Famous surnames of the Russian Empire. The origin of the surname is count. Other princely titles

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Since ancient times, a surname could change a person’s life; it carried the entire history of the family and gave many privileges. People spent a lot of effort and finances to have a good title, and sometimes even sacrificed their lives for this. It was almost impossible for an ordinary citizen to be included in the list of nobles.

Types of titles

Titles in Tsarist Russia there were many, each of them had its own history and carried its own capabilities. All noble families followed the family tree and very carefully selected pairs for their family members. The marriage of two noble families was more of a calculated calculation than love relationship. Russian noble families stayed together and did not allow members without a title into their families.

Among these genera could be:

1. Princes.
2. Graphs.
3. Barons.
4. Kings.
5. Dukes.
6. Marquises.

Each of these clans had its own history and led its own family tree. It was strictly forbidden for a nobleman to create a family with a commoner. Thus, it was almost impossible for an ordinary ordinary resident of Tsarist Russia to become a nobleman, except for very great achievements before the country.

Princes Rurikovich

Princes are one of the highest noble titles. Members of such a family always had a lot of land, finances and slaves. It was a great honor for a representative of the family to be at court and help the ruler. Having proven himself, a member of the princely family could become a trusted person of the ruler. The famous noble families of Russia in most cases had a princely title. But titles could be divided according to the methods of obtaining them.

One of the most famous princely families in Russia were the Rurikovichs. The list of noble families begins with her. The Rurikovichs are immigrants from Ukraine and descendants of Igor’s great Rus'. The roots of many European rulers come from This is a strong dynasty that has brought many famous rulers to the world, for a long time in power throughout Europe. But a number historical events, which occurred in those days, divided the family into many branches. Russian noble families, such as Pototsky, Peremyshl, Chernigov, Ryazan, Galician, Smolensky, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Belozersky, Suzdal, Smolensky, Moscow, Tver, Starodubsky, belong specifically to the Rurik family.

Other princely titles

In addition to the descendants of the Rurikovich family, noble families in Russia can be such as the Otyaevs. This family received its title thanks to the good warrior Khvostov, who had the nickname Otyay in the army, and dates back to one thousand five hundred and forty-three.

The Ofrosmovs are an example of a strong will and a great desire to achieve a goal. The founder of the family was a strong and courageous warrior.

The Pogozhevs come from Lithuania. It helped the founder of the family to receive a princely title oratory and the ability to conduct military negotiations.

The list of noble families also includes the Pozharskys, Polevys, Pronchishchevs, Protopopovs, Tolstoys, and Uvarovs.

Count's titles

But the names noble origin- these are not only princes. Count dynasties also had high titles and powers at court. This title was also considered very high and gave a lot of powers.

Receiving the title of count was a great achievement for any member of royal society. Such a title, first of all, made it possible to have power and be closer to ruling dynasty. The noble families of Russia mostly consist of counts. The easiest way to achieve this title was through successful military operations.

One of these surnames is Sheremetv. This is a count family that still exists in our time. General of the Army received this title for his achievements in military operations and service royal family.

Ivan Golovkin is the founder of another family of noble origin. According to many sources, this is a count who appeared in Russia after the wedding of his only daughter. One of the few count families that ended with a single representative of the dynasty.

The noble family Minich had many branches, and the main reason for this was large quantities women in this family. When marrying women, Milikh took double surname and mixed up titles.

A lot of count titles received by the courtiers during the reign of Catherine Petrovna. She was a very generous queen and awarded titles to many of her military leaders. Thanks to her, such names as Efimovsky, Gendrikov, Chernyshev, Razumovsky, Ushakov and many others appeared on the list of nobles.

Barons at court

Many holders of baronial titles also had famous noble families. Among them are family families and granted barons. This, like all other titles, could be obtained with good service. And of course, the simplest and most effective way was to carry out military operations for the homeland.

This title was very popular in the Middle Ages. Family title could receive rich families who sponsored royal family. This title appeared in the fifteenth century in Germany and, like everything new, gained great popularity. The royal family practically sold it to all rich families who had the opportunity to help and sponsor all the royal endeavors.

To bring rich families closer to him, he introduced a new title - baron. One of the first owners of this title was the banker De Smith. Thanks to banking and trading, this family earned its finances and was elevated to the rank of baron by Peter.

Russian noble families with the title of baron also added the surname Fridriks. Like de Smith, Yuri Fridriks was a good banker who lived and worked at the royal court for a long time. Born into a titled family, Yuri also received a title under Tsarist Russia.

In addition to them, there were a number of surnames with the title of baron, information about which was stored in military documents. These are warriors who earned their titles by actively participating in hostilities. Thus, the noble families of Russia were replenished with such members as: Baron Plotto, Baron von Rummel, Baron von Malama, Baron Ustinov and the family of Baron Schmidt brothers. Most of them came from European countries and came to Russia on work matters.

Royal families

But not only titled families are included in the list of noble families. Russian noble families headed the royal families for many years.

One of the most ancient royal families of Russia were the Godunovs. This is the royal family, which was in power for many years. The first of this family was Tsarina Godunova, who formally ruled the country for only a few days. She renounced the throne and decided to spend her life in a monastery.

The next, no less famous surname of the royal Russian family- these are the Shuiskys. This dynasty spent little time in power, but was included in the list of noble families of Russia.

The Great Queen Skavronskaya, better known as Catherine the First, also became the founder of the royal family dynasty. Don't forget about this royal dynasty, like Biron.

Dukes at court

Russian noble families also have the title of dukes. Receiving the title of Duke was not so easy. Basically, these families included very rich and ancient families of Tsarist Russia.

The owners of the title of Duke in Russia were the Chertozhansky family. The clan existed for many centuries and was engaged agriculture. This was a very rich family that had a lot of land.

The Duke of Nesvizh is the founder of the city of the same name Nesvizh. There are many versions of the origin of this family. The Duke was a great connoisseur of art. His castles were the most remarkable and beautiful buildings of that time. Owning large lands, the duke had the opportunity to help tsarist Russia.

Menshikov is another of the famous ducal families in Russia. Menshikov was not just a duke, he was a famous military leader, army general and governor of St. Petersburg. He received his title for his achievements and service to the royal crown.

Title of Marquis

The title of marquis in Tsarist Russia was mainly given to wealthy families with foreign origins. This was an opportunity to bring foreign capital into the country. One of the most famous names was Traversie. This is an ancient French family, whose representatives were at the royal court.

Among the Italian marquises was the Paulluci family. Having received the title of marquis, the family remained in Russia. Another Italian family received the title of marquis at the royal court of Russia - Albizzi. This is one of the richest Tuscan families. They earned all their income from entrepreneurial activity for the production of fabrics.

Meaning and privileges of title

For courtiers, having a title provided many opportunities and wealth. When receiving a title, it often brought with it generous gifts from the crown. Often these gifts were lands and wealth. The royal family gave such gifts for special achievements.

For rich families who earned their wealth on the generous Russian soil, it was very important to have a good title, for this they financed the royal undertakings, thereby buying their family a high title and good attitude. In addition, only titled families could be close to the royal family and participate in ruling the country.

The word “nobleman” itself means: “courtier” or “person from the princely court.” The nobility was the highest class of society.
In Russia, the nobility was formed in the XII-XIII centuries, mainly from representatives of the military service class. Starting from the 14th century, nobles received land plots for their service, and their names most often came from family names- Shuisky, Vorotynsky, Obolensky, Vyazemsky, Meshchersky, Ryazan, Galitsky, Smolensky, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Belozersky, Suzdal, Smolensky, Moscow, Tver... Other noble families came from the nicknames of their bearers: Gagarins, Gorbatye, Glazatye, Lykov. Some princely families were a combination of the name of the inheritance and a nickname: for example, Lobanov-Rostovsky.
At the end of the 15th century, surnames of foreign origin began to appear in the lists of the Russian nobility - they belonged to people from Greece, Poland, Lithuania, Asia and Western Europe, who had aristocratic origins and moved to Russia. Here we can mention such names as Fonvizins, Lermontovs, Yusupovs, Akhmatovs, Kara-Murzas, Karamzins, Kudinovs.
Boyars often received surnames from the baptismal name or nickname of the ancestor and included possessive suffixes. Such boyar surnames include the Petrovs, Smirnovs, Ignatovs, Yuryevs, Medvedevs, Apukhtins, Gavrilins, Ilyins.
The royal family of the Romanovs is of the same origin. Their ancestor was a boyar from the time of Ivan Kalita, Andrei Kobyla. He had three sons: Semyon Zherebets, Alexander Elka
Kobylin and Fedor Koshka. Their descendants received the surnames Zherebtsov, Kobylin and Koshkin, respectively. One of the great-grandsons of Fyodor Koshka, Yakov Zakharovich Koshkin, became the founder noble family Yakovlev, and his brother Yuri Zakharovich began to be called Zakharyin-Koshkin. The latter’s son’s name was Roman Zakharyin-Yuryev. His son Nikita Romanovich and his daughter Anastasia, the first wife of Ivan the Terrible, bore the same surname. However, the children and grandchildren of Nikita Romanovich became the Romanovs after their grandfather. This surname was borne by his son Fyodor Nikitich (Patriarch Filaret) and the founder of the last Russian royal dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich.
In the era of Peter the Great, the nobility was replenished by representatives of the non-military classes, who received their titles as a result of advancement through public service. One of them was, for example, an associate of Peter I, Alexander Menshikov, who from birth had a “low” origin, but was awarded the princely title by the tsar. In 1785, by decree of Catherine II, special privileges were established for nobles.

), supplemented according to the List of princely families on the website of the Heraldry of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna, which require additional verification.

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