Noble families of the Russian Empire. Famous surnames of Russia. Generic noble titles and nicknames in Russia Famous noble families

List of noble families included in the General Armorial of the Russian Empire

Appendix to the article The general armorial of the noble families of the Russian Empire The general armorial of the noble families of the Russian Empire is the set of coats of arms of the Russian noble families, established by decree of Emperor Paul I of January 20, 1797. Includes over ... ... Wikipedia

Title page of the Alphabetical list of noble families of the Mogilev province for 1909 List of noblemen of the Mogilev city ... Wikipedia

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Title page of the Alphabetical list of noble families of the Minsk province for 1903. List of noble families ... Wikipedia

General Armorial of the noble families of the All-Russian Empire ... Wikipedia

List of princely families of the Russian Empire. The list includes: the names of the so-called "natural" Russian princes descended from the former ruling dynasties of Rus' (Rurikovich) and Lithuania (Gediminovichi) and some others; surnames, ... ... Wikipedia

More than 300 count families (including extinct ones) of the Russian Empire include: dignity elevated to the count of the Russian Empire (at least 120 by the beginning of the 20th century), elevated to the count Kingdom of the Polish dignity ... ... Wikipedia

The documentary film "Noble families of Russia" is a story about the most famous noble families of Russia - Gagarins, Golitsins, Apraksins, Yusupovs, Stroganovs. The nobles were originally in the service of the boyars and princes and replaced the combatants. For the first time in history, the nobles are mentioned in 1174 and this is due to the murder of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. As early as the 14th century, nobles began to receive estates for their service. But unlike the boyar layer, they could not inherit land. During the creation and formation of a single state, the nobles became a reliable support for the grand dukes. Starting from the 15th century, their influence in the political and economic life of the country increased more and more. Gradually the nobles merged with the boyars. The concept of "nobles" began to denote the upper class of the population of Russia. The final distinction between the nobility and the boyars disappeared at the beginning of the 18th century, when estates and estates were equated with each other.

Gagarins
The Russian princely family, whose ancestor, Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Golibesovsky, a descendant of the princes of Starodub (XVIII generation from Rurik), had five sons; of these, the three eldest, Vasily, Yuri and Ivan Mikhailovich, had the nickname Gagara and were the founders of the three branches of the Gagarin princes. The older branch, according to some researchers, ceased at the end of the 17th century; representatives of the last two exist to this day. The princes Gagarins are recorded in the fifth part of the genealogical books of the provinces: Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Saratov, Simbirsk, Tver, Tambov, Vladimir, Moscow, Kherson and Kharkov.

Golicins
Russian princely family, descended from the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas. The immediate ancestor of the family was Mikhail Ivanovich, nicknamed Golitsa, the son of the boyar Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Bulgak. In the 5th generation from the ancestor, the family of the princes Golitsyn was divided into four branches, of which three still exist. From this family there were 22 boyars, 3 okolnichi, 2 kravchi. According to the genealogy of the princes Golitsyns (see "The family of the princes Golitsyns", op. N. N. Golitsyn, St. Petersburg, 1892, vol. I), in 1891 there were 90 males, 49 princesses and 87 princesses Golitsyns alive. One branch of the Golitsyns, represented by the Moscow Governor-General, Prince Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, received in 1841 the title of lordship. The genus of the princes Golitsyn is included in the V part of the genealogy book of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tver, Kursk, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tula and Chernigov provinces (Gerbovnik, I, 2).

Apraksins
Russian noble and count family, descended from Salkhomir-Murza. In the old days they were written by the Opraksins. Salkhomir had a great-grandson Andrey Ivanovich, nicknamed Opraks, from whom the clan descended, whose representatives were first written Opraksins, and then Apraksins. The grandchildren of Andrei Opraksa (Apraksa), Yerofey Yarets and Prokofy Matveyevich, under the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, moved from Ryazan to serve in Moscow. From Yerofey Matveyevich, nicknamed Yarets, a branch went, the representatives of which were later elevated to the dignity of a count. From the brother of Erofey, Ivan Matveyevich, nicknamed Dark, another branch of the Apraksin family went. Stepan Fedorovich (1702-1760) and his son Stepan Stepanovich (1757/47-1827) Apraksins belonged to it.

Yusupovs.
A Russian extinct princely family descended from Yusuf-Murza (d. 1556), the son of Musa-Murza, who in the third generation was a descendant of Edigei Mangit (1352-1419), the sovereign Khan of the Nogai Horde and a military commander who was in the service of Tamerlane. Yusuf-Murza had two sons, Il-Murza and Ibragim (Abrey), who were sent to Moscow in 1565 by the murderer of their father, Uncle Ishmael. Their descendants in the last years of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich received holy baptism and were written by the princes Yusupov or Yusupovo-Knyazhevo until the end of the 18th century, and after that they began to be written simply by the princes Yusupov.

Stroganovs.
A family of Russian merchants and industrialists, from which came large landowners and statesmen of the 16th-20th centuries. Natives of the rich Pomeranian peasants. From the 18th century - barons and counts of the Russian Empire. A direction in Russian icon painting of the late 16th - early 17th centuries (the Stroganov school of icon painting) and the best school of church embroidery of the 17th century (Stroganov's facial sewing), as well as the Stroganov direction of the Moscow baroque, are named after them. The Stroganov family is descended from Spiridon, a Novgorodian, a contemporary of Dmitry Donskoy (first mentioned in 1395), whose grandson owned lands in the Dvina region. According to another version, not confirmed by anything, the surname allegedly comes from a Tatar who adopted the name Spiridon in Christianity.

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Note. The surname should be entered in modern Russian spelling
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The very word "nobleman" means: "court" or "a man from the prince's court." The nobility was the highest class of society.
In Russia, the nobility was formed in the XII-XIII centuries, mainly from representatives of the military service class. Starting from the 14th century, the nobles received land plots for their service, and their names most often gave rise to family surnames - Shuisky, Vorotynsky, Obolensky, Vyazemsky, Meshchersky, Ryazansky, Galician, Smolensky, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Belozersky, Suzdal, Smolensky, Moscow, Tver ... Other noble families came from the nicknames of their bearers: Gagarins, Humpbacked, Eyed, Lykovs. Some princely surnames were a combination of the name of the inheritance and the nickname: for example, Lobanov-Rostovsky.
At the end of the 15th century, surnames of foreign origin began to appear in the lists of the Russian nobility - they belonged to immigrants from Greece, Poland, Lithuania, Asia and Western Europe, who had an aristocratic origin and moved to Russia. Here we can mention such names as the Fonvizins, Lermontovs, Yusupovs, Akhmatovs, Kara-Murza, Karamzins, Kudinovs.
The boyars often received surnames by the baptismal name or nickname of the ancestor and had possessive suffixes in their composition. Such boyar surnames include Petrovs, Smirnovs, Ignatovs, Yurievs, Medvedevs, Apukhtins, Gavrilins, Ilyins.
The royal family of the Romanovs is of the same origin. Their ancestor was the boyar of the time of Ivan Kalita Andrei Kobyla. He had three sons: Semyon Zherebets, Alexander Elka
Kobylin and Fedor Koshka. Their descendants received respectively the names Zherebtsov, Kobylin and Koshkin. One of the great-grandsons of Fyodor Koshka, Yakov Zakharovich Koshkin, became the ancestor of the noble family of the Yakovlevs, and his brother Yuri Zakharovich became known as Zakharyin-Koshkin. The son of the latter was named Roman Zakharyin-Yuriev. His son Nikita Romanovich and his daughter Anastasia, the first wife of Ivan the Terrible, had the same surname. However, the children and grandchildren of Nikita Romanovich became the Romanovs after their grandfather. This surname was borne by his son Fyodor Nikitich (Patriarch Filaret) and the founder of the last Russian royal dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich.
In the Petrine era, the nobility was replenished with representatives of non-military estates, who received their titles as a result of promotion in public service. One of them was, for example, an associate of Peter I, Alexander Menshikov, who from birth had a “low” origin, but was awarded the princely title by the tsar. In 1785, by decree of Catherine II, special privileges were established for the nobles.

Some surnames are said to be "noble". Is it true? And is it possible to determine by the surname that a person has noble roots?

How did the nobility appear in Russia?

Other noble families originated from the nicknames of their bearers: Gagarins, Humpbacked, Eyed, Lykovs. Some princely surnames were a combination of the name of the inheritance and the nickname: for example, Lobanov-Rostovsky.

At the end of the 15th century, surnames of foreign origin began to appear in the lists of the Russian nobility - they belonged to immigrants from Greece, Poland, Lithuania, Asia and Western Europe, who had an aristocratic origin and moved to Russia.

Such boyar surnames include Petrovs, Smirnovs, Ignatovs, Yurievs, Medvedevs, Apukhtins, Gavrilins, Ilyins.

The royal family of the Romanovs is of the same origin. Their ancestor was the boyar of the time of Ivan Kalita Andrei Kobyla. He had three sons: Semyon Zherebets, Alexander Elka Kobylin and Fedor Koshka. Their descendants received respectively the names Zherebtsov, Kobylin and Koshkin. One of the great-grandsons of Fyodor Koshka, Yakov Zakharovich Koshkin, became the ancestor of the noble family of the Yakovlevs, and his brother Yuri Zakharovich became known as Zakharyin-Koshkin. The son of the latter was named Roman Zakharyin-Yuriev.

The same surname was borne by his son Nikita Romanovich and daughter Anastasia, the first wife of Ivan the Terrible. However, the children and grandchildren of Nikita Romanovich became the Romanovs after their grandfather. This surname was borne by his son Fyodor Nikitich (Patriarch Filaret) and the founder of the last Russian royal dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich.

In the Petrine era, the nobility was replenished with representatives of non-military estates, who received their titles as a result of promotion in public service. One of them was, for example, an associate of Peter I Alexander Menshikov, who from birth had a “low” origin, but was awarded the princely title by the tsar. In 1785, by decree of Catherine II, special privileges were established for the nobles.

The nobility in Russia was divided into several categories. The first included representatives of the ancient boyar and princely families who received the title of nobility before 1685. These are Scriabins, Travins, Eropkins and many others. Titled nobles are counts, princes and barons whose families were listed in genealogical books. Among them are Alabyshevs, Urusovs, Zotovs, Sheremetevs, Golovkins. Hereditary nobility complained mainly for service (for example, military merit) and could be inherited. Personal nobility was granted for special merits in the military and civil service to people of the lower and middle classes, but it was not inherited and was not entered in genealogical books.

Is it possible to identify a nobleman by his last name?

In 1886, V. V. Rummel and V. V. Golubtsov compiled the Genealogical Collection of Russian Noble Families, which included genealogies of 136 families of the Russian nobility. There are hundreds of noble family families in Russia. Among the most famous are the Aksenovs, Anichkovs, Arakcheevs, Bestuzhevs, Velyaminovs, Vorontsovs, Golenishchevs, Demidovs, Derzhavins, Dolgoruky, Durovs, Kurbatovs, Kutuzovs, Nekrasovs, Pozharskys, Razumovskys, Saburovs, Saltykovs, Trubetskoys, Uvarovs, Cherkasovs, Chernyshevs, Shcherbatovs.

Meanwhile, it is very difficult to determine the noble origin of a particular surname these days. The fact is that surnames from names or nicknames could be given not only to representatives of the nobility. Also, the serfs of one or another landowner often received surnames according to the name of the land ownership that belonged to this landowner, or bore the master's own surname. With the exception of some particularly rare surnames, only an official pedigree can confirm noble roots.