively. All this reduces the significance of the results obtained, but nevertheless the list of the 500 most common Russian surnames is interesting. The number of all carriers of the first 500 most common Russian surnames, recorded according to various sources, is several hundred thousand. Obviously, this list will still be refined, since according to A.F. Zhuravlev himself, the statistics given “can be considered to be only of a very preliminary nature, but in any case better than Unbegaun’s table” (meaning the appendix to the book “Russian surnames” with a list of the most common surnames in St. Petersburg in 1910).
I decided to list these 500 names so that site visitors can familiarize themselves with them. Two columns with data for comparison of statistics of the same surnames in St. Petersburg in 1910 were excluded from the material of A.F. Zhuravlev (they were taken from the work of B.O. Unbegaun). In the final table, to the right of the surname there is a number showing the relative occurrence of the surname. It was obtained by relating the total absolute frequency of a given surname to the total absolute frequency of the most common Russian surname Ivanov.
So, the list compiled by A.F. Zhuravlev. During preparation for posting on the site, it was discovered that there were three more surnames on it (they are given without a serial number). To find the desired surname, use the search function of your browser.
Rank Surname Frequency 1 Ivanov 1,0000 2 Smirnov 0,7412 3 Kuznetsov 0,7011 4 Popov 0,5334 5 Vasiliev 0,4948 6 Petrov 0,4885 7 Sokolov 0,4666 8 Mikhailov 0,3955 9 Novikov 0,3743 10 Fedorov 0,3662 11 Morozov 0,3639 12 Volkov 0,3636 13 Alekseev 0,3460 14 Lebedev 0,3431 15 Semenov 0,3345 16 Egorov 0,3229 17 Pavlov 0,3226 18 Kozlov 0,3139 19 Stepanov 0,3016 20 Nikolaev 0,3005 21 Orlov 0,2976 22 Andreev 0,2972 23 Makarov 0,2924 24 Nikitin 0,2812 25 Zakharov 0,2755 26 Zaitsev 0,2728 27 Soloviev 0,2712 28 Borisov 0,2710 29 Yakovlev 0,2674 30 Grigoriev 0,2541 31 Romanov 0,2442 32 Vorobiev 0,2371 33 Sergeev 0,2365 34 Kuzmin 0,2255 35 Frolov 0,2235 36 Alexandrov 0,2234 37 Dmitriev 0,2171 38 Korolev 0,2083 39 Gusev 0,2075 40 Kiselev 0,2070 41 Ilyin 0,2063 42 Maksimov 0,2059 43 Polyakov 0,2035 44 Sorokin 0,1998 45 Vinogradov 0,1996 46 Kovalev 0,1978 47 Belov 0,1964 48 Medvedev 0,1953 49 Antonov 0,1928 50 Tarasov 0,1896 51 Zhukov 0,1894 52 Baranov 0,1883 53 Filippov 0,1827 54 Komarov 0,1799 55 Davydov 0,1767 56 Belyaev 0,1750 57 Gerasimov 0,1742 58 Bogdanov 0,1706 59 Osipov 0,1702 60 Sidorov 0,1695 61 Matveev 0,1693 62 Titov 0,1646 63 Markov 0,1628 64 Mironov 0,1625 65 Krylov 0,1605 66 Kulikov 0,1605 67 Karpov 0,1584 68 Vlasov 0,1579 69 Melnikov 0,1567 70 Denisov 0,1544 71 Gavrilov 0,1540 72 Tikhonov 0,1537 73 Kazakov 0,1528 74 Afanasiev 0,1516 75 Danilov 0,1505 76 Savelyev 0,1405 77 Timofeev 0,1403 78 Fomin 0,1401 79 Chernov 0,1396 80 Abramov 0,1390 81 Martynov 0,1383 82 Efimov 0,1377 83 Fedotov 0,1377 84 Shcherbakov 0,1375 85 Nazarov 0,1366 86 Kalinin 0,1327 87 Isaev 0,1317 88 Chernyshev 0,1267 89 Bykov 0,1255 90 Maslov 0,1249 91 Rodionov 0,1248 92 Konovalov 0,1245 93 Lazarev 0,1236 94 Voronin 0,1222 95 Klimov 0,1213 96 Filatov 0,1208 97 Ponomarev 0,1203 98 Golubev 0,1200 99 Kudryavtsev 0,1186 100 Prokhorov 0,1182 101 Naumov 0,1172 102 Potapov 0,1165 103 Zhuravlev 0,1160 104 Ovchinnikov 0,1148 105 Trofimov 0,1148 106 Leonov 0,1142 107 Sobolev 0,1135 108 Ermakov 0,1120 109 Kolesnikov 0,1120 110 Goncharov 0,1115 111 Emelyanov 0,1081 112 Nikiforov 0,1055 113 Grachev 0,1049 114 Kotov 0,1037 115 Grishin 0,1017 116 Efremov 0,0995 117 Arkhipov 0,0993 118 Gromov 0,0986 119 Kirillov 0,0982 120 Malyshev 0,0978 121 Panov 0,0978 122 Moiseev 0,0975 123 Rumyantsev 0,0975 124 Akimov 0,0963 125 Kondratiev 0,0954 126 Biryukov 0,0950 127 Gorbunov 0,0940 128 Anisimov 0,0925 129 Eremin 0,0916 130 Tikhomirov 0,0907 131 Galkin 0,0884 132 Lukyanov 0,0876 133 Mikheev 0,0872 134 Skvortsov 0,0862 135 Yudin 0,0859 136 Belousov 0,0856 137 Nesterov 0,0842 138 Simonov 0,0834 139 Prokofiev 0,0826 140 Kharitonov 0,0819 141 Knyazev 0,0809 142 Tsvetkov 0,0807 143 Levin 0,0806 144 Mitrofanov 0,0796 145 Voronov 0,0792 146 Aksenov 0,0781 147 Sofronov 0,0781 148 Maltsev 0,0777 149 Loginov 0,0774 150 Gorshkov 0,0771 151 Savin 0,0771 152 Krasnov 0,0761 153 Mayorov 0,0761 154 Demidov 0,0756 155 Eliseev 0,0754 156 Rybakov 0,0754 157 Safonov 0,0753 158 Plotnikov 0,0749 159 Demin 0,0745 160 Khokhlov 0,0745 161 Fadeev 0,0740 162 Molchanov 0,0739 163 Ignatov 0,0738 164 Litvinov 0,0738 165 Ershov 0,0736 166 Ushakov 0,0736 167 Dementiev 0,0722 168 Ryabov 0,0722 169 Mukhin 0,0719 170 Kalashnikov 0,0715 171 Leontyev 0,0714 172 Lobanov 0,0714 173 Kuzin 0,0712 174 Korneev 0,0710 175 Evdokimov 0,0700 176 Borodin 0,0699 177 Platonov 0,0699 178 Nekrasov 0,0697 179 Balashov 0,0694 180 Bobrov 0,0692 181 Zhdanov 0,0692 182 Blinov 0,0687 183 Ignatiev 0,0683 184 Korotkov 0,0678 185 Muravyov 0,0675 186 Kryukov 0,0672 187 Belyakov 0,0671 188 Bogomolov 0,0671 189 Drozdov 0,0669 190 Lavrov 0,0666 191 Zuev 0,0664 192 Petukhov 0,0661 193 Larin 0,0659 194 Nikulin 0,0657 195 Serov 0,0657 196 Terentyev 0,0652 197 Zotov 0,0651 198 Ustinov 0,0650 199 Fokin 0,0648 200 Samoilov 0,0647 201 Konstantinov 0,0645 202 Sakharov 0,0641 203 Shishkin 0,0640 204 Samsonov 0,0638 205 Cherkasov 0,0637 206 Chistyakov 0,0637 207 Nosov 0,0630 208 Spiridonov 0,0627 209 Karasev 0,0618 210 Avdeev 0,0613 211 Vorontsov 0,0612 212 Zverev 0,0606 213 Vladimirov 0,0605 214 Seleznev 0,0598 215 Nechaev 0,0590 216 Kudryashov 0,0587 217 Sedov 0,0580 218 Firsov 0,0578 219 Andrianov 0,0577 220 Panin 0,0577 221 Golovin 0,0571 222 Terekhov 0,0569 223 Ulyanov 0,0567 224 Shestakov 0,0566 225 Ageev 0,0564 226 Nikonov 0,0564 227 Selivanov 0,0564 228 Bazhenov 0,0562 229 Gordeev 0,0562 230 Kozhevnikov 0,0562 231 Pakhomov 0,0560 232 Zimin 0,0557 233 Kostin 0,0556 234 Shirokov 0,0553 235 Filimonov 0,0550 236 Larionov 0,0549 237 Ovsyannikov 0,0546 238 Sazonov 0,0545 239 Suvorov 0,0545 240 Nefedov 0,0543 241 Kornilov 0,0541 242 Lyubimov 0,0541 243 Lviv 0,0536 244 Gorbachev 0,0535 245 Kopylov 0,0534 246 Lukin 0,0531 247 Tokarev 0,0527 248 Kuleshov 0,0525 249 Shilov 0,0522 250 Bolshakov 0,0518 251 Pankratov 0,0518 252 Rodin 0,0514 253 Shapovalov 0,0514 254 Pokrovsky 0,0513 255 Bocharov 0,0507 256 Nikolsky 0,0507 257 Markin 0,0506 258 Gorelov 0,0500 259 Agafonov 0,0499 260 Berezin 0,0499 261 Ermolaev 0,0495 262 Zubkov 0,0495 263 Kupriyanov 0,0495 264 Trifonov 0,0495 265 Maslennikov 0,0488 266 Kruglov 0,0486 267 Tretyakov 0,0486 268 Kolosov 0,0485 269 Rozhkov 0,0485 270 Artamonov 0,0482 271 Shmelev 0,0481 272 Laptev 0,0478 273 Lapshin 0,0468 274 Fedoseev 0,0467 275 Zinoviev 0,0465 276 Zorin 0,0465 277 Utkin 0,0464 278 Stolyarov 0,0461 279 Zubov 0,0458 280 Tkachev 0,0454 281 Dorofeev 0,0450 282 Antipov 0,0447 283 Zavyalov 0,0447 284 Sviridov 0,0447 285 Zolotarev 0,0446 286 Kulakov 0,0446 287 Meshcheryakov 0,0444 288 Makeev 0,0436 289 Dyakonov 0,0434 290 Gulyaev 0,0433 291 Petrovsky 0,0432 292 Bondarev 0,0430 293 Pozdnyakov 0,0430 294 Panfilov 0,0427 295 Kochetkov 0,0426 296 Sukhanov 0,0425 297 Ryzhov 0,0422 298 Starostin 0,0421 299 Kalmykov 0,0418 300 Kolesov 0,0416 301 Zolotov 0,0415 302 Kravtsov 0,0414 303 Subbotin 0,0414 304 Shubin 0,0414 305 Shchukin 0,0412 306 Losev 0,0411 307 Vinokurov 0,0409 308 Lapin 0,0409 309 Parfenov 0,0409 310 Isakov 0,0407 311 Golovanov 0,0402 312 Korovin 0,0402 313 Rozanov 0,0401 314 Artemov 0,0400 315 Kozyrev 0,0400 316 Rusakov 0,0398 317 Aleshin 0,0397 318 Kryuchkov 0,0397 319 Bulgakov 0,0395 320 Koshelev 0,0391 321 Sychev 0,0391 322 Sinitsyn 0,0390 323 Black 0,0383 324 Rogov 0,0381 325 Kononov 0,0379 326 Lavrentiev 0,0377 327 Evseev 0,0376 328 Pimenov 0,0376 329 Panteleev 0,0374 330 Goryachev 0,0373 331 Anikin 0,0372 332 Lopatin 0,0372 333 Rudakov 0,0372 334 Odintsov 0,0370 335 Serebryakov 0,0370 336 Pankov 0,0369 337 Degtyarev 0,0367 338 Orekhov 0,0367 339 Tsarev 0,0363 340 Shuvalov 0,0356 341 Kondrashov 0,0355 342 Goryunov 0,0353 343 Dubrovin 0,0353 344 Golikov 0,0349 345 Kurochkin 0,0348 346 Latyshev 0,0348 347 Sevastyanov 0,0348 348 Vavilov 0,0346 349 Erofeev 0,0345 350 Salnikov 0,0345 351 Klyuev 0,0344 352 Noskov 0,0339 353 Ozerov 0,0339 354 Koltsov 0,0338 355 Commissioners 0,0337 356 Merkulov 0,0337 357 Kireev 0,0335 358 Khomyakov 0,0335 359 Bulatov 0,0331 360 Ananyev 0,0329 361 Burov 0,0327 362 Shaposhnikov 0,0327 363 Druzhinin 0,0324 364 Ostrovsky 0,0324 365 Shevelev 0,0320 366 Dolgov 0,0319 367 Suslov 0,0319 368 Shevtsov 0,0317 369 Pastukhov 0,0316 370 Rubtsov 0,0313 371 Bychkov 0,0312 372 Glebov 0,0312 373 Ilyinsky 0,0312 374 Uspensky 0,0312 375 Dyakov 0,0310 376 Kochetov 0,0310 377 Vishnevsky 0,0307 378 Vysotsky 0,0305 379 Glukhov 0,0305 380 Dubov 0,0305 381 Bessonov 0,0302 382 Sitnikov 0,0302 383 Astafiev 0,0300 384 Meshkov 0,0300 385 Sharov 0,0300 386 Yashin 0,0299 387 Kozlovsky 0,0298 388 Tumanov 0,0298 389 Basov 0,0296 390 Korchagin 0,0295 391 Boldyrev 0,0293 392 Oleynikov 0,0293 393 Chumakov 0,0293 394 Fomichev 0,0291 395 Gubanov 0,0289 396 Dubinin 0,0289 397 Shulgin 0,0289 398 Kasatkin 0,0285 399 Pirogov 0,0285 400 Semin 0,0285 401 Troshin 0,0284 402 Gorokhov 0,0282 403 Old people 0,0282 404 Shcheglov 0,0281 405 Fetisov 0,0279 406 Kolpakov 0,0278 407 Chesnokov 0,0278 408 Zykov 0,0277 409 Vereshchagin 0,0274 410 Minaev 0,0272 411 Rudnev 0,0272 412 Trinity 0,0272 413 Okulov 0,0271 414 Shiryaev 0,0271 415 Malinin 0,0270 416 Cherepanov 0,0270 417 Izmailov 0,0268 418 Alekhine 0,0265 419 Zelenin 0,0265 420 Kasyanov 0,0265 421 Pugachev 0,0265 422 Pavlovsky 0,0264 423 Chizhov 0,0264 424 Kondratov 0,0263 425 Voronkov 0,0261 426 Kapustin 0,0261 427 Sotnikov 0,0261 428 Demyanov 0,0260 429 Kosarev 0,0257 430 Belikov 0,0254 431 Sukharev 0,0254 432 Belkin 0,0253 433 Bespalov 0,0253 434 Kulagin 0,0253 435 Savitsky 0,0253 436 Zharov 0,0253 437 Khromov 0,0251 438 Eremeev 0,0250 439 Kartashov 0,0250 440 Astakhov 0,0246 441 Rusanov 0,0246 442 Sukhov 0,0246 443 Veshnyakov 0,0244 444 Voloshin 0,0244 445 Kozin 0,0244 446 Khudyakov 0,0244 447 Zhilin 0,0242 448 Malakhov 0,0239 449 Sizov 0,0237 450 Yezhov 0,0235 451 Tolkachev 0,0235 452 Anokhin 0,0232 453 Vdovin 0,0232 454 Babushkin 0,0231 455 Usov 0,0231 456 Lykov 0,0229 457 Gorlov 0,0228 458 Korshunov 0,0228 459 Markelov 0,0226 460 Postnikov 0,0225 461 Black 0,0225 462 Dorokhov 0,0224 463 Sveshnikov 0,0224 464 Gushchin 0,0222 465 Kalugin 0,0222 466 Blokhin 0,0221 467 Surkov 0,0221 468 Kochergin 0,0219 469 Grekov 0,0217 470 Kazantsev 0,0217 471 Shvetsov 0,0217 472 Ermilov 0,0215 473 Paramonov 0,0215 474 Agapov 0,0214 475 Minin 0,0214 476 Kornev 0,0212 477 Chernyaev 0,0212 478 Gurov 0,0210 479 Ermolov 0,0210 480 Somov 0,0210 481 Dobrynin 0,0208 482 Barsukov 0,0205 483 Glushkov 0,0203 484 Chebotarev 0,0203 485 Moskvin 0,0201 486 Uvarov 0,0201 487 Bezrukov 0,0200 488 Muratov 0,0200 489 Rakov 0,0198 490 Snegirev 0,0198 491 Gladkov 0,0197 492 Zlobin 0,0197 493 Morgunov 0,0197 494 Polikarpov 0,0197 495 Ryabinin 0,0197 496 Sudakov 0,0196 497 Kukushkin 0,0193 498 Kalachev 0,0191 499 Gribov 0,0190 500 Elizarov 0,0190 Zvyagintsev 0,0190 Korolkov 0,0190 Fedosov 0,0190
The most common surnames and their history of origin:
Kuznetsov Surname from the father's name according to his occupation. Since the blacksmith was the most necessary and well-known person in the village, naming on this basis was universal. Therefore, the surname Kuznetsov is one of the most common in Russia;
Thousands of Kuznetsovs lived in Moscow (second in number only to the Ivanovs, of whom there are thousands. In some areas, the surname Kuznetsov took first place in frequency (for example, in the volosts of Kerensky and Chembarsky districts of the Penza province, out of thousands of Russians included in the calculations, the Kuznetsov person) In the country as a whole, the spread of the surname Kuznetsov is somewhat limited by the use of Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian dialect word Koval has the same meaning as “blacksmith,” so surnames with this stem spread from the west and southwest. Other nations also have very common surnames with a stem meaning “blacksmith”, for example the most common English surname Smith, German Schmidt. (N) Kovalev is one of the most common Russians; surnames, although the word “koval” does not exist in the Russian literary language. In southern Russia and Ukraine, a blacksmith is called a farrier. “If you’re not a farrier, don’t dirty your hands” (that is, don’t get dirty) advises folk wisdom; don't take on a job you don't know. (F) Kovalenya. One of the suffixes forming Belarusian surnames-enya. Kowalski Polish or Ukrainian surname. Kovalikhin and Kuznechikhin, metronymic surnames, are derived from the name of a woman, the wife of a blacksmith. Kovalkov, Kovankov are verified Ukrainian or Belarusian surnames.
2. Smirnov Smirnov is one of the most common Russian surnames. In Moscow alone there are seventy thousand Smirnovs. Why? In a large peasant family, quiet, non-shouting children were a great relief for parents. This quality, rare for small children, was imprinted in the worldly name Smirnaya; it often became the main name of a person for the rest of his life (the church name was forgotten by those around him). From the Smirnykhs came the Smirnovs. (F) The most common Russian surname in a vast strip covering the entire Northern Volga region, most often in the Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo regions and adjacent areas of neighboring regions, to the east this zone extends to Kirov region. As you move away from this zone, the frequency decreases. In Moscow, the surname Smirnov took fifth place in a thousand people) By origin, it is a patronymic from the Russian non-church male name Smirna, i.e. “meek, quiet, obedient” Early examples of patronymics in the Vladimir tithe of the city “Ivan Smirnovo son of Samarin” “Stepan meek son of Kuchuks” Common noun changed the vowel and place of stress, and the surname retained its archaic form (similar to: Tolstoy, Tolstoy (N)) The surnames Smirnin, Smirenkin are from the ancient Slavic names Smirena, Smirenka. Smirensky, Smirnitsky seminary surnames from the same root.
3. Ivanov Patronymic from the common form Ivan from the canonical male personal name John. Ivanov is the most common surname of Russians, since the name remained the most common among Russians for several centuries (from century to century: among the peasantry it covered from up to all men. In Moscow there are thousands of Ivanovs (of which Ivan Ivanovich) It is characteristic that in this territory The surname Ivanov is usually not very common, inferior to many others, but it is widespread and therefore ranks first in large centers and throughout the country. Its relative rarity in certain areas is due to the fact that the name is used in abundance. various forms, patronymics from which became surnames. There are significantly more than a hundred of these forms, and the surnames and patronymics formed from these forms are correspondingly numerous. (N) The most common male name in Rus', Ivan, “Ivanov is like filthy mushrooms,” people joked) has given rise to dozens of derivative forms. I confidently include the surname Ivin in this list, since most Ivins are not from the name of the tree, but from Iva, a shortened form of the name Ivan. Ivsha is also one of the forms of this name. Itsko, Ishko are diminutive forms of the name Ivan. Itsko is more characteristic of the Belarusian language and Smolensk dialects, Ishko Ukrainian language and South Russian dialects. Ishunya, Ishuta are ancient diminutive forms of the name Ivan. (F) V c. the surname was used with an emphasis on a. Nowadays it is more often used with the stress on the last syllable. It is characteristic that some bearers of the surname insist on a form with an emphasis on a, which seems to them more noble than the usual one with an emphasis on the last syllable.
4. Popov Not all Popovs and Popkovs are descendants of priests. As a personal name, Pop (Popko) was quite common among worldly people. Religious parents willingly named their children Popili Popko. Example: landowner Popko (near Senka Pop, peasant Popko Efimov, peasant Sometimes the surname Popov was given to a worker, farm laborer. (F) One of the most common surnames in Russia, especially in the north of the country. Counting surnames in the Arkhangelsk province showed an unprecedentedly high frequency of Popovs in a thousand people. In Moscow, a thousand Popovs originally meant: patronymic "son of a priest" from the nickname Pop; from the documents of the century. peasant Senka Pop, Don Cossack Mikhailo Pop, etc. As an assumption of the spread of this surname in the north of Russia, we can assume the election of the clergy in these areas: until the century, priests were not appointed there, but were elected by the residents themselves from among themselves (N)
5. Sokolov The names of animals and birds are one of the main sources of nicknames and surnames derived from them. "Bird" surnames occupy positions in the first hundred Russian surnames. Sokolov is the most common among the “birds” and is in seventh position in the frequency list of all Russian surnames. (U) Sokolov. Patronymic from the Russian non-church male name Sokol. One of the ten most common Russian surnames. According to B. Unbegun's calculations, in St. Petersburg it ranked seventh in frequency, and of all surnames formed from non-canonical names, it was second only to Smirnov. The unusually high frequency of Russian surnames based on the names of birds was noted by the prominent foreign Slavist V.R. Kiparsky, proving in his articles that this is dictated by the cult of birds among the Russians. My calculations confirmed that Russian surnames are indeed associated with birds more often than with animals or, for example, fish. But this phenomenon cannot be explained by the cult of birds, since the majority of surnames are of later origin centuries. only a minority are older) and we can talk about the origin not of surnames, but of the names from which they are derived. However, in this case, the main reason is not the cult of the bird, but the enormous economic and everyday role of birds in the life of Russians: widespread industrial hunting, poultry farming in every family, grand falconry and much more (for more details, see Nikonov V.A. Name and society. M. (N) Sokolikha, the wife of Sokol. Surnames in -sky may be of Ukrainian Polish origin. geographical names Sokol, Sokolovo. Similarly Sokologorsky Sokolinaya Gora. Similarly Russian Sokoltsov
Next in the ranking are:
6. Lebedev
7. Kozlov
8. Novikov
9. Morozov
10. Petrov
11. Volkov
12. Soloviev
13. Vasiliev
14. Zaitsev
15. Pavlov
16. Semenov
17. Golubev
18. Vinogradov
19. Bogdanov
20. Vorobiev
21. Fedorov
22. Mikhailov
23. Belyaev
24. Tarasov
25. Belov
26. Komarov
27. Orlov
28. Kiselev
29. Makarov
30. Andreev
31. Kovalev
32. Ilyin
33. Gusev
34. Titov
35. Kuzmin
36. Kudryavtsev
37. Baranov
38. Kulikov
39. Alekseev
40. Stepanov
41. Yakovlev
42. Sorokin
43. Sergeev
44. Romanov
45. Zakharov
46. Borisov
47. Korolev
48. Gerasimov
49. Ponomarev
50. Grigoriev
51. Lazarev
52. Medvedev (from Layola: let’s remember the president of the Russian Federation)
53. Ershov
54. Nikitin
55. Sobolev
56. Ryabov
57. Polyakov
58. Tsvetkov
59. Danilov
60. Zhukov
61. Frolov
62. Zhuravlev
63. Nikolaev
64. Krylov
65. Maximov
66. Sidorov
67. Osipov
68. Belousov
69. Fedotov
70. Dorofeev
71. Egorov
72. Matveev
73. Bobrov
74. Dmitriev
75. Kalinin
76. Anisimov
77. Petukhov
78. Antonov
79. Timofeev
80. Nikiforov
81. Veselov
82. Filippov
83. Markov
84. Bolshakov
85. Sukhanov
86. Mironov
87. Shiryaev
88. Alexandrov
89. Konovalov
90. Shestakov
91. Kazakov
92. Efimov
93. Denisov
94. Gromov
95. Fomin
96. Davydov
97. Melnikov
98. Shcherbakov
99. Blinov
100. Kolesnikov
In recent times, the history of the origin and spread of surnames worried only linguists, historians, ethnographers and, naturally, owners of this value. However, recently, scientists from the Laboratory of Popular Human Genetics of the Medical Genetic Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences have become interested in this issue.
What is the reason for the unexpected excitement around a seemingly unremarkable historical heritage?
How to compile a list of the 100 most common Russian surnames
Scientists claim that the entire Russian gene pool is hidden in the origins of native Russian surnames.
Considering the hundreds of thousands of surnames concentrated in the vast Russian state, the researchers took as a basis only the indigenous people who geographically live in Central Russia and the Russian North.
But here, too, problems arose: the most common surnames did not always turn out to be original Russian ones. Therefore, scientists were faced with the task of separating the original and migratory specimens.
Additional parameters were introduced that the surname had to correspond to:
- At least three representatives per surname.
- Compliance with local linguistic norms and dialects.
After this, 14,428 remained from the original list.
By the way, scientists are considering 8 regions: Arkhangelsk, Kostroma, Smolensk, Belgorod, Kursk and Voronezh region, as well as the Kashinsky district of the Tver region.
These areas make up 5 regions of Russia: Northern, Eastern, Central, Western, Southern.
Ivanovs, Smirnovs: founders of the genetic fund
The most common surnames include 250 names.
The list was compiled based on the frequency of their predominance in each of the previously designated regions.
I would like to say that even a simple layman, who is unfamiliar with genetic and historical sciences, could name some names.
For example, when asked “what is the most common surname in Russia,” every second person will say: “Smirnovs, Ivanovs.” They will take this data not from research, but from the realities of life: everyone has such a friend or acquaintance. They top the list of the 100 most common surnames.
History of the study of the issue: V.A. Nikonov and B.O. Unbegaun
As noted earlier, geneticists were not the first to become interested in the origin of surnames. Linguists, historians and ethnographers can be called pioneers in this field.
These include the Soviet onomatologist V.A. Nikonov. It was his mind that came up with the officially registered conclusion about what are the most common surnames in Russia. Nikonov found that Smirnovs, Ivanovs, Popovs and Kuznetsovs are the most common names in the designated areas.
And the top lists compiled “The most common Russian surname” are far from a modern innovation.
The first such list belongs to the pen of B.O. Unbegaun. It was compiled in 1972 according to the St. Petersburg address book. The most common surnames were borne by 31,503 people. And out of 200 thousand names from the address book, Unbegaun identified the 100 most popular. But the list he identified was not pure and included not only Russian residents, but also visitors. For example, Schmidt and Miller can hardly be called Slavic, therefore, based on this fact, the book “Russian Surnames” published in 1989 can hardly be called 100% reliable.
The most common Russian surname: list of geneticists
Will you find yourself on the list compiled by geneticists? And what is the most common Russian surname, of course, besides those already stated?
In order to find out the answers to these questions, at least one list must be made public. To do this, we chose a list compiled by geneticists based on 5 Russian regions. To make searching easier, it is sorted alphabetically rather than by popularity. To the right of each surname is located serial number, corresponding to the list created by geneticists.
Surname | № | Surname | № | Surname | № | Surname | № | Surname | № |
___A___ | |||||||||
Soloviev | |||||||||
Commissioners | Nekrasov | ||||||||
Agafonov | Kondratiev | Nesterov | Stepanov | ||||||
___D___ | Konovalov | Strelkov | |||||||
Alexandrov | Nikiforov | Subbotin | |||||||
Alekseev | Konstantinov | Nikolaev | |||||||
Dementiev | |||||||||
Anisimov | Kornilov | ||||||||
Dmitriev | ___T___ |
||||||||
Artemiev | |||||||||
Dorofeev | ___ABOUT___ | Terentyev | |||||||
Afanasiev | Ovchinnikov | ||||||||
___B___ | Krasilnikov | Timofeev | |||||||
___E___ | |||||||||
Evdokimov | |||||||||
Belozerov | Kudryavtsev | Tretyakov | |||||||
Belousov | Kudryashov | ___P___ | Trofimov | ||||||
Kuznetsov | |||||||||
Emelyanov | ___U___ |
||||||||
Bespalov | Panfilov | ||||||||
___F___ |
|||||||||
___L___ | |||||||||
___AND___ | Lavrentiev | ||||||||
Fedoseev | |||||||||
Bogdanov | Ponomarev | ||||||||
Bolshakov | Zhuravlev | Larionov | |||||||
___З___ | Filippov | ||||||||
Prokhorov | |||||||||
___R___ | |||||||||
___IN___ | Zinoviev | Rodionov | |||||||
Vasiliev | ___X___ |
||||||||
___M___ | Kharitonov | ||||||||
Vinogradov | ___AND___ | ||||||||
Vishnyakov | Maksimov | ___T___ |
|||||||
Vladimirov | Mamontov | ||||||||
Ignatiev | ___WITH___ | ___H___ |
|||||||
Martynov | Savelyev | ||||||||
Vorobiev | ___Ш___ |
||||||||
Vorontsov | ___TO___ | Medvedev | Samoilov | ||||||
___G___ | Melnikov | Samsonov | |||||||
Gavrilov | Merkushev | Shestakov | |||||||
Kalashnikov | Seleznev | ||||||||
Gerasimov | Mikhailov | Seliverstov | |||||||
Kapustin | |||||||||
Gorbachev | ___SCH___ |
||||||||
Gorbunov | Kirillov | Molchanov | Shcherbakov | ||||||
Muravyov | ___Y/I___ |
||||||||
Grigoriev | Sitnikov | ||||||||
Myasnikov | |||||||||
History of the origin of the surname
We have already learned which Russian surname is the most common: the Smirnov family has it.
But what secret does she keep within herself? In order to open this veil, it is necessary to delve into the history of its origin.
There are several theories. The most popular are two of them.
Theory #1
The first version explains the wide distribution area of the surname.
According to legend, in ancient times there was a class of wandering people who led nomadic image life, moving throughout Rus' from village to village. In gratitude for the shelter, they showed residents more effective ways farming, farming, sharing knowledge.
It is believed that when entering the territory of any settlement for the first time, they uttered the phrase: “We welcome you, good people. We are coming with the NEW WORLD.” This became not only their greeting, but also a promise of reward for their shelter.
After years nomadic people ceased to exist, but his descendants did not forget their roots, so they began to be called SMIRNOV.
Theory #2
The second version is among those that support the origin of surnames from proper names. It says that according to Slavic beliefs, the name Smyrna previously existed. A descendant of this man, after the 15th-17th centuries, began to be called Smirnov, which was a direct reference to the head of the family.
Famous Smirnovs
Considering the scale of distribution of the surname, it is not difficult to assume that among famous personalities“Smirnovs” are often encountered.
I would like to mention one such dynasty.
The branch we are considering contains creative path three generations - parents and children.
Actor and director Andrei Smirnov is a gifted child of an equally brilliant parent.
His father, Sergei Sergeevich Smirnov - Soviet writer, public figure, WWII participant. Author of the novel "Brest Fortress".
Andrei Sergeevich's daughter, Avdotya, is better known as Dunya Smirnova: a famous Soviet presenter, film director, critic, screenwriter.
Such dynasties are not uncommon if the family is included in the list of the 100 most common surnames.
What's going on in the world?
Naturally, it is not only in the Russian expanses that a tendency for certain surnames to predominate has been noticed.
For example, in China the most popular is Li.
Therefore, it will be interesting to find out which surname is the most common in the world.
- Lee: Over 100 million representatives worldwide.
- Zhang: About 100 million representatives.
- Wang: over 90 million.
- Nguyen: over 36 million. Origin area: Vietnam.
- Garcia: over 10 million. Spanish roots.
- Gonzalez: over 10 million. Spanish roots
- Hernandez: over 8 million representatives. The history of origin is divided into two branches: Spanish and Portuguese.
- Smith: over 4 million. Country - England.
- Smirnov: over 2.5 million representatives worldwide.
- Mueller: about a million. Roots - Germany.
It is logical that the top three include Chinese surnames. After all, the Chinese (aka Han Chinese) make up 19% of total number people on the planet.
The surname Li, as you already know, is the most common in the world: 7.9% of the total population of China have it.
It has numerous spelling variations: Li, Lee and Ly. Has Chinese and Korean roots.
The Chinese emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan, who reigned from 618 to 626, also belonged to the Li clan.
An interesting fact is that in the struggle for power he defeated other contenders for the throne, including Li Gi. And his son, Li Shimin, became a follower, whom his own brothers tried to kill.