The endings of irregular verbs in English. How to find out if a verb is regular or irregular

Greetings to all lovers of English and grammar in particular:-P. Today you will find an interesting and useful selection again. Anyone might think that important for correct speech irregular, modal and phrasal verbs, that's all you need to know. You are deeply mistaken if you think that studying regular verbs is a useless task, since everyone knows the simple mechanism when a past number is added to a word [-ed]. Regular verbs of the English language In fact, regular verbs are just like irregular verbs and any others. They display the noun. If you have a noun Cook , then you also have a verb to cook . Just like when it was ordinary word “google”, which was used to mean “ search system

”, but today the English language has given us “to google”, which has come to mean “search in the Google search engine”.

Thus, by studying regular English verbs, you learn this unit, the noun, and the grammar of the formation of the past tense - three in one. Any English language course includes the study of these words in its program. Therefore, having studied difficult irregular, modal, phrasal verbs, you should not ignore ordinary regular verbs. These words are an important part of expressing emotions and feelings and constructing sentences. Everyone knows that regular verbs are formed by adding the ending to the second participle and the past tense [-ed]: Paint - painted - drawish

• b, however, following this rule, it is necessary to take into account several important nuances: If the word ends in “e”, then we do not duplicate it and add only the ending [-d]:
• Like - liked - like If the lexeme ends with a voiceless or hissing consonant, then the ending [-ed] is pronounced like “t”: Polish - polished - ["pɒlɪʃt] - polish , S top — stopped — - stop . Please note that upon formation Past Simple
• in monosyllabic verbs the last consonant is doubled In the case when a unit ends with a voiced consonant or vowel, the familiar [-ed] takes on the sound “d”: Destroy - destroyed - - to destroy. By the way, when a lexeme ends in “y” and is preceded by a consonant letter, then when [-ed] is added, the sound “y” is reduced and “i” appears in its place: In the case where there is a vowel before “y”, no additional changes occur
• If the word ends in “d” or “t”, then [-ed] is pronounced as “id”: Pretend - pretended - pretend, Start - Started - - start, start

Regular English verbs do not cause any particular difficulties, since the scheme of their formation is quite simple and transparent.

Table of 50 regular English verbs

You can download and print this table

If you've gotten to the point of learning verbs, you've already gone through a lot. But there's more to come long road to perfection. The temporary system is based on such a distinction between this part of speech as correct and incorrect. It is the latter that we will talk about and explain how to quickly learn irregular verbs.

So, we already know that with the passage of time, foreign conquests or other interactions of people, the English language also did not stand aside. This is especially true for verbs. If we study times, then we have to differentiate according to this category. Irregular Verbs are found in almost every one of them.

Forms of irregular verbs in English

Where to begin? From familiarization. What types are there, when and how are they used. After all, when reading the rule, you often come across the expression 2nd form, 3rd. We will now look at what it is. Once again it is worth recalling that there are 3 forms irregular verbs(some linguists identify four).

First form is an infinitive or first column of the table. This is how the verb is used in the dictionary: run, swim, give. It is used in the Present Simple, Future Simple, in interrogative and negative sentences Past Simple.

Second form - This is the simple past tense: ran, swam, gave (second column). In this form, irregular English verbs are used in the Past Simple (with the exception of interrogative and negative sentences).

Third form- this is the past participle (Past Participle or Participle II): run, swun, given. This form of the verb is used most often. In Perfect times, in all times Passive Voice. You will find it in third column of the table.

Fourth form- this is the present participle (Present Participle or Participle I): running, swimming, giving. It is used by the group tenses Continuous and Perfect Continuous. Not all tables contain a fourth column, only some do.

When considering sentences with irregular verbs, pay attention to the tense.

How are the main irregular verbs of the English language formed?

It is impossible to clearly determine that these words are changed in this way, and others in the second or third way. But it is still possible to trace a certain trend, and then it will not be a collection of words and incomprehensible forms.

1. By changing the vowel in the root of the word: meet - met - met; begin - began - begun.
2. Changing the root and adding a suffix: speak - spoke - spoken; give - gave - given.
3. The ending changes: send - sent - sent; build - built - built.
4. And some verbs are the same in all forms: cut - cut - cut; put - put - put.

How to learn irregular verbs?

Each has its own methodology, its own method, which has its own pros and cons. But first I would like to say a few generally accepted facts. First, learn all three forms at once and with translation. Irregular verbs with translation can be found in almost any grammar textbook, dictionary, on Internet resources and on our website. All full table can be downloaded. Don’t learn 10 at once, take 5, stretch them out over 3-4 days, do the exercises. Many learn in a row, in alphabetical order, some in groups (depending on the method of education). I believe that the second one is more effective and easier. Therefore, we will divide all irregular English verbs into groups.

1. Completely identical

2. The second and third shapes coincide - p-t

3. The second and third forms coincide - d-t

4. The root vowel changes - ew - own

5. A group of verbs with different root vowels

6. Endings aught/ought

7. Vowel alternation

8. Alternating vowel + ending en

9. Alternation, ending en, doubling a consonant

10. The second and third forms coincide

11.Have two options

12. Completely different shapes

Remembering irregular verbs in English at first seems difficult and tedious. But believe me, if you don’t reboot yourself, study using the groups that we have provided, you will easily master them. And this is very important! All irregular verbs very often used in speech. Learn grammar and expand your vocabulary.

Here you can take a lesson on the topic: Simple past tense in English language. Regular and irregular verbs. Past Simple. Regular and Irregular verbs.

In this lesson we will get acquainted with regular and irregular verbs in English and how to use them in sentences simple past tense. It is these verbs that in most cases are part of the past tense.

To express thoughts in the past, the English often use the verbs was and were. Well, what if the main action is expressed by another verb, for example, swim, or play? In such cases, knowledge of regular and irregular English verbs is required. We will look at each category of verbs separately:

Regular verbs(Regular verbs) - this special group English verbs, which easily forms the past tense by adding the suffix -ed to the infinitive (the usual form of the verb). Here are some examples of such verbs:

talk - talked (talk - spoke)
jump - jumped (jump - jumped)
check - checked (check - checked)
look - looked (look - looked)
stay - stayed (stop - stopped)
ask - asked (ask - asked)
show -showed (show - showed)
work - worked (work - worked)

Regular verbs ending in -ed do not change for person or number. Let's look at the example of the verb walk (walk, stroll):

I walked - I walked
you walked - you walked / You walked
he walked - he walked
she walked - she walked
it walked - he/she walked/walked (inanimate)
we walked - we walked
they walked - they walked

I. There are some spelling rules when adding -ed endings.

1. So, for example, if the verb is already ends with a letter-e , then only -d is added to it. For example:

Change - changed (change - changed)
arrive - arrived (arrive - arrived)
smoke - smoked (smoking - smoked)

2. If the verb ends with the letter -y, then the ending, with rare exceptions, changes to -ied.

For example:
study - studied (teach - taught)
tidy - tidied (clean - cleaned)

try - tried (try - tried)

The exceptions are the verbs: play - played (play), stay - remained (stop), enjoy - enjoyed (enjoy). 3. In some short verbs (in 1 syllable) by adding the ending -ed The consonant is doubled. This rule applies to verbs that ends in one vowel and one consonant

letters. For example:
stop - stop ped (stop - stopped)

rob - rob bed (rob - robbed) II. Regarding regular English verbs, there are also several

reading rules. 1. So, for example, in verbs, ending in a voiceless consonant

(f, k, p, t), the ending -ed is read softly, like /t/. For example:
walk ed /wɔ:kt/
look ed /lukt/
jump ed /dʒʌmpt/

ask ed /a:skt/ ending in voiced and all other sounds, the ending -ed is pronounced voiced, like /d/.

For example:
play ed /pleid/
show ed /ʃəud/
arrived /ə"raivd/

chang ed /tʃeindʒd/ 3. The pronunciation of the verb ending -ed changes slightly when the verbs end with the sounds /t/ or /d/.

Then the ending is pronounced /id/. For example:
decid ed /di"saidid/
wait ed /"weitid /
land ed /"lændid /

fad ed/"feidid/ Now let's look at the regular verbs in affirmative sentences.

Here are some examples:
Miriam waited for Adam for several hours. - Miriam waited for Adam for several hours.
She walked towards the river. - She walked towards the river.
They changed their mind. - They changed their decision.
The woman carried a heavy bag. - The woman was carrying a heavy bag.
When I arrived the party was over. - When I arrived, the party was over.
The plane landed near the village. - The plane landed near the village.
The car stopped next to my house. - The car stopped next to my house.
Children played hide-and-seek. - The children played hide and seek.
We stayed at my grandmother's. - We stayed with my grandmother.
I looked around but there was noone. - I looked around, but there was no one there.

He studied German at school. - He studied German at school.

As can be seen from the examples, the place of subjects and verbs in affirmative sentences is fixed, and the remaining members of the sentences can be used depending on the context. When reading the examples, pay attention to the spelling of regular verbs and their pronunciation. In contrast to regular verbs, English also has a number of irregular verbs

, which do not obey the rule of adding the ending -ed, but are formed completely unexpectedly and in different ways. For example:
find - found (find - found)
take - took (take - took)
sleep - slept (sleep - slept)
fight - fought (fight - fought)
get - got (receive - received)
give - gave (give - gave)
buy - bought (buy - bought)
catch - caught (catch - caught)

lose - lost (lose - lost) and many others.
Here you can find the complete

The simple past tense uses verbs from the second column (Past Simple).

In affirmative sentences, irregular verbs are used in the same way as regular ones. The order of the sentence is fixed: Subject - Predicate - Object - Adverbial modifier. Let's look at examples:
Simon took my phone number yesterday. - Simon took my phone number yesterday.
I gave her a birthday present. - I gave her a present for her birthday.
They slept for eight hours last night. - They slept eight hours last night.

To form negative and interrogative sentences with regular and irregular verbs (except to be and modal verbs), the auxiliary verb did must be used.

So, for example, in interrogative sentences comes first auxiliary verb did, then the subject and verb, but in its original form (infinitive), since the auxiliary verb did takes on the function of the past tense. Let's look at a few examples:

(+) Her watch stopped working. - Her watch stopped working.
(?) Did her watch stop working? - Has her watch stopped working?

(+) He caught a big fish. - He caught a big fish.
(?) Did he catch a big fish? - Did he catch a big fish?

(+) They played cards in the evening. - They played cards in the evening.
(?) Did they play cards in the evening? - Did they play cards in the evening?

(+) Mr.Right found a purse with money. - Mr. Wright found a wallet with money.
(?) Did Mr.Right find a purse money? - Did Mr. Wright find a wallet with money?

(+) His father called him yesterday. - His father called him yesterday.
(?) Did his father call him yesterday? - Did his father call him yesterday?

As can be seen from the examples, the auxiliary verb did does not change in persons or numbers, such as the verbs do and does, was and were. Also, these questions belong to the general category, and require short answers, which, unlike Russian “yes” and “no,” depend largely on the question itself and the auxiliary verb. Let's take a closer look:

Did you leave early last night? -Yes, I did.
-No, I didn't. -Did you leave early last night? -Yes. -No.
Did they like the cake? -Yes, they did.

-No, they didn't. - Did they like the cake? - Yes. - No. Did their children break the remote control? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't." -Did their children break the remote control? -Yes. -No. Special questions with regular and irregular verbs are formed in the same order as common ones, but with the addition

question word at first. For example:
Where did you
find the
map? - Where did you find the map?

Why did they call us last night? - Why did they call us last night? with regular and irregular verbs are also formed using the auxiliary verb did, and the negative particle "not".

The main verbs in such sentences remain in their original form, i.e. in the infinitive. Let's look at examples:
(+) He didn’t want us to go. - He wanted us to leave.

(-) He didn't (did not) want us to go. - He didn't want us to leave.
(+) They enjoyed the concert. - They liked the concert.

(-) They didn’t enjoy the concert. - They didn’t like the concert.
(+) Albert promised me something. - Albert promised me something.

(-) Albert didn’t promise me anything. - Albert didn’t promise me anything.
(+) My friend paid t he fine. - My friend paid the fine.

(-) My friend didn't pay the fine. - My friend did not pay the fine.
(+) It broke after all. - And yet it broke.

(-) It didn’t break after all. - And yet it didn’t break.

As can be seen from the examples, the word did can be combined with the particle not, and then the abbreviated form is obtained - didn't.

Thus, we examined regular and irregular verbs in English, and also became familiar with their use in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. The category of regular verbs does not require targeted memorization, but it is recommended to learn irregular verbs several times a day and try to use them in your sentences.

English is a language of exceptions, where when learning a new grammatical rule, students are faced with a dozen buts in which this rule does not apply. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But you can’t do without them, because these are the realities of English! However, there is good news - modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we'll look at it in the article.

Why are English verbs irregular? Not only foreigners, but also native speakers themselves experience difficulty in using irregular verbs. But nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standardity of this part of speech is not a drawback, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates the history of the English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English traditional option language. For comparison, Americans are trying hard to get rid of, remaking it into the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both versions of the language. Thus, the incorrect version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.

How many forms does a verb have in English?

Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:

• infinitive, aka ;
• I, or Participle I, - this form is used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
• Past Participle II, or Participle II, for the simple perfect tense of the long past tense ( Past Perfect), passive voice(Passive Voice) and the conditional mood of the 3-d case.

The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.

What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules

Regular verbs are those in which the past form (Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to the initial form. The table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.

There are some features when forming Participle I and Participle II:

• if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
• The consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped (stop - stopped);
• if the verb ends in -y with a preceding consonant, then y changes to i before adding -ed.

Verbs that do not obey are called irregular general rule during the formation of temporary forms. In English, these include the Past Simple and Participle II verb forms.

Irregular verbs are formed using:

ablauta, in which the root changes. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);

the use of suffixes different from those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done (do - did - did);

identical or unchangeable form. Example: cut - cut - cut (cut - cut - cut).

Because everyone doesn't regular verb has its own form of change, they should be learned by heart.

There are a total of 218 irregular verbs in the English language, of which approximately 195 are in active use.

Recent research in the field of language shows that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with forms of the regular verb, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table “Three verb forms in English” - the table presents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.

table of irregular verbs

The table "Three Forms of Irregular Verbs in English" includes the most frequently used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and translation.

Irregular verbs came to modern English from Old English, which was spoken by the Angles and Saxons - British tribes.

Irregular verbs evolved from so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.

Researchers from Harvard found that the majority of verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so because they are used more often than others.

There is also a phenomenon in the history of the English language when a regular verb became irregular. For example, sneak, which has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.

Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they find themselves in awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.

One of them is Jennifer Garner, who all her life was sure that sneak was the correct verb.

She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. With a dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.

Therefore, you should not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.

Regular verbs

The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most frequently used verbs.

Examples of using 3 forms of verbs with translation

Above we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of use and translation will help reinforce the topic.

Here, for each grammatical construction, two examples are given - one with regular and one with irregular verbs.

Exercises

To better memorize irregular verbs, you need not only to learn them by heart and repeat them, but also to perform various exercises.

Exercise 1. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Irregular verbs." Fill in one of the three missing forms.

Exercise 2. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs." Insert forms Participle I and II.

Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.

1. I was reading a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London until 2000. They then moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a university student in 2014.
5. They worked in the same company two years ago.
6. He just finished training.
7. When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
8. I drove a toy car as a child.

Answers to the exercises

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, traveled, used, worked.

Exercise 3.

1. I read a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
5. They worked in the same company two years ago.
6. He has just finished training.
7. When we were children we took for a walk to this park.
8. I drove a toy car in my childhood.

Get into the habit of repeating basic forms periodically English verb. A table with irregular verbs, doing exercises and periodic repetition will help you quickly cope with the difficulties of the English language.

The division of verbs into regular and irregular in English is purely arbitrary, so there is no meaningful method for distinguishing them. This can only be done with the help of a dictionary, and the forms of irregular verbs will have to be memorized.

For example:

verb correct, This means that in the formula we add -ed;

verb wrong, This means that in the formula, in place of the semantic verb, we put the third form;

the verb is irregular, but the second and third forms are the same (more about the second form below).

Sometimes all three forms can be the same:

This is how we work when translating from Russian into English, i.e. when we ourselves are looking for the desired form. If we translate from English, then the formulas will already contain the second or third forms, and not the Infinitive. In this case, we will not immediately find the translation of the word in the dictionary, since the translation is given only for the first (indefinite) form. But we will get a hint. It looks like this:

1) ....[..] past from.... – the word past in such a dictionary entry means that we have before us the second form of such and such a verb:

• gave past from give – the translation should be found in the article give 2) ....[...] r.r. from.... – designation of r.r. corresponds to the third form of an irregular verb:
• given r.r. from give – look for translation in the article give

Usually at the end English-Russian dictionaries a table of irregular (non-standard) verbs is provided.

Only the very first formula out of seven consists of one verb (which, by the way, makes it very easy and quick to distinguish it from all the others), the rest - of two or three. In such formulas, verbs are divided into semantic (come last) and auxiliary (come before the semantic).

The semantic verb is taken each time from the dictionary and strictly takes on the form given to it according to the formula: ~~~~~~ing;

~~~~~~ed / 3rd form.

The auxiliary verb, which occupies the first place in the formula (to be or to have), constantly changes its form, thus showing the required tense.

The second auxiliary verb (in those formulas where it is: been / being) does not change in any way and serves only to make this formula different from others.

Remember:

• all formulas are indivisible, i.e. It is impossible to discard a single detail from them except the particle to; we must perceive them as one Russian word;
• You cannot enter any additional details into the formula; each formula already has its own finished form;
• any structural change in the formula either leads to its disintegration (if something is thrown away), or to some new formation (if something is added), which makes it equally incomprehensible;
• Each formula already contains some signs of the situations described, and we must understand them, as native English speakers do.

For example:

• to be ~~~~~~ing

Active Continuous - the action is performed by the subject and is long in nature. By changing the form of the first auxiliary verb (be), we get the time in which this action was performed, is being performed, or will be performed. So with each formula. Now let's remember our example again:

• Mom is sleeping now.

Let's try to translate this sentence into English.

We perform all actions in a strictly defined sequence:

1. Using the rule of word order in an English sentence, we put the subject Mother first (we take it from the dictionary or head).
2. The predicate should be in second place in the sentence. Here you need to think about what formula and how to put it correctly in a sentence. In almost any case, the ability to correctly transfer a picture of the described situation from Russian into English depends precisely on the predicate - we must always remember this.

We begin the analysis using the table:

• Active or Passive? – Active 1, 2, 3, 4 – ? – 2 (Continuous)

After the second step, we find the formula needed specifically for our situation and fix it:

• to be + ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ing

We find the semantic verb in the dictionary / head: sleep (slept) is an irregular verb, but for this formula this does not matter, since here we must add -ing to any verb. We insert the semantic verb into the formula:

• to be sleeping

But the resulting formula is still in the Infinitive form, not indicating any time.

And we need to show that the action takes place in currently, i.e. Mom is sleeping (and has not slept or will sleep) – Present. A pause in work - we don’t know how to mark time.

How to put the found formula in the appropriate time for the situation being described

We already said a little higher that the time it takes to perform an action depends on the form of the first auxiliary verb (in some formulas – to be, in others – to have). This means that the first auxiliary verb must somehow change to show the correct tense. How? Here we will again make a small digression and turn to the Russian language. In Russian sentences, all verbs change their form depending on three features:

• time (asked, please, will ask);
• face (I ask, you ask, he asks);
• number (I ask, we ask).

IN English sentences These three signs are also present, but only the first ones change auxiliary verbs, all the same to be and to have.